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Where in Antarctica is Halley Station? | <text>Where in Antarctica is Halley Station?</text><reasoning>Since the 1970s, an important focus of study has been the ozone layer in the atmosphere above Antarctica. In 1985, three British scientists working on data they had gathered at Halley Station on the Brunt Ice Shelf discovered the existence of a hole in this ... |
What chemical was discovered to have caused the hole in the ozone? | <text>What chemical was discovered to have caused the hole in the ozone?</text><reasoning>Since the 1970s, an important focus of study has been the ozone layer in the atmosphere above Antarctica. In 1985, three British scientists working on data they had gathered at Halley Station on the Brunt Ice Shelf discovered the ... |
What agreement banned the use of CFC s? | <text>What agreement banned the use of CFC s?</text><reasoning>Since the 1970s, an important focus of study has been the ozone layer in the atmosphere above Antarctica. In 1985, three British scientists working on data they had gathered at Halley Station on the Brunt Ice Shelf discovered the existence of a hole in this... |
What is the southern most continent? | <text>What is the southern most continent?</text><reasoning>Positioned asymmetrically around the South Pole and largely south of the Antarctic Circle, Antarctica is the southernmost continent and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean; alternatively, it may be considered to be surrounded by the southern Pacific, Atlantic,... |
What is the size of Antarctica in square miles? | <text>What is the size of Antarctica in square miles?</text><reasoning>Positioned asymmetrically around the South Pole and largely south of the Antarctic Circle, Antarctica is the southernmost continent and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean; alternatively, it may be considered to be surrounded by the southern Pacific... |
What is Antarctica's ranking among the continents? | <text>What is Antarctica's ranking among the continents?</text><reasoning>Positioned asymmetrically around the South Pole and largely south of the Antarctic Circle, Antarctica is the southernmost continent and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean; alternatively, it may be considered to be surrounded by the southern Paci... |
How many miles long is Antarctica's coast line? | <text>How many miles long is Antarctica's coast line?</text><reasoning>Positioned asymmetrically around the South Pole and largely south of the Antarctic Circle, Antarctica is the southernmost continent and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean; alternatively, it may be considered to be surrounded by the southern Pacific... |
Who wrote a book describing a cold region in 350 B.C.? | <text>Who wrote a book describing a cold region in 350 B.C.?</text><reasoning>Aristotle wrote in his book Meteorology about an Antarctic region in c. 350 B.C. Marinus of Tyre reportedly used the name in his unpreserved world map from the 2nd century A.D. The Roman authors Hyginus and Apuleius (1–2 centuries A.D.) used ... |
What did authors Hyginus and Apuleious call the South Pole? | <text>What did authors Hyginus and Apuleious call the South Pole?</text><reasoning>Aristotle wrote in his book Meteorology about an Antarctic region in c. 350 B.C. Marinus of Tyre reportedly used the name in his unpreserved world map from the 2nd century A.D. The Roman authors Hyginus and Apuleius (1–2 centuries A.D.) ... |
What map maker used the name Antarctica in his map of the 2nd century A.D.? | <text>What map maker used the name Antarctica in his map of the 2nd century A.D.?</text><reasoning>Aristotle wrote in his book Meteorology about an Antarctic region in c. 350 B.C. Marinus of Tyre reportedly used the name in his unpreserved world map from the 2nd century A.D. The Roman authors Hyginus and Apuleius (1–2 ... |
What did Chaucer call the area in 1391? | <text>What did Chaucer call the area in 1391?</text><reasoning>Aristotle wrote in his book Meteorology about an Antarctic region in c. 350 B.C. Marinus of Tyre reportedly used the name in his unpreserved world map from the 2nd century A.D. The Roman authors Hyginus and Apuleius (1–2 centuries A.D.) used for the South P... |
What was the old French words for the Antarctic? | <text>What was the old French words for the Antarctic?</text><reasoning>Aristotle wrote in his book Meteorology about an Antarctic region in c. 350 B.C. Marinus of Tyre reportedly used the name in his unpreserved world map from the 2nd century A.D. The Roman authors Hyginus and Apuleius (1–2 centuries A.D.) used for th... |
Since what year have claims been suspended in Antarctica? | <text>Since what year have claims been suspended in Antarctica?</text><reasoning>New claims on Antarctica have been suspended since 1959 although Norway in 2015 formally defined Queen Maud Land as including the unclaimed area between it and the South Pole. Antarctica's status is regulated by the 1959 Antarctic Treaty a... |
What document regulates Antarctica's status? | <text>What document regulates Antarctica's status?</text><reasoning>New claims on Antarctica have been suspended since 1959 although Norway in 2015 formally defined Queen Maud Land as including the unclaimed area between it and the South Pole. Antarctica's status is regulated by the 1959 Antarctic Treaty and other rela... |
What latitude is defined as being Antarctica's border? | <text>What latitude is defined as being Antarctica's border?</text><reasoning>New claims on Antarctica have been suspended since 1959 although Norway in 2015 formally defined Queen Maud Land as including the unclaimed area between it and the South Pole. Antarctica's status is regulated by the 1959 Antarctic Treaty and ... |
How many countries signed the treaty protecting Antarctica from claims? | <text>How many countries signed the treaty protecting Antarctica from claims?</text><reasoning>New claims on Antarctica have been suspended since 1959 although Norway in 2015 formally defined Queen Maud Land as including the unclaimed area between it and the South Pole. Antarctica's status is regulated by the 1959 Anta... |
What does the treaty set Antarctica aside as? | <text>What does the treaty set Antarctica aside as?</text><reasoning>New claims on Antarctica have been suspended since 1959 although Norway in 2015 formally defined Queen Maud Land as including the unclaimed area between it and the South Pole. Antarctica's status is regulated by the 1959 Antarctic Treaty and other rel... |
When was the Antarctic Conservation Act passed by the U.S.? | <text>When was the Antarctic Conservation Act passed by the U.S.?</text><reasoning>The passing of the Antarctic Conservation Act (1978) in the U.S. brought several restrictions to U.S. activity on Antarctica. The introduction of alien plants or animals can bring a criminal penalty, as can the extraction of any indigeno... |
What type of penalty can importing plants and animals into Antarctica bring? | <text>What type of penalty can importing plants and animals into Antarctica bring?</text><reasoning>The passing of the Antarctic Conservation Act (1978) in the U.S. brought several restrictions to U.S. activity on Antarctica. The introduction of alien plants or animals can bring a criminal penalty, as can the extractio... |
How many tonnes of Patagonian toothfish were illegally fished in 2000? | <text>How many tonnes of Patagonian toothfish were illegally fished in 2000?</text><reasoning>The passing of the Antarctic Conservation Act (1978) in the U.S. brought several restrictions to U.S. activity on Antarctica. The introduction of alien plants or animals can bring a criminal penalty, as can the extraction of a... |
When did the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources come into force? | <text>When did the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources come into force?</text><reasoning>The passing of the Antarctic Conservation Act (1978) in the U.S. brought several restrictions to U.S. activity on Antarctica. The introduction of alien plants or animals can bring a criminal penalt... |
Over fishing of which species of fish helped promote regulations on fishing? | <text>Over fishing of which species of fish helped promote regulations on fishing?</text><reasoning>The passing of the Antarctic Conservation Act (1978) in the U.S. brought several restrictions to U.S. activity on Antarctica. The introduction of alien plants or animals can bring a criminal penalty, as can the extractio... |
What is the Earth's most southern continent? | <text>What is the Earth's most southern continent?</text><reasoning>Antarctica (US English i/æntˈɑːrktɪkə/, UK English /ænˈtɑːktɪkə/ or /ænˈtɑːtɪkə/ or /ænˈɑːtɪkə/)[Note 1] is Earth's southernmost continent, containing the geographic South Pole. It is situated in the Antarctic region of the Southern Hemisphere, almost ... |
Which pole is located in Antarctica? | <text>Which pole is located in Antarctica?</text><reasoning>Antarctica (US English i/æntˈɑːrktɪkə/, UK English /ænˈtɑːktɪkə/ or /ænˈtɑːtɪkə/ or /ænˈɑːtɪkə/)[Note 1] is Earth's southernmost continent, containing the geographic South Pole. It is situated in the Antarctic region of the Southern Hemisphere, almost entirely... |
What ocean surrounds Antarctica? | <text>What ocean surrounds Antarctica?</text><reasoning>Antarctica (US English i/æntˈɑːrktɪkə/, UK English /ænˈtɑːktɪkə/ or /ænˈtɑːtɪkə/ or /ænˈɑːtɪkə/)[Note 1] is Earth's southernmost continent, containing the geographic South Pole. It is situated in the Antarctic region of the Southern Hemisphere, almost entirely sou... |
What is the size of Antarctica? | <text>What is the size of Antarctica?</text><reasoning>Antarctica (US English i/æntˈɑːrktɪkə/, UK English /ænˈtɑːktɪkə/ or /ænˈtɑːtɪkə/ or /ænˈɑːtɪkə/)[Note 1] is Earth's southernmost continent, containing the geographic South Pole. It is situated in the Antarctic region of the Southern Hemisphere, almost entirely sout... |
How much of Antarctica is ice covered? | <text>How much of Antarctica is ice covered?</text><reasoning>Antarctica (US English i/æntˈɑːrktɪkə/, UK English /ænˈtɑːktɪkə/ or /ænˈtɑːtɪkə/ or /ænˈɑːtɪkə/)[Note 1] is Earth's southernmost continent, containing the geographic South Pole. It is situated in the Antarctic region of the Southern Hemisphere, almost entire... |
What type of climate did Gondwana have during the Cambrian period? | <text>What type of climate did Gondwana have during the Cambrian period?</text><reasoning>During the Cambrian period, Gondwana had a mild climate. West Antarctica was partially in the Northern Hemisphere, and during this period large amounts of sandstones, limestones and shales were deposited. East Antarctica was at th... |
In what hemisphere did west Antarctica share during the Cambrian? | <text>In what hemisphere did west Antarctica share during the Cambrian?</text><reasoning>During the Cambrian period, Gondwana had a mild climate. West Antarctica was partially in the Northern Hemisphere, and during this period large amounts of sandstones, limestones and shales were deposited. East Antarctica was at the... |
Where was east Antarctica during the Cambrian period? | <text>Where was east Antarctica during the Cambrian period?</text><reasoning>During the Cambrian period, Gondwana had a mild climate. West Antarctica was partially in the Northern Hemisphere, and during this period large amounts of sandstones, limestones and shales were deposited. East Antarctica was at the equator, wh... |
What was the climate of Gondwana at the beginning of the Devonian period? | <text>What was the climate of Gondwana at the beginning of the Devonian period?</text><reasoning>During the Cambrian period, Gondwana had a mild climate. West Antarctica was partially in the Northern Hemisphere, and during this period large amounts of sandstones, limestones and shales were deposited. East Antarctica wa... |
Where was Gondwana located by the end of the Devonian period? | <text>Where was Gondwana located by the end of the Devonian period?</text><reasoning>During the Cambrian period, Gondwana had a mild climate. West Antarctica was partially in the Northern Hemisphere, and during this period large amounts of sandstones, limestones and shales were deposited. East Antarctica was at the equ... |
When did the Environmental Protocol become effective? | <text>When did the Environmental Protocol become effective?</text><reasoning>The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty (also known as the Environmental Protocol or Madrid Protocol) came into force in 1998, and is the main instrument concerned with conservation and management of biodiversity in An... |
What is the main concern of the Protocol? | <text>What is the main concern of the Protocol?</text><reasoning>The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty (also known as the Environmental Protocol or Madrid Protocol) came into force in 1998, and is the main instrument concerned with conservation and management of biodiversity in Antarctica. Th... |
What is seen as a major risk to Antarctica? | <text>What is seen as a major risk to Antarctica?</text><reasoning>The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty (also known as the Environmental Protocol or Madrid Protocol) came into force in 1998, and is the main instrument concerned with conservation and management of biodiversity in Antarctica. ... |
What group advises the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting? | <text>What group advises the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting?</text><reasoning>The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty (also known as the Environmental Protocol or Madrid Protocol) came into force in 1998, and is the main instrument concerned with conservation and management of biodiversi... |
Besides conservation, what is the Environmental Protocol's goal to manage? | <text>Besides conservation, what is the Environmental Protocol's goal to manage?</text><reasoning>The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty (also known as the Environmental Protocol or Madrid Protocol) came into force in 1998, and is the main instrument concerned with conservation and management ... |
Jesus was known as the "King of Kings" because of his lieage from who? | <text>Jesus was known as the "King of Kings" because of his lieage from who?</text><reasoning>Some titles have a Biblical basis, for instance the title Queen Mother has been given to Mary since she was the mother of Jesus, who was sometimes referred to as the "King of Kings" due to his lineage of King David. The biblic... |
Which name is given to Mary because of her role as a protector of captives? | <text>Which name is given to Mary because of her role as a protector of captives?</text><reasoning>Some titles have a Biblical basis, for instance the title Queen Mother has been given to Mary since she was the mother of Jesus, who was sometimes referred to as the "King of Kings" due to his lineage of King David. The b... |
Who was the mother of Jesus? | <text>Who was the mother of Jesus?</text><reasoning>Some titles have a Biblical basis, for instance the title Queen Mother has been given to Mary since she was the mother of Jesus, who was sometimes referred to as the "King of Kings" due to his lineage of King David. The biblical basis for the term Queen can be seen in... |
Which New Testament book provides a basis for the term Queen when referring to Mary? | <text>Which New Testament book provides a basis for the term Queen when referring to Mary?</text><reasoning>Some titles have a Biblical basis, for instance the title Queen Mother has been given to Mary since she was the mother of Jesus, who was sometimes referred to as the "King of Kings" due to his lineage of King Dav... |
What did most of Gondwana become when the polar ice melted? | <text>What did most of Gondwana become when the polar ice melted?</text><reasoning>As a result of continued warming, the polar ice caps melted and much of Gondwana became a desert. In Eastern Antarctica, seed ferns or pteridosperms became abundant and large amounts of sandstone and shale were laid down at this time. Sy... |
What plants were abundant during this time? | <text>What plants were abundant during this time?</text><reasoning>As a result of continued warming, the polar ice caps melted and much of Gondwana became a desert. In Eastern Antarctica, seed ferns or pteridosperms became abundant and large amounts of sandstone and shale were laid down at this time. Synapsids, commonl... |
What type of reptiles were common during the early Triassic? | <text>What type of reptiles were common during the early Triassic?</text><reasoning>As a result of continued warming, the polar ice caps melted and much of Gondwana became a desert. In Eastern Antarctica, seed ferns or pteridosperms became abundant and large amounts of sandstone and shale were laid down at this time. S... |
When did the Antarctic peninsula form? | <text>When did the Antarctic peninsula form?</text><reasoning>As a result of continued warming, the polar ice caps melted and much of Gondwana became a desert. In Eastern Antarctica, seed ferns or pteridosperms became abundant and large amounts of sandstone and shale were laid down at this time. Synapsids, commonly kno... |
During what period did Gondwana begin to break apart? | <text>During what period did Gondwana begin to break apart?</text><reasoning>As a result of continued warming, the polar ice caps melted and much of Gondwana became a desert. In Eastern Antarctica, seed ferns or pteridosperms became abundant and large amounts of sandstone and shale were laid down at this time. Synapsid... |
In what do some scientists believe ozone depletion may have a role ? | <text>In what do some scientists believe ozone depletion may have a role ?</text><reasoning>Some scientific studies suggest that ozone depletion may have a dominant role in governing climatic change in Antarctica (and a wider area of the Southern Hemisphere). Ozone absorbs large amounts of ultraviolet radiation in the ... |
How much cooling can ozone depletion cause over Antarctica? | <text>How much cooling can ozone depletion cause over Antarctica?</text><reasoning>Some scientific studies suggest that ozone depletion may have a dominant role in governing climatic change in Antarctica (and a wider area of the Southern Hemisphere). Ozone absorbs large amounts of ultraviolet radiation in the stratosph... |
What light does ozone absorb? | <text>What light does ozone absorb?</text><reasoning>Some scientific studies suggest that ozone depletion may have a dominant role in governing climatic change in Antarctica (and a wider area of the Southern Hemisphere). Ozone absorbs large amounts of ultraviolet radiation in the stratosphere. Ozone depletion over Anta... |
What can the wind changes due to cooling cause in the Antarctic ice? | <text>What can the wind changes due to cooling cause in the Antarctic ice?</text><reasoning>Some scientific studies suggest that ozone depletion may have a dominant role in governing climatic change in Antarctica (and a wider area of the Southern Hemisphere). Ozone absorbs large amounts of ultraviolet radiation in the ... |
What does ozone depletion cause in the southern atmosphere? | <text>What does ozone depletion cause in the southern atmosphere?</text><reasoning>Some scientific studies suggest that ozone depletion may have a dominant role in governing climatic change in Antarctica (and a wider area of the Southern Hemisphere). Ozone absorbs large amounts of ultraviolet radiation in the stratosph... |
What astronomical study is important research for Antarctica? | <text>What astronomical study is important research for Antarctica?</text><reasoning>Meteorites from Antarctica are an important area of study of material formed early in the solar system; most are thought to come from asteroids, but some may have originated on larger planets. The first meteorite was found in 1912, and... |
What is the supposed source of most Antarctica meteorites? | <text>What is the supposed source of most Antarctica meteorites?</text><reasoning>Meteorites from Antarctica are an important area of study of material formed early in the solar system; most are thought to come from asteroids, but some may have originated on larger planets. The first meteorite was found in 1912, and na... |
When was the first meteorite found in Antarctica? | <text>When was the first meteorite found in Antarctica?</text><reasoning>Meteorites from Antarctica are an important area of study of material formed early in the solar system; most are thought to come from asteroids, but some may have originated on larger planets. The first meteorite was found in 1912, and named the A... |
What expedition found nine meteorites in 1969? | <text>What expedition found nine meteorites in 1969?</text><reasoning>Meteorites from Antarctica are an important area of study of material formed early in the solar system; most are thought to come from asteroids, but some may have originated on larger planets. The first meteorite was found in 1912, and named the Adel... |
What is it about Antarctic meteorites that is different form meteorites found in other places? | <text>What is it about Antarctic meteorites that is different form meteorites found in other places?</text><reasoning>Meteorites from Antarctica are an important area of study of material formed early in the solar system; most are thought to come from asteroids, but some may have originated on larger planets. The first... |
What is the highest peak in Antarctica? | <text>What is the highest peak in Antarctica?</text><reasoning>Vinson Massif, the highest peak in Antarctica at 4,892 m (16,050 ft), is located in the Ellsworth Mountains. Antarctica contains many other mountains, on both the main continent and the surrounding islands. Mount Erebus on Ross Island is the world's souther... |
How high is the Antarctic mountain Vinson Massif? | <text>How high is the Antarctic mountain Vinson Massif?</text><reasoning>Vinson Massif, the highest peak in Antarctica at 4,892 m (16,050 ft), is located in the Ellsworth Mountains. Antarctica contains many other mountains, on both the main continent and the surrounding islands. Mount Erebus on Ross Island is the world... |
In what mountainous area of Antarctica is Vinson Massif? | <text>In what mountainous area of Antarctica is Vinson Massif?</text><reasoning>Vinson Massif, the highest peak in Antarctica at 4,892 m (16,050 ft), is located in the Ellsworth Mountains. Antarctica contains many other mountains, on both the main continent and the surrounding islands. Mount Erebus on Ross Island is th... |
What type of volcano was located in 2004 by researchers? | <text>What type of volcano was located in 2004 by researchers?</text><reasoning>Vinson Massif, the highest peak in Antarctica at 4,892 m (16,050 ft), is located in the Ellsworth Mountains. Antarctica contains many other mountains, on both the main continent and the surrounding islands. Mount Erebus on Ross Island is th... |
What is the Earth's most southern volcano? | <text>What is the Earth's most southern volcano?</text><reasoning>Vinson Massif, the highest peak in Antarctica at 4,892 m (16,050 ft), is located in the Ellsworth Mountains. Antarctica contains many other mountains, on both the main continent and the surrounding islands. Mount Erebus on Ross Island is the world's sout... |
When did negotiations start to regulate mining in Antarctica? | <text>When did negotiations start to regulate mining in Antarctica?</text><reasoning>In 1983, the Antarctic Treaty Parties began negotiations on a convention to regulate mining in Antarctica. A coalition of international organizations launched a public pressure campaign to prevent any minerals development in the region... |
When was the treaty to regulate mining agreed upon? | <text>When was the treaty to regulate mining agreed upon?</text><reasoning>In 1983, the Antarctic Treaty Parties began negotiations on a convention to regulate mining in Antarctica. A coalition of international organizations launched a public pressure campaign to prevent any minerals development in the region, led larg... |
What group led the fight to prevent mineral development in Antarctica? | <text>What group led the fight to prevent mineral development in Antarctica?</text><reasoning>In 1983, the Antarctic Treaty Parties began negotiations on a convention to regulate mining in Antarctica. A coalition of international organizations launched a public pressure campaign to prevent any minerals development in t... |
Which two countries refused to ratify the treaty to regulate mineral use in Antarctica? | <text>Which two countries refused to ratify the treaty to regulate mineral use in Antarctica?</text><reasoning>In 1983, the Antarctic Treaty Parties began negotiations on a convention to regulate mining in Antarctica. A coalition of international organizations launched a public pressure campaign to prevent any minerals... |
What was the alternate treaty offered by Australia and France? | <text>What was the alternate treaty offered by Australia and France?</text><reasoning>In 1983, the Antarctic Treaty Parties began negotiations on a convention to regulate mining in Antarctica. A coalition of international organizations launched a public pressure campaign to prevent any minerals development in the regio... |
What location means that Antarctica get little solar radiation? | <text>What location means that Antarctica get little solar radiation?</text><reasoning>Due to its location at the South Pole, Antarctica receives relatively little solar radiation. This means that it is a very cold continent where water is mostly in the form of ice. Precipitation is low (most of Antarctica is a desert)... |
In what condition is most water in the Antarctica? | <text>In what condition is most water in the Antarctica?</text><reasoning>Due to its location at the South Pole, Antarctica receives relatively little solar radiation. This means that it is a very cold continent where water is mostly in the form of ice. Precipitation is low (most of Antarctica is a desert) and almost a... |
What is the usual condition of precipitation in the Antarctic? | <text>What is the usual condition of precipitation in the Antarctic?</text><reasoning>Due to its location at the South Pole, Antarctica receives relatively little solar radiation. This means that it is a very cold continent where water is mostly in the form of ice. Precipitation is low (most of Antarctica is a desert) ... |
What does the massed snow in Antarctica produce? | <text>What does the massed snow in Antarctica produce?</text><reasoning>Due to its location at the South Pole, Antarctica receives relatively little solar radiation. This means that it is a very cold continent where water is mostly in the form of ice. Precipitation is low (most of Antarctica is a desert) and almost alw... |
What are ice streams otherwise called? | <text>What are ice streams otherwise called?</text><reasoning>Due to its location at the South Pole, Antarctica receives relatively little solar radiation. This means that it is a very cold continent where water is mostly in the form of ice. Precipitation is low (most of Antarctica is a desert) and almost always in the... |
What animal was greatly hunted during the 18th and 19th centuries? | <text>What animal was greatly hunted during the 18th and 19th centuries?</text><reasoning>The Antarctic fur seal was very heavily hunted in the 18th and 19th centuries for its pelt by sealers from the United States and the United Kingdom. The Weddell seal, a "true seal", is named after Sir James Weddell, commander of B... |
What did Sir James Weddell command? | <text>What did Sir James Weddell command?</text><reasoning>The Antarctic fur seal was very heavily hunted in the 18th and 19th centuries for its pelt by sealers from the United States and the United Kingdom. The Weddell seal, a "true seal", is named after Sir James Weddell, commander of British sealing expeditions in ... |
For whom is the Weddell seal named ? | <text>For whom is the Weddell seal named ?</text><reasoning>The Antarctic fur seal was very heavily hunted in the 18th and 19th centuries for its pelt by sealers from the United States and the United Kingdom. The Weddell seal, a "true seal", is named after Sir James Weddell, commander of British sealing expeditions in ... |
What is a very important species in the Southern Ocean? | <text>What is a very important species in the Southern Ocean?</text><reasoning>The Antarctic fur seal was very heavily hunted in the 18th and 19th centuries for its pelt by sealers from the United States and the United Kingdom. The Weddell seal, a "true seal", is named after Sir James Weddell, commander of British seal... |
Why is the krill so important to the Antarctic area? | <text>Why is the krill so important to the Antarctic area?</text><reasoning>The Antarctic fur seal was very heavily hunted in the 18th and 19th centuries for its pelt by sealers from the United States and the United Kingdom. The Weddell seal, a "true seal", is named after Sir James Weddell, commander of British sealing... |
How do the meteorites found in Antarctica add to knowledge about the solar system? | <text>How do the meteorites found in Antarctica add to knowledge about the solar system?</text><reasoning>This large collection of meteorites allows a better understanding of the abundance of meteorite types in the solar system and how meteorites relate to asteroids and comets. New types of meteorites and rare meteorit... |
From where in the solar system could the meteorites have come? | <text>From where in the solar system could the meteorites have come?</text><reasoning>This large collection of meteorites allows a better understanding of the abundance of meteorite types in the solar system and how meteorites relate to asteroids and comets. New types of meteorites and rare meteorites have been found. ... |
Beside rare types of meteorites, what other types of meteorites have been found in Antarctica? | <text>Beside rare types of meteorites, what other types of meteorites have been found in Antarctica?</text><reasoning>This large collection of meteorites allows a better understanding of the abundance of meteorite types in the solar system and how meteorites relate to asteroids and comets. New types of meteorites and r... |
About what nearby planet could the Antarctic meteorites hold data? | <text>About what nearby planet could the Antarctic meteorites hold data?</text><reasoning>This large collection of meteorites allows a better understanding of the abundance of meteorite types in the solar system and how meteorites relate to asteroids and comets. New types of meteorites and rare meteorites have been fou... |
What do meteorites absorb that can be used to understand how old the meteorite is? | <text>What do meteorites absorb that can be used to understand how old the meteorite is?</text><reasoning>This large collection of meteorites allows a better understanding of the abundance of meteorite types in the solar system and how meteorites relate to asteroids and comets. New types of meteorites and rare meteorit... |
When did the Larsen-B ice shelf collapse? | <text>When did the Larsen-B ice shelf collapse?</text><reasoning>In 2002 the Antarctic Peninsula's Larsen-B ice shelf collapsed. Between 28 February and 8 March 2008, about 570 km2 (220 sq mi) of ice from the Wilkins Ice Shelf on the southwest part of the peninsula collapsed, putting the remaining 15,000 km2 (5,800 sq ... |
What Antarctic ice shelf collapsed in 2008? | <text>What Antarctic ice shelf collapsed in 2008?</text><reasoning>In 2002 the Antarctic Peninsula's Larsen-B ice shelf collapsed. Between 28 February and 8 March 2008, about 570 km2 (220 sq mi) of ice from the Wilkins Ice Shelf on the southwest part of the peninsula collapsed, putting the remaining 15,000 km2 (5,800 s... |
How large was the ice chunk that melted and refroze? | <text>How large was the ice chunk that melted and refroze?</text><reasoning>In 2002 the Antarctic Peninsula's Larsen-B ice shelf collapsed. Between 28 February and 8 March 2008, about 570 km2 (220 sq mi) of ice from the Wilkins Ice Shelf on the southwest part of the peninsula collapsed, putting the remaining 15,000 km2... |
When did the most widespread melting of ice occur? | <text>When did the most widespread melting of ice occur?</text><reasoning>In 2002 the Antarctic Peninsula's Larsen-B ice shelf collapsed. Between 28 February and 8 March 2008, about 570 km2 (220 sq mi) of ice from the Wilkins Ice Shelf on the southwest part of the peninsula collapsed, putting the remaining 15,000 km2 (... |
How high could the temperatures have risen to cause the melting? | <text>How high could the temperatures have risen to cause the melting?</text><reasoning>In 2002 the Antarctic Peninsula's Larsen-B ice shelf collapsed. Between 28 February and 8 March 2008, about 570 km2 (220 sq mi) of ice from the Wilkins Ice Shelf on the southwest part of the peninsula collapsed, putting the remainin... |
Where did the first semi-permanent residents of the Antarctic area live? | <text>Where did the first semi-permanent residents of the Antarctic area live?</text><reasoning>The first semi-permanent inhabitants of regions near Antarctica (areas situated south of the Antarctic Convergence) were British and American sealers who used to spend a year or more on South Georgia, from 1786 onward. Durin... |
In what year did the sealers start staying on South Georgia? | <text>In what year did the sealers start staying on South Georgia?</text><reasoning>The first semi-permanent inhabitants of regions near Antarctica (areas situated south of the Antarctic Convergence) were British and American sealers who used to spend a year or more on South Georgia, from 1786 onward. During the whalin... |
What was the profession of the residents of South Georgia? | <text>What was the profession of the residents of South Georgia?</text><reasoning>The first semi-permanent inhabitants of regions near Antarctica (areas situated south of the Antarctic Convergence) were British and American sealers who used to spend a year or more on South Georgia, from 1786 onward. During the whaling ... |
What was the nationality of most whalers? | <text>What was the nationality of most whalers?</text><reasoning>The first semi-permanent inhabitants of regions near Antarctica (areas situated south of the Antarctic Convergence) were British and American sealers who used to spend a year or more on South Georgia, from 1786 onward. During the whaling era, which lasted... |
When did explorer Carl Anton Larsen become a British citizen? | <text>When did explorer Carl Anton Larsen become a British citizen?</text><reasoning>The first semi-permanent inhabitants of regions near Antarctica (areas situated south of the Antarctic Convergence) were British and American sealers who used to spend a year or more on South Georgia, from 1786 onward. During the whali... |
When was the first time humans visited Antarctica? | <text>When was the first time humans visited Antarctica?</text><reasoning>Antarctica has no indigenous population and there is no evidence that it was seen by humans until the 19th century. However, belief in the existence of a Terra Australis—a vast continent in the far south of the globe to "balance" the northern lan... |
What was Antarctica presumed to be by the ancient thinkers? | <text>What was Antarctica presumed to be by the ancient thinkers?</text><reasoning>Antarctica has no indigenous population and there is no evidence that it was seen by humans until the 19th century. However, belief in the existence of a Terra Australis—a vast continent in the far south of the globe to "balance" the nor... |
What did Ptolemy suggest that a southern land mass would do to preserve? | <text>What did Ptolemy suggest that a southern land mass would do to preserve?</text><reasoning>Antarctica has no indigenous population and there is no evidence that it was seen by humans until the 19th century. However, belief in the existence of a Terra Australis—a vast continent in the far south of the globe to "bal... |
Of what did early explores think Australia and South America were part? | <text>Of what did early explores think Australia and South America were part?</text><reasoning>Antarctica has no indigenous population and there is no evidence that it was seen by humans until the 19th century. However, belief in the existence of a Terra Australis—a vast continent in the far south of the globe to "bala... |
Early geographers thought that Antarctica was what in size? | <text>Early geographers thought that Antarctica was what in size?</text><reasoning>Antarctica has no indigenous population and there is no evidence that it was seen by humans until the 19th century. However, belief in the existence of a Terra Australis—a vast continent in the far south of the globe to "balance" the nor... |
What does the Protocol on Environmental Protection seek to regulate? | <text>What does the Protocol on Environmental Protection seek to regulate?</text><reasoning>Although coal, hydrocarbons, iron ore, platinum, copper, chromium, nickel, gold and other minerals have been found, they have not been in large enough quantities to exploit. The 1991 Protocol on Environmental Protection to the A... |
In what year was an agreement reached to ban mining in Antarctica? | <text>In what year was an agreement reached to ban mining in Antarctica?</text><reasoning>Although coal, hydrocarbons, iron ore, platinum, copper, chromium, nickel, gold and other minerals have been found, they have not been in large enough quantities to exploit. The 1991 Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Ant... |
When will the mining ban be reviewed? | <text>When will the mining ban be reviewed?</text><reasoning>Although coal, hydrocarbons, iron ore, platinum, copper, chromium, nickel, gold and other minerals have been found, they have not been in large enough quantities to exploit. The 1991 Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty also restricts ... |
What is the major economic activity near Antarctica? | <text>What is the major economic activity near Antarctica?</text><reasoning>Although coal, hydrocarbons, iron ore, platinum, copper, chromium, nickel, gold and other minerals have been found, they have not been in large enough quantities to exploit. The 1991 Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty ... |
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