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What did Chopin tend to avoid? | <text>What did Chopin tend to avoid?</text><reasoning>Jonathan Bellman writes that modern concert performance style—set in the "conservatory" tradition of late 19th- and 20th-century music schools, and suitable for large auditoria or recordings—militates against what is known of Chopin's more intimate performance techn... |
What has been falsely credited to Chopin? | <text>What has been falsely credited to Chopin?</text><reasoning>Jonathan Bellman writes that modern concert performance style—set in the "conservatory" tradition of late 19th- and 20th-century music schools, and suitable for large auditoria or recordings—militates against what is known of Chopin's more intimate perfor... |
What did Chopin tell a student is given up in concerts? | <text>What did Chopin tell a student is given up in concerts?</text><reasoning>Jonathan Bellman writes that modern concert performance style—set in the "conservatory" tradition of late 19th- and 20th-century music schools, and suitable for large auditoria or recordings—militates against what is known of Chopin's more i... |
Who wrote about Chopin's "chromatic embroidery"? | <text>Who wrote about Chopin's "chromatic embroidery"?</text><reasoning>Jonathan Bellman writes that modern concert performance style—set in the "conservatory" tradition of late 19th- and 20th-century music schools, and suitable for large auditoria or recordings—militates against what is known of Chopin's more intimate... |
Who wrote that Chopin's music, when played by him, became a "colorful wreath of flowers"? | <text>Who wrote that Chopin's music, when played by him, became a "colorful wreath of flowers"?</text><reasoning>Jonathan Bellman writes that modern concert performance style—set in the "conservatory" tradition of late 19th- and 20th-century music schools, and suitable for large auditoria or recordings—militates agains... |
According to who did Chopin demand strictly sticking with rhythm? | <text>According to who did Chopin demand strictly sticking with rhythm?</text><reasoning>Friederike Müller, a pupil of Chopin, wrote: "[His] playing was always noble and beautiful; his tones sang, whether in full forte or softest piano. He took infinite pains to teach his pupils this legato, cantabile style of playing.... |
Which student said Chopin made sure his students knew his legato, cantabile style of playing? | <text>Which student said Chopin made sure his students knew his legato, cantabile style of playing?</text><reasoning>Friederike Müller, a pupil of Chopin, wrote: "[His] playing was always noble and beautiful; his tones sang, whether in full forte or softest piano. He took infinite pains to teach his pupils this legato,... |
According to Friederike Müller, Chopin insisted his students have the strictest adherence to what? | <text>According to Friederike Müller, Chopin insisted his students have the strictest adherence to what?</text><reasoning>Friederike Müller, a pupil of Chopin, wrote: "[His] playing was always noble and beautiful; his tones sang, whether in full forte or softest piano. He took infinite pains to teach his pupils this le... |
Who supported van Praag's beliefs? | <text>Who supported van Praag's beliefs?</text><reasoning>Historians disagree on what the relationship was between the Ming court and Tibet and whether or not Ming China had sovereignty over Tibet. Van Praag writes that Chinese court historians viewed Tibet as an independent foreign tributary and had little interest in... |
Who did not agree with van Praag and Shakabpa? | <text>Who did not agree with van Praag and Shakabpa?</text><reasoning>Historians disagree on what the relationship was between the Ming court and Tibet and whether or not Ming China had sovereignty over Tibet. Van Praag writes that Chinese court historians viewed Tibet as an independent foreign tributary and had little... |
The Kobylańska Catalogue was named for who? | <text>The Kobylańska Catalogue was named for who?</text><reasoning>Works published since 1857 have received alternative catalogue designations instead of opus numbers. The present standard musicological reference for Chopin's works is the Kobylańska Catalogue (usually represented by the initials 'KK'), named for its co... |
Pieces published after what year stopped receiving opus numbers? | <text>Pieces published after what year stopped receiving opus numbers?</text><reasoning>Works published since 1857 have received alternative catalogue designations instead of opus numbers. The present standard musicological reference for Chopin's works is the Kobylańska Catalogue (usually represented by the initials 'K... |
What have pieces published after 1857 been given rather than opus numbers? | <text>What have pieces published after 1857 been given rather than opus numbers?</text><reasoning>Works published since 1857 have received alternative catalogue designations instead of opus numbers. The present standard musicological reference for Chopin's works is the Kobylańska Catalogue (usually represented by the i... |
What is the current musicologist reference for Chopin's pieces? | <text>What is the current musicologist reference for Chopin's pieces?</text><reasoning>Works published since 1857 have received alternative catalogue designations instead of opus numbers. The present standard musicological reference for Chopin's works is the Kobylańska Catalogue (usually represented by the initials 'KK... |
What is the shortened reference for the Kobylańska Catalogue? | <text>What is the shortened reference for the Kobylańska Catalogue?</text><reasoning>Works published since 1857 have received alternative catalogue designations instead of opus numbers. The present standard musicological reference for Chopin's works is the Kobylańska Catalogue (usually represented by the initials 'KK')... |
Who compiled the Kobylańska Catalogue? | <text>Who compiled the Kobylańska Catalogue?</text><reasoning>Works published since 1857 have received alternative catalogue designations instead of opus numbers. The present standard musicological reference for Chopin's works is the Kobylańska Catalogue (usually represented by the initials 'KK'), named for its compile... |
A modern commentator, William Atwood, feels Poles not only sought solace in Chopin's music but also found them a source of strength as they continued to fight for what? | <text>A modern commentator, William Atwood, feels Poles not only sought solace in Chopin's music but also found them a source of strength as they continued to fight for what?</text><reasoning>A reconciliation of these views is suggested by William Atwood: "Undoubtedly [Chopin's] use of traditional musical forms like th... |
Where were Poles scattered to? | <text>Where were Poles scattered to?</text><reasoning>A reconciliation of these views is suggested by William Atwood: "Undoubtedly [Chopin's] use of traditional musical forms like the polonaise and mazurka roused nationalistic sentiments and a sense of cohesiveness amongst those Poles scattered across Europe and the Ne... |
In what suite did Schumann name a work for Chopin? | <text>In what suite did Schumann name a work for Chopin?</text><reasoning>Chopin's qualities as a pianist and composer were recognized by many of his fellow musicians. Schumann named a piece for him in his suite Carnaval, and Chopin later dedicated his Ballade No. 2 in F major to Schumann. Elements of Chopin's music ca... |
What piece of Chopin's work was dedicated to Schumann? | <text>What piece of Chopin's work was dedicated to Schumann?</text><reasoning>Chopin's qualities as a pianist and composer were recognized by many of his fellow musicians. Schumann named a piece for him in his suite Carnaval, and Chopin later dedicated his Ballade No. 2 in F major to Schumann. Elements of Chopin's musi... |
How many of Chopin's Polish songs did Liszt transliterate for piano? | <text>How many of Chopin's Polish songs did Liszt transliterate for piano?</text><reasoning>Chopin's qualities as a pianist and composer were recognized by many of his fellow musicians. Schumann named a piece for him in his suite Carnaval, and Chopin later dedicated his Ballade No. 2 in F major to Schumann. Elements of... |
With who did Chopin feel comfortable speaking of folk music with? | <text>With who did Chopin feel comfortable speaking of folk music with?</text><reasoning>Chopin's qualities as a pianist and composer were recognized by many of his fellow musicians. Schumann named a piece for him in his suite Carnaval, and Chopin later dedicated his Ballade No. 2 in F major to Schumann. Elements of Ch... |
What was recognized about Chopin from his musical peers? | <text>What was recognized about Chopin from his musical peers?</text><reasoning>Chopin's qualities as a pianist and composer were recognized by many of his fellow musicians. Schumann named a piece for him in his suite Carnaval, and Chopin later dedicated his Ballade No. 2 in F major to Schumann. Elements of Chopin's mu... |
What Schumann suite contained the name of a piece Schumann named for Chopin? | <text>What Schumann suite contained the name of a piece Schumann named for Chopin?</text><reasoning>Chopin's qualities as a pianist and composer were recognized by many of his fellow musicians. Schumann named a piece for him in his suite Carnaval, and Chopin later dedicated his Ballade No. 2 in F major to Schumann. Ele... |
What piece did Chopin dedicate to Schumann? | <text>What piece did Chopin dedicate to Schumann?</text><reasoning>Chopin's qualities as a pianist and composer were recognized by many of his fellow musicians. Schumann named a piece for him in his suite Carnaval, and Chopin later dedicated his Ballade No. 2 in F major to Schumann. Elements of Chopin's music can be tr... |
What other musician shows to have elements of Chopin in his work? | <text>What other musician shows to have elements of Chopin in his work?</text><reasoning>Chopin's qualities as a pianist and composer were recognized by many of his fellow musicians. Schumann named a piece for him in his suite Carnaval, and Chopin later dedicated his Ballade No. 2 in F major to Schumann. Elements of Ch... |
Who dedicated his 1915 piano Études to Chopin? | <text>Who dedicated his 1915 piano Études to Chopin?</text><reasoning>Two of Chopin's long-standing pupils, Karol Mikuli (1821–1897) and Georges Mathias, were themselves piano teachers and passed on details of his playing to their own students, some of whom (such as Raoul Koczalski) were to make recordings of his music... |
For what publisher to Debussy edit Chopin's music for? | <text>For what publisher to Debussy edit Chopin's music for?</text><reasoning>Two of Chopin's long-standing pupils, Karol Mikuli (1821–1897) and Georges Mathias, were themselves piano teachers and passed on details of his playing to their own students, some of whom (such as Raoul Koczalski) were to make recordings of h... |
Who was a student of Chopin's former students and actually recorded some Chopin music? | <text>Who was a student of Chopin's former students and actually recorded some Chopin music?</text><reasoning>Two of Chopin's long-standing pupils, Karol Mikuli (1821–1897) and Georges Mathias, were themselves piano teachers and passed on details of his playing to their own students, some of whom (such as Raoul Koczals... |
What music did Debussy play a lot at the Paris Conservatoire? | <text>What music did Debussy play a lot at the Paris Conservatoire?</text><reasoning>Two of Chopin's long-standing pupils, Karol Mikuli (1821–1897) and Georges Mathias, were themselves piano teachers and passed on details of his playing to their own students, some of whom (such as Raoul Koczalski) were to make recordin... |
Who were Wang Jiawei and Nyima Gyaincain? | <text>Who were Wang Jiawei and Nyima Gyaincain?</text><reasoning>The exact nature of relations between Tibet and the Ming dynasty of China (1368–1644) is unclear. Analysis of the relationship is further complicated by modern political conflicts and the application of Westphalian sovereignty to a time when the concept d... |
According to J. Barrie Jones who was the only true successor to Chopin? | <text>According to J. Barrie Jones who was the only true successor to Chopin?</text><reasoning>Polish composers of the following generation included virtuosi such as Moritz Moszkowski, but, in the opinion of J. Barrie Jones, his "one worthy successor" among his compatriots was Karol Szymanowski (1882–1937). Edvard Grie... |
Many people were considered influenced by Chopin's what? | <text>Many people were considered influenced by Chopin's what?</text><reasoning>Polish composers of the following generation included virtuosi such as Moritz Moszkowski, but, in the opinion of J. Barrie Jones, his "one worthy successor" among his compatriots was Karol Szymanowski (1882–1937). Edvard Grieg, Antonín Dvoř... |
Who was Alexander Scriabin's teacher? | <text>Who was Alexander Scriabin's teacher?</text><reasoning>Polish composers of the following generation included virtuosi such as Moritz Moszkowski, but, in the opinion of J. Barrie Jones, his "one worthy successor" among his compatriots was Karol Szymanowski (1882–1937). Edvard Grieg, Antonín Dvořák, Isaac Albéniz, ... |
Who was Chopin's worthy successor according to Jones? | <text>Who was Chopin's worthy successor according to Jones?</text><reasoning>Polish composers of the following generation included virtuosi such as Moritz Moszkowski, but, in the opinion of J. Barrie Jones, his "one worthy successor" among his compatriots was Karol Szymanowski (1882–1937). Edvard Grieg, Antonín Dvořák,... |
Who was devoted to the music of Chopin? | <text>Who was devoted to the music of Chopin?</text><reasoning>Polish composers of the following generation included virtuosi such as Moritz Moszkowski, but, in the opinion of J. Barrie Jones, his "one worthy successor" among his compatriots was Karol Szymanowski (1882–1937). Edvard Grieg, Antonín Dvořák, Isaac Albéniz... |
Who was Alexander Scriabin's teacher? | <text>Who was Alexander Scriabin's teacher?</text><reasoning>Polish composers of the following generation included virtuosi such as Moritz Moszkowski, but, in the opinion of J. Barrie Jones, his "one worthy successor" among his compatriots was Karol Szymanowski (1882–1937). Edvard Grieg, Antonín Dvořák, Isaac Albéniz, ... |
When did the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period of China take place? | <text>When did the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period of China take place?</text><reasoning>During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period of China (907–960), while the fractured political realm of China saw no threat in a Tibet which was in just as much political disarray, there was little in the way of Sino-Ti... |
When did the Song dynasty take place? | <text>When did the Song dynasty take place?</text><reasoning>During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period of China (907–960), while the fractured political realm of China saw no threat in a Tibet which was in just as much political disarray, there was little in the way of Sino-Tibetan relations. Few documents invo... |
What dynasty was concerned with countering northern enemy states? | <text>What dynasty was concerned with countering northern enemy states?</text><reasoning>During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period of China (907–960), while the fractured political realm of China saw no threat in a Tibet which was in just as much political disarray, there was little in the way of Sino-Tibetan r... |
Who ruled the Liao dynasty? | <text>Who ruled the Liao dynasty?</text><reasoning>During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period of China (907–960), while the fractured political realm of China saw no threat in a Tibet which was in just as much political disarray, there was little in the way of Sino-Tibetan relations. Few documents involving Sino... |
Who ruled the Jin dynasty? | <text>Who ruled the Jin dynasty?</text><reasoning>During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period of China (907–960), while the fractured political realm of China saw no threat in a Tibet which was in just as much political disarray, there was little in the way of Sino-Tibetan relations. Few documents involving Sino... |
Who said that Chopin's familiarity with Polish music was more "urbanised" than true folk music? | <text>Who said that Chopin's familiarity with Polish music was more "urbanised" than true folk music?</text><reasoning>Some modern commentators have argued against exaggerating Chopin's primacy as a "nationalist" or "patriotic" composer. George Golos refers to earlier "nationalist" composers in Central Europe, includi... |
George Golos references what two musicians when claiming Chopin's nationalism was overrated? | <text>George Golos references what two musicians when claiming Chopin's nationalism was overrated?</text><reasoning>Some modern commentators have argued against exaggerating Chopin's primacy as a "nationalist" or "patriotic" composer. George Golos refers to earlier "nationalist" composers in Central Europe, including P... |
Who said Chopin's works were modeled after Bach, Beethoven, Schubert and Field? | <text>Who said Chopin's works were modeled after Bach, Beethoven, Schubert and Field?</text><reasoning>Some modern commentators have argued against exaggerating Chopin's primacy as a "nationalist" or "patriotic" composer. George Golos refers to earlier "nationalist" composers in Central Europe, including Poland's Micha... |
Arthur Hutchings stated that Chopin's lack of what made him special? | <text>Arthur Hutchings stated that Chopin's lack of what made him special?</text><reasoning>Jones comments that "Chopin's unique position as a composer, despite the fact that virtually everything he wrote was for the piano, has rarely been questioned." He also notes that Chopin was fortunate to arrive in Paris in 1831—... |
Who were two of Chopin's contemporaries? | <text>Who were two of Chopin's contemporaries?</text><reasoning>Jones comments that "Chopin's unique position as a composer, despite the fact that virtually everything he wrote was for the piano, has rarely been questioned." He also notes that Chopin was fortunate to arrive in Paris in 1831—"the artistic environment, t... |
What place was considered lucky for Chopin to have arrived at considering how much he charged for piano lessons? | <text>What place was considered lucky for Chopin to have arrived at considering how much he charged for piano lessons?</text><reasoning>Jones comments that "Chopin's unique position as a composer, despite the fact that virtually everything he wrote was for the piano, has rarely been questioned." He also notes that Chop... |
Who said Chopin was unlike his romantic contemporaries Liszt and Henri Herz? | <text>Who said Chopin was unlike his romantic contemporaries Liszt and Henri Herz?</text><reasoning>Jones comments that "Chopin's unique position as a composer, despite the fact that virtually everything he wrote was for the piano, has rarely been questioned." He also notes that Chopin was fortunate to arrive in Paris ... |
What piece does J. Barrie Jones pinpoint as a great example of Chopin's palette? | <text>What piece does J. Barrie Jones pinpoint as a great example of Chopin's palette?</text><reasoning>J. Barrie Jones suggests that "amongst the works that Chopin intended for concert use, the four ballades and four scherzos stand supreme", and adds that "the Barcarolle Op. 60 stands apart as an example of Chopin's r... |
What does J. Barrie Jones feel stands supreme of Chopin's concert pieces? | <text>What does J. Barrie Jones feel stands supreme of Chopin's concert pieces?</text><reasoning>J. Barrie Jones suggests that "amongst the works that Chopin intended for concert use, the four ballades and four scherzos stand supreme", and adds that "the Barcarolle Op. 60 stands apart as an example of Chopin's rich har... |
What form does Temperley feel that Chopin's ballades and scherzos are based on? | <text>What form does Temperley feel that Chopin's ballades and scherzos are based on?</text><reasoning>J. Barrie Jones suggests that "amongst the works that Chopin intended for concert use, the four ballades and four scherzos stand supreme", and adds that "the Barcarolle Op. 60 stands apart as an example of Chopin's ri... |
What year was the Sakya viceregal regime eradicated? | <text>What year was the Sakya viceregal regime eradicated?</text><reasoning>In 1358, the Sakya viceregal regime installed by the Mongols in Tibet was overthrown in a rebellion by the Phagmodru myriarch Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen (1302–1364). The Mongol Yuan court was forced to accept him as the new viceroy, and Changc... |
Who placed the Sakya viceregal regime position of authority? | <text>Who placed the Sakya viceregal regime position of authority?</text><reasoning>In 1358, the Sakya viceregal regime installed by the Mongols in Tibet was overthrown in a rebellion by the Phagmodru myriarch Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen (1302–1364). The Mongol Yuan court was forced to accept him as the new viceroy, an... |
Who eradicated the Sakya viceregal regime? | <text>Who eradicated the Sakya viceregal regime?</text><reasoning>In 1358, the Sakya viceregal regime installed by the Mongols in Tibet was overthrown in a rebellion by the Phagmodru myriarch Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen (1302–1364). The Mongol Yuan court was forced to accept him as the new viceroy, and Changchub Gyalts... |
Which dynasty became ruler of Tibet? | <text>Which dynasty became ruler of Tibet?</text><reasoning>In 1358, the Sakya viceregal regime installed by the Mongols in Tibet was overthrown in a rebellion by the Phagmodru myriarch Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen (1302–1364). The Mongol Yuan court was forced to accept him as the new viceroy, and Changchub Gyaltsen and... |
Who believed that the Ming court had full sovereignty over Tibet? | <text>Who believed that the Ming court had full sovereignty over Tibet?</text><reasoning>Wang and Nyima argue that the Ming emperor sent edicts to Tibet twice in the second year of the Ming dynasty, and demonstrated that he viewed Tibet as a significant region to pacify by urging various Tibetan tribes to submit to the... |
What year did Wang and Nyima believe that the Mongol Prince Punala went to Nanjing? | <text>What year did Wang and Nyima believe that the Mongol Prince Punala went to Nanjing?</text><reasoning>Wang and Nyima argue that the Ming emperor sent edicts to Tibet twice in the second year of the Ming dynasty, and demonstrated that he viewed Tibet as a significant region to pacify by urging various Tibetan tribe... |
What did the lamas called themselves? | <text>What did the lamas called themselves?</text><reasoning>Wang and Nyima argue that the Ming emperor sent edicts to Tibet twice in the second year of the Ming dynasty, and demonstrated that he viewed Tibet as a significant region to pacify by urging various Tibetan tribes to submit to the authority of the Ming court... |
What edicts did the Ming issue? | <text>What edicts did the Ming issue?</text><reasoning>Wang and Nyima argue that the Ming emperor sent edicts to Tibet twice in the second year of the Ming dynasty, and demonstrated that he viewed Tibet as a significant region to pacify by urging various Tibetan tribes to submit to the authority of the Ming court. They... |
Chopin was noted as introducing music to what? | <text>Chopin was noted as introducing music to what?</text><reasoning>With his mazurkas and polonaises, Chopin has been credited with introducing to music a new sense of nationalism. Schumann, in his 1836 review of the piano concertos, highlighted the composer's strong feelings for his native Poland, writing that "Now ... |
What year did Schumann review Chopin's piano concertos? | <text>What year did Schumann review Chopin's piano concertos?</text><reasoning>With his mazurkas and polonaises, Chopin has been credited with introducing to music a new sense of nationalism. Schumann, in his 1836 review of the piano concertos, highlighted the composer's strong feelings for his native Poland, writing t... |
In his review Schumann made note of Chopin's emotions for what? | <text>In his review Schumann made note of Chopin's emotions for what?</text><reasoning>With his mazurkas and polonaises, Chopin has been credited with introducing to music a new sense of nationalism. Schumann, in his 1836 review of the piano concertos, highlighted the composer's strong feelings for his native Poland, w... |
Why did Schumann say the Poles were in mourning? | <text>Why did Schumann say the Poles were in mourning?</text><reasoning>With his mazurkas and polonaises, Chopin has been credited with introducing to music a new sense of nationalism. Schumann, in his 1836 review of the piano concertos, highlighted the composer's strong feelings for his native Poland, writing that "No... |
A biography on Chopin released under Franz Liszt's name was likely written by who? | <text>A biography on Chopin released under Franz Liszt's name was likely written by who?</text><reasoning>With his mazurkas and polonaises, Chopin has been credited with introducing to music a new sense of nationalism. Schumann, in his 1836 review of the piano concertos, highlighted the composer's strong feelings for h... |
Chopin was able to bring about a new sense of nationalism with his music because of his mazurkas and what? | <text>Chopin was able to bring about a new sense of nationalism with his music because of his mazurkas and what?</text><reasoning>With his mazurkas and polonaises, Chopin has been credited with introducing to music a new sense of nationalism. Schumann, in his 1836 review of the piano concertos, highlighted the composer... |
Who wrote a glowing review of Chopin's love for his country through his music in 1836? | <text>Who wrote a glowing review of Chopin's love for his country through his music in 1836?</text><reasoning>With his mazurkas and polonaises, Chopin has been credited with introducing to music a new sense of nationalism. Schumann, in his 1836 review of the piano concertos, highlighted the composer's strong feelings f... |
Schumann described Chopin's music as cannons buried in what? | <text>Schumann described Chopin's music as cannons buried in what?</text><reasoning>With his mazurkas and polonaises, Chopin has been credited with introducing to music a new sense of nationalism. Schumann, in his 1836 review of the piano concertos, highlighted the composer's strong feelings for his native Poland, writ... |
Though Franz Liszt is credited with Chopin's 1863 biography, who probably actually wrote it? | <text>Though Franz Liszt is credited with Chopin's 1863 biography, who probably actually wrote it?</text><reasoning>With his mazurkas and polonaises, Chopin has been credited with introducing to music a new sense of nationalism. Schumann, in his 1836 review of the piano concertos, highlighted the composer's strong feel... |
What did the Tibetans use against Ming forays? | <text>What did the Tibetans use against Ming forays?</text><reasoning>The Ming initiated sporadic armed intervention in Tibet during the 14th century, but did not garrison permanent troops there. At times the Tibetans also used armed resistance against Ming forays. The Wanli Emperor (r. 1572–1620) made attempts to rees... |
Who were the armed protectors for the Gelug Dalai Lama? | <text>Who were the armed protectors for the Gelug Dalai Lama?</text><reasoning>The Ming initiated sporadic armed intervention in Tibet during the 14th century, but did not garrison permanent troops there. At times the Tibetans also used armed resistance against Ming forays. The Wanli Emperor (r. 1572–1620) made attempt... |
Which regime did Güshi Khan help establish? | <text>Which regime did Güshi Khan help establish?</text><reasoning>The Ming initiated sporadic armed intervention in Tibet during the 14th century, but did not garrison permanent troops there. At times the Tibetans also used armed resistance against Ming forays. The Wanli Emperor (r. 1572–1620) made attempts to reestab... |
When was the Mongol-Tibetan alliance started? | <text>When was the Mongol-Tibetan alliance started?</text><reasoning>The Ming initiated sporadic armed intervention in Tibet during the 14th century, but did not garrison permanent troops there. At times the Tibetans also used armed resistance against Ming forays. The Wanli Emperor (r. 1572–1620) made attempts to reest... |
Who was the fourth Karmapa Lama? | <text>Who was the fourth Karmapa Lama?</text><reasoning>As evident in his imperial edicts, the Hongwu Emperor was well aware of the Buddhist link between Tibet and China and wanted to foster it. Rolpe Dorje, 4th Karmapa Lama (1340–1383) rejected the Hongwu Emperor's invitation, although he did send some disciples as en... |
Who rejected an invitation by the Hongwu Emperor? | <text>Who rejected an invitation by the Hongwu Emperor?</text><reasoning>As evident in his imperial edicts, the Hongwu Emperor was well aware of the Buddhist link between Tibet and China and wanted to foster it. Rolpe Dorje, 4th Karmapa Lama (1340–1383) rejected the Hongwu Emperor's invitation, although he did send som... |
What did the the Hongwu Emperor want to continue to promote? | <text>What did the the Hongwu Emperor want to continue to promote?</text><reasoning>As evident in his imperial edicts, the Hongwu Emperor was well aware of the Buddhist link between Tibet and China and wanted to foster it. Rolpe Dorje, 4th Karmapa Lama (1340–1383) rejected the Hongwu Emperor's invitation, although he d... |
Who did Rolpe Dorje send as envoys to court in Nanjing? | <text>Who did Rolpe Dorje send as envoys to court in Nanjing?</text><reasoning>As evident in his imperial edicts, the Hongwu Emperor was well aware of the Buddhist link between Tibet and China and wanted to foster it. Rolpe Dorje, 4th Karmapa Lama (1340–1383) rejected the Hongwu Emperor's invitation, although he did se... |
Who created a law that did not allow Han Chinese to learn the beliefs of Tibetan Buddhism? | <text>Who created a law that did not allow Han Chinese to learn the beliefs of Tibetan Buddhism?</text><reasoning>However, the early Ming government enacted a law, later rescinded, which forbade Han Chinese to learn the tenets of Tibetan Buddhism. There is little detailed evidence of Chinese—especially lay Chinese—stud... |
What years did the Yongle Emperor reign? | <text>What years did the Yongle Emperor reign?</text><reasoning>However, the early Ming government enacted a law, later rescinded, which forbade Han Chinese to learn the tenets of Tibetan Buddhism. There is little detailed evidence of Chinese—especially lay Chinese—studying Tibetan Buddhism until the Republican era (19... |
Who worked towards obtaining a extension of relations with Tibet? | <text>Who worked towards obtaining a extension of relations with Tibet?</text><reasoning>However, the early Ming government enacted a law, later rescinded, which forbade Han Chinese to learn the tenets of Tibetan Buddhism. There is little detailed evidence of Chinese—especially lay Chinese—studying Tibetan Buddhism unt... |
Who was the Mongol prince? | <text>Who was the Mongol prince?</text><reasoning>The Mongol prince Godan, a grandson of Genghis Khan, raided as far as Lhasa. During his attack in 1240, Prince Godan summoned Sakya Pandita (1182–1251), leader of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism, to his court in what is now Gansu in Western China. With Sakya Pandit... |
Who was the leader of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism? | <text>Who was the leader of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism?</text><reasoning>The Mongol prince Godan, a grandson of Genghis Khan, raided as far as Lhasa. During his attack in 1240, Prince Godan summoned Sakya Pandita (1182–1251), leader of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism, to his court in what is now Gansu in... |
Who was the regent of the Mongol Empire? | <text>Who was the regent of the Mongol Empire?</text><reasoning>The Mongol prince Godan, a grandson of Genghis Khan, raided as far as Lhasa. During his attack in 1240, Prince Godan summoned Sakya Pandita (1182–1251), leader of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism, to his court in what is now Gansu in Western China. Wit... |
In what years was Töregene Khatun the regent of the Mongol Empire? | <text>In what years was Töregene Khatun the regent of the Mongol Empire?</text><reasoning>The Mongol prince Godan, a grandson of Genghis Khan, raided as far as Lhasa. During his attack in 1240, Prince Godan summoned Sakya Pandita (1182–1251), leader of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism, to his court in what is now G... |
How many states were ruled by myriarchies? | <text>How many states were ruled by myriarchies?</text><reasoning>Starting in 1236, the Mongol prince Kublai, who later ruled as Khagan from 1260–1294, was granted a large appanage in North China by his superior, Ögedei Khan. Karma Pakshi, 2nd Karmapa Lama (1203–1283)—the head lama of the Karma Kagyu lineage of Tibetan... |
What title did prince Kublai rule as from 1260 to 1294? | <text>What title did prince Kublai rule as from 1260 to 1294?</text><reasoning>Starting in 1236, the Mongol prince Kublai, who later ruled as Khagan from 1260–1294, was granted a large appanage in North China by his superior, Ögedei Khan. Karma Pakshi, 2nd Karmapa Lama (1203–1283)—the head lama of the Karma Kagyu linea... |
Who was the superior of prince Kublai? | <text>Who was the superior of prince Kublai?</text><reasoning>Starting in 1236, the Mongol prince Kublai, who later ruled as Khagan from 1260–1294, was granted a large appanage in North China by his superior, Ögedei Khan. Karma Pakshi, 2nd Karmapa Lama (1203–1283)—the head lama of the Karma Kagyu lineage of Tibetan Bud... |
Who became the second Karmapa Lama? | <text>Who became the second Karmapa Lama?</text><reasoning>Starting in 1236, the Mongol prince Kublai, who later ruled as Khagan from 1260–1294, was granted a large appanage in North China by his superior, Ögedei Khan. Karma Pakshi, 2nd Karmapa Lama (1203–1283)—the head lama of the Karma Kagyu lineage of Tibetan Buddhi... |
With whom did Kublai Khan have a unique relationship with? | <text>With whom did Kublai Khan have a unique relationship with?</text><reasoning>Starting in 1236, the Mongol prince Kublai, who later ruled as Khagan from 1260–1294, was granted a large appanage in North China by his superior, Ögedei Khan. Karma Pakshi, 2nd Karmapa Lama (1203–1283)—the head lama of the Karma Kagyu li... |
How many movements are No. 2, Op. 35 and No. 3, Op 58 in? | <text>How many movements are No. 2, Op. 35 and No. 3, Op 58 in?</text><reasoning>The two mature piano sonatas (No. 2, Op. 35, written in 1839 and No. 3, Op. 58, written in 1844) are in four movements. In Op. 35, Chopin was able to combine within a formal large musical structure many elements of his virtuosic piano tech... |
What two people claimed that Op 58 was "worthy of Brahms"? | <text>What two people claimed that Op 58 was "worthy of Brahms"?</text><reasoning>The two mature piano sonatas (No. 2, Op. 35, written in 1839 and No. 3, Op. 58, written in 1844) are in four movements. In Op. 35, Chopin was able to combine within a formal large musical structure many elements of his virtuosic piano tec... |
How many movements are in No. 2, Op. 35 and No. 3, Op 58? | <text>How many movements are in No. 2, Op. 35 and No. 3, Op 58?</text><reasoning>The two mature piano sonatas (No. 2, Op. 35, written in 1839 and No. 3, Op. 58, written in 1844) are in four movements. In Op. 35, Chopin was able to combine within a formal large musical structure many elements of his virtuosic piano tech... |
Which movement was found lacking in musicality by Schumann? | <text>Which movement was found lacking in musicality by Schumann?</text><reasoning>The two mature piano sonatas (No. 2, Op. 35, written in 1839 and No. 3, Op. 58, written in 1844) are in four movements. In Op. 35, Chopin was able to combine within a formal large musical structure many elements of his virtuosic piano te... |
According to music historians, which sonata is similar to German tradition and worthy of Brahms? | <text>According to music historians, which sonata is similar to German tradition and worthy of Brahms?</text><reasoning>The two mature piano sonatas (No. 2, Op. 35, written in 1839 and No. 3, Op. 58, written in 1844) are in four movements. In Op. 35, Chopin was able to combine within a formal large musical structure ma... |
How many princes of Dharma were assigned by the Ming court? | <text>How many princes of Dharma were assigned by the Ming court?</text><reasoning>The Ming court appointed three Princes of Dharma (法王) and five Princes (王), and granted many other titles, such as Grand State Tutors (大國師) and State Tutors (國師), to the important schools of Tibetan Buddhism, including the Karma Kagyu, S... |
Who established the Tibetan law code? | <text>Who established the Tibetan law code?</text><reasoning>The Ming court appointed three Princes of Dharma (法王) and five Princes (王), and granted many other titles, such as Grand State Tutors (大國師) and State Tutors (國師), to the important schools of Tibetan Buddhism, including the Karma Kagyu, Sakya, and Gelug. Accor... |
Who was the Phagmodru ruler? | <text>Who was the Phagmodru ruler?</text><reasoning>The Ming court appointed three Princes of Dharma (法王) and five Princes (王), and granted many other titles, such as Grand State Tutors (大國師) and State Tutors (國師), to the important schools of Tibetan Buddhism, including the Karma Kagyu, Sakya, and Gelug. According to W... |
Who created the Ming Dynasty? | <text>Who created the Ming Dynasty?</text><reasoning>In 1368, a Han Chinese revolt known as the Red Turban Rebellion toppled the Mongol Yuan dynasty in China. Zhu Yuanzhang then established the Ming dynasty, ruling as the Hongwu Emperor (r. 1368–1398). It is not clear how much the early Ming court understood the civil ... |
Who caused the Yuan dynasty to fall? | <text>Who caused the Yuan dynasty to fall?</text><reasoning>In 1368, a Han Chinese revolt known as the Red Turban Rebellion toppled the Mongol Yuan dynasty in China. Zhu Yuanzhang then established the Ming dynasty, ruling as the Hongwu Emperor (r. 1368–1398). It is not clear how much the early Ming court understood the... |
Who ruled as the the Hongwu Emperor? | <text>Who ruled as the the Hongwu Emperor?</text><reasoning>In 1368, a Han Chinese revolt known as the Red Turban Rebellion toppled the Mongol Yuan dynasty in China. Zhu Yuanzhang then established the Ming dynasty, ruling as the Hongwu Emperor (r. 1368–1398). It is not clear how much the early Ming court understood the... |
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