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In chemistry, the lattice energy is the energy change upon formation of one mole of a crystalline ionic compound from its constituent ions, which are assumed to initially be in the gaseous state. It is a measure of the cohesive forces that bind ionic solids. The size of the lattice energy is connected to many other p... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Foamed biopolymers have multiple purported applications in the biomedical and pharmaceuticals industry due to their modified surface properties. Gelatine films with curcumin dropped upon the surface, for instance, displayed a higher tolerance for ablation following its foaming; this tolerance is suspected to arise from... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Gas-phase nephelometers are also used in the detection of smoke and other particles of combustion. In such use, the apparatus is referred to as an aspirated smoke detector. These have the capability to detect extremely low particle concentrations (to 0.005%) and are therefore highly suitable to protecting sensitive or ... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
A nanoparticle sizer, also known as a nanoparticle analyzer, is a device used to measure the size, size distribution, and concentration of nanoparticles in a sample. The size of nanoparticles is typically in the range of 1 to 100 nanometers (nm), and they are much smaller than the particles that can be measured with co... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Hazen worked on his B.S. and S.M. (Master of Science) in Earth Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1971. He started with the intention of going into chemical engineering, but he was captivated by the enthusiasm of David Wones and converted to mineralogy. With Wones as advisor, he completed a masters th... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
The discharge could contain trace chemical products used during the industrial treatments applies,such as antiscalants, coagulants, flocculants, which are discarded together with the discharge, and which could affect the physical-chemical quality of the effluent. However, these are practically consumed during the proce... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Structures may form during continued sedimentary loading, without any external tectonic influence, due to gravitational instability. Pure halite has a density of 2160 kg/m. When initially deposited, sediments generally have a lower density of 2000 kg/m, but with loading and compaction their density increases to 2500 kg... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
NiO is useful for illustrating the failure of density functional theory (using functionals based on the local-density approximation) and Hartree–Fock theory to account for the strong correlation. The term strong correlation refers to behavior of electrons in solids that is not well described (often not even in a qualit... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Molten flux synthesis can be an efficient method for obtaining single crystals. In this method, the starting reagent are combined with flux, an inert material with a melting point lower than that of the starting materials. The flux serves as a solvent. After the reaction, the excess flux can be washed away using an app... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
To modify the performance of lecithin to make it suitable for the product to which it is added, it may be hydrolysed enzymatically. In hydrolysed lecithins, a portion of the phospholipids have one fatty acid removed by phospholipase. Such phospholipids are called lysophospholipids. The most commonly used phospholipase ... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Saiful is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry (FRSC) since 2008 and the Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining (FIMMM), as well as Honorary Fellow of the British Science Association.
Saiful has received several RSC research awards including 2008 Francis Bacon Medal for Fuel Cell Science, 2011 Materials Chem... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
The early studies indicating anomalous increases in nanofluid thermal properties over those of the base fluid, particularly the heat transfer coefficient, have been largely discredited. One of the main conclusions taken from a study involving over thirty labs throughout the world was that "no anomalous enhancement of t... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Once the unit cell of a new phase is known, the next step is to establish the stoichiometry of the phase. This can be done in several ways. Sometimes the composition of the original mixture will give a clue, under the circumstances that only a product with a single powder pattern is found or a phase of a certain compos... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
West was educated at The Harvey Grammar School and then University College Swansea where he gained a Bachelor of Science in chemistry in 1968. He then moved to the University of Aberdeen where he completed a PhD in 1971 under the supervision of Fredrik P. Glasser.
He was appointed lecturer at the University of Aberdee... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
In Korean folk medicine, trace elements in the yellow clay and bamboo are thought to make this form of salt more healthy. Historically, has been used as a digestive aid, styptic, disinfectant or dentifrice.
Oriental medicinalist Insan Kim Il-hoon (1909–1992), was (according to his institution) the first to claim that... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
The moving-boundary electrophoresis apparatus includes a U-shaped cell filled with buffer solution and electrodes immersed at its ends. The sample applied could be any mixture of charged components such as a protein mixture. On applying voltage, the compounds will migrate to the anode or cathode depending on their char... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Albert Ernest Alexander (1914–1970) was a British-Australian chemist known for his pioneering work with colloids. | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Baron Jöns Jacob Berzelius ( (20 August 1779 – 7 August 1848) was a Swedish chemist. In general, he is considered the last person to know the whole field of chemistry. Berzelius is considered, along with Robert Boyle, John Dalton, and Antoine Lavoisier, to be one of the founders of modern chemistry. Berzelius became a ... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
The spin and dip coating methods are simple methods for nanoparticle deposition. They are useful tools especially in creating self-assembled layers and films where the packing density isn't critical. Accurate and vibration-free sample withdrawal speeds can be used to have control over the film thickness. Creating high... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
A wide variety of techniques can be used to analyze the interfacial layer, often SAXS, NMR, AFM, STM are used, but other methods, like measuring the refractive index can reveal information as well.
Small-angle X-ray diffraction provides data about the size and dispersion of the nanoparticles, and gives information abou... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Stephen Lee (; born 25 October 1955) is an American chemist. He is the son of Tsung-Dao Lee, the winner of the 1957 Nobel Prize in Physics. He is currently a professor at Cornell University. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
In a vacuum, the PAC probe can be evaporated onto the sample. The radioactive probe is applied to a hot plate or filament, where it is brought to the evaporation temperature and condensed on the opposite sample material. With this method, e.g. surfaces are examined. Furthermore, by vapor deposition of other materials, ... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
In his career, he has published over 500 peer-reviewed papers, 36 of them in Nature and 8 of them in Science. These papers have been cited over 30,000 times, including his seminal work on BaYCuO (YBCO), which has been cited almost 1500 times. He holds 15 patents.
His former doctoral students include Leslie Schoop. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
He has received honorary degrees from universities around the world. Visveswaraya Technological University and The Assam Royal Global University, Guwahati 2022. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Surfactin has non-specific cytotoxicity, causing lysis through disruption to the phospholipid bilayer present in all cells. When injected into humans as an intravascular antibiotic at concentrations at or above the of 40-60 μM, surfactin has hemolytic effects. | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Pyrite is distinguishable from native gold by its hardness, brittleness and crystal form. Pyrite fractures are very uneven, sometimes conchoidal because it does not cleave along a preferential plane. Native gold nuggets, or glitters, do not break but deform in a ductile way. Pyrite is brittle, gold is malleable.
Natura... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Karl Andreas Hofmann (2 April 1870 – 15 October 1940) was a German inorganic chemist. He is best known for his discovery of a family of clathrates which consist of a 2-D metal cyanide sheet, with every second metal also bound axially to two other ligands. These materials have been named Hofmann clathrates in his ... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Matthew Jonathan Rosseinsky FRS is Professor of Inorganic Chemistry at the University of Liverpool. He was awarded the Hughes Medal in 2011 "for his influential discoveries in the synthetic chemistry of solid state electronic materials and novel microporous structures."
He has been awarded the Harrison Memorial Prize (... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
# J. Lyklema, Fundamentals of Interface and Colloid Science
# F.H.J. van der Heyden et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 116104 (2005)
# C. Werner et al., J. Colloid Interface Sci. 208, 329 (1998)
# Mansouri et al. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 112(42), 16192 (2008) | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite (LSCF), also called lanthanum strontium cobaltite ferrite is a specific ceramic oxide derived from lanthanum cobaltite of the ferrite group. It is a phase containing lanthanum(III) oxide, strontium oxide, cobalt oxide and iron oxide with the formula , where 0.1≤x≤0.4 and 0.2≤y≤0.8.
It... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Alivisatos is an internationally recognized authority on nano chemistry in the synthesis of semiconductor quantum dots and multi-shaped artificial nanostructures. Further, he is a world expert on the chemistry of nanoscale crystals; one of his papers (Science, 271: 933–937, 1996) has been cited over 13,800 times. He is... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Monodisperse, nanometer-size clusters (also known as nanoclusters) are synthetically grown crystals whose size and structure influence their properties through the effects of quantum confinement. One method of growing these crystals is through inverse micellar cages in non-aqueous solvents. Research conducted on the op... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
The lattice energy of an ionic compound depends strongly upon the charges of the ions that comprise the solid, which must attract or repel one another via Coulomb's Law. More subtly, the relative and absolute sizes of the ions influence . London dispersion forces also exist between ions and contribute to the lattice e... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
As a researcher, Sadoway has focused on environmental ways to extract metals from their ores, as well as producing more efficient batteries. His research has often been driven by the desire to reduce greenhouse gas emissions while improving quality and lowering costs. He is the co-inventor of a solid polymer electrolyt... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Fatty acid ethoxylates are a class of very versatile surfactants, which combine in a single molecule the characteristic of a weakly anionic, pH-responsive head group with the presence of stabilizing and temperature responsive ethyleneoxide units. | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
In hydrogenated silicon, dangling bonds can be induced by (long) exposure to light. This causes a decrease in the photoconductivity of the material. (This is the most named explanation for the so-called Staebler-Wronski effect.) The mechanism of this is thought to be as follows: The photon energy is transferred to the ... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
*Infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS) is caused by lack of surfactant, commonly seen in premature babies born before 28–32 weeks of gestation.
*Congenital surfactant deficiency
*Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
*Surfactant metabolism dysfunction | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Hydrogels also possess a degree of flexibility very similar to natural tissue due to their significant water content. As responsive "smart materials", hydrogels can encapsulate chemical systems which upon stimulation by external factors such as a change of pH may cause specific compounds such as glucose to be liberated... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
At the beginning of 2008, potash prices started a meteoric climb from less than US$200 a tonne to a high of US$875 in February 2009. These subsequently dropped dramatically to an April 2010 low of US$310 level, before recovering in 2011–12, and relapsing again in 2013. For reference, prices in November 2011 were about ... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
In 2008, Hazen was an outgoing member of the AAAS Committee on Public Understanding of Science and Technology. He and his wife Margee, noting that it is important for scientists to engage with the public but actually doing so does not help them get tenure, proposed a new award, The Early Career Award for Public Engagem... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Europium(II) oxide (EuO) is a chemical compound which is one of the oxides of europium. In addition to europium(II) oxide, there is also europium(III) oxide and the mixed valence europium(II,III) oxide. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Layered electrides or electrenes are single-layer materials consisting of alternating atomically thin two-dimensional layers of electrons and ionized atoms. The first example was CaN, in which the charge (+4) of two calcium ions is balanced by the charge of a nitride ion (-3) in the ion layer plus a charge (-1) in the ... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Originally, an alcoholate was the crystalline form of a salt in which alcohol took the place of water of crystallization, such as [SnCl(OCH)·CHOH] and CHNO·CHOH. However this denomination should not be used anymore for the ending -ate often occurs in names for anions.
The second meaning of the word is that of a tinctur... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Kê was born in Penglai, Shandong province. He was admitted to Tsinghua University in 1930 but suffered pulmonary disease which required him to rest for two years where he earned a B.S. in physics in 1937. He obtained an M.S. in physics at Yenching University in 1940. In July 1941, Kê married He Yizhen in Shanghai and t... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Wüstite forms a solid solution with periclase (MgO), and iron substitutes for magnesium. Periclase, when hydrated, forms brucite (Mg(OH)), a common product of serpentinite metamorphic reactions.
Oxidation and hydration of wüstite forms goethite and limonite.
Zinc, aluminium, and other metals may substitute for iron in ... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Copper(II) chloride is used in pyrotechnics as a blue/green coloring agent. In a flame test, copper chlorides, like all copper compounds, emit green-blue light.
In humidity indicator cards (HICs), cobalt-free brown to azure (copper(II) chloride base) HICs can be found on the market. In 1998, the European Community clas... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Berzelius was born in the parish of Väversunda in Östergötland in Sweden. His father Samuel Berzelius was a school teacher in the nearby city of Linköping, and his mother Elizabeth Dorothea Sjösteen was a homemaker. His parents were both from families of church pastors. Berzelius lost both his parents at an early age. ... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Like conventional thermite, super thermite reacts at very high temperature and is difficult to extinguish. The reaction produces dangerous ultra-violet (UV) light, requiring that the reaction not be viewed directly or that special eye protection (for example, a welder's mask) be worn.
In addition, super thermites are v... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
The Jahn–Teller effect is most often encountered in octahedral complexes of the transition metals. The phenomenon is very common in six-coordinate copper(II) complexes. The d electronic configuration of this ion gives three electrons in the two degenerate e orbitals, leading to a doubly degenerate electronic ground st... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
The nickel organic acid salts are organic acid salts of nickel. In many of these the ionised organic acid acts as a ligand.
Nickel acetate has the formula (CHCOO)Ni·4HO. It has monodentate acetate and hydrogen bonding. A dihydrate also exists. Nickel acetate is used to seal anodised aluminium.
Nickel formate decompose... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Potash refers to potassium compounds and potassium-bearing materials, most commonly potassium carbonate. The word "potash" originates from the Middle Dutch "potaschen", denoting "pot ashes" in 1477.
The old method of making potassium carbonate () was by collecting or producing wood ash (the occupation of ash burners), ... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Double layer forces occur between charged objects across liquids, typically water. This force acts over distances that are comparable to the Debye length, which is on the order of one to a few tenths of nanometers. The strength of these forces increases with the magnitude of the surface charge density (or the electrica... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Hard toilet soap with a pleasant smell was produced in the Middle East during the Islamic Golden Age, when soap-making became an established industry. Recipes for soap-making are described by Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi (c. 865–925), who also gave a recipe for producing glycerine from olive oil. In the Middle East, s... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Every type of foam has its application. High-expansion foams are used when an enclosed space, such as a basement or hangar, must be quickly filled. Low-expansion foams are used on burning spills. AFFF is the best for spills of jet fuels, FFFP is better for cases where the burning fuel can form deeper pools, and AR-AFFF... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Given the diversity of solid-state compounds, an equally diverse array of methods are used for their preparation. Synthesis can range from high-temperature methods, like the ceramic method, to gas methods, like chemical vapour deposition. Often, the methods prevent defect formation or produce high-purity products. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Hydrotropes are in use industrially and commercially in cleaning and personal care product formulations to allow more concentrated formulations of surfactants. About 29,000 metric tons are produced (i.e., manufactured and imported) annually in the US. Annual production (plus importation) in Europe and Australia is appr... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
In 2018 the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) published a drinking water standard for PFNA. Public water systems in New Jersey are required to meet an MCL standard of 13 ppt. In 2020 the state set a PFOA standard at 14 ppt and a PFOS standard at 13 ppt.
In 2019 NJDEP filed lawsuits against the o... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Professor Mukherjee proposed the idea of making the Indian Agricultural Research Institute,(IARI) a regular University. In 1958, on the recommendation of
the Indo-American Team on Agricultural Research and Education and with the generous aid of the Rockefeller Foundation, the Post-Graduate School was established
at t... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Nanofluids are produced by several techniques:
# Direct Evaporation (1 step)
# Gas condensation/dispersion (2 step)
# Chemical vapour condensation (1 step)
# Chemical precipitation (1 step)
# Bio-based (2 step)
Several liquids including water, ethylene glycol, and oils have been used as base fluids. Although stabilizat... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Salinity in rivers, lakes, and the ocean is conceptually simple, but technically challenging to define and measure precisely. Conceptually the salinity is the quantity of dissolved salt content of the water. Salts are compounds like sodium chloride, magnesium sulfate, potassium nitrate, and sodium bicarbonate which dis... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
The system was originally conceived as building blocks for solid-state hard-wired programmed logic controllers (the predecessors of programmable logic controllers (PLC)) to replace electro-mechanical relay logic in industrial control systems for process control and automation applications, similar to early Telefunken/A... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Magnetic material synthesis and characterization technology continue to improve, allowing for the production of various shapes, sizes, and compositions of magnetic material to be studied and tuned for improved properties. One of the places which has seen great advancement is in the synthesis of magnetic materials at n... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
As described above, lecithin is highly processed. Therefore, genetically modified (GM) protein or DNA from the original GM crop from which it is derived often is undetectable – in other words, it is not substantially different from lecithin derived from non-GM crops. Nonetheless, consumer concerns about genetical... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
The trans-pyramidalization distortion is taken as an example. The frontier molecular orbitals of the undistorted alkene possessing D symmetry have symmetries a (HOMO-1), b (HOMO), b (LUMO), and b (LUMO+1). The symmetry of the trans-pyramidalization vibration is b. A triple product of ground state, vibrational mode, and... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry of the Siberian Branch of the RAS () is a research institute in Novosibirsk, Russia. It was founded in 1944. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Mycosubtilin is a heptapeptide, cyclized in a ring with a β-amino fatty acid. The peptide sequence is composed of -Asn--Tyr--Asn--Gln--Pro--Ser--Asn. | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Reutzel-Edens was a doctoral researcher at the University of Minnesota, where she studied the design and characterization of hydrogen-bonded imide aggregates. She worked in the laboratory of crystallographer Margaret C. Etter, and made use of solid state NMR. During her doctorate, she investigated how hydrogen bonds co... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Li joined the Rutgers Faculty as an assistant professor in 1991, where she was promoted to associate professor in 1996, full professor in 1999, and distinguished professor in 2006. Her current research group consists of postdoc associates, graduate students, visiting scientists, exchange graduate students and undergrad... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Cobalt oxide nanoparticles have been observed to readily enter cells, a property that conceivably could lead to applications in hyperthermic treatment, gene therapy and drug delivery. However, their toxicity is an obstacle that would have to be overcome. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
The Bancroft rule in colloidal chemistry states: "The phase in which an emulsifier is more soluble constitutes the continuous phase." This means that water-soluble surfactants tend to give oil-in-water emulsions and oil-soluble surfactants give water-in-oil emulsions. It is a general rule of thumb, still used, but rega... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
The original betaine, N,N,N-trimethylglycine, was named after its discovery in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris) in the nineteenth century. It is a small N-trimethylated amino acid. It is a zwitterion, which cannot isomerize because there is no labile hydrogen atom attached to the nitrogen atom. This substance... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Hazen was born in Rockville Centre, New York, on November 1, 1948. His parents were Peggy Hazen (née Dorothy Ellen Chapin; 1918–2002) and Dan Hazen (né Daniel Francis Hazen, Jr.; 1918–2016). He spent his early childhood in Cleveland, near a fossil quarry where he collected his first trilobite at the age of about 9.
The... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
A European research project demonstrated field effect transistors in which the gate (channel) is controlled via quantum tunnelling rather than by thermal injection, reducing gate voltage from ≈1 volt to 0.2 volts and reducing power consumption by up to 100×. If these transistors can be scaled up into VLSI chips, they w... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Metal foams are popular support for electrocatalysts due to the high surface area and stable structure. The interconnected pores also benefit the mass transport of reactants and products. However, the benchmark of electrocatalysts can be difficult due to the undetermined surface area, different foam properties, and cap... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Salinity in drylands can occur when the water table is between two and three metres from the surface of the soil. The salts from the groundwater are raised by capillary action to the surface of the soil. This occurs when groundwater is saline (which is true in many areas), and is favored by land use practices allowing... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
N-Oleoylsarcosine is a clear, yellow to brown, viscous liquid, which is sparsely soluble in water and acts acidic. As long-chain N-acylamino acid, the surfactant is soluble in many organic solvents and in mineral oil. In the alkaline it dissolves well in water. Because of its carboxamide structure, Sarkosyl O is chemic... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Salt lakes form when the water flowing into the lake, containing salt or minerals, cannot leave because the lake is endorheic (terminal). The water then evaporates, leaving behind any dissolved salts and thus increasing its salinity, making a salt lake an excellent place for salt production. High salinity can also lead... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Agents that increase surface tension are "surface active" in the literal sense but are not called surfactants as their effect is opposite to the common meaning. A common example of surface tension increase is salting out: adding an inorganic salt to an aqueous solution of a weakly polar substance will cause the substan... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
To illustrate the functionality of polaritonic devices, consider the hypothetical circuit in Fig. 2 (right). The optical excitation pulses that generate phonon-polaritons, in the top left and bottom right of the crystal, enter normal to the crystal face (into the page). The resulting phonon-polaritons will travel later... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Polyurethane foam is a specialist material used for thermal insulation and other applications. It is a solid polymeric foam based on polyurethane chemistry. | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
In solution, detergents help solubilize a variety of chemical species by dissociating aggregates and unfolding proteins. Popular surfactants in the biochemistry laboratory are sodium lauryl sulfate (SDS) and cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). Detergents are key reagents to extract protein by lysis of the cells an... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
The dynamics of surfactant adsorption is of great importance for practical applications such as in foaming, emulsifying or coating processes, where bubbles or drops are rapidly generated and need to be stabilized. The dynamics of absorption depend on the diffusion coefficient of the surfactant. As the interface is crea... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Kanishk Biswas was born on 25 October 1982. Biswas obtained his MS degree in chemical science from Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore in 2006 and PhD degree from the same institute in 2009 both under the supervision of C. N. R. Rao. He had spent three years (June 2006 - May 2009) as Postdoctoral Fellow under the s... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
reacts with HCl or other chloride sources to form complex ions: the red (found in potassium trichloridocuprate(II) ) (it is a dimer in reality, , a couple of tetrahedrons that share an edge), and the green or yellow (found in potassium tetrachloridocuprate(II) ).
Some of these complexes can be crystallized from aqueo... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Metal complexes containing C are known as metal carbido complexes. Most common are carbon-centered octahedral clusters, such as (where "Ph" represents a phenyl group) and [FeC(CO)]. Similar species are known for the metal carbonyls and the early metal halides. A few terminal carbides have been isolated, such as .
Meta... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
In 1962 he was named the first director of the Materials Research Laboratory at Penn State. He edited the Proceedings of a 1968 Conference on the chemistry of silicon carbide. The next year a national colloquy was held on materials science in the United States for which Roy edited the Proceedings. In 1973 he edited the... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Utilizing powder metallurgy routes for titanium foam fabrication allows for production at lower temperatures than those required through a melt process and reduces overall risks for contamination. In loose-powder sintering (also known as gravity sintering), pores are created through diffusion bonding arising from the v... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
In the Asakura–Oosawa model for depletion forces, the change in free-energy imposed by an excluded cosolute, , is:
where is the osmotic pressure, and is the change in excluded volume (which is related to molecular size and shape). The very same result can be derived using the Kirkwood-Buff solution theory. | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Fichtner was educated in Food Chemistry and Chemistry at the University Karlsruhe, now Karlsruhe Institute of Technology where he was awarded by the Diploma in Chemistry. In 1992 he received the Ph.D. in Chemistry/Surface Science with distinction and the Hermann Billing Award for his thesis. In the thesis he developed ... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Depletion forces in colloid-polymer mixtures drive colloids to form aggregates that are densely packed locally. This local dense packing is also observed in colloidal systems without polymer depletants. Without polymer depletants the mechanism is similar, because the particles in dense colloidal suspension act, effecti... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
GraphExeter is a material consisting of a few graphene sheets with a layer of ferric chloride molecules in between each graphene sheet. It was created by The Centre for Graphene Science at the University of Exeter in collaboration with the University of Bath. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Zubbles is a commercial name for colored soap bubbles. Zubbles claim to fame is that they are the first colored soap bubbles that do not leave stains. Instead they fade away with exposure to air, pressure, and water.
Popular Science named Zubbles the "Innovation of the Year" for 2005. Readers Digest' agreed, saying th... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
There are several methods reported to reduce silver ion into zero-valent silver atoms:
*Chemical Reduction. Chemical reductants can reduce silver ions into silver nanoclusters. Some examples of chemical reductants are sodium borohydride (NaBH) and sodium hypophosphite (NaPOH.HO). For instance, Dickson and his research ... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Skin disorders such as acne and psoriasis may be relieved by regularly soaking the affected area in water with added Dead Sea salt. The National Psoriasis Foundation recommends Dead Sea and Dead Sea salts as effective treatments for psoriasis. High concentration of magnesium in Dead Sea salt may be helpful in improving... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Many possible applications of this and related high temperature superconducting materials have been discussed. For example, superconducting materials are finding use as magnets in magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic levitation, and Josephson junctions. (The most used material for power cables and magnets is BSCCO.)
YB... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
FeO has a cubic inverse spinel group structure which consists of a cubic close packed array of oxide ions where all of the Fe ions occupy half of the octahedral sites and the Fe are split evenly across the remaining octahedral sites and the tetrahedral sites.
Both FeO and γ-FeO have a similar cubic close packed array o... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Nanoparticles are naturally produced by many cosmological, geological, meteorological, and biological processes. A significant fraction (by number, if not by mass) of interplanetary dust, that is still falling on the Earth at the rate of thousands of tons per year, is in the nanoparticle range; and the same is true of ... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
In mathematical terms, the APESs characterising the JT distortion arise as the eigenvalues of the potential energy matrix. Generally, the APESs take the characteristic appearance of a double cone, circular or elliptic, where the point of contact, i.e. degeneracy, denotes the high-symmetry configuration for which the JT... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Emulsions are thermodynamically unstable liquid/liquid dispersions that are stabilized.
Emulsion dispersion is not about reactor blends for which one polymer is polymerized from its monomer in the presence of the other polymers; emulsion dispersion is a novel method of choice for the preparation of homogeneous blends o... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
The alkali metal thioxanthates are produced by treating a thiol with a base in the presence of carbon disulfide, as illustrated by the preparation of sodium ethyl thioxanthate:.
:EtSH + NaOH + CS → EtSCSNa + HO
Sodium ethyl thioxanthate is similar structurally to sodium ethyl xanthate.
Alkylation of such thio... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
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