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What did Zaire used to be known as? | <text>What did Zaire used to be known as?</text><reasoning>The classic case of a corrupt, exploitive dictator often given is the regime of Marshal Mobutu Sese Seko, who ruled the Democratic Republic of the Congo (which he renamed Zaire) from 1965 to 1997. It is said that usage of the term kleptocracy gained popularity ... |
What term became more popular as Mobutu ruled? | <text>What term became more popular as Mobutu ruled?</text><reasoning>The classic case of a corrupt, exploitive dictator often given is the regime of Marshal Mobutu Sese Seko, who ruled the Democratic Republic of the Congo (which he renamed Zaire) from 1965 to 1997. It is said that usage of the term kleptocracy gained ... |
Who ruled Nigeria until he died in 1998? | <text>Who ruled Nigeria until he died in 1998?</text><reasoning>The classic case of a corrupt, exploitive dictator often given is the regime of Marshal Mobutu Sese Seko, who ruled the Democratic Republic of the Congo (which he renamed Zaire) from 1965 to 1997. It is said that usage of the term kleptocracy gained popula... |
How many methods of judiciary corruption are there? | <text>How many methods of judiciary corruption are there?</text><reasoning>There are two methods of corruption of the judiciary: the state (through budget planning and various privileges), and the private. Budget of the judiciary in many transitional and developing countries is almost completely controlled by the execu... |
What part of the government controls the judiciary budget in many developing countries? | <text>What part of the government controls the judiciary budget in many developing countries?</text><reasoning>There are two methods of corruption of the judiciary: the state (through budget planning and various privileges), and the private. Budget of the judiciary in many transitional and developing countries is almos... |
What does executive branch control over judiciary money undermine? | <text>What does executive branch control over judiciary money undermine?</text><reasoning>There are two methods of corruption of the judiciary: the state (through budget planning and various privileges), and the private. Budget of the judiciary in many transitional and developing countries is almost completely controll... |
What type of corruption is hard to get rid of even in developed countries? | <text>What type of corruption is hard to get rid of even in developed countries?</text><reasoning>There are two methods of corruption of the judiciary: the state (through budget planning and various privileges), and the private. Budget of the judiciary in many transitional and developing countries is almost completely ... |
From what did Chinese characters derive? | <text>From what did Chinese characters derive?</text><reasoning>Unlike most languages that use alphabets to indicate the pronunciation, Chinese characters have developed from logograms that do not always give hints to its pronunciation. Although the written characters remained relatively consistent for the last two tho... |
What is another name for the Yue language? | <text>What is another name for the Yue language?</text><reasoning>Unlike most languages that use alphabets to indicate the pronunciation, Chinese characters have developed from logograms that do not always give hints to its pronunciation. Although the written characters remained relatively consistent for the last two t... |
Hakka is a language from what geographic part of China? | <text>Hakka is a language from what geographic part of China?</text><reasoning>Unlike most languages that use alphabets to indicate the pronunciation, Chinese characters have developed from logograms that do not always give hints to its pronunciation. Although the written characters remained relatively consistent for t... |
From the time of the Ming dynasty, what city was the capital of China? | <text>From the time of the Ming dynasty, what city was the capital of China?</text><reasoning>Unlike most languages that use alphabets to indicate the pronunciation, Chinese characters have developed from logograms that do not always give hints to its pronunciation. Although the written characters remained relatively c... |
At its founding. what was the official language of the Republic of China? | <text>At its founding. what was the official language of the Republic of China?</text><reasoning>Unlike most languages that use alphabets to indicate the pronunciation, Chinese characters have developed from logograms that do not always give hints to its pronunciation. Although the written characters remained relativel... |
Selling government property is highly at risk for what? | <text>Selling government property is highly at risk for what?</text><reasoning>Like other governmental economic activities, also privatization, such as in the sale of government-owned property, is particularly at the risk of cronyism. Privatizations in Russia, Latin America, and East Germany were accompanied by large-s... |
What type of people got wealthy from the sale of state-owned companies? | <text>What type of people got wealthy from the sale of state-owned companies?</text><reasoning>Like other governmental economic activities, also privatization, such as in the sale of government-owned property, is particularly at the risk of cronyism. Privatizations in Russia, Latin America, and East Germany were accomp... |
Where is corruption even more prevalent? | <text>Where is corruption even more prevalent?</text><reasoning>Like other governmental economic activities, also privatization, such as in the sale of government-owned property, is particularly at the risk of cronyism. Privatizations in Russia, Latin America, and East Germany were accompanied by large-scale corruption... |
Countries that what have more extralegal and unofficial things going on? | <text>Countries that what have more extralegal and unofficial things going on?</text><reasoning>Like other governmental economic activities, also privatization, such as in the sale of government-owned property, is particularly at the risk of cronyism. Privatizations in Russia, Latin America, and East Germany were accom... |
Public spending has risks of kickbacks, embezzlement and what? | <text>Public spending has risks of kickbacks, embezzlement and what?</text><reasoning>Extensive and diverse public spending is, in itself, inherently at risk of cronyism, kickbacks, and embezzlement. Complicated regulations and arbitrary, unsupervised official conduct exacerbate the problem. This is one argument for pr... |
What type of regulations make corruption worse for public spending? | <text>What type of regulations make corruption worse for public spending?</text><reasoning>Extensive and diverse public spending is, in itself, inherently at risk of cronyism, kickbacks, and embezzlement. Complicated regulations and arbitrary, unsupervised official conduct exacerbate the problem. This is one argument f... |
The potential for corruption in public spending are one of the arguments that favor what? | <text>The potential for corruption in public spending are one of the arguments that favor what?</text><reasoning>Extensive and diverse public spending is, in itself, inherently at risk of cronyism, kickbacks, and embezzlement. Complicated regulations and arbitrary, unsupervised official conduct exacerbate the problem. ... |
What countries have big public sectors but low corruption? | <text>What countries have big public sectors but low corruption?</text><reasoning>Extensive and diverse public spending is, in itself, inherently at risk of cronyism, kickbacks, and embezzlement. Complicated regulations and arbitrary, unsupervised official conduct exacerbate the problem. This is one argument for privat... |
What do the low corruption countries have solidly established? | <text>What do the low corruption countries have solidly established?</text><reasoning>Extensive and diverse public spending is, in itself, inherently at risk of cronyism, kickbacks, and embezzlement. Complicated regulations and arbitrary, unsupervised official conduct exacerbate the problem. This is one argument for pr... |
What trait is the most common way of determining if languages are dialects? | <text>What trait is the most common way of determining if languages are dialects?</text><reasoning>The most common, and most purely linguistic, criterion is that of mutual intelligibility: two varieties are said to be dialects of the same language if being a speaker of one variety confers sufficient knowledge to unders... |
What is the term for when dialects A and B are mutually intelligible, dialect B and C are mutually intelligible, but dialects A and C are not mutually intelligible? | <text>What is the term for when dialects A and B are mutually intelligible, dialect B and C are mutually intelligible, but dialects A and C are not mutually intelligible?</text><reasoning>The most common, and most purely linguistic, criterion is that of mutual intelligibility: two varieties are said to be dialects of t... |
What is the definition of mutual intelligibility? | <text>What is the definition of mutual intelligibility?</text><reasoning>The most common, and most purely linguistic, criterion is that of mutual intelligibility: two varieties are said to be dialects of the same language if being a speaker of one variety confers sufficient knowledge to understand and be understood by ... |
In what country is the Surzhyk dialect spoken? | <text>In what country is the Surzhyk dialect spoken?</text><reasoning>Today the boundaries of the Ukrainian language to the Russian language are still not drawn clearly, with an intermediate dialect between them, called Surzhyk, developing in Ukraine.</reasoning><output>Ukraine</output> |
Surzhyk is a dialect intermediate between the Ukrainian language and what other language? | <text>Surzhyk is a dialect intermediate between the Ukrainian language and what other language?</text><reasoning>Today the boundaries of the Ukrainian language to the Russian language are still not drawn clearly, with an intermediate dialect between them, called Surzhyk, developing in Ukraine.</reasoning><output>Russia... |
Regional Italian dialects are often influenced by regional languages and what other language? | <text>Regional Italian dialects are often influenced by regional languages and what other language?</text><reasoning>Italians in different regions today may also speak regional varieties of standard Italian, or regional Italian dialects, which, unlike the majority of languages of Italy, are actually dialects of standar... |
What Italian word is similar to the French word "avoir"? | <text>What Italian word is similar to the French word "avoir"?</text><reasoning>For example, the Italian and French words for various foods, some family relationships, and body parts are very similar to each other, yet most of those words are completely different in Spanish. Italian "avere" and "essere" as auxiliaries ... |
What French word is similar to the Italian word "essere"? | <text>What French word is similar to the Italian word "essere"?</text><reasoning>For example, the Italian and French words for various foods, some family relationships, and body parts are very similar to each other, yet most of those words are completely different in Spanish. Italian "avere" and "essere" as auxiliaries... |
What two languages have the possibility for significant mutual intelligibility? | <text>What two languages have the possibility for significant mutual intelligibility?</text><reasoning>For example, the Italian and French words for various foods, some family relationships, and body parts are very similar to each other, yet most of those words are completely different in Spanish. Italian "avere" and "... |
Along with foods and family relationships, what sorts of words are similar in French and Italian? | <text>Along with foods and family relationships, what sorts of words are similar in French and Italian?</text><reasoning>For example, the Italian and French words for various foods, some family relationships, and body parts are very similar to each other, yet most of those words are completely different in Spanish. Ita... |
What term refers to another way in which dialects are distinguished from languages? | <text>What term refers to another way in which dialects are distinguished from languages?</text><reasoning>Another occasionally used criterion for discriminating dialects from languages is that of linguistic authority, a more sociolinguistic notion. According to this definition, two varieties are considered dialects of... |
Under the linguistic authority criteria, what is a dialect of German along with Bavarian German? | <text>Under the linguistic authority criteria, what is a dialect of German along with Bavarian German?</text><reasoning>Another occasionally used criterion for discriminating dialects from languages is that of linguistic authority, a more sociolinguistic notion. According to this definition, two varieties are considere... |
Of what group of languages is Yiddish a member? | <text>Of what group of languages is Yiddish a member?</text><reasoning>Another occasionally used criterion for discriminating dialects from languages is that of linguistic authority, a more sociolinguistic notion. According to this definition, two varieties are considered dialects of the same language if (under at leas... |
Why is Yiddish not a dialect of German? | <text>Why is Yiddish not a dialect of German?</text><reasoning>Another occasionally used criterion for discriminating dialects from languages is that of linguistic authority, a more sociolinguistic notion. According to this definition, two varieties are considered dialects of the same language if (under at least some c... |
What does a nonstandard dialect usually not have compared to a standard dialect? | <text>What does a nonstandard dialect usually not have compared to a standard dialect?</text><reasoning>A nonstandard dialect, like a standard dialect, has a complete vocabulary, grammar, and syntax, but is usually not the beneficiary of institutional support. Examples of a nonstandard English dialect are Southern Amer... |
What language is Scouse a dialect of? | <text>What language is Scouse a dialect of?</text><reasoning>A nonstandard dialect, like a standard dialect, has a complete vocabulary, grammar, and syntax, but is usually not the beneficiary of institutional support. Examples of a nonstandard English dialect are Southern American English, Western Australian English, S... |
What was created for the sake of comparing English dialects? | <text>What was created for the sake of comparing English dialects?</text><reasoning>A nonstandard dialect, like a standard dialect, has a complete vocabulary, grammar, and syntax, but is usually not the beneficiary of institutional support. Examples of a nonstandard English dialect are Southern American English, Wester... |
Who came up with the Dialect Test? | <text>Who came up with the Dialect Test?</text><reasoning>A nonstandard dialect, like a standard dialect, has a complete vocabulary, grammar, and syntax, but is usually not the beneficiary of institutional support. Examples of a nonstandard English dialect are Southern American English, Western Australian English, Scou... |
Along with a syntax and grammar, what attribute does a dialect possess? | <text>Along with a syntax and grammar, what attribute does a dialect possess?</text><reasoning>A nonstandard dialect, like a standard dialect, has a complete vocabulary, grammar, and syntax, but is usually not the beneficiary of institutional support. Examples of a nonstandard English dialect are Southern American Engl... |
What language is modern standard Italian derived from? | <text>What language is modern standard Italian derived from?</text><reasoning>Modern standard Italian itself is heavily based on the Latin-derived Florentine Tuscan language. The Tuscan-based language that would eventually become modern standard Italian had been used in poetry and literature since at least the 12th cen... |
What language is Florentine Tuscan based on? | <text>What language is Florentine Tuscan based on?</text><reasoning>Modern standard Italian itself is heavily based on the Latin-derived Florentine Tuscan language. The Tuscan-based language that would eventually become modern standard Italian had been used in poetry and literature since at least the 12th century, and ... |
During what century did Florentine Tuscan begin to be used in poetry? | <text>During what century did Florentine Tuscan begin to be used in poetry?</text><reasoning>Modern standard Italian itself is heavily based on the Latin-derived Florentine Tuscan language. The Tuscan-based language that would eventually become modern standard Italian had been used in poetry and literature since at lea... |
What socioeconomic class used the Florentine Tuscan language in Dante's time? | <text>What socioeconomic class used the Florentine Tuscan language in Dante's time?</text><reasoning>Modern standard Italian itself is heavily based on the Latin-derived Florentine Tuscan language. The Tuscan-based language that would eventually become modern standard Italian had been used in poetry and literature sinc... |
From what region of Italy did Florentine Tuscan derive? | <text>From what region of Italy did Florentine Tuscan derive?</text><reasoning>Modern standard Italian itself is heavily based on the Latin-derived Florentine Tuscan language. The Tuscan-based language that would eventually become modern standard Italian had been used in poetry and literature since at least the 12th ce... |
What nation conquered Ukraine during the First World War? | <text>What nation conquered Ukraine during the First World War?</text><reasoning>The German Empire conquered Ukraine during World War I and was planning on either annexing it or installing a puppet king, but was defeated by the Entente, with major involvement by the Ukrainian Bolsheviks. After conquering the rest of Uk... |
What alliance defeated the German Empire in World War I? | <text>What alliance defeated the German Empire in World War I?</text><reasoning>The German Empire conquered Ukraine during World War I and was planning on either annexing it or installing a puppet king, but was defeated by the Entente, with major involvement by the Ukrainian Bolsheviks. After conquering the rest of Ukr... |
What Ukrainian political group was involved in the defeat of the German Empire? | <text>What Ukrainian political group was involved in the defeat of the German Empire?</text><reasoning>The German Empire conquered Ukraine during World War I and was planning on either annexing it or installing a puppet king, but was defeated by the Entente, with major involvement by the Ukrainian Bolsheviks. After con... |
Who did the Ukrainian Bolsheviks conquer the Ukraine from? | <text>Who did the Ukrainian Bolsheviks conquer the Ukraine from?</text><reasoning>The German Empire conquered Ukraine during World War I and was planning on either annexing it or installing a puppet king, but was defeated by the Entente, with major involvement by the Ukrainian Bolsheviks. After conquering the rest of U... |
During what century did the Russian government claim that Ukrainian was a Russian dialect? | <text>During what century did the Russian government claim that Ukrainian was a Russian dialect?</text><reasoning>In the 19th century, the Tsarist Government of the Russian Empire claimed that Ukrainian was merely a dialect of Russian and not a language on its own. The differences were few and caused by the conquest of... |
What Russian government claimed that Ukrainian was not a distinct language? | <text>What Russian government claimed that Ukrainian was not a distinct language?</text><reasoning>In the 19th century, the Tsarist Government of the Russian Empire claimed that Ukrainian was merely a dialect of Russian and not a language on its own. The differences were few and caused by the conquest of western Ukrain... |
The conquest of western Ukraine by what country altered the language of Ukraine? | <text>The conquest of western Ukraine by what country altered the language of Ukraine?</text><reasoning>In the 19th century, the Tsarist Government of the Russian Empire claimed that Ukrainian was merely a dialect of Russian and not a language on its own. The differences were few and caused by the conquest of western U... |
What are Italian dialects termed in the Italian language? | <text>What are Italian dialects termed in the Italian language?</text><reasoning>Italy is home to a vast array of native regional minority languages, most of which are Romance-based and have their own local variants. These regional languages are often referred to colloquially or in non-linguistic circles as Italian "di... |
What language are many Italian dialects derived from? | <text>What language are many Italian dialects derived from?</text><reasoning>Italy is home to a vast array of native regional minority languages, most of which are Romance-based and have their own local variants. These regional languages are often referred to colloquially or in non-linguistic circles as Italian "dialec... |
What does 'dialetti' mean in Italian? | <text>What does 'dialetti' mean in Italian?</text><reasoning>Italy is home to a vast array of native regional minority languages, most of which are Romance-based and have their own local variants. These regional languages are often referred to colloquially or in non-linguistic circles as Italian "dialects," or dialetti... |
Why might Italian dialects be regarded as independent languages rather than dialects of standard Italian? | <text>Why might Italian dialects be regarded as independent languages rather than dialects of standard Italian?</text><reasoning>Italy is home to a vast array of native regional minority languages, most of which are Romance-based and have their own local variants. These regional languages are often referred to colloqui... |
Campidanese Sardinian is a variant of what language? | <text>Campidanese Sardinian is a variant of what language?</text><reasoning>The Sardinian language is considered to be its own Romance language family, separate not only from standard Italian but also the wider Italo-Dalmatian family, and it includes the Campidanese Sardinian and Logudorese Sardinian variants. However,... |
What language is Sassarese closely related to? | <text>What language is Sassarese closely related to?</text><reasoning>The Sardinian language is considered to be its own Romance language family, separate not only from standard Italian but also the wider Italo-Dalmatian family, and it includes the Campidanese Sardinian and Logudorese Sardinian variants. However, Gallu... |
What language family does Gallurese belong to? | <text>What language family does Gallurese belong to?</text><reasoning>The Sardinian language is considered to be its own Romance language family, separate not only from standard Italian but also the wider Italo-Dalmatian family, and it includes the Campidanese Sardinian and Logudorese Sardinian variants. However, Gallu... |
What language family does Ligurian belong to? | <text>What language family does Ligurian belong to?</text><reasoning>The Sardinian language is considered to be its own Romance language family, separate not only from standard Italian but also the wider Italo-Dalmatian family, and it includes the Campidanese Sardinian and Logudorese Sardinian variants. However, Gallur... |
Where is the Catalan Algherese dialect spoken? | <text>Where is the Catalan Algherese dialect spoken?</text><reasoning>The Sardinian language is considered to be its own Romance language family, separate not only from standard Italian but also the wider Italo-Dalmatian family, and it includes the Campidanese Sardinian and Logudorese Sardinian variants. However, Gallu... |
Lebanese people of what religion sometimes consider Lebanese to be a distinct language? | <text>Lebanese people of what religion sometimes consider Lebanese to be a distinct language?</text><reasoning>In Lebanon, a part of the Christian population considers "Lebanese" to be in some sense a distinct language from Arabic and not merely a dialect. During the civil war Christians often used Lebanese Arabic offi... |
In what language are Lebanese laws written? | <text>In what language are Lebanese laws written?</text><reasoning>In Lebanon, a part of the Christian population considers "Lebanese" to be in some sense a distinct language from Arabic and not merely a dialect. During the civil war Christians often used Lebanese Arabic officially, and sporadically used the Latin scri... |
During the Lebanese Civil War, what language did Lebanese Christians sometimes use officially? | <text>During the Lebanese Civil War, what language did Lebanese Christians sometimes use officially?</text><reasoning>In Lebanon, a part of the Christian population considers "Lebanese" to be in some sense a distinct language from Arabic and not merely a dialect. During the civil war Christians often used Lebanese Arab... |
What language is Lebanese closely related to? | <text>What language is Lebanese closely related to?</text><reasoning>In Lebanon, a part of the Christian population considers "Lebanese" to be in some sense a distinct language from Arabic and not merely a dialect. During the civil war Christians often used Lebanese Arabic officially, and sporadically used the Latin sc... |
What script did Lebanese Christians sometimes use to write Lebanese Arabic during the civil war? | <text>What script did Lebanese Christians sometimes use to write Lebanese Arabic during the civil war?</text><reasoning>In Lebanon, a part of the Christian population considers "Lebanese" to be in some sense a distinct language from Arabic and not merely a dialect. During the civil war Christians often used Lebanese Ar... |
What language family do most of the languages of Italy belong to? | <text>What language family do most of the languages of Italy belong to?</text><reasoning>The languages of Italy are primarily Latin-based Romance languages, with the most widely spoken languages falling within the Italo-Dalmatian language family. This wide category includes:</reasoning><output>Italo-Dalmatian</output> |
What language are most languages of Italy derived from? | <text>What language are most languages of Italy derived from?</text><reasoning>The languages of Italy are primarily Latin-based Romance languages, with the most widely spoken languages falling within the Italo-Dalmatian language family. This wide category includes:</reasoning><output>Latin</output> |
Aside from Italo-Dalmatian, what is another term for the group that Italian languages belong to? | <text>Aside from Italo-Dalmatian, what is another term for the group that Italian languages belong to?</text><reasoning>The languages of Italy are primarily Latin-based Romance languages, with the most widely spoken languages falling within the Italo-Dalmatian language family. This wide category includes:</reasoning><o... |
From the perspective of historical linguists, what are Romance languages dialects of? | <text>From the perspective of historical linguists, what are Romance languages dialects of?</text><reasoning>Many historical linguists view any speech form as a dialect of the older medium of communication from which it developed.[citation needed] This point of view sees the modern Romance languages as dialects of Lati... |
What do many historical linguists consider modern Greek to be a dialect of? | <text>What do many historical linguists consider modern Greek to be a dialect of?</text><reasoning>Many historical linguists view any speech form as a dialect of the older medium of communication from which it developed.[citation needed] This point of view sees the modern Romance languages as dialects of Latin, modern ... |
From what language is North Germanic derived? | <text>From what language is North Germanic derived?</text><reasoning>Many historical linguists view any speech form as a dialect of the older medium of communication from which it developed.[citation needed] This point of view sees the modern Romance languages as dialects of Latin, modern Greek as a dialect of Ancient ... |
Tok Pisin might be regarded as a dialect of what language? | <text>Tok Pisin might be regarded as a dialect of what language?</text><reasoning>Many historical linguists view any speech form as a dialect of the older medium of communication from which it developed.[citation needed] This point of view sees the modern Romance languages as dialects of Latin, modern Greek as a dialec... |
Along with Serbian, with what language is Macedonian mutually intelligible? | <text>Along with Serbian, with what language is Macedonian mutually intelligible?</text><reasoning>Similar examples abound. Macedonian, although mutually intelligible with Bulgarian, certain dialects of Serbian and to a lesser extent the rest of the South Slavic dialect continuum, is considered by Bulgarian linguists t... |
What dialect continuum does Macedonian belong to? | <text>What dialect continuum does Macedonian belong to?</text><reasoning>Similar examples abound. Macedonian, although mutually intelligible with Bulgarian, certain dialects of Serbian and to a lesser extent the rest of the South Slavic dialect continuum, is considered by Bulgarian linguists to be a Bulgarian dialect, ... |
What do Bulgarian linguists regard the Macedonian language as? | <text>What do Bulgarian linguists regard the Macedonian language as?</text><reasoning>Similar examples abound. Macedonian, although mutually intelligible with Bulgarian, certain dialects of Serbian and to a lesser extent the rest of the South Slavic dialect continuum, is considered by Bulgarian linguists to be a Bulgar... |
In what year was a Macedonian literary standard established? | <text>In what year was a Macedonian literary standard established?</text><reasoning>Similar examples abound. Macedonian, although mutually intelligible with Bulgarian, certain dialects of Serbian and to a lesser extent the rest of the South Slavic dialect continuum, is considered by Bulgarian linguists to be a Bulgaria... |
In what country is Macedonian most commonly spoken? | <text>In what country is Macedonian most commonly spoken?</text><reasoning>Similar examples abound. Macedonian, although mutually intelligible with Bulgarian, certain dialects of Serbian and to a lesser extent the rest of the South Slavic dialect continuum, is considered by Bulgarian linguists to be a Bulgarian dialect... |
During what war did a large number of Italian men first learn standard Italian? | <text>During what war did a large number of Italian men first learn standard Italian?</text><reasoning>In the early 20th century, the vast conscription of Italian men from all throughout Italy during World War I is credited with facilitating the diffusion of standard Italian among less educated Italian men, as these me... |
Along with radio and public education, what invention helped to diffuse standard Italian among the Italian population? | <text>Along with radio and public education, what invention helped to diffuse standard Italian among the Italian population?</text><reasoning>In the early 20th century, the vast conscription of Italian men from all throughout Italy during World War I is credited with facilitating the diffusion of standard Italian among... |
In modern Italy, what class of people are regional languages sometimes associated with? | <text>In modern Italy, what class of people are regional languages sometimes associated with?</text><reasoning>In the early 20th century, the vast conscription of Italian men from all throughout Italy during World War I is credited with facilitating the diffusion of standard Italian among less educated Italian men, as ... |
Along with formal settings, where do some Italians avoid speaking their regional language? | <text>Along with formal settings, where do some Italians avoid speaking their regional language?</text><reasoning>In the early 20th century, the vast conscription of Italian men from all throughout Italy during World War I is credited with facilitating the diffusion of standard Italian among less educated Italian men, ... |
Aside from when they're speaking to Italians from their same town or region, where is a common place where Italians speak their regional language? | <text>Aside from when they're speaking to Italians from their same town or region, where is a common place where Italians speak their regional language?</text><reasoning>In the early 20th century, the vast conscription of Italian men from all throughout Italy during World War I is credited with facilitating the diffusi... |
Along with Morocco and Tunisia, in what country are the Darijas spoken? | <text>Along with Morocco and Tunisia, in what country are the Darijas spoken?</text><reasoning>In Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco, the Darijas (spoken North African languages) are sometimes considered more different from other Arabic dialects. Officially, North African countries prefer to give preference to the Literary ... |
What is the liturgical language of Islam? | <text>What is the liturgical language of Islam?</text><reasoning>In Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco, the Darijas (spoken North African languages) are sometimes considered more different from other Arabic dialects. Officially, North African countries prefer to give preference to the Literary Arabic and conduct much of the... |
In what language is the Qur'an written? | <text>In what language is the Qur'an written?</text><reasoning>In Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco, the Darijas (spoken North African languages) are sometimes considered more different from other Arabic dialects. Officially, North African countries prefer to give preference to the Literary Arabic and conduct much of their... |
What does the term Dariajs refer to? | <text>What does the term Dariajs refer to?</text><reasoning>In Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco, the Darijas (spoken North African languages) are sometimes considered more different from other Arabic dialects. Officially, North African countries prefer to give preference to the Literary Arabic and conduct much of their po... |
What is the dominant religion of North Africa? | <text>What is the dominant religion of North Africa?</text><reasoning>In Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco, the Darijas (spoken North African languages) are sometimes considered more different from other Arabic dialects. Officially, North African countries prefer to give preference to the Literary Arabic and conduct much o... |
When did the term "classical music" appear? | <text>When did the term "classical music" appear?</text><reasoning>The term "classical music" did not appear until the early 19th century, in an attempt to distinctly canonize the period from Johann Sebastian Bach to Beethoven as a golden age. The earliest reference to "classical music" recorded by the Oxford English D... |
What period is referred to as a "golden age"? | <text>What period is referred to as a "golden age"?</text><reasoning>The term "classical music" did not appear until the early 19th century, in an attempt to distinctly canonize the period from Johann Sebastian Bach to Beethoven as a golden age. The earliest reference to "classical music" recorded by the Oxford English... |
What year is the earliest reference to 'classical music'? | <text>What year is the earliest reference to 'classical music'?</text><reasoning>The term "classical music" did not appear until the early 19th century, in an attempt to distinctly canonize the period from Johann Sebastian Bach to Beethoven as a golden age. The earliest reference to "classical music" recorded by the Ox... |
What book holds the earliest reference to 'classical music'? | <text>What book holds the earliest reference to 'classical music'?</text><reasoning>The term "classical music" did not appear until the early 19th century, in an attempt to distinctly canonize the period from Johann Sebastian Bach to Beethoven as a golden age. The earliest reference to "classical music" recorded by the... |
What term did not appear until the early 19th century? | <text>What term did not appear until the early 19th century?</text><reasoning>The term "classical music" did not appear until the early 19th century, in an attempt to distinctly canonize the period from Johann Sebastian Bach to Beethoven as a golden age. The earliest reference to "classical music" recorded by the Oxfor... |
What 'age' is the period from Johann Sebastian Bach to Beethoven referred to as? | <text>What 'age' is the period from Johann Sebastian Bach to Beethoven referred to as?</text><reasoning>The term "classical music" did not appear until the early 19th century, in an attempt to distinctly canonize the period from Johann Sebastian Bach to Beethoven as a golden age. The earliest reference to "classical mu... |
What year was the earliest reference to classical music? | <text>What year was the earliest reference to classical music?</text><reasoning>The term "classical music" did not appear until the early 19th century, in an attempt to distinctly canonize the period from Johann Sebastian Bach to Beethoven as a golden age. The earliest reference to "classical music" recorded by the Oxf... |
In what book was the earliest reference to classical music? | <text>In what book was the earliest reference to classical music?</text><reasoning>The term "classical music" did not appear until the early 19th century, in an attempt to distinctly canonize the period from Johann Sebastian Bach to Beethoven as a golden age. The earliest reference to "classical music" recorded by the ... |
What is a major reason why the Latin-based regional Romance languages of Italy should be regarded as independent languages rather than dialects of each other? | <text>What is a major reason why the Latin-based regional Romance languages of Italy should be regarded as independent languages rather than dialects of each other?</text><reasoning>In addition to having evolved, for the most part, separately from one another and with distinct individual histories, the Latin-based regi... |
From what region of Italy does the Eastern Lombard dialect hail? | <text>From what region of Italy does the Eastern Lombard dialect hail?</text><reasoning>In addition to having evolved, for the most part, separately from one another and with distinct individual histories, the Latin-based regional Romance languages of Italy are also better classified as separate languages rather than t... |
What language family does Eastern Lombard belong to? | <text>What language family does Eastern Lombard belong to?</text><reasoning>In addition to having evolved, for the most part, separately from one another and with distinct individual histories, the Latin-based regional Romance languages of Italy are also better classified as separate languages rather than true "dialect... |
What type of language is Sicilian? | <text>What type of language is Sicilian?</text><reasoning>In addition to having evolved, for the most part, separately from one another and with distinct individual histories, the Latin-based regional Romance languages of Italy are also better classified as separate languages rather than true "dialects" due to the ofte... |
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