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Particle aggregation is a widespread phenomenon, which spontaneously occurs in nature but is also widely explored in manufacturing. Some examples include.
Formation of river delta. When river water carrying suspended sediment particles reaches salty water, particle aggregation may be one of the factors responsible for ... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Interfacial and surface tension can be characterized by classical methods such as the
-pendant or spinning drop method.
Dynamic surface tensions, i.e. surface tension as a function of time, can be obtained by the maximum bubble pressure apparatus
The structure of surfactant layers can be studied by ellipsometry or X-ra... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
He worked in Chiba University as a faculty of science until 2010, later he studied surface chemistry of metal hydroxide oxides and on gas adsorption, nanoporous materials, and nanospaces molecular science. Later, he became the dean of faculty of science and graduate school of science and technology of Chiba University.... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Metallic nanofoams are a subcategorization of nanofoams; more specifically, there are nanofoams consisting of metals, often pure, that form interconnected networks of ligaments that make up the structure of the foam. A variety of metals are used, including copper, nickel, gold, and platinum. Metallic nanofoams may offe... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
EPE foams are low density, semi-rigid, closed cell foam that are generally somewhere in stiffness/compliance between Expanded polystyrene and Polyurethane. Production of EPE foams is similar to that of expanded polystyrene, but starting with PE beads. Typical densities are with the lower figure being common. Densities... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
In the lab, synthetic nanocrystalline bone grafting material in mice has shown in-growth of vascularized fibrous tissue which resulted in improved healing. Furthermore, new blood vessels were observed at day 5 after implantation, and the implant showed a high functional vessel density. In a study examining the femoral ... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Attfield was awarded the Meldola Medal and Prize by the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) in 1991; the Corday-Morgan Medal of the RSC in 1998; and the Peter Day Award in 2013. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2014 for “substantial contribution to the improvement of natural knowledge”. In 2016, Attie... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
PtSi can be synthesized in several ways. The standard method involves depositing a thin film of pure platinum onto silicon wafers and heating in a conventional furnace at 450–600 °C for a half an hour in inert ambients. The process cannot be carried out in an oxygenated environment, as this results in the formation of ... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Europium phosphide is an inorganic compound of europium and phosphorus with the chemical formula EuP. Other phosphides are also known. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
A nanolattice is a synthetic porous material consisting of nanometer-size members patterned into an ordered lattice structure, like a space frame. The nanolattice is a newly emerged material class that has been rapidly developed over the last decade. Nanolattices redefine the limits of the material property space. Desp... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
The enthalpy of formation of lithium fluoride (LiF) from its elements in their standard states (Li(s) and F(g)) is modeled in five steps in the diagram:
# Atomization enthalpy of lithium
# Ionization enthalpy of lithium
# Atomization enthalpy of fluorine
# Electron affinity of fluorine
# Lattice enthalpy
The sum of the... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
The wood-ash industry declined in the late 19th century when large-scale production of potash from mineral salts was established in Germany. In 1943, potash was discovered in Saskatchewan, Canada, during oil drilling. Active exploration began in 1951. In 1958, the Potash Company of America became the first potash produ... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Sodium ethyl xanthate (SEX) is an organosulfur compound with the chemical formula . It is a pale yellow powder, which is usually obtained as the dihydrate. Sodium ethyl xanthate is used in the mining industry as a flotation agent. A closely related potassium ethyl xanthate (KEX) is obtained as the anhydrous salt. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Bittern can be used instead of aluminum-based coagulants in the treatment of wastewater produced during the fabric-dyeing process. The wastewater pH is basic, which is favorable for the use of bittern. After the addition of bittern, precipitated magnesium hydroxide works as the coagulant to collect dye, solids, organic... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Foam, in this case meaning "bubbly liquid", is also produced as an often-unwanted by-product in the manufacture of various substances. For example, foam is a serious problem in the chemical industry, especially for biochemical processes. Many biological substances, for example proteins, easily create foam on agitation ... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Solid foams, both open-cell and closed-cell, are considered as a sub-class of cellular structures. They often have lower nodal connectivity as compared to other cellular structures like honeycombs and truss lattices, and thus, their failure mechanism is dominated by bending of members. Low nodal connectivity and the re... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Nanoparticle deposition refers to the process of attaching nanoparticles to solid surfaces called substrates to create coatings of nanoparticles. The coatings can have a monolayer or a multilayer and organized or unorganized structure based on the coating method used. Nanoparticles are typically difficult to deposit du... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Lead tetroxide ("red lead"), a valence-mixed oxide with formula (red), may be thought of as lead(II) orthoplumbate(IV), . Lead sesquioxide, , is also known (reddish yellow), and has the structure of lead(II) metaplumbate(IV), . | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
At high temperatures (1000 °C), titanium sulfides present a series of non-stoichiometric compounds.
The coordination polymer Prussian blue, nominally and their analogs are well known to form in non-stoichiometric proportions. The non-stoichiometric phases exhibit useful properties vis-à-vis their ability to bind caesi... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Further advances in aquasome research require additional investigation of their in vivo drug release and targeting. Applications such as delivery of dithranol for the treatment of psoriasis and oral delivery of bromelain for the treatment of inflammatory diseases such as cancer show promising results in vitro and ex vi... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Alkyl polyacrylates are suitable for use as defoamers in non-aqueous systems where air release is more important than the breakdown of surface foam. These defoamers are often delivered in a solvent carrier like petroleum distillates. | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Selenosulfide groups can be found in almost all living organisms as part of various peroxidase enzymes, such as glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase. They are formed by the oxidative coupling of selenocysteine and cysteine residues. This reaction is powered by the decomposition of cellular peroxides, which... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Foam, entrained and dissolved air that are present in coolants and processing liquids, may cause various kinds of problems, including:
* Reduction of pump efficiency (cavitation)
* Reduced capacity of pumps and storage tanks
* Bacterial growth
* Dirt flotation / deposit formation
* Reduced effectiveness of the fluid so... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
The isotropy of the cellular structure and the absorption of fluids can also have an impact on the mechanical properties of a foam. If there is anisotropy present, then the materials response to stress will be directionally dependent, and thus the stress-strain curve, modulus, and energy absorption will vary depending ... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Nanofluids are primarily used for their enhanced thermal properties as coolants in heat transfer equipment such as heat exchangers, electronic cooling system(such as flat plate) and radiators. Heat transfer over flat plate has been analyzed by many researchers. However, they are also useful for their controlled optical... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
As of 1 April 1933, Klemm became a full professor and head of the Department of Inorganic Chemistry at the Technische Hochschule Danzig. Klemm replaced Hans Joachim von Wartenberg, who had taught at the Technische Hochschule Danzig from 1913 to 1932 and served in several senior positions including head of the Departmen... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
* Wilfried Umbach (Hrsg.), Kosmetik und Hygiene von Kopf bis Fuß, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 3. vollst. überarb. u. erw. Auflage (2012), . | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
An estimated 26,000 U.S. sites are contaminated with PFASs. At least six million Americans are estimated to have drinking water containing PFASs above the safe limit published prior to 2022 by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). More than 200 million Americans are estimated to live in places where the tap w... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
He was awarded the Literaturpreis des Fonds der chemischen Industrie for his textbook "Anorganische Strukturchemie" (engl. Inorganic Structural Chemistry). | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Following his PhD, Fichtner spent two years as a young researcher at the former Karlsruhe Nuclear Research Center (KfK) and developed his method further so that it could be applied to organic materials also. In 1994 he became assistant to the board of directors of the Karlsruhe Research Center (FZK), in the area Basic ... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Titanium foams exhibiting auxetic pore structures are of interest for incorporation in sandwich panel cores due to their enhanced shear performance.
Foams with this pore structure exhibit negative Poissons ratio in one or more dimensions. Poissons ratio is defined as the ratio of the lateral contractile strain to the ... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Isethionates are esters of long-chain aliphatic carboxylic acids (C – C) with isethionic acid (2-hydroxyethanesulfonic acid) or salts thereof, such as ammonium isethionate or sodium isethionate. They are also referred to as acyl isethionates or acyloxyethanesulfonates.
Like the taurides, isethionates are a class of par... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
The relative permittivity (in older texts, dielectric constant) is the permittivity of a material expressed as a ratio with the electric permittivity of a vacuum. A dielectric is an insulating material, and the dielectric constant of an insulator measures the ability of the insulator to store electric energy in an elec... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
In 1987, shortly after it was discovered, physicist and science author Paul Grant published in the U.K. Journal New Scientist a straightforward guide for synthesizing YBCO superconductors using widely-available equipment. Thanks in part to this article and similar publications at the time, YBCO has become a popular hig... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Most alkali metal halides crystallize with the face-centered cubic lattices. In this structure both the metals and halides feature octahedral coordination geometry, in which each ion has a coordination number of six. Caesium chloride, bromide, and iodide crystallize in a body-centered cubic lattice that accommodates c... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Cold emission of electrons is relevant to semiconductors and superconductor physics. It is similar to thermionic emission, where electrons randomly jump from the surface of a metal to follow a voltage bias because they statistically end up with more energy than the barrier, through random collisions with other particle... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
The optical properties of materials are determined by their electronic structure and band gap. The energy gap between the highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO/LUMO) varies with the size and composition of a nanocluster. Thus, the optical properties of nanoclusters change. Fur... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Although the phenomenon we now call dielectrophoresis was described in passing as far back as the early 20th century, it was only subject to serious study, named and first understood by Herbert Pohl in the 1950s. Recently, dielectrophoresis has been revived due to its potential in the manipulation of microparticles, na... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Properties depend greatly on composition and fabrication process. Many properties are anisotropic due to the layered structure. Dirty samples, e.g., with oxides at the crystal boundaries, are different from clean samples.
*The highest superconducting transition temperature T is 39 K.
*MgB is a type-II superconductor, i... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
The reaction of alkali metal chalcogenides (S, Se, Te) and pnictides (N, P, As) with other metal halides produce the corresponding metal chalcogenides and pnictides. The synthesis of gallium nitride from gallium triiodide and lithium nitride is illustrative:
:GaI + LiN → GaN + 3 LiI
The process is so exothermic... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Approximately 2–3% of the world's energy budget is allocated to the Haber process for ammonia () production, which relies on wüstite-derived catalysts. The industrial catalyst is derived from finely ground iron powder, which is usually obtained by reduction of high-purity magnetite (FeO). The pulverized iron metal is b... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
As more dust enters the atmosphere due to the consequences of human activity (from direct effects, such as clearing of land and desertification, versus indirect effects, such as global warming), it becomes more important to understand the effects of mineral dust on the gaseous composition of the atmosphere, cloud forma... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Charles Thompson Prewitt (March 3, 1933 – April 28, 2022) was an American mineralogist and solid state chemist known for his work on structural chemistry of minerals and high-pressure chemistry. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Lee attended the International School of Geneva, Switzerland and Yale University, from which he graduated with a BA in 1978. He later received his PhD from the University of Chicago in 1985. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
At thermodynamic equilibrium, the likelihood of a state of energy being filled with an electron is given by the Fermi–Dirac distribution, a thermodynamic distribution that takes into account the Pauli exclusion principle:
where:
* is the product of Boltzmann's constant and temperature, and
* is the total chemical pote... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Scott Blair was born 23 July 1902, in Weybridge and went to Winchester College. He studied chemistry at Trinity College, Oxford receiving a BA in 1923.
He began work as a colloid chemist, studying flour suspensions which led to a series of papers on baker's dough. In 1926 he joined the Rothamsted Experimental Station... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
One of the largest applications of detergents is for household and shop cleaning including dish washing and washing laundry. These detergents are commonly available as powders or concentrated solutions, and the formulations of these detergents are often complex mixtures of a variety of chemicals aside from surfactants,... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Viologens, in their dicationic form, typically undergo two one-electron reductions. The first reduction affords the deeply colored radical cation:
: [V] + e [V]
The radical cations are blue for 4,4-viologens and green for 2,2-derivatives. The second reduction yields a yellow quinoid compounds:
: [V] + e [V... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Nanocrystals are aggregates of anywhere from a few hundred to tens of thousands of atoms that combine into a crystalline form of matter known as a "cluster." Typically a few nanometers in diameter, nanocrystals are larger than molecules but smaller than bulk solids and therefore often exhibit physical and chemical prop... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
The wave function is expressed as the exponential of a function:
where
is then separated into real and imaginary parts:
where A(x) and B(x') are real-valued functions.
Substituting the second equation into the first and using the fact that the real part needs to be 0 results in:
To solve this equation using the sem... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
In chemistry, a halide (rarely halogenide) is a binary chemical compound, of which one part is a halogen atom and the other part is an element or radical that is less electronegative (or more electropositive) than the halogen, to make a fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide, astatide, or theoretically tennesside compound... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Memory foam derives its viscoelastic properties from several effects, due to the materials internal structure. The network effect is the force working to restore the foams structure when it is deformed. This effect is generated by the deformed porous material pushing outwards to restore its structure against an applied... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Keszler received his BS at Southwestern Oklahoma State University in 1979. He worked on his PhD in Northwestern University under the supervision of Prof. James A. Ibers and received his degree in 1984. He continued his career as a postdoctoral fellow at Cornell University under the supervision of Prof. Roald Hoffmann i... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
There is tentative evidence that saline nasal irrigation may help with long term cases of rhinosinusitis. Evidence for use in cases of rhinosinusitis of short duration is unclear. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
When the depositing particles attract each other, they will deposit and aggregate at the same time. This situation will result in a porous layer made of particle aggregates at the surface, and is referred to as ripening. The porosity of this layer will depend whether the particle aggregation process is fast or slow. Sl... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Nanoparticles can be made from different materials such as metals, ceramics and polymers. The stability of the nanoparticles can be an issue as nanoparticles have a tendency to lower their very high surface energy, which originates from their high surface-to-bulk ratio. Bare nanoparticles tend to stabilize themselves e... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Synthesis of phosphorene is a significant challenge. Currently, there are two main ways of phosphorene production: scotch-tape-based microcleavage and liquid exfoliation, while several other methods are being developed as well. Phosphorene production from plasma etching has also been reported.
In scotch-tape-based micr... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Dielectrics are used in radio frequency (RF) transmission lines. In a coaxial cable, polyethylene can be used between the center conductor and outside shield. It can also be placed inside waveguides to form filters. Optical fibers are examples of dielectric waveguides. They consist of dielectric materials that are purp... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
There are many synthetic strategies that are available to prepare cocrystals. However, it may be difficult to prepare single cocrystals for X-ray diffraction, as it has been known to take up to 6 months to prepare these materials.
Cocrystals are typically generated through slow evaporation of solutions of the two comp... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Müller studied chemistry at the University of Stuttgart from 1959 to 1963. He worked on his dissertation at the Purdue University and the University of Stuttgart. He finished it in 1966 in the group of Kurt Dehnicke. From 1967 to 1970, he worked in the group of Hartmut Bärnighausen at the University of Marburg. In 1972... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
PJTE versus Renner–Teller effect in bending distortions. Linear molecules are exceptions from the JTE, and for a long time it was assumed that their bending distortions in degenerate states (observed in many molecules) is produced by the Renner–Teller effect (RTE) (the splitting of the generate state by the quadratic t... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
In order to provide optimal performance, pigment particles must act independently of each other in the coating film and thus must remain well dispersed throughout manufacture, storage, application, and film formation. Unfortunately, colloidal dispersions such as the pigment dispersions in liquid coatings are inherently... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Nano particles of FeO are used as contrast agents in MRI scanning.
Ferumoxytol, sold under the brand names Feraheme and Rienso, is an intravenous FeO preparation for treatment of anemia resulting from chronic kidney disease. Ferumoxytol is manufactured and globally distributed by AMAG Pharmaceuticals. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Yaghi was born in Amman, Jordan in 1965, to a refugee family originally from Mandatory Palestine. He grew up in a household with many children, had limited access to clean water and without electricity.
At the age of 15, he moved to the United States at the encouragement of his father. Although he knew little English... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Allpress and Sanders proposed an alternative approach to energy minimization to understanding these particles called "successive twinning". Here one starts with a single tetrahedral unit, which then forms a twin either by accident during growth or by collision with another tetrahedron. It was proposed that this could c... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Mercouri Kanatzidis (; born 1957) is a Charles E. and Emma H. Morrison Professor of chemistry and professor of materials science and engineering at Northwestern University and Senior Scientist at Argonne National Laboratory.
Kanatzidis was listed as one of the most cited researchers in Materials Science and Engineerin... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
At the nanoscale, size effects and different dimensional constraints, like grain boundaries, dislocations, and distribution of voids, can tremendously change the properties of a material. Nanolattices possess unparalleled mechanical properties. Nanolattices are the strongest existing cellular materials despite being ex... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Nazeeruddin received a PhD in chemistry from the Osmania University in Hyderabad, Indiaserved as a lecturer at Osmania University for two years. He then joined the Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute in Bhavnagar, India. In 1987 he joined EPFL first as a postdoctoral fellow and then held several positi... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
When alternating current is passed through a thin conductor, that conductor periodically heats up and cools down following the variations in current strength. This periodic heating and cooling creates temperature waves which the conductor propagates into the surroundings. As the temperature waves propagate away from th... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
When x = 1, sodium tungsten bronze adopts a cubic phase: the perovskite crystal structure. In this form, the structure consists of corner-sharing WO octahedra with sodium ions in the interstitial gaps. For x values between 0.9 and 0.3, the structure remains similar but with an increasing deficiency of sodium ions and a... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
In the nearly free electron approximation, interactions between electrons are completely ignored. This approximation allows use of Blochs Theorem which states that electrons in a periodic potential have wavefunctions and energies which are periodic in wavevector up to a constant phase shift between neighboring reciproc... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
It is possible to use solvents to prepare solids by precipitation or by evaporation. At times, the solvent is a hydrothermal that is under pressure at temperatures higher than the normal boiling point. A variation on this theme is the use of flux methods, which use a salt with a relatively low melting point as the solv... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Surfactants are used with quantum dots in order to manipulate their growth, assembly, and electrical properties, in addition to mediating reactions on their surfaces. Research is ongoing in how surfactants arrange themselves on the surface of the quantum dots. | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Other methods include dissolution mining and evaporation methods from brines. In the evaporation method, hot water is injected into the potash, which is dissolved and then pumped to the surface where it is concentrated by solar induced evaporation. Amine reagents are then added to either the mined or evaporated solutio... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Limnologists and chemists often define salinity in terms of mass of salt per unit volume, expressed in units of mg/L or g/L. It is implied, although often not stated, that this value applies accurately only at some reference temperature because solution volume varies with temperature. Values presented in this way are t... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Research in the Odom group focus on controlling materials at 100 nm scale and investigating their size and shape-dependent properties. Odom group has developed parallel, multi-scale pattering tools to generate hierarchical, anisotropic, and 3D hard and soft materials with applications in imaging, sensing, wetting and c... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
In many cases, new solid compounds are further characterized by a variety of techniques that straddle the fine line that separates solid-state chemistry from solid-state physics. See Characterisation in material science for additional information. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
The time-independent Schrödinger equation for one particle in one dimension can be written as
or
where
* is the reduced Planck's constant,
* m is the particle mass,
* x represents distance measured in the direction of motion of the particle,
* Ψ is the Schrödinger wave function,
* V is the potential energy of the part... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
The concept of dynamical tunnelling is particularly suited to address the problem of quantum tunnelling in high dimensions (d>1). In the case of an integrable system, where bounded classical trajectories are confined onto tori in phase space, tunnelling can be understood as the quantum transport between semi-classical ... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Magnetically assisted slip casting is a manufacturing technique that uses anisotropic stiff nanoparticle platelets in a ceramic, metal or polymer functional matrix to produce layered objects that can mimic natural objects such as nacre. Each layer of platelets is oriented in a different direction, giving the resulting ... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Another route to the synthesis of cobalt oxide nanoparticles is the thermal decomposition of organometallic compounds. For example, heating the metal salen complex bis(salicylaldehyde)ethylenediiminecobalt(II) ("Co-salen") in air to 500 °C. The precursor Co-salen can be obtained by reacting cobalt(II) acetate tetrahy... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Radioactive decay is the process of emission of particles and energy from the unstable nucleus of an atom to form a stable product. This is done via the tunnelling of a particle out of the nucleus (an electron tunneling into the nucleus is electron capture). This was the first application of quantum tunnelling. Radioac... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
It is best known as the material for CIGS solar cells a thin-film technology used in the photovoltaic industry. In this role, CIGS has the advantage of being able to be deposited on flexible substrate materials, producing highly flexible, lightweight solar panels. Improvements in efficiency have made CIGS an establishe... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Iron phosphide is a hazardous substance.
Proper eye protection such as goggles should always be used when handling iron phosphide. It can be very harmful to the eyes, especially for individuals wearing contact lenses. Contact lenses have been known to react poorly with iron phosphide due to its corrosive properties, bu... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Water-in-water (W/W) emulsion is a system that consists of droplets of water-solvated molecules in another continuous aqueous solution; both the droplet and continuous phases contain different molecules that are entirely water-soluble. As such, when two entirely aqueous solutions containing different water-soluble mole... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
The structure of , as determined by X-ray powder diffraction, is primarily hexagonal close-packed system with alternating between layers of lead atoms and iodide atoms, with largely ionic bonding. Weak van der Waals interactions have been observed between lead–iodide layers. The most common stacking forms are 2H and 4H... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Honeycomb refers to bioinspired patterns that provide a lightweight design for energy absorbing structures. Honeycomb design can be found in different structural biological components such as spongy bone and plant vasculature. Biologically inspired honeycomb structures include Kelvin, Weaire and Floret honeycomb (see F... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
In many applications of diffusiophoresis, the motion is driven by gradients in the concentration of a salt (electrolyte) concentration, such as sodium chloride in water. Colloidal particles in water are typically charged, and there is an electrostatic potential, called a zeta potential at their surface. This charged su... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
After studying at the David high school in Angers and at the faculties of science at University of Rennes and University of Bordeaux, Michel Pouchard specializes in the physico-chemistry of inorganic solids: oxides of transition metals, electronic properties (magnetism, insulation-to-metal transition) and electrochemis... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
The possibility to measure forces involving particles and surfaces directly is essential since such forces are relevant in a variety of processes involving colloidal and polymeric systems. Examples include particle aggregation, suspension rheology, particle deposition, and adhesion processes. One can equally study simi... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
The consequences of salinity are
* Detrimental effects on plant growth and yield
* Damage to infrastructure (roads, bricks, corrosion of pipes and cables)
* Reduction of water quality for users, sedimentation problems, increased leaching of metals, especially copper, cadmium, manganese and zinc.
* Soil erosion ultima... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Such ordering can be studied by observing the magnetic susceptibility as a function of temperature and/or the size of the applied magnetic field, but a truly three-dimensional picture of the arrangement of the spins is best obtained by means of neutron diffraction. Neutrons are primarily scattered by the nuclei of the ... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
On the Orkney islands, kelp ash provided potash and soda ash, production starting "possibly as early as 1719" and lasting for a century. The products were "eagerly sought after by the glass and soap industries of the time." | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
His contribution to food science was celebrated in a special edition of the Journal of Texture Studies He also initiated what he called psycho-rheology: the effect of food texture on the consumer. However he promoted and was a major contributor to the study of the rheological effects in blood flow to the genitalia, as... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
For nanoparticles dispersed in a medium of different composition, the interfacial layer — formed by ions and molecules from the medium that are within a few atomic diameters of the surface of each particle — can mask or change its chemical and physical properties. Indeed, that layer can be considered an integral part o... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
The relative static permittivity, ε, can be measured for static electric fields as follows: first the capacitance of a test capacitor, C, is measured with vacuum between its plates. Then, using the same capacitor and distance between its plates, the capacitance C with a dielectric between the plates is measured. The re... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
In France, by the second half of the 15th century, the semi-industrialized professional manufacture of soap was concentrated in a few centers of Provence—Toulon, Hyères, and Marseille—which supplied the rest of France. In Marseilles, by 1525, production was concentrated in at least two factories, and soap production at... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Coral calcium is a salt of calcium derived from fossilized coral reefs (primarily from limestone and coastal deposits). It has been promoted as an alternative, but unsubstantiated, treatment or cure for a number of health conditions. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Researchers have fabricated transistors of phosphorene to examine its performance in actual devices. Phosphorene-based transistor consists of a channel of 1.0 μm and uses few layered phosphorene with a thickness varying from 2.1 to over 20 nm. Reduction of the total resistance with decreasing gate voltage is observed, ... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Settleable solids are the particulates that settle out of a still fluid. Settleable solids can be quantified for a suspension using an Imhoff cone. The standard Imhoff cone of transparent glass or plastic holds one liter of liquid and has calibrated markings to measure the volume of solids accumulated in the bottom of ... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
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