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ScBCSi (x = 0.030, y = 0.36 and z = 0.026) has a cubic crystal structure with space group F3m (No. 216) and lattice constant a = 2.03085(5) nm. This compound was initially identified as ScBC (phase I in the Sc-B-C phase diagram of figure 17). A small amount of Si was added into the floating zone crystal growth and thus... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Artifact replication plays an important role in comparing artifact use. Often objects are made not just to prove a manufacturing process or to sit in a display case, but to show that a given object will show signs of wear that are similar to those present in the archaeological record. Roberts and Ottaway conducted such... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Most modern laboratories use a refinement of total plate count in which serial dilutions of the sample are vacuum filtered through purpose made membrane filters and these filters are themselves laid on nutrient medium within sealed plates. The methodology is otherwise similar to conventional total plate counts. Membran... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The equations and assumptions above are not representative for the actual observations of the Ekman spiral. The differences between the theory and the observations are that the angle is between 5–20 degrees instead of the 45 degrees as expected and that the Ekman layer depth and thus the Ekman spiral is less deep than ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Hicks earned her bachelor's degree at Marshall University in 2001, and went on to earn her doctorate at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign in 2005. She was an Assistant Member and Principal Investigator at the Donald Danforth Plant Science Center from 2006 to 2013, and an adjunct professor in the Department of... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Cis and trans isomers have distinct physical properties. Their differing shapes influences the dipole moments, boiling, and especially melting points.
These differences can be very small, as in the case of the boiling point of straight-chain alkenes, such as pent-2-ene, which is 37 °C in the cis isomer and 36 °C in the... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The active zone is present in all chemical synapses examined so far and is present in all animal species. The active zones examined so far have at least two features in common, they all have protein dense material that project from the membrane and tethers synaptic vesicles close to the membrane and they have long fil... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1973, the Freeport-McMoRan Copper and Gold ("Freeport") smelter at Miami, Arizona, installed a 51 MW electric furnace at its Miami smelter. The decision was based on a long-term electrical power contract with the Salt River Project that provided the company with a very low rate for electricity. This contract expired... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Citrate is a chelator which binds to certain transition metals and radioactive actinides. Stable complexes such as bidentate, tridentate (ligands with more than one atom bound) and polynuclear complexes (with several radioactive atoms) can be formed with citrate and radionuclides, which receive a microbial action. Anae... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Jani Ingram is a professor of chemistry and biochemistry at Northern Arizona University. Ingram researches the chemistry and health impacts of environmental pollutants, especially uranium and arsenic. Ingram is a member of the Navajo tribe, and the Naneesht’ezhi clan. She leads the Bridging Arizona Native American Stud... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Seals for adjustable pipes and fittings, shrinkable or adjustable pipes.
* Braille reprintable boards and reprintable advertisements.
* Adjustable anti-corrosion films.
* Hair for dolls, toys, hair styling items.
* New items packaged in smaller volume and that change their shape upon first use.
* Protections for auto... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*Koss K, Maxton D, Jankowski JAZ. The potential use of fecal dimeric M2 pyruvate kinase (Tumor M2-PK) in screening for colorectal cancer (CRC). Abstract from Digestive Disease Week, May 2005; Chicago, USA.
*Mc Loughlin R, Shiel E, Sebastian S, Ryan B, O´Connor HJ, O´Morain C. Tumor M2-PK, a novel screening tool for col... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A zeotropic mixture, or non-azeotropic mixture, is a mixture with liquid components that have different boiling points. For example, nitrogen, methane, ethane, propane, and isobutane constitute a zeotropic mixture. Individual substances within the mixture do not evaporate or condense at the same temperature as one subs... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Divalent sulfur exhibits bond angles approaching 90°. Such acute angles are also seen in the M-S-C angles of metal thiolates. Having filled p-orbitals of suitable symmetry, thiolates are pi-donor ligands. This property plays a role in the stabilization of Fe(IV) states in the enzyme cytochrome P450. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The C and N contents of feedstocks is generally known from lookup tables listing common types of feedstock. It is important to deduct the moisture content if the listed value is for dry material.
For foodstuffs with a nutrition analysis, the N content may be estimated from the protein content as , reversing the crude p... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
He was awarded a DSc by the University of Liverpool in 1950 and an honorary DSc by Victoria University of Wellington in 1970; a Fellowship of the Royal Society of New Zealand in 1951 and the Hector Medal in 1955. In the 1959 New Year Honours he was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire, in recognition... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Although the system for maintaining optimal salt and water balance in the body is a complex one, one of the primary ways in which the human body keeps track of loss of body water is that osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus sense a balance of sodium and water concentration in extracellular fluids. Relative loss of body wa... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
George Hammond published a hypothesis in physical organic chemistry which describes the geometric structure of the transition state in an organic chemical reaction in his publication, Hammond's principle.
His 1955 publication asserted:
Therefore, the geometric structure of a state can be predicted by comparing its ener... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Virtually all the aluminium hydroxide used commercially is manufactured by the Bayer process which involves dissolving bauxite in sodium hydroxide at temperatures up to . The waste solid, bauxite tailings, is removed and aluminium hydroxide is precipitated from the remaining solution of sodium aluminate. This aluminium... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
He started his research in the chemistry of natural products. At Washington State University he established early steps in metabolism of d-neomethyl-α-D-glucoside in pipermint (Mentha piperita) rhizomes via in vivo studies. Bhushan developed a de novo method for direct resolution of certain racemates by liquid chromat... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In biochemistry, in the biological context of organisms' regulation of gene expression and production of gene products, downregulation is the process by which a cell decreases the production and quantities of its cellular components, such as RNA and proteins, in response to an external stimulus. The complementary proce... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Iron is required for life. The iron–sulfur clusters are pervasive and include nitrogenase, the enzymes responsible for biological nitrogen fixation. Iron-containing proteins participate in transport, storage and use of oxygen. Iron proteins are involved in electron transfer. The ubiquity of Iron in life has led to the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Bitumen was used in early photographic technology. In 1826, or 1827, it was used by French scientist Joseph Nicéphore Niépce to make the oldest surviving photograph from nature. The bitumen was thinly coated onto a pewter plate which was then exposed in a camera. Exposure to light hardened the bitumen and made it insol... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
With credit to the previously listed techniques, biomarkers were found in petroleum and source rock extract. These are fossils from organisms, but are closer in size to molecules than to visible hand samples. They display the same structure as their parent biomolecules and are used in the identification of the organic ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The US states of Montana and Wisconsin, the Czech Republic, Hungary, have banned cyanide mining. The European Commission rejected a proposal for such a ban, noting that existing regulations (see below) provide adequate environmental and health protection. Several attempts to ban gold cyanidation in Romania were rejecte... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Norris Award (1968)
* Priestley Medal (1976)
* Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement (1976)
* National Medal of Science (1994)
* Glenn T. Seaborg Medal (1994)
* Othmer Gold Medal (2003) | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In plasma spraying process, the material to be deposited (feedstock)—typically as a powder, sometimes as a liquid, suspension or wire—is introduced into the plasma jet, emanating from a plasma torch. In the jet, where the temperature is on the order of 10,000 K, the material is melted and propelled towards a substrate.... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Methanogenesis or biomethanation is the formation of methane coupled to energy conservation by microbes known as methanogens. Organisms capable of producing methane for energy conservation have been identified only from the domain Archaea, a group phylogenetically distinct from both eukaryotes and bacteria, although ma... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The scientific goals of RSN are significant. A vast array of natural phenomena that occur throughout the world's oceans and seafloor are found in the Northeast Pacific Ocean. As a whole, the mission of RSN is to provide a human telepresence in the ocean that will serve researchers, students, educators, policymakers, a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*McMillan P.W., "The glass phase in glass-ceramics", Glass Technology, 1974, Vol. 15 (1), P. 5-15
*Bach H. (Editor), "Low thermal expansion glass ceramics", Springer-Verlag (1995).
*Holand, Wolfram and Beall, George H. Glass-Ceramic Technology. Wiley, 2002. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The activated sludge process is a biological process used to oxidise carbonaceous biological matter, oxidising nitrogenous matter (mainly ammonium and nitrogen) in biological matter, and removing nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus). | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
As the nanotechnology industry has grown, nanoparticles have brought UFPs more public and regulatory attention. UFP risk assessment research is still in the very early stages. There are continuing debates about whether to regulate UFPs and how to research and manage the health risks they may pose. As of March 19, 2008,... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
[http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/HistSciTech/HistSciTech-idx?type=turn&entity=HistSciTech000900240238&isize=L] | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A Guinier–Preston zone, or GP-zone, is a fine-scale metallurgical phenomenon, involving early stage precipitation.
GP-zones are associated with the phenomenon of age hardening, whereby room-temperature reactions continue to occur within a material through time, resulting in changing physical properties. In particular, ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An ideal polarizable electrode (also ideally polarizable electrode or ideally polarized electrode or IPE) is a hypothetical electrode characterized by an absence of net DC current between the two sides of the electrical double layer, i.e., no faradic current exists between the electrode surface and the electrolyte. An... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Target-mediated drug disposition (TMDD), is the process in which a drug binds with high affinity to its pharmacological target (for example, a receptor) to such an extent that this affects its pharmacokinetic characteristics. Various drug classes can exhibit TMDD, most often these are large compounds (biologics such as... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the field of drug discovery, classical pharmacology, also known as forward pharmacology, or phenotypic drug discovery (PDD), relies on phenotypic screening (screening in intact cells or whole organisms) of chemical libraries of synthetic small molecules, natural products or extracts to identify substances that have ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Radiocarbon ages from hyraceum are not subject to reservoir effects or the inclusion of new carbon. This is primarily a function of middens being isolated systems, and that through respiration the hyraceum is brought into equilibrium with atmospheric C at the time of deposition. Published data show that hyrax middens c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Attosecond pump-probe experiments with simple atoms is a fundamental tool to measure the time duration of an attosecond pulse and to explore several quantum proprieties of matter.
This kind of experiments can be easily described within strong field approximation by exploiting the results of Eq. , as discussed below.
A... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Several routes exist for the production of cyclohexenone. For the laboratory scale, it can be produced from resorcinol via 1,3-cyclohexanedione.
Cyclohexenone is obtained by Birch reduction of anisole followed by acid hydrolysis.
It can be obtained from cyclohexanone by α-bromination followed by treatment with base. Hy... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1968, Dr. Josef Pacák, Zdeněk Točík and Miloslav Černý at the Department of Organic Chemistry, Charles University, Czechoslovakia were the first to describe the synthesis of FDG. Later, in the 1970s, Tatsuo Ido and Al Wolf at the Brookhaven National Laboratory were the first to describe the synthesis of FDG labeled ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The PV diagram, then called an indicator diagram, was developed in 1796 by James Watt and his employee John Southern. Volume was traced by a plate moving with the piston, while pressure was traced by a pressure gauge whose indicator moved at right angles to the piston. A pencil was used to draw the diagram. Watt used t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In petroleum engineering, Lak wettability index is a quantitative indicator to measure wettability of rocks from relative permeability data. This index is based on a combination of Craigs first rule. and modified Craigs second rule
where
: : Lak wettability index (index values near -1 and 1 represent strongly oil-we... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
While Be(II) is one of the more common oxidation states, there is also further research on a Be(I) and Be(0) complex. Low-valent main group compounds have recently become desirable synthetic targets due to their interesting reactivity comparable to transition metal complexes. In one work, stabilized cyclic (alkyl)(amin... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Nanoparticles occur in a great variety of shapes, which have been given many informal names such as nanospheres, nanorods, nanochains, decagedral nanoparticles, nanostars, nanoflowers, nanoreefs, nanowhiskers, nanofibers, and nanoboxes.
The shapes of nanoparticles may be determined by the intrinsic crystal habit of the... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The effect of impurities can be significant when making high-precision measurements. Chemical desiccants can be used to dry the air, but will, in turn, contaminate the sample. The air can be dried cryogenically, but this has the effect of removing the carbon dioxide as well; therefore many high-precision measurements a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
After graduation, Ekimov moved to the Vavilov State Optical Institute to conduct research. He began studying semiconductor-activated glasses, known as Schott glasses, and developing theories to explain their color. When the glasses were heated and then cooled, copper chloride crystals formed, as revealed by X-rays, cr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The first successful solid-hybrid dye-sensitized solar cells were reported.
To improve electron transport in these solar cells, while maintaining the high surface area needed for dye adsorption, two researchers have designed alternate semiconductor morphologies, such as arrays of nanowires and a combination of nanowire... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The steam-electric power station is a power station in which the electric generator is steam driven. Water is heated, turns into steam and spins a steam turbine which drives an electrical generator. After it passes through the turbine, the steam is condensed in a condenser. The greatest variation in the design of steam... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 2000, Wong-Ng became a fellow of the International Centre for Diffraction Data (ICDD). She was awarded fellow of the American Ceramic Society in 2002. In 2002 and 2008, she won the Department of Commerce Bronze Medal. In 2014, Wong-Ng was made fellow of the American Crystallographic Association. In 2012, she became ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In coupling reactions between aromatic compounds and metal-trifluoromethyl complexes the metal is usually copper, Pd and Ni are less prominent. The reactions are stoichiometric or catalytic. In the McLoughlin-Thrower reaction (1962) iodobenzene reacts with trifluoroiodomethane (CFI) and copper powder in dimethylformam... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the case of ATI the photoelectron peaks should appear at
where the integer n represents the minimal number of photons absorbed, and the integer s represents the number of additional photons absorbed. W is the ionization energy, and is the electron kinetic energy of the peak corresponding to s additional photons b... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The degree of coordinative unsaturation of a surface cation measures the number of bonds involving the cation that have to be broken to form a surface. As the degree of coordinative unsaturation increases, more bonds are broken and the metal cation becomes destabilized. The destabilization of the cation increases the s... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
GRE Subject Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology was a standardized exam provided by ETS (Educational Testing Service) that was discontinued in December 2016. It is a paper-based exam and there are no computer-based versions of it. ETS places this exam three times per year: once in April, once in October and once i... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
writing the potential energy as depending on a continuous parameter,
one has the exact result
This can either be directly verified from definitions or seen from the limit of the above Gibbs-Bogoliubov inequalities when
we can therefore write
which is the thermodynamic integration (or TI) result. It can be approximat... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Heywood, John B., "Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals," McGraw Hill, 1988.
* van Basshuysen, Richard, and Schäfer, Fred, "Internal Combustion Engine Handbook," SAE International, 2004.
* "Bosch Automotive Handbook," 3rd Edition, Robert Bosch GmbH, 1993. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cooperativity is a phenomenon displayed by systems involving identical or near-identical elements, which act dependently of each other, relative to a hypothetical standard non-interacting system in which the individual elements are acting independently. One manifestation of this is enzymes or receptors that have multip... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Puerto Mosquito Bioluminescent Bay (), or Mosquito Bio Bay, is a bay in the island of Vieques famous for its bioluminescence produced by the dinoflagellate Pyrodinium bahamense, which glows blue when agitated. This species of phytoplankton is found in bays in the Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico and The Bahamas. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Gary M. Hieftje is an analytical chemist, Distinguished Professor, and the Robert & Marjorie Mann Chair of Chemistry at Indiana University in Bloomington, Indiana. Gary M. Hieftje received his A.B. degree at Hope College in Holland, Michigan in 1964, and his PhD from University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign in 1969. ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
To determine the mass of liquid in a sample given the mass of solids and the mass fraction:
By definition
therefore
and
then
and therefore
where
: is the solids fraction of the slurry
: is the mass or mass flow of solids in the sample or stream
: is the mass or mass flow of slurry in the sample or stream
: is the mass ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
There are a number of biophysical techniques for determining sequence information. Protein sequence can be determined by Edman degradation, in which the N-terminal residues are hydrolyzed from the chain one at a time, derivatized, and then identified. Mass spectrometer techniques can also be used. Nucleic acid sequence... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A major focus in the field of protein engineering is on creating DNA libraries that sample regions of sequence space, often with the goal of finding mutants of proteins with enhanced functions compared to the wild type. These libraries are created either by using a wild type sequence as a template and applying one or m... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cudbear is a dye extracted from orchil lichens that produces colours in the purple range. It can be used to dye wool and silk, without the use of mordant. The lichen is first boiled in a solution of ammonium carbonate. The mixture is then cooled and ammonia is added and the mixture is kept damp for 3–4 weeks. Then the ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hydrogen sulfide chemosynthesis is a form of chemosynthesis which uses hydrogen sulfide. It is common in hydrothermal vent microbial communities Due to the lack of light in these environments this is predominant over photosynthesis
Giant tube worms use bacteria in their trophosome to fix carbon dioxide (using hydrogen ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Gene therapy for color blindness
* Gene therapy for epilepsy
* Gene therapy for osteoarthritis
* Gene therapy in Parkinson's disease
* Gene therapy of the human retina
Gene therapies are under development for:
* Usher syndrome deafness
* Otoferlin mutation deafness | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Beryllium oxalate is an inorganic compound, a salt of beryllium metal and oxalic acid with the chemical formula . It forms colorless crystals, dissolves in water, and also forms crystalline hydrates. The compound is used to prepare ultra-pure beryllium oxide by thermal decomposition. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Metabolic flux and more specifically how metabolism is affected due to changes in the various pathways has grown in importance since it was observed that tumour cells exhibit enhanced glucose metabolism compared to normal cells. Through studying these changes, it is possible to better understand the mechanisms of cell ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Bilirubin (BR) (from the Latin for "red bile") is a red-orange compound that occurs in the normal catabolic pathway that breaks down heme in vertebrates. This catabolism is a necessary process in the body's clearance of waste products that arise from the destruction of aged or abnormal red blood cells. In the first ste... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Lichen identification uses growth form, microscopy and reactions to chemical tests.
The outcome of the "Pd test" is called "Pd", which is also used as an abbreviation for the chemical used in the test, para-phenylenediamine. If putting a drop on a lichen turns an area bright yellow to orange, this helps identify it as ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Edinburgh Pharmacopoeia was a medical guide consisting of recipes and methods for making medicine. It was first published by the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh in 1699 as the Pharmacopoea Collegii Regii Medicorum Edimburgensium. The Edinburgh Pharmacopeia merged with the London and Dublin Pharmacopoeia's ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Linear dichroism (LD) or diattenuation is the difference between absorption of light polarized parallel and polarized perpendicular to an orientation axis. It is the property of a material whose transmittance depends on the orientation of linearly polarized light incident upon it. As a technique, it is primarily used t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
PHBV is synthesized by bacteria as storage compounds under growth limiting conditions. It can be produced from glucose and propionate by the recombinant Escherichia coli strains. Many other bacteria like Paracoccus denitrificans and Ralstonia eutropha are also capable of producing it.
It can also be synthesized from ge... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
These are devices incorporated in nuclear weapons which produce a pulse of neutrons when the bomb is detonated to initiate the fission reaction in the fissionable core (pit) of the bomb, after it is compressed to a critical mass by explosives. Actuated by an ultrafast switch like a krytron, a small particle accelerato... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The smaller scale of microflow reactors or microreactors can make them ideal for process development experiments. Although it is possible to operate flow processes at a ton scale, synthetic efficiency benefits from improved thermal and mass transfer as well as mass transport. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The glycocalyx (: glycocalyces or glycocalyxes), also known as the pericellular matrix and sometime cell coat, is a glycoprotein and glycolipid covering that surrounds the cell membranes of bacteria, epithelial cells, and other cells. It was described in a review article in 1970.
Animal epithelial cells have a fuzz-lik... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Attempts to find anesthetics with less metabolism led to halogenated ethers such as enflurane and isoflurane. The incidence of hepatic reactions with these agents is lower. The exact degree of hepatotoxic potential of enflurane is debated, although it is minimally metabolized. Isoflurane is essentially not metabolized ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Static light scattering measures the product of weight-averaged molar mass and concentration of macromolecules in solution. Given a fixed total concentration of one or more species over the measurement time, the scattering signal is a direct measure of the weight-averaged molar mass of the solution, which will vary as ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
For the analysis of water electrolysis, we shall use HO ions (also known as oxonium ions) at the cathode, as an example to explain the traditional reactions.
Water molecules self-ionize to HO and OH ions. Near the cathode surface (within the double layer region), newly generated HO ions become hydrogen gas after obtai... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ibuprofen is used primarily to treat fever (including postvaccination fever), mild to moderate pain (including pain relief after surgery), painful menstruation, osteoarthritis, dental pain, headaches, and pain from kidney stones. About 60% of people respond to any NSAID; those who do not respond well to a particular on... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There are generally accepted rules and conventions used for naming genes in bacteria. Standards were proposed in 1966 by Demerec et al. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Geochemical Society publishes, co-publishes, or sponsors the following:
* Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (GCA) – peer-reviewed journal with 24 issues per year, co-sponsored with the Meteoritical Society.
* Elements: An International Magazine of Mineralogy, Geochemistry, and Petrology – 6 issues per year
* Geochemi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Phenethylamine, being similar to amphetamine in its action at their common biomolecular targets, releases norepinephrine and dopamine. Phenethylamine also appears to induce acetylcholine release via a glutamate-mediated mechanism.
Phenethylamine has been shown to bind to human trace amine-associated receptor 1 (hTAAR1)... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
ChemPhysChem is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Wiley-VCH on behalf of Chemistry Europe. It was established in 2000 and covers all aspects of chemical physics and physical chemistry. Initially published monthly, the journal moved to 18 issues per year in 2007, and further to biweekly in 2016. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Absorption also varies depending on bioactivity, resonance, the inductive effect, isosterism, bio-isosterism, and consideration, amongst others. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
__NOTOC__
A magnetohydrodynamic converter (MHD converter) is an electromagnetic machine with no moving parts involving magnetohydrodynamics, the study of the kinetics of electrically conductive fluids (liquid or ionized gas) in the presence of electromagnetic fields. Such converters act on the fluid using the Lorentz f... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
*Maxwell's demon: entropy, information, computing, edited by H.S.Leff and A.F. Rex (IOP publishing, 1990)
*Maxwell's demon, 2: entropy, classical and quantum information, edited by H.S.Leff and A.F. Rex (IOP publishing, 2003)
*The emperor's new mind: concerning computers, minds, and the laws of physics, by Roger Penr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Biophotons (from the Greek βίος meaning "life" and φῶς meaning "light") are photons of light in the ultraviolet and low visible light range that are produced by a biological system. They are non-thermal in origin, and the emission of biophotons is technically a type of bioluminescence, though bioluminescence is gene... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
One primary application of the Bland–Altman plot is to compare two clinical measurements each of which produced some error in their measures. It can also be used to compare a new measurement technique or method with a gold standard, as even a gold standard does not—and should not—imply it to be without erro... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An ion trap mass spectrometer may incorporate a Penning trap (Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance), Paul trap or the Kingdon trap. The Orbitrap, introduced in 2005, is based on the Kingdon trap. Other types of mass spectrometers may also use a linear quadrupole ion trap as a selective mass filter. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
At first glance, using the fact that it would appear that two measurements of would suffice to be able to obtain an accurate value of :
where and are the equilibrium constant values obtained at temperatures and respectively. However, the precision of values obtained in this way is highly dependent on the precisi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
To place multiferroic materials in their appropriate historical context, one also needs to consider magnetoelectric materials, in which an electric field modifies the magnetic properties and vice versa. While magnetoelectric materials are not necessarily multiferroic, all ferromagnetic ferroelectric multiferroics are l... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Mantle oxidation state can be quantified as the oxygen fugacity () of the system within the framework of thermodynamics. A higher oxygen fugacity implies a more oxygen-rich and more oxidized environment. At each given pressure-temperature conditions, for any compound or element M that bears the potential to be oxidized... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Cyclodextrin (CD) is composed of several glucose units and connects by ether bonds. There are three kinds of CDs, α-CD (6 units), β-CD (7 units), and γ-CD (8 units). The heights of the structure are all around 8 Å, while the cavity sizes of them are different, around 5, 6, and 8 Å, respectively. By comparing the size ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Caking is a powder's tendency to form lumps or masses. The formation of lumps interferes with packaging, transport, flowability, and consumption. Usually caking is undesirable, but it is useful when pressing powdered substances into pills or briquettes. Granular materials can also be subject to caking, particularly t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Biomanipulation is the deliberate alteration of an ecosystem by adding or removing species, especially predators. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ibuprofen is practically insoluble in water, but very soluble in most organic solvents like ethanol (66.18g/100mL at 40°C for 90% EtOH), methanol, acetone and dichloromethane.
The original synthesis of ibuprofen by the Boots Group started with the compound isobutylbenzene. The synthesis took six steps. A modern, greene... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Typically, photochromic lenses darken substantially in response to UV light in less than one minute, and continue to darken a little more over the next fifteen minutes. The lenses begin to clear in the absence of UV light, and will be noticeably lighter within two minutes, mostly clear within five minutes, and fully ba... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Yttrium oxalate is highly insoluble in water and converts to the oxide when heated. Yttrium oxalate forms crystalline hydrates (colorless crystals) with the formula Y(CO)•n HO, where n = 4, 9, and 10.
Decomposes when heated:
The solubility product of yttrium oxalate at 25 °C is 5.1 × 10.
The trihydrate Y(CO)•3HO is for... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In their classical text on fluid mechanics, Landau and Lifshitz derive an aeroacoustic equation analogous to Lighthills (i.e., an equation for sound generated by "turbulent" fluid motion), but for the incompressible flow of an inviscid fluid. The inhomogeneous wave equation that they obtain is for the pressure rather ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Metal spraying equipment uses compressed gases which create noise. Sound levels vary with the type of spraying equipment, the material being sprayed, and the operating parameters. Typical sound pressure levels are measured at 1 meter behind the arc. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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