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Who strongly believed Changchub Gyaltsen wanted to restore the glories of its Imperial age to Tibet? | <text>Who strongly believed Changchub Gyaltsen wanted to restore the glories of its Imperial age to Tibet?</text><reasoning>However, Lok-Ham Chan, a professor of history at the University of Washington, writes that Changchub Gyaltsen's aims were to recreate the old Tibetan Kingdom that existed during the Chinese Tang d... |
What university was Lok-Ham Chan a professor at? | <text>What university was Lok-Ham Chan a professor at?</text><reasoning>However, Lok-Ham Chan, a professor of history at the University of Washington, writes that Changchub Gyaltsen's aims were to recreate the old Tibetan Kingdom that existed during the Chinese Tang dynasty, to build "nationalist sentiment" amongst Tib... |
What did Lok-Ham Chan claim Changchub Gyaltsen wanted to remove? | <text>What did Lok-Ham Chan claim Changchub Gyaltsen wanted to remove?</text><reasoning>However, Lok-Ham Chan, a professor of history at the University of Washington, writes that Changchub Gyaltsen's aims were to recreate the old Tibetan Kingdom that existed during the Chinese Tang dynasty, to build "nationalist senti... |
When did the Ming first request Tsongkhapa to come to court? | <text>When did the Ming first request Tsongkhapa to come to court?</text><reasoning>A. Tom Grunfeld says that Tsongkhapa claimed ill health in his refusal to appear at the Ming court, while Rossabi adds that Tsongkhapa cited the "length and arduousness of the journey" to China as another reason not to make an appearanc... |
When did the Ming court send a second request to Tsongkhapa? | <text>When did the Ming court send a second request to Tsongkhapa?</text><reasoning>A. Tom Grunfeld says that Tsongkhapa claimed ill health in his refusal to appear at the Ming court, while Rossabi adds that Tsongkhapa cited the "length and arduousness of the journey" to China as another reason not to make an appearanc... |
Who did Tsongkhapa send in his place to Nanjing? | <text>Who did Tsongkhapa send in his place to Nanjing?</text><reasoning>A. Tom Grunfeld says that Tsongkhapa claimed ill health in his refusal to appear at the Ming court, while Rossabi adds that Tsongkhapa cited the "length and arduousness of the journey" to China as another reason not to make an appearance. This firs... |
When was Chosrje Shākya Yeshes sent to Nanjing? | <text>When was Chosrje Shākya Yeshes sent to Nanjing?</text><reasoning>A. Tom Grunfeld says that Tsongkhapa claimed ill health in his refusal to appear at the Ming court, while Rossabi adds that Tsongkhapa cited the "length and arduousness of the journey" to China as another reason not to make an appearance. This first... |
How did the The Columbia Encyclopedia describe the Yuan dynasty? | <text>How did the The Columbia Encyclopedia describe the Yuan dynasty?</text><reasoning>The Columbia Encyclopedia distinguishes between the Yuan dynasty and the other Mongol Empire khanates of Ilkhanate, Chagatai Khanate and the Golden Horde. It describes the Yuan dynasty as "A Mongol dynasty of China that ruled from 1... |
How did the Encyclopedia Americana describe the Yuan Dynasty? | <text>How did the Encyclopedia Americana describe the Yuan Dynasty?</text><reasoning>The Columbia Encyclopedia distinguishes between the Yuan dynasty and the other Mongol Empire khanates of Ilkhanate, Chagatai Khanate and the Golden Horde. It describes the Yuan dynasty as "A Mongol dynasty of China that ruled from 1271... |
What did Thomas Laird dismiss the Yuan dynasty as? | <text>What did Thomas Laird dismiss the Yuan dynasty as?</text><reasoning>The Columbia Encyclopedia distinguishes between the Yuan dynasty and the other Mongol Empire khanates of Ilkhanate, Chagatai Khanate and the Golden Horde. It describes the Yuan dynasty as "A Mongol dynasty of China that ruled from 1271 to 1368, a... |
Who wrote the book Khubilai Khan? | <text>Who wrote the book Khubilai Khan?</text><reasoning>The Columbia Encyclopedia distinguishes between the Yuan dynasty and the other Mongol Empire khanates of Ilkhanate, Chagatai Khanate and the Golden Horde. It describes the Yuan dynasty as "A Mongol dynasty of China that ruled from 1271 to 1368, and a division of ... |
When did the yuan dynasty start and end? | <text>When did the yuan dynasty start and end?</text><reasoning>The Columbia Encyclopedia distinguishes between the Yuan dynasty and the other Mongol Empire khanates of Ilkhanate, Chagatai Khanate and the Golden Horde. It describes the Yuan dynasty as "A Mongol dynasty of China that ruled from 1271 to 1368, and a divis... |
At what temple did the ceremonies for the Yongle Emperor's deceased parents take place? | <text>At what temple did the ceremonies for the Yongle Emperor's deceased parents take place?</text><reasoning>Throughout the following month, the Yongle Emperor and his court showered the Karmapa with presents. At Linggu Temple in Nanjing, he presided over the religious ceremonies for the Yongle Emperor's deceased par... |
Where was the Linggu Temple located? | <text>Where was the Linggu Temple located?</text><reasoning>Throughout the following month, the Yongle Emperor and his court showered the Karmapa with presents. At Linggu Temple in Nanjing, he presided over the religious ceremonies for the Yongle Emperor's deceased parents, while twenty-two days of his stay were marked... |
What title was Deshin Shekpa given at Nanjing? | <text>What title was Deshin Shekpa given at Nanjing?</text><reasoning>Throughout the following month, the Yongle Emperor and his court showered the Karmapa with presents. At Linggu Temple in Nanjing, he presided over the religious ceremonies for the Yongle Emperor's deceased parents, while twenty-two days of his stay w... |
Who did Deshin Shekpa persuade the Yongle Emperor to give the title to? | <text>Who did Deshin Shekpa persuade the Yongle Emperor to give the title to?</text><reasoning>Throughout the following month, the Yongle Emperor and his court showered the Karmapa with presents. At Linggu Temple in Nanjing, he presided over the religious ceremonies for the Yongle Emperor's deceased parents, while twen... |
During Which dynasty does Josef Kolmaš claim Tibet was considered an organic part of China? | <text>During Which dynasty does Josef Kolmaš claim Tibet was considered an organic part of China?</text><reasoning>Josef Kolmaš, a sinologist, Tibetologist, and Professor of Oriental Studies at the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, writes that it was during the Qing dynasty "that developments took place on the... |
Josef Kolmaš states that Tibet became subject to what government? | <text>Josef Kolmaš states that Tibet became subject to what government?</text><reasoning>Josef Kolmaš, a sinologist, Tibetologist, and Professor of Oriental Studies at the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, writes that it was during the Qing dynasty "that developments took place on the basis of which Tibet cam... |
Who was Altan Khan's nominal superior? | <text>Who was Altan Khan's nominal superior?</text><reasoning>Rawski writes that Altan Khan's conversion to the Gelug "can be interpreted as an attempt to expand his authority in his conflict with his nominal superior, Tümen Khan." To further cement the Mongol-Tibetan alliance, the great-grandson of Altan Khan—the 4th ... |
To make the Mongol-Tibetan alliance stronger who became the 4th Dalai Lama? | <text>To make the Mongol-Tibetan alliance stronger who became the 4th Dalai Lama?</text><reasoning>Rawski writes that Altan Khan's conversion to the Gelug "can be interpreted as an attempt to expand his authority in his conflict with his nominal superior, Tümen Khan." To further cement the Mongol-Tibetan alliance, the ... |
Who was the first Dalai Lama to have political control over Tibet? | <text>Who was the first Dalai Lama to have political control over Tibet?</text><reasoning>Rawski writes that Altan Khan's conversion to the Gelug "can be interpreted as an attempt to expand his authority in his conflict with his nominal superior, Tümen Khan." To further cement the Mongol-Tibetan alliance, the great-gra... |
When did the 5th Dalai Lama gain political control over Tibet? | <text>When did the 5th Dalai Lama gain political control over Tibet?</text><reasoning>Rawski writes that Altan Khan's conversion to the Gelug "can be interpreted as an attempt to expand his authority in his conflict with his nominal superior, Tümen Khan." To further cement the Mongol-Tibetan alliance, the great-grandso... |
What title was the fourth Dalai Lama granted? | <text>What title was the fourth Dalai Lama granted?</text><reasoning>Chen states that the fourth Dalai Lama Yonten Gyatso was granted the title "Master of Vajradhara" and an official seal by the Wanli Emperor in 1616. This was noted in the Biography of the Fourth Dalai Lama, which stated that one Soinam Lozui delivered... |
Who was the fourth Dalai Lama? | <text>Who was the fourth Dalai Lama?</text><reasoning>Chen states that the fourth Dalai Lama Yonten Gyatso was granted the title "Master of Vajradhara" and an official seal by the Wanli Emperor in 1616. This was noted in the Biography of the Fourth Dalai Lama, which stated that one Soinam Lozui delivered the seal of th... |
When did the Wanli Emperor grant the title Master of Vajradhara to Yonten Gyatso? | <text>When did the Wanli Emperor grant the title Master of Vajradhara to Yonten Gyatso?</text><reasoning>Chen states that the fourth Dalai Lama Yonten Gyatso was granted the title "Master of Vajradhara" and an official seal by the Wanli Emperor in 1616. This was noted in the Biography of the Fourth Dalai Lama, which st... |
Who did the Wanli Emperor invite to Beijing in 1616? | <text>Who did the Wanli Emperor invite to Beijing in 1616?</text><reasoning>Chen states that the fourth Dalai Lama Yonten Gyatso was granted the title "Master of Vajradhara" and an official seal by the Wanli Emperor in 1616. This was noted in the Biography of the Fourth Dalai Lama, which stated that one Soinam Lozui de... |
Why didn't Yonten Gyatso make it to Beijing? | <text>Why didn't Yonten Gyatso make it to Beijing?</text><reasoning>Chen states that the fourth Dalai Lama Yonten Gyatso was granted the title "Master of Vajradhara" and an official seal by the Wanli Emperor in 1616. This was noted in the Biography of the Fourth Dalai Lama, which stated that one Soinam Lozui delivered ... |
When was Tibet included into the territory of Yuan dynasty's China? | <text>When was Tibet included into the territory of Yuan dynasty's China?</text><reasoning>China Daily, a CCP-controlled news organization since 1981, states in a 2008 article that although there were dynastic changes after Tibet was incorporated into the territory of Yuan dynasty's China in the 13th century, "Tibet ha... |
Who was said to have gained the right to rule Tibet? | <text>Who was said to have gained the right to rule Tibet?</text><reasoning>China Daily, a CCP-controlled news organization since 1981, states in a 2008 article that although there were dynastic changes after Tibet was incorporated into the territory of Yuan dynasty's China in the 13th century, "Tibet has remained unde... |
When was China Daily started? | <text>When was China Daily started?</text><reasoning>China Daily, a CCP-controlled news organization since 1981, states in a 2008 article that although there were dynastic changes after Tibet was incorporated into the territory of Yuan dynasty's China in the 13th century, "Tibet has remained under the jurisdiction of t... |
Who does the article claim had two itinerant high commands over Tibet? | <text>Who does the article claim had two itinerant high commands over Tibet?</text><reasoning>China Daily, a CCP-controlled news organization since 1981, states in a 2008 article that although there were dynastic changes after Tibet was incorporated into the territory of Yuan dynasty's China in the 13th century, "Tibet... |
According to article Tibet has remained under what jurisdiction? | <text>According to article Tibet has remained under what jurisdiction?</text><reasoning>China Daily, a CCP-controlled news organization since 1981, states in a 2008 article that although there were dynastic changes after Tibet was incorporated into the territory of Yuan dynasty's China in the 13th century, "Tibet has r... |
When did Deshin Shekpa travels start? | <text>When did Deshin Shekpa travels start?</text><reasoning>During his travels beginning in 1403, Deshin Shekpa was induced by further exhortations by the Ming court to visit Nanjing by April 10, 1407. Norbu writes that the Yongle Emperor, following the tradition of Mongol emperors and their reverence for the Sakya la... |
Where did the Yongle Emperor greet the Karmapa? | <text>Where did the Yongle Emperor greet the Karmapa?</text><reasoning>During his travels beginning in 1403, Deshin Shekpa was induced by further exhortations by the Ming court to visit Nanjing by April 10, 1407. Norbu writes that the Yongle Emperor, following the tradition of Mongol emperors and their reverence for th... |
Who did the Emperor give the place of honor at his left to? | <text>Who did the Emperor give the place of honor at his left to?</text><reasoning>During his travels beginning in 1403, Deshin Shekpa was induced by further exhortations by the Ming court to visit Nanjing by April 10, 1407. Norbu writes that the Yongle Emperor, following the tradition of Mongol emperors and their reve... |
Who sat on a lower platform than the Tibetan cleric? | <text>Who sat on a lower platform than the Tibetan cleric?</text><reasoning>During his travels beginning in 1403, Deshin Shekpa was induced by further exhortations by the Ming court to visit Nanjing by April 10, 1407. Norbu writes that the Yongle Emperor, following the tradition of Mongol emperors and their reverence f... |
Who showed a great amount of respect to Deshin Shekpa? | <text>Who showed a great amount of respect to Deshin Shekpa?</text><reasoning>During his travels beginning in 1403, Deshin Shekpa was induced by further exhortations by the Ming court to visit Nanjing by April 10, 1407. Norbu writes that the Yongle Emperor, following the tradition of Mongol emperors and their reverence... |
Who was Zhengde's successor? | <text>Who was Zhengde's successor?</text><reasoning>With the death of Zhengde and ascension of Jiajing, the politics at court shifted in favor of the Neo-Confucian establishment which not only rejected the Portuguese embassy of Fernão Pires de Andrade (d. 1523), but had a predisposed animosity towards Tibetan Buddhism ... |
What establishment did the politics at court shift in favor of? | <text>What establishment did the politics at court shift in favor of?</text><reasoning>With the death of Zhengde and ascension of Jiajing, the politics at court shifted in favor of the Neo-Confucian establishment which not only rejected the Portuguese embassy of Fernão Pires de Andrade (d. 1523), but had a predisposed ... |
Which embassy did the Neo-Confucian establishment reject? | <text>Which embassy did the Neo-Confucian establishment reject?</text><reasoning>With the death of Zhengde and ascension of Jiajing, the politics at court shifted in favor of the Neo-Confucian establishment which not only rejected the Portuguese embassy of Fernão Pires de Andrade (d. 1523), but had a predisposed animos... |
Who did the Neo-Confucian establishment have animosity towards? | <text>Who did the Neo-Confucian establishment have animosity towards?</text><reasoning>With the death of Zhengde and ascension of Jiajing, the politics at court shifted in favor of the Neo-Confucian establishment which not only rejected the Portuguese embassy of Fernão Pires de Andrade (d. 1523), but had a predisposed ... |
Evelyn S. Rawski claims that Ming's relationship with Tibetan prelates ended during who's reign? | <text>Evelyn S. Rawski claims that Ming's relationship with Tibetan prelates ended during who's reign?</text><reasoning>With the death of Zhengde and ascension of Jiajing, the politics at court shifted in favor of the Neo-Confucian establishment which not only rejected the Portuguese embassy of Fernão Pires de Andrade ... |
What practice did Altan Khan put to an end? | <text>What practice did Altan Khan put to an end?</text><reasoning>Laird writes that Altan Khan abolished the native Mongol practices of shamanism and blood sacrifice, while the Mongol princes and subjects were coerced by Altan to convert to Gelug Buddhism—or face execution if they persisted in their shamanistic ways. ... |
Who did Altan Khan persuade to convert to Gelug Buddhism? | <text>Who did Altan Khan persuade to convert to Gelug Buddhism?</text><reasoning>Laird writes that Altan Khan abolished the native Mongol practices of shamanism and blood sacrifice, while the Mongol princes and subjects were coerced by Altan to convert to Gelug Buddhism—or face execution if they persisted in their sham... |
What did Altan Khan threaten the Mongol princes and subjects with if they did not convert? | <text>What did Altan Khan threaten the Mongol princes and subjects with if they did not convert?</text><reasoning>Laird writes that Altan Khan abolished the native Mongol practices of shamanism and blood sacrifice, while the Mongol princes and subjects were coerced by Altan to convert to Gelug Buddhism—or face executio... |
Who did the Mongol princes ask to grant them titles? | <text>Who did the Mongol princes ask to grant them titles?</text><reasoning>Laird writes that Altan Khan abolished the native Mongol practices of shamanism and blood sacrifice, while the Mongol princes and subjects were coerced by Altan to convert to Gelug Buddhism—or face execution if they persisted in their shamanist... |
Why did the Mongol princes ask for titles? | <text>Why did the Mongol princes ask for titles?</text><reasoning>Laird writes that Altan Khan abolished the native Mongol practices of shamanism and blood sacrifice, while the Mongol princes and subjects were coerced by Altan to convert to Gelug Buddhism—or face execution if they persisted in their shamanistic ways. C... |
Who did the Ming dynasty showed favors to? | <text>Who did the Ming dynasty showed favors to?</text><reasoning>Of the third Dalai Lama, China Daily states that the "Ming dynasty showed him special favor by allowing him to pay tribute." China Daily then says that Sonam Gyatso was granted the title Dorjichang or Vajradhara Dalai Lama in 1587 [sic!], but China Daily... |
What was the the third Dalai Lama allowed to do? | <text>What was the the third Dalai Lama allowed to do?</text><reasoning>Of the third Dalai Lama, China Daily states that the "Ming dynasty showed him special favor by allowing him to pay tribute." China Daily then says that Sonam Gyatso was granted the title Dorjichang or Vajradhara Dalai Lama in 1587 [sic!], but China... |
What title was Sonam Gyatso granted in 1587? | <text>What title was Sonam Gyatso granted in 1587?</text><reasoning>Of the third Dalai Lama, China Daily states that the "Ming dynasty showed him special favor by allowing him to pay tribute." China Daily then says that Sonam Gyatso was granted the title Dorjichang or Vajradhara Dalai Lama in 1587 [sic!], but China Dai... |
In 1653 who did the Qing emperor grant a title to? | <text>In 1653 who did the Qing emperor grant a title to?</text><reasoning>Of the third Dalai Lama, China Daily states that the "Ming dynasty showed him special favor by allowing him to pay tribute." China Daily then says that Sonam Gyatso was granted the title Dorjichang or Vajradhara Dalai Lama in 1587 [sic!], but Chi... |
In 1713 who did the Qing emperor grant a title to? | <text>In 1713 who did the Qing emperor grant a title to?</text><reasoning>Of the third Dalai Lama, China Daily states that the "Ming dynasty showed him special favor by allowing him to pay tribute." China Daily then says that Sonam Gyatso was granted the title Dorjichang or Vajradhara Dalai Lama in 1587 [sic!], but Chi... |
Who said Tibet wasn't an integral part of of China? | <text>Who said Tibet wasn't an integral part of of China?</text><reasoning>Elliot Sperling, a specialist of Indian studies and the director of the Tibetan Studies program at Indiana University’s Department of Central Eurasia Studies, writes that "the idea that Tibet became part of China in the 13th century is a very r... |
What does Sperling claim did not have any control over Tibet? | <text>What does Sperling claim did not have any control over Tibet?</text><reasoning>Elliot Sperling, a specialist of Indian studies and the director of the Tibetan Studies program at Indiana University’s Department of Central Eurasia Studies, writes that "the idea that Tibet became part of China in the 13th century is... |
Since what century has Sperling described Ming and Tibet's relation being problematic for China? | <text>Since what century has Sperling described Ming and Tibet's relation being problematic for China?</text><reasoning>Elliot Sperling, a specialist of Indian studies and the director of the Tibetan Studies program at Indiana University’s Department of Central Eurasia Studies, writes that "the idea that Tibet became p... |
When was the Manchu Qing dynasty invasion? | <text>When was the Manchu Qing dynasty invasion?</text><reasoning>Elliot Sperling, a specialist of Indian studies and the director of the Tibetan Studies program at Indiana University’s Department of Central Eurasia Studies, writes that "the idea that Tibet became part of China in the 13th century is a very recent cons... |
In addition to playing music, what other function can the iPod perform? | <text>In addition to playing music, what other function can the iPod perform?</text><reasoning>Like other digital music players, iPods can serve as external data storage devices. Storage capacity varies by model, ranging from 2 GB for the iPod Shuffle to 128 GB for the iPod Touch (previously 160 GB for the iPod Classic... |
What is the smallest data capacity for an iPod product? | <text>What is the smallest data capacity for an iPod product?</text><reasoning>Like other digital music players, iPods can serve as external data storage devices. Storage capacity varies by model, ranging from 2 GB for the iPod Shuffle to 128 GB for the iPod Touch (previously 160 GB for the iPod Classic, which is now d... |
What is the largest data capacity for an iPod product? | <text>What is the largest data capacity for an iPod product?</text><reasoning>Like other digital music players, iPods can serve as external data storage devices. Storage capacity varies by model, ranging from 2 GB for the iPod Shuffle to 128 GB for the iPod Touch (previously 160 GB for the iPod Classic, which is now di... |
Which iPod product features the smallest data storage capacity? | <text>Which iPod product features the smallest data storage capacity?</text><reasoning>Like other digital music players, iPods can serve as external data storage devices. Storage capacity varies by model, ranging from 2 GB for the iPod Shuffle to 128 GB for the iPod Touch (previously 160 GB for the iPod Classic, which ... |
Which current iPod product features the largest data storage capacity? | <text>Which current iPod product features the largest data storage capacity?</text><reasoning>Like other digital music players, iPods can serve as external data storage devices. Storage capacity varies by model, ranging from 2 GB for the iPod Shuffle to 128 GB for the iPod Touch (previously 160 GB for the iPod Classic,... |
What's the storage capacity of the iPod Shuffle? | <text>What's the storage capacity of the iPod Shuffle?</text><reasoning>Like other digital music players, iPods can serve as external data storage devices. Storage capacity varies by model, ranging from 2 GB for the iPod Shuffle to 128 GB for the iPod Touch (previously 160 GB for the iPod Classic, which is now disconti... |
What's the storage capacity for the iPod Touch? | <text>What's the storage capacity for the iPod Touch?</text><reasoning>Like other digital music players, iPods can serve as external data storage devices. Storage capacity varies by model, ranging from 2 GB for the iPod Shuffle to 128 GB for the iPod Touch (previously 160 GB for the iPod Classic, which is now discontin... |
When did the Jiajing Emperor reign? | <text>When did the Jiajing Emperor reign?</text><reasoning>During the reign of the Jiajing Emperor (r. 1521–1567), the native Chinese ideology of Daoism was fully sponsored at the Ming court, while Tibetan Vajrayana and even Chinese Buddhism were ignored or suppressed. Even the History of Ming states that the Tibetan l... |
What ideology was sponsored at the Ming court? | <text>What ideology was sponsored at the Ming court?</text><reasoning>During the reign of the Jiajing Emperor (r. 1521–1567), the native Chinese ideology of Daoism was fully sponsored at the Ming court, while Tibetan Vajrayana and even Chinese Buddhism were ignored or suppressed. Even the History of Ming states that th... |
Who stopped their trips to Ming China? | <text>Who stopped their trips to Ming China?</text><reasoning>During the reign of the Jiajing Emperor (r. 1521–1567), the native Chinese ideology of Daoism was fully sponsored at the Ming court, while Tibetan Vajrayana and even Chinese Buddhism were ignored or suppressed. Even the History of Ming states that the Tibeta... |
Who was the Grand Secretary under Jiajing? | <text>Who was the Grand Secretary under Jiajing?</text><reasoning>During the reign of the Jiajing Emperor (r. 1521–1567), the native Chinese ideology of Daoism was fully sponsored at the Ming court, while Tibetan Vajrayana and even Chinese Buddhism were ignored or suppressed. Even the History of Ming states that the Ti... |
Who broke the eunuch influence at court? | <text>Who broke the eunuch influence at court?</text><reasoning>During the reign of the Jiajing Emperor (r. 1521–1567), the native Chinese ideology of Daoism was fully sponsored at the Ming court, while Tibetan Vajrayana and even Chinese Buddhism were ignored or suppressed. Even the History of Ming states that the Tibe... |
Who's presence increased in Tibet? | <text>Who's presence increased in Tibet?</text><reasoning>Kolmaš writes that, as the Mongol presence in Tibet increased, culminating in the conquest of Tibet by a Mongol leader in 1642, the Ming emperors "viewed with apparent unconcern these developments in Tibet." He adds that the Ming court's lack of concern for Tibe... |
What were the Mongols trying to reclaim? | <text>What were the Mongols trying to reclaim?</text><reasoning>Kolmaš writes that, as the Mongol presence in Tibet increased, culminating in the conquest of Tibet by a Mongol leader in 1642, the Ming emperors "viewed with apparent unconcern these developments in Tibet." He adds that the Ming court's lack of concern fo... |
When did the conquest of Tibet reach its peak? | <text>When did the conquest of Tibet reach its peak?</text><reasoning>Kolmaš writes that, as the Mongol presence in Tibet increased, culminating in the conquest of Tibet by a Mongol leader in 1642, the Ming emperors "viewed with apparent unconcern these developments in Tibet." He adds that the Ming court's lack of conc... |
Who's lack of concern helped the Mongols jump at a chance to reclaim their old vassal of Tibet? | <text>Who's lack of concern helped the Mongols jump at a chance to reclaim their old vassal of Tibet?</text><reasoning>Kolmaš writes that, as the Mongol presence in Tibet increased, culminating in the conquest of Tibet by a Mongol leader in 1642, the Ming emperors "viewed with apparent unconcern these developments in T... |
What did the mid Ming dynasty discussion focus mainly on? | <text>What did the mid Ming dynasty discussion focus mainly on?</text><reasoning>Discussions of strategy in the mid Ming dynasty focused primarily on recovery of the Ordos region, which the Mongols used as a rallying base to stage raids into Ming China. Norbu states that the Ming dynasty, preoccupied with the Mongol th... |
Who used the the Ordos region as a place to stage raids? | <text>Who used the the Ordos region as a place to stage raids?</text><reasoning>Discussions of strategy in the mid Ming dynasty focused primarily on recovery of the Ordos region, which the Mongols used as a rallying base to stage raids into Ming China. Norbu states that the Ming dynasty, preoccupied with the Mongol thr... |
Where were the Mongols trying to raise? | <text>Where were the Mongols trying to raise?</text><reasoning>Discussions of strategy in the mid Ming dynasty focused primarily on recovery of the Ordos region, which the Mongols used as a rallying base to stage raids into Ming China. Norbu states that the Ming dynasty, preoccupied with the Mongol threat to the north,... |
Why did P. Christiaan Klieger believe that the Ming court supported high Tibetan lamas? | <text>Why did P. Christiaan Klieger believe that the Ming court supported high Tibetan lamas?</text><reasoning>Discussions of strategy in the mid Ming dynasty focused primarily on recovery of the Ordos region, which the Mongols used as a rallying base to stage raids into Ming China. Norbu states that the Ming dynasty, ... |
When did the Zhengde Emperor rule? | <text>When did the Zhengde Emperor rule?</text><reasoning>The Zhengde Emperor (r. 1505–1521), who enjoyed the company of lamas at court despite protests from the censorate, had heard tales of a "living Buddha" which he desired to host at the Ming capital; this was none other than the Rinpung-supported Mikyö Dorje, 8th ... |
Who's company did the Zhengde Emperor enjoy? | <text>Who's company did the Zhengde Emperor enjoy?</text><reasoning>The Zhengde Emperor (r. 1505–1521), who enjoyed the company of lamas at court despite protests from the censorate, had heard tales of a "living Buddha" which he desired to host at the Ming capital; this was none other than the Rinpung-supported Mikyö D... |
Who was the 8th Karmapa Lama? | <text>Who was the 8th Karmapa Lama?</text><reasoning>The Zhengde Emperor (r. 1505–1521), who enjoyed the company of lamas at court despite protests from the censorate, had heard tales of a "living Buddha" which he desired to host at the Ming capital; this was none other than the Rinpung-supported Mikyö Dorje, 8th Karma... |
What Apple program is used to communicate between computers and portable devices? | <text>What Apple program is used to communicate between computers and portable devices?</text><reasoning>Apple's iTunes software (and other alternative software) can be used to transfer music, photos, videos, games, contact information, e-mail settings, Web bookmarks, and calendars, to the devices supporting these feat... |
Which operating systems are compatible with iTunes? | <text>Which operating systems are compatible with iTunes?</text><reasoning>Apple's iTunes software (and other alternative software) can be used to transfer music, photos, videos, games, contact information, e-mail settings, Web bookmarks, and calendars, to the devices supporting these features from computers using cert... |
What's the name of the software used to manage music and other media on Apple devices? | <text>What's the name of the software used to manage music and other media on Apple devices?</text><reasoning>Apple's iTunes software (and other alternative software) can be used to transfer music, photos, videos, games, contact information, e-mail settings, Web bookmarks, and calendars, to the devices supporting these... |
What audio deficiency was found in the 3rd gen iPods? | <text>What audio deficiency was found in the 3rd gen iPods?</text><reasoning>The third-generation iPod had a weak bass response, as shown in audio tests. The combination of the undersized DC-blocking capacitors and the typical low-impedance of most consumer headphones form a high-pass filter, which attenuates the low-f... |
What kind of headphones could partially mitigate the bass response issues of the 3rd gen iPods? | <text>What kind of headphones could partially mitigate the bass response issues of the 3rd gen iPods?</text><reasoning>The third-generation iPod had a weak bass response, as shown in audio tests. The combination of the undersized DC-blocking capacitors and the typical low-impedance of most consumer headphones form a hi... |
What is an example of a device that could entirely mitigate the bass response issues of the 3rd gen iPods? | <text>What is an example of a device that could entirely mitigate the bass response issues of the 3rd gen iPods?</text><reasoning>The third-generation iPod had a weak bass response, as shown in audio tests. The combination of the undersized DC-blocking capacitors and the typical low-impedance of most consumer headphone... |
What part of audio output was substandard on 3rd generation iPods? | <text>What part of audio output was substandard on 3rd generation iPods?</text><reasoning>The third-generation iPod had a weak bass response, as shown in audio tests. The combination of the undersized DC-blocking capacitors and the typical low-impedance of most consumer headphones form a high-pass filter, which attenua... |
What component was to blame for the weak bass of the 3rd generation iPod? | <text>What component was to blame for the weak bass of the 3rd generation iPod?</text><reasoning>The third-generation iPod had a weak bass response, as shown in audio tests. The combination of the undersized DC-blocking capacitors and the typical low-impedance of most consumer headphones form a high-pass filter, which ... |
Who does P. Christiaan Klieger claim to have had a mutual role of religious prelate? | <text>Who does P. Christiaan Klieger claim to have had a mutual role of religious prelate?</text><reasoning>P. Christiaan Klieger, an anthropologist and scholar of the California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco, writes that the vice royalty of the Sakya regime installed by the Mongols established a patron and prie... |
Who does P. Christiaan Klieger believe undertook the former imperial tributaries? | <text>Who does P. Christiaan Klieger believe undertook the former imperial tributaries?</text><reasoning>P. Christiaan Klieger, an anthropologist and scholar of the California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco, writes that the vice royalty of the Sakya regime installed by the Mongols established a patron and priest ... |
Where does P. Christiaan Klieger work? | <text>Where does P. Christiaan Klieger work?</text><reasoning>P. Christiaan Klieger, an anthropologist and scholar of the California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco, writes that the vice royalty of the Sakya regime installed by the Mongols established a patron and priest relationship between Tibetans and Mongol co... |
Who was the vice royalty of the Sakya regime established by? | <text>Who was the vice royalty of the Sakya regime established by?</text><reasoning>P. Christiaan Klieger, an anthropologist and scholar of the California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco, writes that the vice royalty of the Sakya regime installed by the Mongols established a patron and priest relationship between... |
The Sakya regime established what kind of relationship between the Tibetans and Mongol converts? | <text>The Sakya regime established what kind of relationship between the Tibetans and Mongol converts?</text><reasoning>P. Christiaan Klieger, an anthropologist and scholar of the California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco, writes that the vice royalty of the Sakya regime installed by the Mongols established a pat... |
Why did Yongle order the construction? | <text>Why did Yongle order the construction?</text><reasoning>Tsai writes that shortly after the visit by Deshin Shekpa, the Yongle Emperor ordered the construction of a road and of trading posts in the upper reaches of the Yangzi and Mekong Rivers in order to facilitate trade with Tibet in tea, horses, and salt. The t... |
What did Yongle want to trade with Tibet? | <text>What did Yongle want to trade with Tibet?</text><reasoning>Tsai writes that shortly after the visit by Deshin Shekpa, the Yongle Emperor ordered the construction of a road and of trading posts in the upper reaches of the Yangzi and Mekong Rivers in order to facilitate trade with Tibet in tea, horses, and salt. Th... |
where did the trade route pass through? | <text>where did the trade route pass through?</text><reasoning>Tsai writes that shortly after the visit by Deshin Shekpa, the Yongle Emperor ordered the construction of a road and of trading posts in the upper reaches of the Yangzi and Mekong Rivers in order to facilitate trade with Tibet in tea, horses, and salt. The ... |
Which iPod accessory was made by Apple but is no longer produced? | <text>Which iPod accessory was made by Apple but is no longer produced?</text><reasoning>The dock connector also allowed the iPod to connect to accessories, which often supplement the iPod's music, video, and photo playback. Apple sells a few accessories, such as the now-discontinued iPod Hi-Fi, but most are manufactur... |
What are two companies that make iPod accessories? | <text>What are two companies that make iPod accessories?</text><reasoning>The dock connector also allowed the iPod to connect to accessories, which often supplement the iPod's music, video, and photo playback. Apple sells a few accessories, such as the now-discontinued iPod Hi-Fi, but most are manufactured by third par... |
What part of the iPod is needed to communicate with peripherals? | <text>What part of the iPod is needed to communicate with peripherals?</text><reasoning>The dock connector also allowed the iPod to connect to accessories, which often supplement the iPod's music, video, and photo playback. Apple sells a few accessories, such as the now-discontinued iPod Hi-Fi, but most are manufacture... |
What is the condition for third parties using the dock connector? | <text>What is the condition for third parties using the dock connector?</text><reasoning>The dock connector also allowed the iPod to connect to accessories, which often supplement the iPod's music, video, and photo playback. Apple sells a few accessories, such as the now-discontinued iPod Hi-Fi, but most are manufactur... |
The majority of peripherals for iPod are produced by what kinds of companies? | <text>The majority of peripherals for iPod are produced by what kinds of companies?</text><reasoning>The dock connector also allowed the iPod to connect to accessories, which often supplement the iPod's music, video, and photo playback. Apple sells a few accessories, such as the now-discontinued iPod Hi-Fi, but most ar... |
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