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When did indices on corruption first appear?	<text>When did indices on corruption first appear?</text><reasoning>Measuring corruption statistically is difficult if not impossible due to the illicit nature of the transaction and imprecise definitions of corruption. While "corruption" indices first appeared in 1995 with the Corruption Perceptions Index CPI, all of ...
What was the first index on corruption, in 1995?	<text>What was the first index on corruption, in 1995?</text><reasoning>Measuring corruption statistically is difficult if not impossible due to the illicit nature of the transaction and imprecise definitions of corruption. While "corruption" indices first appeared in 1995 with the Corruption Perceptions Index CPI, all...
What magazine had articles about Castro benefiting from corruption?	<text>What magazine had articles about Castro benefiting from corruption?</text><reasoning>More recently, articles in various financial periodicals, most notably Forbes magazine, have pointed to Fidel Castro, General Secretary of the Republic of Cuba since 1959, of likely being the beneficiary of up to $900 million, ba...
The $900 million Forbes said Castro took may only be what of his total assets?	<text>The $900 million Forbes said Castro took may only be what of his total assets?</text><reasoning>More recently, articles in various financial periodicals, most notably Forbes magazine, have pointed to Fidel Castro, General Secretary of the Republic of Cuba since 1959, of likely being the beneficiary of up to $900 ...
What is Fidel Castro's official title?	<text>What is Fidel Castro's official title?</text><reasoning>More recently, articles in various financial periodicals, most notably Forbes magazine, have pointed to Fidel Castro, General Secretary of the Republic of Cuba since 1959, of likely being the beneficiary of up to $900 million, based on "his control" of state...
What is it called when higher ups in government embezzle from the government's treasury?	<text>What is it called when higher ups in government embezzle from the government's treasury?</text><reasoning>If the highest echelons of the governments also take advantage from corruption or embezzlement from the state's treasury, it is sometimes referred with the neologism kleptocracy. Members of the government can...
What examples of natural resources do some corrupt officials in government take?	<text>What examples of natural resources do some corrupt officials in government take?</text><reasoning>If the highest echelons of the governments also take advantage from corruption or embezzlement from the state's treasury, it is sometimes referred with the neologism kleptocracy. Members of the government can take ad...
Some corrupt governments use what type of money coming in?	<text>Some corrupt governments use what type of money coming in?</text><reasoning>If the highest echelons of the governments also take advantage from corruption or embezzlement from the state's treasury, it is sometimes referred with the neologism kleptocracy. Members of the government can take advantage of the natural...
Foreign aid money is sometimes used to build fancy structures and to buy what?	<text>Foreign aid money is sometimes used to build fancy structures and to buy what?</text><reasoning>If the highest echelons of the governments also take advantage from corruption or embezzlement from the state's treasury, it is sometimes referred with the neologism kleptocracy. Members of the government can take adva...
What did the analysis show mixed results for?	<text>What did the analysis show mixed results for?</text><reasoning>An analysis of the evolution of mass media in the US and Europe since World War II noted mixed results from the growth of the Internet: "The digital revolution has been good for freedom of expression [and] information [but] has had mixed effects on fr...
What was disrupted by Internet growth for the press?	<text>What was disrupted by Internet growth for the press?</text><reasoning>An analysis of the evolution of mass media in the US and Europe since World War II noted mixed results from the growth of the Internet: "The digital revolution has been good for freedom of expression [and] information [but] has had mixed effect...
How much has new types of Internet journalism replaced what has been lost in the press?	<text>How much has new types of Internet journalism replaced what has been lost in the press?</text><reasoning>An analysis of the evolution of mass media in the US and Europe since World War II noted mixed results from the growth of the Internet: "The digital revolution has been good for freedom of expression [and] inf...
Radio broadcasts and what help deter corruption?	<text>Radio broadcasts and what help deter corruption?</text><reasoning>Mobile telecommunications and radio broadcasting help to fight corruption, especially in developing regions like Africa, where other forms of communications are limited. In India, the anti-corruption bureau fights against corruption, and a new ombu...
What country is used as an example for limited forms of communications?	<text>What country is used as an example for limited forms of communications?</text><reasoning>Mobile telecommunications and radio broadcasting help to fight corruption, especially in developing regions like Africa, where other forms of communications are limited. In India, the anti-corruption bureau fights against cor...
Who works against corruption in India?	<text>Who works against corruption in India?</text><reasoning>Mobile telecommunications and radio broadcasting help to fight corruption, especially in developing regions like Africa, where other forms of communications are limited. In India, the anti-corruption bureau fights against corruption, and a new ombudsman bill...
What new ombudsman bill is being readied in India?	<text>What new ombudsman bill is being readied in India?</text><reasoning>Mobile telecommunications and radio broadcasting help to fight corruption, especially in developing regions like Africa, where other forms of communications are limited. In India, the anti-corruption bureau fights against corruption, and a new om...
After what entities are German dialects traditionally named?	<text>After what entities are German dialects traditionally named?</text><reasoning>The German dialects show a wide spectrum of variation. Most of them are not mutually intelligible. German dialectology traditionally names the major dialect groups after Germanic tribes from which they were assumed to have descended.[ci...
What decade saw international initiatives to combat corruption?	<text>What decade saw international initiatives to combat corruption?</text><reasoning>In the 1990s, initiatives were taken at an international level (in particular by the European Community, the Council of Europe, the OECD) to put a ban on corruption: in 1996, the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe, for i...
Who started the Programme of Action?	<text>Who started the Programme of Action?</text><reasoning>In the 1990s, initiatives were taken at an international level (in particular by the European Community, the Council of Europe, the OECD) to put a ban on corruption: in 1996, the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe, for instance, adopted a comprehe...
What did the Programme of Action issue?	<text>What did the Programme of Action issue?</text><reasoning>In the 1990s, initiatives were taken at an international level (in particular by the European Community, the Council of Europe, the OECD) to put a ban on corruption: in 1996, the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe, for instance, adopted a compr...
What term avoids distinguishing between languages and dialects?	<text>What term avoids distinguishing between languages and dialects?</text><reasoning>There are various terms that linguists may use to avoid taking a position on whether the speech of a community is an independent language in its own right or a dialect of another language. Perhaps the most common is "variety"; "lect"...
What is the most common way of referring to a language without making the determination of whether it's a dialect or independent language?	<text>What is the most common way of referring to a language without making the determination of whether it's a dialect or independent language?</text><reasoning>There are various terms that linguists may use to avoid taking a position on whether the speech of a community is an independent language in its own right or ...
Selling or trading government position influence is called what?	<text>Selling or trading government position influence is called what?</text><reasoning>Trading in influence, or influence peddling, refers a person selling his/her influence over the decision making process to benefit a third party (person or institution). The difference with bribery is that this is a tri-lateral rela...
Selling influence can involve third-parties and this is called what type of relation?	<text>Selling influence can involve third-parties and this is called what type of relation?</text><reasoning>Trading in influence, or influence peddling, refers a person selling his/her influence over the decision making process to benefit a third party (person or institution). The difference with bribery is that this ...
In some situations the third-party in an influence peddling crime may be not involved or may be what?	<text>In some situations the third-party in an influence peddling crime may be not involved or may be what?</text><reasoning>Trading in influence, or influence peddling, refers a person selling his/her influence over the decision making process to benefit a third party (person or institution). The difference with bribe...
Where lobbying is controlled, what does it provide for consideration to determine improper influencing?	<text>Where lobbying is controlled, what does it provide for consideration to determine improper influencing?</text><reasoning>Trading in influence, or influence peddling, refers a person selling his/her influence over the decision making process to benefit a third party (person or institution). The difference with bri...
What article of the Criminal Law Convention on Corruption contains distinctive criteria to determine improper influence?	<text>What article of the Criminal Law Convention on Corruption contains distinctive criteria to determine improper influence?</text><reasoning>Trading in influence, or influence peddling, refers a person selling his/her influence over the decision making process to benefit a third party (person or institution). The di...
What is the public official's share called when involved in corrupt bidding?	<text>What is the public official's share called when involved in corrupt bidding?</text><reasoning>A kickback is an official's share of misappropriated funds allocated from his or her organization to an organization involved in corrupt bidding. For example, suppose that a politician is in charge of choosing how to spe...
A contract can be given to someone who is not the best what?	<text>A contract can be given to someone who is not the best what?</text><reasoning>A kickback is an official's share of misappropriated funds allocated from his or her organization to an organization involved in corrupt bidding. For example, suppose that a politician is in charge of choosing how to spend some public f...
How many measures does Transparency International publish right now?	<text>How many measures does Transparency International publish right now?</text><reasoning>Transparency International, an anti-corruption NGO, pioneered this field with the CPI, first released in 1995. This work is often credited with breaking a taboo and forcing the issue of corruption into high level development pol...
What is the measure that Transparency International publishes that looks at the willingness of a foreign company to pay a bribe?	<text>What is the measure that Transparency International publishes that looks at the willingness of a foreign company to pay a bribe?</text><reasoning>Transparency International, an anti-corruption NGO, pioneered this field with the CPI, first released in 1995. This work is often credited with breaking a taboo and for...
What is the measure that it publishes that involves polling to determine the public's take on how corrupt various countries are?	<text>What is the measure that it publishes that involves polling to determine the public's take on how corrupt various countries are?</text><reasoning>Transparency International, an anti-corruption NGO, pioneered this field with the CPI, first released in 1995. This work is often credited with breaking a taboo and for...
When was the CPI first released?	<text>When was the CPI first released?</text><reasoning>Transparency International, an anti-corruption NGO, pioneered this field with the CPI, first released in 1995. This work is often credited with breaking a taboo and forcing the issue of corruption into high level development policy discourse. Transparency Internat...
Which index studies the correlation of corruption and military in a country?	<text>Which index studies the correlation of corruption and military in a country?</text><reasoning>Transparency International, an anti-corruption NGO, pioneered this field with the CPI, first released in 1995. This work is often credited with breaking a taboo and forcing the issue of corruption into high level develop...
The language of the Pennsylvania Dutch is a dialect of what language?	<text>The language of the Pennsylvania Dutch is a dialect of what language?</text><reasoning>The terms "language" and "dialect" are not necessarily mutually exclusive: There is nothing contradictory in the statement "the language of the Pennsylvania Dutch is a dialect of German".</reasoning><output>German</output>
What does GRECO stand for?	<text>What does GRECO stand for?</text><reasoning>The purpose of these instruments was to address the various forms of corruption (involving the public sector, the private sector, the financing of political activities, etc.) whether they had a strictly domestic or also a transnational dimension. To monitor the implemen...
What is the name of the French equivalent of GRECO?	<text>What is the name of the French equivalent of GRECO?</text><reasoning>The purpose of these instruments was to address the various forms of corruption (involving the public sector, the private sector, the financing of political activities, etc.) whether they had a strictly domestic or also a transnational dimension...
The instruments used to point out the different corrupt forms looked to see if they were rigidly domestic or what?	<text>The instruments used to point out the different corrupt forms looked to see if they were rigidly domestic or what?</text><reasoning>The purpose of these instruments was to address the various forms of corruption (involving the public sector, the private sector, the financing of political activities, etc.) whether...
With what social class it the standard dialect commonly associated?	<text>With what social class it the standard dialect commonly associated?</text><reasoning>In many societies, however, a particular dialect, often the sociolect of the elite class, comes to be identified as the "standard" or "proper" version of a language by those seeking to make a social distinction, and is contrasted...
What social status is the term "dialect" sometimes associated with?	<text>What social status is the term "dialect" sometimes associated with?</text><reasoning>In many societies, however, a particular dialect, often the sociolect of the elite class, comes to be identified as the "standard" or "proper" version of a language by those seeking to make a social distinction, and is contrasted...