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In a battlefield does not have natural light what could you use instead? | <text>In a battlefield does not have natural light what could you use instead?</text><reasoning>From a military standpoint, lighting is a critical part of the battlefield conditions. Shadows are good places to hide, while bright areas are more exposed. It is often beneficial to fight with the Sun or other light source ... |
Modern warfare has seen the increased use of what? | <text>Modern warfare has seen the increased use of what?</text><reasoning>From a military standpoint, lighting is a critical part of the battlefield conditions. Shadows are good places to hide, while bright areas are more exposed. It is often beneficial to fight with the Sun or other light source behind you, giving you... |
Who documented 23 surgical patients assigned rooms looking out on a natural scene? | <text>Who documented 23 surgical patients assigned rooms looking out on a natural scene?</text><reasoning>A study conducted in 1972 and 1981, documented by Robert Ulrich, surveyed 23 surgical patients assigned to rooms looking out on a natural scene. The study concluded that patients assigned to rooms with windows allo... |
Who offers the Lighting Certification Examination? | <text>Who offers the Lighting Certification Examination?</text><reasoning>The National Council on Qualifications for the Lighting Professions (NCQLP) offers the Lighting Certification Examination which tests rudimentary lighting design principles. Individuals who pass this exam become ‘Lighting Certified’ and may appen... |
What does NCQLP stand for? | <text>What does NCQLP stand for?</text><reasoning>The National Council on Qualifications for the Lighting Professions (NCQLP) offers the Lighting Certification Examination which tests rudimentary lighting design principles. Individuals who pass this exam become ‘Lighting Certified’ and may append the abbreviation LC to... |
Which abbreviation can you append to your name after becoming Lighting Certified? | <text>Which abbreviation can you append to your name after becoming Lighting Certified?</text><reasoning>The National Council on Qualifications for the Lighting Professions (NCQLP) offers the Lighting Certification Examination which tests rudimentary lighting design principles. Individuals who pass this exam become ‘Li... |
What other national examinations are available? | <text>What other national examinations are available?</text><reasoning>The National Council on Qualifications for the Lighting Professions (NCQLP) offers the Lighting Certification Examination which tests rudimentary lighting design principles. Individuals who pass this exam become ‘Lighting Certified’ and may append t... |
What was the original definition of a cardinal priest? | <text>What was the original definition of a cardinal priest?</text><reasoning>In modern times, the name "cardinal priest" is interpreted as meaning a cardinal who is of the order of priests. Originally, however, this referred to certain key priests of important churches of the Diocese of Rome, who were recognized as th... |
What is the basic SI unit of measurement? | <text>What is the basic SI unit of measurement?</text><reasoning>Measurement of light or photometry is generally concerned with the amount of useful light falling on a surface and the amount of light emerging from a lamp or other source, along with the colors that can be rendered by this light. The human eye responds d... |
What is the SI unit for lumiance? | <text>What is the SI unit for lumiance?</text><reasoning>Measurement of light or photometry is generally concerned with the amount of useful light falling on a surface and the amount of light emerging from a lamp or other source, along with the colors that can be rendered by this light. The human eye responds different... |
What is the CGS unit of lumiance? | <text>What is the CGS unit of lumiance?</text><reasoning>Measurement of light or photometry is generally concerned with the amount of useful light falling on a surface and the amount of light emerging from a lamp or other source, along with the colors that can be rendered by this light. The human eye responds different... |
What is the amount of useful light emitted from a luminous flux measured in? | <text>What is the amount of useful light emitted from a luminous flux measured in?</text><reasoning>Measurement of light or photometry is generally concerned with the amount of useful light falling on a surface and the amount of light emerging from a lamp or other source, along with the colors that can be rendered by t... |
What is the removable and replaceable part of a light fixture? | <text>What is the removable and replaceable part of a light fixture?</text><reasoning>Commonly called 'light bulbs', lamps are the removable and replaceable part of a light fixture, which converts electrical energy into electromagnetic radiation. While lamps have traditionally been rated and marketed primarily in terms... |
What does a light bulb convert into electromagnetic radiation? | <text>What does a light bulb convert into electromagnetic radiation?</text><reasoning>Commonly called 'light bulbs', lamps are the removable and replaceable part of a light fixture, which converts electrical energy into electromagnetic radiation. While lamps have traditionally been rated and marketed primarily in terms... |
How many lemuns does a 15 watt fluorescent lamp produce? | <text>How many lemuns does a 15 watt fluorescent lamp produce?</text><reasoning>Commonly called 'light bulbs', lamps are the removable and replaceable part of a light fixture, which converts electrical energy into electromagnetic radiation. While lamps have traditionally been rated and marketed primarily in terms of th... |
What is a basic concept of deciding how much illumination is required for a given task? | <text>What is a basic concept of deciding how much illumination is required for a given task?</text><reasoning>Specification of illumination requirements is the basic concept of deciding how much illumination is required for a given task. Clearly, much less light is required to illuminate a hallway compared to that nee... |
What is known as artificial light that is excessive or intrusive? | <text>What is known as artificial light that is excessive or intrusive?</text><reasoning>Light pollution is a growing problem in reaction to excess light being given off by numerous signs, houses, and buildings. Polluting light is often wasted light involving unnecessary energy costs and carbon dioxide emissions. Light... |
What causes sharp shadows around buildings? | <text>What causes sharp shadows around buildings?</text><reasoning>Light pollution is a growing problem in reaction to excess light being given off by numerous signs, houses, and buildings. Polluting light is often wasted light involving unnecessary energy costs and carbon dioxide emissions. Light pollution is describe... |
What does the IESNA stand for? | <text>What does the IESNA stand for?</text><reasoning>The Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA), in conjunction with organizations like ANSI and ASHRAE, publishes guidelines, standards, and handbooks that allow categorization of the illumination needs of different built environments. Manufacturers o... |
Who else publishes along with IESNA? | <text>Who else publishes along with IESNA?</text><reasoning>The Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA), in conjunction with organizations like ANSI and ASHRAE, publishes guidelines, standards, and handbooks that allow categorization of the illumination needs of different built environments. Manufactu... |
What defines photo metric data? | <text>What defines photo metric data?</text><reasoning>The Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA), in conjunction with organizations like ANSI and ASHRAE, publishes guidelines, standards, and handbooks that allow categorization of the illumination needs of different built environments. Manufacturers ... |
What devised a method where kerosene could be distilled from petroleum? | <text>What devised a method where kerosene could be distilled from petroleum?</text><reasoning>In 1849, Dr. Abraham Gesner, a Canadian geologist, devised a method where kerosene could be distilled from petroleum. Earlier coal-gas methods had been used for lighting since the 1820s, but they were expensive. Gesner's kero... |
What year was it discovered that petroleum could be distilled into kerosene? | <text>What year was it discovered that petroleum could be distilled into kerosene?</text><reasoning>In 1849, Dr. Abraham Gesner, a Canadian geologist, devised a method where kerosene could be distilled from petroleum. Earlier coal-gas methods had been used for lighting since the 1820s, but they were expensive. Gesner's... |
What method of lighting have been used since 1820s? | <text>What method of lighting have been used since 1820s?</text><reasoning>In 1849, Dr. Abraham Gesner, a Canadian geologist, devised a method where kerosene could be distilled from petroleum. Earlier coal-gas methods had been used for lighting since the 1820s, but they were expensive. Gesner's kerosene was cheap, easy... |
What is the only branch of U.S. government imbued with lawmaking abilities? | <text>What is the only branch of U.S. government imbued with lawmaking abilities?</text><reasoning>Congress has the sole power to legislate for the United States. Under the nondelegation doctrine, Congress may not delegate its lawmaking responsibilities to any other agency. In this vein, the Supreme Court held in the 1... |
Which court case upheld the rule of nondelegation? | <text>Which court case upheld the rule of nondelegation?</text><reasoning>Congress has the sole power to legislate for the United States. Under the nondelegation doctrine, Congress may not delegate its lawmaking responsibilities to any other agency. In this vein, the Supreme Court held in the 1998 case Clinton v. City ... |
When was Clinton v. City of New York decided by the Supreme Court? | <text>When was Clinton v. City of New York decided by the Supreme Court?</text><reasoning>Congress has the sole power to legislate for the United States. Under the nondelegation doctrine, Congress may not delegate its lawmaking responsibilities to any other agency. In this vein, the Supreme Court held in the 1998 case ... |
In the US who has the sole power to pass legislation? | <text>In the US who has the sole power to pass legislation?</text><reasoning>Congress has the sole power to legislate for the United States. Under the nondelegation doctrine, Congress may not delegate its lawmaking responsibilities to any other agency. In this vein, the Supreme Court held in the 1998 case Clinton v. Ci... |
What is the doctrine called that does not allow congress to pass on their power to pass laws to any other agency? | <text>What is the doctrine called that does not allow congress to pass on their power to pass laws to any other agency?</text><reasoning>Congress has the sole power to legislate for the United States. Under the nondelegation doctrine, Congress may not delegate its lawmaking responsibilities to any other agency. In this... |
What was the court case that struck down the line item veto? | <text>What was the court case that struck down the line item veto?</text><reasoning>Congress has the sole power to legislate for the United States. Under the nondelegation doctrine, Congress may not delegate its lawmaking responsibilities to any other agency. In this vein, the Supreme Court held in the 1998 case Clinto... |
What year was Clinton v. City of New York decided by the supreme court? | <text>What year was Clinton v. City of New York decided by the supreme court?</text><reasoning>Congress has the sole power to legislate for the United States. Under the nondelegation doctrine, Congress may not delegate its lawmaking responsibilities to any other agency. In this vein, the Supreme Court held in the 1998 ... |
Who has the power to issue a pardon? | <text>Who has the power to issue a pardon?</text><reasoning>The president, as noted above, appoints judges with the Senate's advice and consent. He also has the power to issue pardons and reprieves. Such pardons are not subject to confirmation by either the House of Representatives or the Senate, or even to acceptance ... |
Who has the power to issue a reprieve? | <text>Who has the power to issue a reprieve?</text><reasoning>The president, as noted above, appoints judges with the Senate's advice and consent. He also has the power to issue pardons and reprieves. Such pardons are not subject to confirmation by either the House of Representatives or the Senate, or even to acceptanc... |
Which courts decisions are binding across the entire United States? | <text>Which courts decisions are binding across the entire United States?</text><reasoning>A common misperception is that the Supreme Court is the only court that may determine constitutionality; the power is exercised even by the inferior courts. But only Supreme Court decisions are binding across the nation. Decision... |
Who presides over an impeachment trial? | <text>Who presides over an impeachment trial?</text><reasoning>The Chief Justice presides in the Senate during a president's impeachment trial. The rules of the Senate, however, generally do not grant much authority to the presiding officer. Thus, the Chief Justice's role in this regard is a limited one.</reasoning><ou... |
Who can limit judicial review of a law? | <text>Who can limit judicial review of a law?</text><reasoning>The power to review the constitutionality of laws may be limited by Congress, which has the power to set the jurisdiction of the courts. The only constitutional limit on Congress' power to set the jurisdiction of the judiciary relates to the Supreme Court; ... |
Who's judicial power does congress have the right to limit? | <text>Who's judicial power does congress have the right to limit?</text><reasoning>The power to review the constitutionality of laws may be limited by Congress, which has the power to set the jurisdiction of the courts. The only constitutional limit on Congress' power to set the jurisdiction of the judiciary relates to... |
What sensor controls light with motion sensors? | <text>What sensor controls light with motion sensors?</text><reasoning>Occupancy sensors to allow operation for whenever someone is within the area being scanned can control lighting. When motion can no longer be detected, the lights shut off. Passive infrared sensors react to changes in heat, such as the pattern creat... |
What does a passive infrared sensor react to? | <text>What does a passive infrared sensor react to?</text><reasoning>Occupancy sensors to allow operation for whenever someone is within the area being scanned can control lighting. When motion can no longer be detected, the lights shut off. Passive infrared sensors react to changes in heat, such as the pattern created... |
What type of sensor transmits sound above the range of human hearing? | <text>What type of sensor transmits sound above the range of human hearing?</text><reasoning>Occupancy sensors to allow operation for whenever someone is within the area being scanned can control lighting. When motion can no longer be detected, the lights shut off. Passive infrared sensors react to changes in heat, suc... |
Would you want to use passive infrared sensor in a area requiring 360-degree coverage? | <text>Would you want to use passive infrared sensor in a area requiring 360-degree coverage?</text><reasoning>Occupancy sensors to allow operation for whenever someone is within the area being scanned can control lighting. When motion can no longer be detected, the lights shut off. Passive infrared sensors react to cha... |
Maximizing the right amount of light at the appropriate time for elderly may help systems of what? | <text>Maximizing the right amount of light at the appropriate time for elderly may help systems of what?</text><reasoning>Analysis of lighting quality particularly emphasizes use of natural lighting, but also considers spectral content if artificial light is to be used. Not only will greater reliance on natural light r... |
What happens to the natural carcidan cycle when light-dark patterns are disrupted? | <text>What happens to the natural carcidan cycle when light-dark patterns are disrupted?</text><reasoning>Analysis of lighting quality particularly emphasizes use of natural lighting, but also considers spectral content if artificial light is to be used. Not only will greater reliance on natural light reduce energy con... |
What does the CIE stand for? | <text>What does the CIE stand for?</text><reasoning>The International Commission on Illumination (CIE) is an international authority and standard defining organization on color and lighting. Publishing widely used standard metrics such as various CIE color spaces and the color rendering index.</reasoning><output>Intern... |
Who wrote that the legislative branch was the predominate branch of government? | <text>Who wrote that the legislative branch was the predominate branch of government?</text><reasoning>The Constitution does not explicitly indicate the pre-eminence of any particular branch of government. However, James Madison wrote in Federalist 51, regarding the ability of each branch to defend itself from actions ... |
In which Federalist paper did James Madison state that the legislative branch of government was predominate? | <text>In which Federalist paper did James Madison state that the legislative branch of government was predominate?</text><reasoning>The Constitution does not explicitly indicate the pre-eminence of any particular branch of government. However, James Madison wrote in Federalist 51, regarding the ability of each branch t... |
Which Enlightenment thinker supported the idea of separation of powers? | <text>Which Enlightenment thinker supported the idea of separation of powers?</text><reasoning>During the Age of Enlightenment, philosophers such as John Locke advocated the principle in their writings, whereas others, such as Thomas Hobbes, strongly opposed it. Montesquieu was one of the foremost supporters of separat... |
Which Enlightenment thinker was against the separation of powers? | <text>Which Enlightenment thinker was against the separation of powers?</text><reasoning>During the Age of Enlightenment, philosophers such as John Locke advocated the principle in their writings, whereas others, such as Thomas Hobbes, strongly opposed it. Montesquieu was one of the foremost supporters of separating th... |
Who was a leading advocate of dividing government into different branches? | <text>Who was a leading advocate of dividing government into different branches?</text><reasoning>During the Age of Enlightenment, philosophers such as John Locke advocated the principle in their writings, whereas others, such as Thomas Hobbes, strongly opposed it. Montesquieu was one of the foremost supporters of sepa... |
Whose thoughts were impacted by Montesquieu's philosophy? | <text>Whose thoughts were impacted by Montesquieu's philosophy?</text><reasoning>During the Age of Enlightenment, philosophers such as John Locke advocated the principle in their writings, whereas others, such as Thomas Hobbes, strongly opposed it. Montesquieu was one of the foremost supporters of separating the legisl... |
Who was an advocate of separation of powers? | <text>Who was an advocate of separation of powers?</text><reasoning>During the Age of Enlightenment, philosophers such as John Locke advocated the principle in their writings, whereas others, such as Thomas Hobbes, strongly opposed it. Montesquieu was one of the foremost supporters of separating the legislature, the ex... |
Who was an opponent of separation of powers? | <text>Who was an opponent of separation of powers?</text><reasoning>During the Age of Enlightenment, philosophers such as John Locke advocated the principle in their writings, whereas others, such as Thomas Hobbes, strongly opposed it. Montesquieu was one of the foremost supporters of separating the legislature, the ex... |
Who's writing were very influential on the design of the United States Constitution? | <text>Who's writing were very influential on the design of the United States Constitution?</text><reasoning>During the Age of Enlightenment, philosophers such as John Locke advocated the principle in their writings, whereas others, such as Thomas Hobbes, strongly opposed it. Montesquieu was one of the foremost supporte... |
Who can determine a date of adjournment if congress cannot agree? | <text>Who can determine a date of adjournment if congress cannot agree?</text><reasoning>The president exercises a check over Congress through his power to veto bills, but Congress may override any veto (excluding the so-called "pocket veto") by a two-thirds majority in each house. When the two houses of Congress canno... |
Who can call congress into emergency session? | <text>Who can call congress into emergency session?</text><reasoning>The president exercises a check over Congress through his power to veto bills, but Congress may override any veto (excluding the so-called "pocket veto") by a two-thirds majority in each house. When the two houses of Congress cannot agree on a date fo... |
Who serves as president of the Senate? | <text>Who serves as president of the Senate?</text><reasoning>The president exercises a check over Congress through his power to veto bills, but Congress may override any veto (excluding the so-called "pocket veto") by a two-thirds majority in each house. When the two houses of Congress cannot agree on a date for adjou... |
What is the oldest architecture plans that has survived? | <text>What is the oldest architecture plans that has survived?</text><reasoning>The earliest surviving written work on the subject of architecture is De architectura, by the Roman architect Vitruvius in the early 1st century AD. According to Vitruvius, a good building should satisfy the three principles of firmitas, ut... |
Who created the oldest surviving architecture plans? | <text>Who created the oldest surviving architecture plans?</text><reasoning>The earliest surviving written work on the subject of architecture is De architectura, by the Roman architect Vitruvius in the early 1st century AD. According to Vitruvius, a good building should satisfy the three principles of firmitas, utilit... |
When did Vitruvius create these plans? | <text>When did Vitruvius create these plans?</text><reasoning>The earliest surviving written work on the subject of architecture is De architectura, by the Roman architect Vitruvius in the early 1st century AD. According to Vitruvius, a good building should satisfy the three principles of firmitas, utilitas, venustas, ... |
What are the three principles every plan should consider? | <text>What are the three principles every plan should consider?</text><reasoning>The earliest surviving written work on the subject of architecture is De architectura, by the Roman architect Vitruvius in the early 1st century AD. According to Vitruvius, a good building should satisfy the three principles of firmitas, u... |
What is the first known extant writing about architecture called? | <text>What is the first known extant writing about architecture called?</text><reasoning>The earliest surviving written work on the subject of architecture is De architectura, by the Roman architect Vitruvius in the early 1st century AD. According to Vitruvius, a good building should satisfy the three principles of fir... |
Who was the author of De architectura? | <text>Who was the author of De architectura?</text><reasoning>The earliest surviving written work on the subject of architecture is De architectura, by the Roman architect Vitruvius in the early 1st century AD. According to Vitruvius, a good building should satisfy the three principles of firmitas, utilitas, venustas,... |
What were Vitruvius' three principles for a well made building? | <text>What were Vitruvius' three principles for a well made building?</text><reasoning>The earliest surviving written work on the subject of architecture is De architectura, by the Roman architect Vitruvius in the early 1st century AD. According to Vitruvius, a good building should satisfy the three principles of firmi... |
What is the commonly seen English translation of the three principles? | <text>What is the commonly seen English translation of the three principles?</text><reasoning>The earliest surviving written work on the subject of architecture is De architectura, by the Roman architect Vitruvius in the early 1st century AD. According to Vitruvius, a good building should satisfy the three principles o... |
Immediately following the civil war which branch of government was seen to have the greater amount of power? | <text>Immediately following the civil war which branch of government was seen to have the greater amount of power?</text><reasoning>Throughout America's history dominance of one of the three branches has essentially been a see-saw struggle between Congress and the president. Both have had periods of great power and wea... |
When was the conecept, Sustainable architecture used? | <text>When was the conecept, Sustainable architecture used?</text><reasoning>In the late 20th century a new concept was added to those included in the compass of both structure and function, the consideration of sustainability, hence sustainable architecture. To satisfy the contemporary ethos a building should be const... |
What novel concept was introduced at the end of the 20th century? | <text>What novel concept was introduced at the end of the 20th century?</text><reasoning>In the late 20th century a new concept was added to those included in the compass of both structure and function, the consideration of sustainability, hence sustainable architecture. To satisfy the contemporary ethos a building sho... |
What sort of power sources should a building not overuse if the building is to be considered environmentally friendly? | <text>What sort of power sources should a building not overuse if the building is to be considered environmentally friendly?</text><reasoning>In the late 20th century a new concept was added to those included in the compass of both structure and function, the consideration of sustainability, hence sustainable architect... |
What term replaced Vitruvius' term "utility"? | <text>What term replaced Vitruvius' term "utility"?</text><reasoning>While the notion that structural and aesthetic considerations should be entirely subject to functionality was met with both popularity and skepticism, it had the effect of introducing the concept of "function" in place of Vitruvius' "utility". "Functi... |
In addition to being practically useful what other aspects did a building need in order to be considered functional? | <text>In addition to being practically useful what other aspects did a building need in order to be considered functional?</text><reasoning>While the notion that structural and aesthetic considerations should be entirely subject to functionality was met with both popularity and skepticism, it had the effect of introduc... |
Whose concept of utility did the more modern concept of function replace? | <text>Whose concept of utility did the more modern concept of function replace?</text><reasoning>While the notion that structural and aesthetic considerations should be entirely subject to functionality was met with both popularity and skepticism, it had the effect of introducing the concept of "function" in place of V... |
What aspects of a building were considered part of the larger concept of function? | <text>What aspects of a building were considered part of the larger concept of function?</text><reasoning>While the notion that structural and aesthetic considerations should be entirely subject to functionality was met with both popularity and skepticism, it had the effect of introducing the concept of "function" in p... |
What were the reactions to the idea that function should come before other concerns? | <text>What were the reactions to the idea that function should come before other concerns?</text><reasoning>While the notion that structural and aesthetic considerations should be entirely subject to functionality was met with both popularity and skepticism, it had the effect of introducing the concept of "function" in... |
Who was the first president to veto over 400 bills? | <text>Who was the first president to veto over 400 bills?</text><reasoning>Johnson's impeachment was perceived to have done great damage to the presidency, which came to be almost subordinate to Congress. Some believed that the president would become a mere figurehead, with the Speaker of the House of Representatives b... |
Under which President was the Tenure of Office Act repealed? | <text>Under which President was the Tenure of Office Act repealed?</text><reasoning>Johnson's impeachment was perceived to have done great damage to the presidency, which came to be almost subordinate to Congress. Some believed that the president would become a mere figurehead, with the Speaker of the House of Represen... |
What does PLASA stand for? | <text>What does PLASA stand for?</text><reasoning>The Professional Lighting And Sound Association (PLASA) is a UK-based trade organisation representing the 500+ individual and corporate members drawn from the technical services sector. Its members include manufacturers and distributors of stage and entertainment lighti... |
Where is PLASA based? | <text>Where is PLASA based?</text><reasoning>The Professional Lighting And Sound Association (PLASA) is a UK-based trade organisation representing the 500+ individual and corporate members drawn from the technical services sector. Its members include manufacturers and distributors of stage and entertainment lighting, s... |
How many individuals does PLASA represent? | <text>How many individuals does PLASA represent?</text><reasoning>The Professional Lighting And Sound Association (PLASA) is a UK-based trade organisation representing the 500+ individual and corporate members drawn from the technical services sector. Its members include manufacturers and distributors of stage and ente... |
What does RoHS stand for? | <text>What does RoHS stand for?</text><reasoning>The Professional Lighting And Sound Association (PLASA) is a UK-based trade organisation representing the 500+ individual and corporate members drawn from the technical services sector. Its members include manufacturers and distributors of stage and entertainment lightin... |
How many of Andrew Johnson's veto's were over turned by Congress | <text>How many of Andrew Johnson's veto's were over turned by Congress</text><reasoning>Some of Jackson's successors made no use of the veto power, while others used it intermittently. It was only after the Civil War that presidents began to use the power to truly counterbalance Congress. Andrew Johnson, a Democrat, ve... |
What act did congress pass that gave the senate the right to approve the dismissal of a cabinet official? | <text>What act did congress pass that gave the senate the right to approve the dismissal of a cabinet official?</text><reasoning>Some of Jackson's successors made no use of the veto power, while others used it intermittently. It was only after the Civil War that presidents began to use the power to truly counterbalance... |
When was the first time that a Congressional attempt at delegating lawmaking responsibility was found to be in violation of the Constitution? | <text>When was the first time that a Congressional attempt at delegating lawmaking responsibility was found to be in violation of the Constitution?</text><reasoning>Marshall's words and future court decisions gave Congress much latitude in delegating powers. It was not until the 1930s that the Supreme Court held a dele... |
The establishment of what body was the subject of A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States? | <text>The establishment of what body was the subject of A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States?</text><reasoning>Marshall's words and future court decisions gave Congress much latitude in delegating powers. It was not until the 1930s that the Supreme Court held a delegation of authority unconstitutional. In a ... |
In what year was A.L.A. Schechter v. United States tried before the Supreme Court? | <text>In what year was A.L.A. Schechter v. United States tried before the Supreme Court?</text><reasoning>Marshall's words and future court decisions gave Congress much latitude in delegating powers. It was not until the 1930s that the Supreme Court held a delegation of authority unconstitutional. In a case involving t... |
In what year did the supreme court determine that delegating powers by congress was unconstitutional? | <text>In what year did the supreme court determine that delegating powers by congress was unconstitutional?</text><reasoning>Marshall's words and future court decisions gave Congress much latitude in delegating powers. It was not until the 1930s that the Supreme Court held a delegation of authority unconstitutional. In... |
What was the supreme court case that was determined that congress could not allow the President to determine fair competition? | <text>What was the supreme court case that was determined that congress could not allow the President to determine fair competition?</text><reasoning>Marshall's words and future court decisions gave Congress much latitude in delegating powers. It was not until the 1930s that the Supreme Court held a delegation of autho... |
Who is responsible for judicial review? | <text>Who is responsible for judicial review?</text><reasoning>Courts check both the executive branch and the legislative branch through judicial review. This concept is not written into the Constitution, but was envisioned by many of the Constitution's Framers (for example, The Federalist Papers mention it). The Supre... |
What is the court case that established judicial review? | <text>What is the court case that established judicial review?</text><reasoning>Courts check both the executive branch and the legislative branch through judicial review. This concept is not written into the Constitution, but was envisioned by many of the Constitution's Framers (for example, The Federalist Papers menti... |
In what branch is the ability to try legal cases placed? | <text>In what branch is the ability to try legal cases placed?</text><reasoning>Judicial power—the power to decide cases and controversies—is vested in the Supreme Court and inferior courts established by Congress. The judges must be appointed by the president with the advice and consent of the Senate, hold office duri... |
Who nominates justices for the U.S. Supreme Court? | <text>Who nominates justices for the U.S. Supreme Court?</text><reasoning>Judicial power—the power to decide cases and controversies—is vested in the Supreme Court and inferior courts established by Congress. The judges must be appointed by the president with the advice and consent of the Senate, hold office during goo... |
Who must approve presidential appointees to the Supreme Court? | <text>Who must approve presidential appointees to the Supreme Court?</text><reasoning>Judicial power—the power to decide cases and controversies—is vested in the Supreme Court and inferior courts established by Congress. The judges must be appointed by the president with the advice and consent of the Senate, hold offic... |
What is the term for judicial institutions exercising their power? | <text>What is the term for judicial institutions exercising their power?</text><reasoning>Judicial power—the power to decide cases and controversies—is vested in the Supreme Court and inferior courts established by Congress. The judges must be appointed by the president with the advice and consent of the Senate, hold o... |
What is the power given to the supreme court and lower courts called? | <text>What is the power given to the supreme court and lower courts called?</text><reasoning>Judicial power—the power to decide cases and controversies—is vested in the Supreme Court and inferior courts established by Congress. The judges must be appointed by the president with the advice and consent of the Senate, hol... |
Who appoints a judge? | <text>Who appoints a judge?</text><reasoning>Judicial power—the power to decide cases and controversies—is vested in the Supreme Court and inferior courts established by Congress. The judges must be appointed by the president with the advice and consent of the Senate, hold office during good behavior and receive compen... |
Who gives the President advice and consent for a judge appointment? | <text>Who gives the President advice and consent for a judge appointment?</text><reasoning>Judicial power—the power to decide cases and controversies—is vested in the Supreme Court and inferior courts established by Congress. The judges must be appointed by the president with the advice and consent of the Senate, hold ... |
Who has congress delegated the responsibility of establishing the rules of conduct for the courts to? | <text>Who has congress delegated the responsibility of establishing the rules of conduct for the courts to?</text><reasoning>An example of the first view is the regulation of attorneys and judges, and the establishment of rules for the conduct of the courts, by the Congress and in the states the legislatures. Although ... |
Which political practice did Montesquieu originate? | <text>Which political practice did Montesquieu originate?</text><reasoning>Separation of powers is a political doctrine originating in the writings of Montesquieu in The Spirit of the Laws where he urged for a constitutional government with three separate branches of government. Each of the three branches would have de... |
How many divisions of the government did Montesquieu call for? | <text>How many divisions of the government did Montesquieu call for?</text><reasoning>Separation of powers is a political doctrine originating in the writings of Montesquieu in The Spirit of the Laws where he urged for a constitutional government with three separate branches of government. Each of the three branches wo... |
What document was greatly informed by the idea of separation of powers? | <text>What document was greatly informed by the idea of separation of powers?</text><reasoning>Separation of powers is a political doctrine originating in the writings of Montesquieu in The Spirit of the Laws where he urged for a constitutional government with three separate branches of government. Each of the three br... |
What kind of oversight does the separation of powers help to promote? | <text>What kind of oversight does the separation of powers help to promote?</text><reasoning>Separation of powers is a political doctrine originating in the writings of Montesquieu in The Spirit of the Laws where he urged for a constitutional government with three separate branches of government. Each of the three bran... |
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