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What is achieved by the 3:2 Pulldown technique producing a total time of 1/12 of a second for two frames? | <text>What is achieved by the 3:2 Pulldown technique producing a total time of 1/12 of a second for two frames?</text><reasoning>Standard 35mm photographic film used for cinema projection has a much higher image resolution than HDTV systems, and is exposed and projected at a rate of 24 frames per second (frame/s). To b... |
What year were the earliest plants that grew wood discovered? | <text>What year were the earliest plants that grew wood discovered?</text><reasoning>A 2011 discovery in the Canadian province of New Brunswick uncovered the earliest known plants to have grown wood, approximately 395 to 400 million years ago. Wood can be dated by carbon dating and in some species by dendrochronology t... |
In which Canadian province were the oldest woody plants found? | <text>In which Canadian province were the oldest woody plants found?</text><reasoning>A 2011 discovery in the Canadian province of New Brunswick uncovered the earliest known plants to have grown wood, approximately 395 to 400 million years ago. Wood can be dated by carbon dating and in some species by dendrochronology ... |
If dendrochronology can't be used, what method would scientists employ to date wood? | <text>If dendrochronology can't be used, what method would scientists employ to date wood?</text><reasoning>A 2011 discovery in the Canadian province of New Brunswick uncovered the earliest known plants to have grown wood, approximately 395 to 400 million years ago. Wood can be dated by carbon dating and in some specie... |
How many millions of years old were the plants that were discovered in New Brunswick? | <text>How many millions of years old were the plants that were discovered in New Brunswick?</text><reasoning>A 2011 discovery in the Canadian province of New Brunswick uncovered the earliest known plants to have grown wood, approximately 395 to 400 million years ago. Wood can be dated by carbon dating and in some speci... |
Prior to 2004, what were US cable companies required to provide customers who rent HD set-top boxes? | <text>Prior to 2004, what were US cable companies required to provide customers who rent HD set-top boxes?</text><reasoning>In the United States, as part of the FCC's plug and play agreement, cable companies are required to provide customers who rent HD set-top boxes with a set-top box with "functional" FireWire (IEEE ... |
What can 5c encryption prevent? | <text>What can 5c encryption prevent?</text><reasoning>In the United States, as part of the FCC's plug and play agreement, cable companies are required to provide customers who rent HD set-top boxes with a set-top box with "functional" FireWire (IEEE 1394) on request. None of the direct broadcast satellite providers ha... |
When was the Hauppauge 1212 Personal Video Recorder introduced? | <text>When was the Hauppauge 1212 Personal Video Recorder introduced?</text><reasoning>The massive amount of data storage required to archive uncompressed streams meant that inexpensive uncompressed storage options were not available to the consumer. In 2008, the Hauppauge 1212 Personal Video Recorder was introduced. T... |
How does the Personal Video Recorder store content? | <text>How does the Personal Video Recorder store content?</text><reasoning>The massive amount of data storage required to archive uncompressed streams meant that inexpensive uncompressed storage options were not available to the consumer. In 2008, the Hauppauge 1212 Personal Video Recorder was introduced. This device a... |
Recent systems can record a broadcast HD program in what format? | <text>Recent systems can record a broadcast HD program in what format?</text><reasoning>The massive amount of data storage required to archive uncompressed streams meant that inexpensive uncompressed storage options were not available to the consumer. In 2008, the Hauppauge 1212 Personal Video Recorder was introduced. ... |
What uncompressed storage option was introduced in 2008? | <text>What uncompressed storage option was introduced in 2008?</text><reasoning>The massive amount of data storage required to archive uncompressed streams meant that inexpensive uncompressed storage options were not available to the consumer. In 2008, the Hauppauge 1212 Personal Video Recorder was introduced. This dev... |
In the US, what kind of tuner is needed for residents to receive free, over the air programming? | <text>In the US, what kind of tuner is needed for residents to receive free, over the air programming?</text><reasoning>In the US, residents in the line of sight of television station broadcast antennas can receive free, over the air programming with a television set with an ATSC tuner (most sets sold since 2009 have t... |
Laws regarding antennas were upated before what? | <text>Laws regarding antennas were upated before what?</text><reasoning>In the US, residents in the line of sight of television station broadcast antennas can receive free, over the air programming with a television set with an ATSC tuner (most sets sold since 2009 have this). This is achieved with a TV aerial, just as... |
Who do these laws prohibit from banning the installation of antennas? | <text>Who do these laws prohibit from banning the installation of antennas?</text><reasoning>In the US, residents in the line of sight of television station broadcast antennas can receive free, over the air programming with a television set with an ATSC tuner (most sets sold since 2009 have this). This is achieved with... |
Laws about antennas keep home owners' associations and city government from banning what? | <text>Laws about antennas keep home owners' associations and city government from banning what?</text><reasoning>In the US, residents in the line of sight of television station broadcast antennas can receive free, over the air programming with a television set with an ATSC tuner (most sets sold since 2009 have this). T... |
Most television sets sold since what year have an ATSC tuner? | <text>Most television sets sold since what year have an ATSC tuner?</text><reasoning>In the US, residents in the line of sight of television station broadcast antennas can receive free, over the air programming with a television set with an ATSC tuner (most sets sold since 2009 have this). This is achieved with a TV ae... |
Other than the base of a side branch, what tree feature causes a knot? | <text>Other than the base of a side branch, what tree feature causes a knot?</text><reasoning>In the tree a knot is either the base of a side branch or a dormant bud. A knot (when the base of a side branch) is conical in shape (hence the roughly circular cross-section) with the inner tip at the point in stem diameter a... |
What shape is the knot formed by a side branch's base? | <text>What shape is the knot formed by a side branch's base?</text><reasoning>In the tree a knot is either the base of a side branch or a dormant bud. A knot (when the base of a side branch) is conical in shape (hence the roughly circular cross-section) with the inner tip at the point in stem diameter at which the plan... |
What measurement of a stem determines a knot's inner tip placement? | <text>What measurement of a stem determines a knot's inner tip placement?</text><reasoning>In the tree a knot is either the base of a side branch or a dormant bud. A knot (when the base of a side branch) is conical in shape (hence the roughly circular cross-section) with the inner tip at the point in stem diameter at w... |
Because a knot's shape is conical, what shape does a cross-section of it have? | <text>Because a knot's shape is conical, what shape does a cross-section of it have?</text><reasoning>In the tree a knot is either the base of a side branch or a dormant bud. A knot (when the base of a side branch) is conical in shape (hence the roughly circular cross-section) with the inner tip at the point in stem di... |
What has been the primary purpose of wood for millennia other than fuel? | <text>What has been the primary purpose of wood for millennia other than fuel?</text><reasoning>People have used wood for millennia for many purposes, primarily as a fuel or as a construction material for making houses, tools, weapons, furniture, packaging, artworks, and paper. The year-to-year variation in tree-ring w... |
What is often made of wood that provides shelter to people? | <text>What is often made of wood that provides shelter to people?</text><reasoning>People have used wood for millennia for many purposes, primarily as a fuel or as a construction material for making houses, tools, weapons, furniture, packaging, artworks, and paper. The year-to-year variation in tree-ring widths and iso... |
For clues about the climate of a place, we can look at variation in isotopic abundances or what other thing? | <text>For clues about the climate of a place, we can look at variation in isotopic abundances or what other thing?</text><reasoning>People have used wood for millennia for many purposes, primarily as a fuel or as a construction material for making houses, tools, weapons, furniture, packaging, artworks, and paper. The y... |
What could be made out of wood that could be used to fight off attackers? | <text>What could be made out of wood that could be used to fight off attackers?</text><reasoning>People have used wood for millennia for many purposes, primarily as a fuel or as a construction material for making houses, tools, weapons, furniture, packaging, artworks, and paper. The year-to-year variation in tree-ring ... |
What category of items often constructed from wood does a chair belong to? | <text>What category of items often constructed from wood does a chair belong to?</text><reasoning>People have used wood for millennia for many purposes, primarily as a fuel or as a construction material for making houses, tools, weapons, furniture, packaging, artworks, and paper. The year-to-year variation in tree-ring... |
Ring-porous hardwoods have a clear relationship between their properties and what other factor? | <text>Ring-porous hardwoods have a clear relationship between their properties and what other factor?</text><reasoning>In the case of the ring-porous hardwoods there seems to exist a pretty definite relation between the rate of growth of timber and its properties. This may be briefly summed up in the general statement ... |
Is harder, heavier wood indicated by narrower or wider growth rings? | <text>Is harder, heavier wood indicated by narrower or wider growth rings?</text><reasoning>In the case of the ring-porous hardwoods there seems to exist a pretty definite relation between the rate of growth of timber and its properties. This may be briefly summed up in the general statement that the more rapid the gro... |
What kind of wood with a name that starts with "H" is a ring-porous hardwood? | <text>What kind of wood with a name that starts with "H" is a ring-porous hardwood?</text><reasoning>In the case of the ring-porous hardwoods there seems to exist a pretty definite relation between the rate of growth of timber and its properties. This may be briefly summed up in the general statement that the more rapi... |
If the growth rings are wider, was the growth of the tree slower or more rapid? | <text>If the growth rings are wider, was the growth of the tree slower or more rapid?</text><reasoning>In the case of the ring-porous hardwoods there seems to exist a pretty definite relation between the rate of growth of timber and its properties. This may be briefly summed up in the general statement that the more ra... |
What is the only kind of wood that will definitely be harder and stronger when it grows faster? | <text>What is the only kind of wood that will definitely be harder and stronger when it grows faster?</text><reasoning>In the case of the ring-porous hardwoods there seems to exist a pretty definite relation between the rate of growth of timber and its properties. This may be briefly summed up in the general statement ... |
How many cubic meters of growing stock forest are there on the planet? | <text>How many cubic meters of growing stock forest are there on the planet?</text><reasoning>The Earth contains about 434 billion cubic meters of growing stock forest, 47% of which is commercial. As an abundant, carbon-neutral renewable resource, woody materials have been of intense interest as a source of renewable e... |
What percentage of the Earth's stock forest is commercial? | <text>What percentage of the Earth's stock forest is commercial?</text><reasoning>The Earth contains about 434 billion cubic meters of growing stock forest, 47% of which is commercial. As an abundant, carbon-neutral renewable resource, woody materials have been of intense interest as a source of renewable energy. In 19... |
In addition to buildings, what is wood often used to make? | <text>In addition to buildings, what is wood often used to make?</text><reasoning>The Earth contains about 434 billion cubic meters of growing stock forest, 47% of which is commercial. As an abundant, carbon-neutral renewable resource, woody materials have been of intense interest as a source of renewable energy. In 19... |
About how many cubic kilometers of the vast stock forest's wood were harvested in 1991? | <text>About how many cubic kilometers of the vast stock forest's wood were harvested in 1991?</text><reasoning>The Earth contains about 434 billion cubic meters of growing stock forest, 47% of which is commercial. As an abundant, carbon-neutral renewable resource, woody materials have been of intense interest as a sour... |
In addition to being carbon neutral, what other adjective describes wood that makes it compelling as a renewable energy source? | <text>In addition to being carbon neutral, what other adjective describes wood that makes it compelling as a renewable energy source?</text><reasoning>The Earth contains about 434 billion cubic meters of growing stock forest, 47% of which is commercial. As an abundant, carbon-neutral renewable resource, woody materials... |
What is the sort of circular imperfection in a piece of wood called? | <text>What is the sort of circular imperfection in a piece of wood called?</text><reasoning>A knot is a particular type of imperfection in a piece of wood; it will affect the technical properties of the wood, usually reducing the local strength and increasing the tendency for splitting along the wood grain, but may be ... |
What property of wood does a knot usually reduce in the wood around it? | <text>What property of wood does a knot usually reduce in the wood around it?</text><reasoning>A knot is a particular type of imperfection in a piece of wood; it will affect the technical properties of the wood, usually reducing the local strength and increasing the tendency for splitting along the wood grain, but may ... |
In what direction is wood often sawn so that a knot appears as a solid circle that the grain flows around? | <text>In what direction is wood often sawn so that a knot appears as a solid circle that the grain flows around?</text><reasoning>A knot is a particular type of imperfection in a piece of wood; it will affect the technical properties of the wood, usually reducing the local strength and increasing the tendency for split... |
Are knots usually lighter or darker than the surrounding wood? | <text>Are knots usually lighter or darker than the surrounding wood?</text><reasoning>A knot is a particular type of imperfection in a piece of wood; it will affect the technical properties of the wood, usually reducing the local strength and increasing the tendency for splitting along the wood grain, but may be exploi... |
The direction of grain in a knot can differ by as much as how many degrees from the regular wood? | <text>The direction of grain in a knot can differ by as much as how many degrees from the regular wood?</text><reasoning>A knot is a particular type of imperfection in a piece of wood; it will affect the technical properties of the wood, usually reducing the local strength and increasing the tendency for splitting alon... |
What will the lower limbs of a tree usually do during development? | <text>What will the lower limbs of a tree usually do during development?</text><reasoning>During the development of a tree, the lower limbs often die, but may remain attached for a time, sometimes years. Subsequent layers of growth of the attaching stem are no longer intimately joined with the dead limb, but are grown ... |
For what length of time can a dead lower limb stay attached to a tree? | <text>For what length of time can a dead lower limb stay attached to a tree?</text><reasoning>During the development of a tree, the lower limbs often die, but may remain attached for a time, sometimes years. Subsequent layers of growth of the attaching stem are no longer intimately joined with the dead limb, but are gr... |
Rather than being joined to the limb that died, where do subsequent layers grow? | <text>Rather than being joined to the limb that died, where do subsequent layers grow?</text><reasoning>During the development of a tree, the lower limbs often die, but may remain attached for a time, sometimes years. Subsequent layers of growth of the attaching stem are no longer intimately joined with the dead limb, ... |
Are the knots that dead tree limbs form attached or not attached? | <text>Are the knots that dead tree limbs form attached or not attached?</text><reasoning>During the development of a tree, the lower limbs often die, but may remain attached for a time, sometimes years. Subsequent layers of growth of the attaching stem are no longer intimately joined with the dead limb, but are grown a... |
A detached knot will probably drop out of the wood when someone saws it into what? | <text>A detached knot will probably drop out of the wood when someone saws it into what?</text><reasoning>During the development of a tree, the lower limbs often die, but may remain attached for a time, sometimes years. Subsequent layers of growth of the attaching stem are no longer intimately joined with the dead limb... |
In addition to being used to build things, what has wood been used for over thousands of years? | <text>In addition to being used to build things, what has wood been used for over thousands of years?</text><reasoning>It has been used for thousands of years for both fuel and as a construction material. It is an organic material, a natural composite of cellulose fibers (which are strong in tension) embedded in a matr... |
What kind of strong fibers are part of the composite of wood? | <text>What kind of strong fibers are part of the composite of wood?</text><reasoning>It has been used for thousands of years for both fuel and as a construction material. It is an organic material, a natural composite of cellulose fibers (which are strong in tension) embedded in a matrix of lignin which resists compres... |
What's the matrix in wood made up of? | <text>What's the matrix in wood made up of?</text><reasoning>It has been used for thousands of years for both fuel and as a construction material. It is an organic material, a natural composite of cellulose fibers (which are strong in tension) embedded in a matrix of lignin which resists compression. Wood is sometimes ... |
What one word describes the function wood provides to a tree or plant? | <text>What one word describes the function wood provides to a tree or plant?</text><reasoning>It has been used for thousands of years for both fuel and as a construction material. It is an organic material, a natural composite of cellulose fibers (which are strong in tension) embedded in a matrix of lignin which resist... |
What does wood convey to leaves, roots, and other tissues of a woody plant in addition to water? | <text>What does wood convey to leaves, roots, and other tissues of a woody plant in addition to water?</text><reasoning>It has been used for thousands of years for both fuel and as a construction material. It is an organic material, a natural composite of cellulose fibers (which are strong in tension) embedded in a mat... |
What positive visual component can knots sometimes add to decorative pieces? | <text>What positive visual component can knots sometimes add to decorative pieces?</text><reasoning>In some decorative applications, wood with knots may be desirable to add visual interest. In applications where wood is painted, such as skirting boards, fascia boards, door frames and furniture, resins present in the ti... |
What term is used to describe what knots can do to affect the finish of things made from wood even when they've been painted? | <text>What term is used to describe what knots can do to affect the finish of things made from wood even when they've been painted?</text><reasoning>In some decorative applications, wood with knots may be desirable to add visual interest. In applications where wood is painted, such as skirting boards, fascia boards, do... |
Is bleed easy or difficult to control? | <text>Is bleed easy or difficult to control?</text><reasoning>In some decorative applications, wood with knots may be desirable to add visual interest. In applications where wood is painted, such as skirting boards, fascia boards, door frames and furniture, resins present in the timber may continue to 'bleed' through t... |
The stain from a knot bleeding is usually brownish or what other color? | <text>The stain from a knot bleeding is usually brownish or what other color?</text><reasoning>In some decorative applications, wood with knots may be desirable to add visual interest. In applications where wood is painted, such as skirting boards, fascia boards, door frames and furniture, resins present in the timber ... |
In what stage of processing does knot primer need to be applied for maximum effectiveness? | <text>In what stage of processing does knot primer need to be applied for maximum effectiveness?</text><reasoning>In some decorative applications, wood with knots may be desirable to add visual interest. In applications where wood is painted, such as skirting boards, fascia boards, door frames and furniture, resins pre... |
What's another word for "duramen"? | <text>What's another word for "duramen"?</text><reasoning>Heartwood (or duramen) is wood that as a result of a naturally occurring chemical transformation has become more resistant to decay. Heartwood formation occurs spontaneously (it is a genetically programmed process). Once heartwood formation is complete, the hear... |
What is heartwood naturally resistant to? | <text>What is heartwood naturally resistant to?</text><reasoning>Heartwood (or duramen) is wood that as a result of a naturally occurring chemical transformation has become more resistant to decay. Heartwood formation occurs spontaneously (it is a genetically programmed process). Once heartwood formation is complete, t... |
How does heartwood formation occur due to its being genetically programmed? | <text>How does heartwood formation occur due to its being genetically programmed?</text><reasoning>Heartwood (or duramen) is wood that as a result of a naturally occurring chemical transformation has become more resistant to decay. Heartwood formation occurs spontaneously (it is a genetically programmed process). Once ... |
What adjective describes fully formed heartwood? | <text>What adjective describes fully formed heartwood?</text><reasoning>Heartwood (or duramen) is wood that as a result of a naturally occurring chemical transformation has become more resistant to decay. Heartwood formation occurs spontaneously (it is a genetically programmed process). Once heartwood formation is comp... |
Despite being considered dead, what can heartwood have one chemical reaction to? | <text>Despite being considered dead, what can heartwood have one chemical reaction to?</text><reasoning>Heartwood (or duramen) is wood that as a result of a naturally occurring chemical transformation has become more resistant to decay. Heartwood formation occurs spontaneously (it is a genetically programmed process). ... |
Where does wood come from? | <text>Where does wood come from?</text><reasoning>Wood, in the strict sense, is yielded by trees, which increase in diameter by the formation, between the existing wood and the inner bark, of new woody layers which envelop the entire stem, living branches, and roots. This process is known as secondary growth; it is the... |
What forms in a tree to increase its diameter? | <text>What forms in a tree to increase its diameter?</text><reasoning>Wood, in the strict sense, is yielded by trees, which increase in diameter by the formation, between the existing wood and the inner bark, of new woody layers which envelop the entire stem, living branches, and roots. This process is known as seconda... |
What is the process of trees growing out to get bigger around called? | <text>What is the process of trees growing out to get bigger around called?</text><reasoning>Wood, in the strict sense, is yielded by trees, which increase in diameter by the formation, between the existing wood and the inner bark, of new woody layers which envelop the entire stem, living branches, and roots. This proc... |
What do many places have four of that would cause growth rings in a tree? | <text>What do many places have four of that would cause growth rings in a tree?</text><reasoning>Wood, in the strict sense, is yielded by trees, which increase in diameter by the formation, between the existing wood and the inner bark, of new woody layers which envelop the entire stem, living branches, and roots. This ... |
If a place has annual seasons, what are the growth rings on the trees there called? | <text>If a place has annual seasons, what are the growth rings on the trees there called?</text><reasoning>Wood, in the strict sense, is yielded by trees, which increase in diameter by the formation, between the existing wood and the inner bark, of new woody layers which envelop the entire stem, living branches, and ro... |
In what part of a tree's cross-section is heartwood visible? | <text>In what part of a tree's cross-section is heartwood visible?</text><reasoning>Heartwood is often visually distinct from the living sapwood, and can be distinguished in a cross-section where the boundary will tend to follow the growth rings. For example, it is sometimes much darker. However, other processes such a... |
What simple color distinction can heartwood have that makes it stand out from living wood in a tree? | <text>What simple color distinction can heartwood have that makes it stand out from living wood in a tree?</text><reasoning>Heartwood is often visually distinct from the living sapwood, and can be distinguished in a cross-section where the boundary will tend to follow the growth rings. For example, it is sometimes much... |
Along with insect infestation, what process can discolor wood and make it look like heartwood? | <text>Along with insect infestation, what process can discolor wood and make it look like heartwood?</text><reasoning>Heartwood is often visually distinct from the living sapwood, and can be distinguished in a cross-section where the boundary will tend to follow the growth rings. For example, it is sometimes much darke... |
What kind of plants never form heartwood? | <text>What kind of plants never form heartwood?</text><reasoning>Heartwood is often visually distinct from the living sapwood, and can be distinguished in a cross-section where the boundary will tend to follow the growth rings. For example, it is sometimes much darker. However, other processes such as decay or insect i... |
What is the living wood in a tree called? | <text>What is the living wood in a tree called?</text><reasoning>Heartwood is often visually distinct from the living sapwood, and can be distinguished in a cross-section where the boundary will tend to follow the growth rings. For example, it is sometimes much darker. However, other processes such as decay or insect i... |
What does wood retain in its cell walls despite being air-dried? | <text>What does wood retain in its cell walls despite being air-dried?</text><reasoning>In heartwood it occurs only in the first and last forms. Wood that is thoroughly air-dried retains 8–16% of the water in the cell walls, and none, or practically none, in the other forms. Even oven-dried wood retains a small percent... |
What kind of dried wood retains a small quantity of water but is considered absolutely dry? | <text>What kind of dried wood retains a small quantity of water but is considered absolutely dry?</text><reasoning>In heartwood it occurs only in the first and last forms. Wood that is thoroughly air-dried retains 8–16% of the water in the cell walls, and none, or practically none, in the other forms. Even oven-dried w... |
What usually covers the whole trunk of a very young tree? | <text>What usually covers the whole trunk of a very young tree?</text><reasoning>When a tree is very young it is covered with limbs almost, if not entirely, to the ground, but as it grows older some or all of them will eventually die and are either broken off or fall off. Subsequent growth of wood may completely concea... |
What evidence of the stubs of the limbs a tree loses can always be seen in the wood? | <text>What evidence of the stubs of the limbs a tree loses can always be seen in the wood?</text><reasoning>When a tree is very young it is covered with limbs almost, if not entirely, to the ground, but as it grows older some or all of them will eventually die and are either broken off or fall off. Subsequent growth of... |
In a very old tree, are you more likely to find a lot of knots in the heartwood or the sapwood? | <text>In a very old tree, are you more likely to find a lot of knots in the heartwood or the sapwood?</text><reasoning>When a tree is very young it is covered with limbs almost, if not entirely, to the ground, but as it grows older some or all of them will eventually die and are either broken off or fall off. Subsequen... |
What hides the stubs of a tree's lost limbs from being visible later in its life? | <text>What hides the stubs of a tree's lost limbs from being visible later in its life?</text><reasoning>When a tree is very young it is covered with limbs almost, if not entirely, to the ground, but as it grows older some or all of them will eventually die and are either broken off or fall off. Subsequent growth of wo... |
Since knots are defects that weaken lumber, would the heartwood or the sapwood from the same tree be stronger? | <text>Since knots are defects that weaken lumber, would the heartwood or the sapwood from the same tree be stronger?</text><reasoning>When a tree is very young it is covered with limbs almost, if not entirely, to the ground, but as it grows older some or all of them will eventually die and are either broken off or fall... |
What wood is decay-resistant when wet? | <text>What wood is decay-resistant when wet?</text><reasoning>Wood has been an important construction material since humans began building shelters, houses and boats. Nearly all boats were made out of wood until the late 19th century, and wood remains in common use today in boat construction. Elm in particular was used... |
What plumbing component was once made out of elm? | <text>What plumbing component was once made out of elm?</text><reasoning>Wood has been an important construction material since humans began building shelters, houses and boats. Nearly all boats were made out of wood until the late 19th century, and wood remains in common use today in boat construction. Elm in particul... |
Until the late 19th century, what vessels were almost always wooden? | <text>Until the late 19th century, what vessels were almost always wooden?</text><reasoning>Wood has been an important construction material since humans began building shelters, houses and boats. Nearly all boats were made out of wood until the late 19th century, and wood remains in common use today in boat constructi... |
What significant purpose has wood been used for as long as humans have built shelters? | <text>What significant purpose has wood been used for as long as humans have built shelters?</text><reasoning>Wood has been an important construction material since humans began building shelters, houses and boats. Nearly all boats were made out of wood until the late 19th century, and wood remains in common use today ... |
Other than boats, what do people often build with wood? | <text>Other than boats, what do people often build with wood?</text><reasoning>Wood has been an important construction material since humans began building shelters, houses and boats. Nearly all boats were made out of wood until the late 19th century, and wood remains in common use today in boat construction. Elm in pa... |
What kind of relationship exists between a tree's properties and its wood's properties? | <text>What kind of relationship exists between a tree's properties and its wood's properties?</text><reasoning>There is a strong relationship between the properties of wood and the properties of the particular tree that yielded it. The density of wood varies with species. The density of a wood correlates with its stren... |
What property of wood varies according to species? | <text>What property of wood varies according to species?</text><reasoning>There is a strong relationship between the properties of wood and the properties of the particular tree that yielded it. The density of wood varies with species. The density of a wood correlates with its strength (mechanical properties). For exam... |
What property of wood has a correlation to its density? | <text>What property of wood has a correlation to its density?</text><reasoning>There is a strong relationship between the properties of wood and the properties of the particular tree that yielded it. The density of wood varies with species. The density of a wood correlates with its strength (mechanical properties). For... |
Is mahogany a hardwood or a softwood? | <text>Is mahogany a hardwood or a softwood?</text><reasoning>There is a strong relationship between the properties of wood and the properties of the particular tree that yielded it. The density of wood varies with species. The density of a wood correlates with its strength (mechanical properties). For example, mahogany... |
What hobby is balsa wood often used for? | <text>What hobby is balsa wood often used for?</text><reasoning>There is a strong relationship between the properties of wood and the properties of the particular tree that yielded it. The density of wood varies with species. The density of a wood correlates with its strength (mechanical properties). For example, mahog... |
Often the water in wood makes it more pliable and what else? | <text>Often the water in wood makes it more pliable and what else?</text><reasoning>The general effect of the water content upon the wood substance is to render it softer and more pliable. A similar effect of common observation is in the softening action of water on rawhide, paper, or cloth. Within certain limits, the ... |
What material sometimes used for dog chews reacts similarly to wood because of its water content? | <text>What material sometimes used for dog chews reacts similarly to wood because of its water content?</text><reasoning>The general effect of the water content upon the wood substance is to render it softer and more pliable. A similar effect of common observation is in the softening action of water on rawhide, paper, ... |
What material we use to write or print on, like wood, becomes softer and more pliable when wet? | <text>What material we use to write or print on, like wood, becomes softer and more pliable when wet?</text><reasoning>The general effect of the water content upon the wood substance is to render it softer and more pliable. A similar effect of common observation is in the softening action of water on rawhide, paper, or... |
When water content increases within certain limits in wood, does is have a less or greater softening effect? | <text>When water content increases within certain limits in wood, does is have a less or greater softening effect?</text><reasoning>The general effect of the water content upon the wood substance is to render it softer and more pliable. A similar effect of common observation is in the softening action of water on rawhi... |
What type of action does water create in cloth? | <text>What type of action does water create in cloth?</text><reasoning>The general effect of the water content upon the wood substance is to render it softer and more pliable. A similar effect of common observation is in the softening action of water on rawhide, paper, or cloth. Within certain limits, the greater the w... |
What will drying often increase in wood? | <text>What will drying often increase in wood?</text><reasoning>Drying produces a decided increase in the strength of wood, particularly in small specimens. An extreme example is the case of a completely dry spruce block 5 cm in section, which will sustain a permanent load four times as great as a green (undried) block... |
What color is also used interchangeably with "undried" for wood? | <text>What color is also used interchangeably with "undried" for wood?</text><reasoning>Drying produces a decided increase in the strength of wood, particularly in small specimens. An extreme example is the case of a completely dry spruce block 5 cm in section, which will sustain a permanent load four times as great as... |
What type of wood can hold four times as much of a load when dried? | <text>What type of wood can hold four times as much of a load when dried?</text><reasoning>Drying produces a decided increase in the strength of wood, particularly in small specimens. An extreme example is the case of a completely dry spruce block 5 cm in section, which will sustain a permanent load four times as great... |
What part of a tree is the cross-sectional area of the sapwood approximately proportional to? | <text>What part of a tree is the cross-sectional area of the sapwood approximately proportional to?</text><reasoning>No definite relation exists between the annual rings of growth and the amount of sapwood. Within the same species the cross-sectional area of the sapwood is very roughly proportional to the size of the c... |
Are more rings necessary if they're narrow or wide? | <text>Are more rings necessary if they're narrow or wide?</text><reasoning>No definite relation exists between the annual rings of growth and the amount of sapwood. Within the same species the cross-sectional area of the sapwood is very roughly proportional to the size of the crown of the tree. If the rings are narrow,... |
As a tree grows bigger, if the sapwood layer doesn't increase in volume, what will it become? | <text>As a tree grows bigger, if the sapwood layer doesn't increase in volume, what will it become?</text><reasoning>No definite relation exists between the annual rings of growth and the amount of sapwood. Within the same species the cross-sectional area of the sapwood is very roughly proportional to the size of the c... |
In what part of the tree trunk is the sapwood layer thinnest? | <text>In what part of the tree trunk is the sapwood layer thinnest?</text><reasoning>No definite relation exists between the annual rings of growth and the amount of sapwood. Within the same species the cross-sectional area of the sapwood is very roughly proportional to the size of the crown of the tree. If the rings a... |
Along with the smaller diameter of the upper trunk, what factor leads to thinner sapwood higher up a tree? | <text>Along with the smaller diameter of the upper trunk, what factor leads to thinner sapwood higher up a tree?</text><reasoning>No definite relation exists between the annual rings of growth and the amount of sapwood. Within the same species the cross-sectional area of the sapwood is very roughly proportional to the ... |
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