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http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Function_definition
Function definition
A function is a body of code that returns a value. The value returned may depend on arguments provided to the function. Task Write a definition of a function called "multiply" that takes two arguments and returns their product. (Argument types should be chosen so as not to distract from showing how functions are ...
#Tcl
Tcl
proc multiply { arg1 arg2 } { return [expr {$arg1 * $arg2}] }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Forward_difference
Forward difference
Task Provide code that produces a list of numbers which is the   nth  order forward difference, given a non-negative integer (specifying the order) and a list of numbers. The first-order forward difference of a list of numbers   A   is a new list   B,   where   Bn = An+1 - An. List   B   should have one fewer elem...
#Pop11
Pop11
define forward_difference(l); lvars res = [], prev, el; if l = [] then return([]); endif; front(l) -> prev; for el in back(l) do cons(el - prev, res) -> res; el -> prev; endfor; rev(res); enddefine;   define nth_difference(l, n); lvars res = l, i; for i from 1...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Forward_difference
Forward difference
Task Provide code that produces a list of numbers which is the   nth  order forward difference, given a non-negative integer (specifying the order) and a list of numbers. The first-order forward difference of a list of numbers   A   is a new list   B,   where   Bn = An+1 - An. List   B   should have one fewer elem...
#PowerShell
PowerShell
function Forward-Difference( [UInt64] $n, [Array] $f ) { $flen = $f.length if( $flen -gt [Math]::Max( 1, $n ) ) { 0..( $flen - $n - 1 ) | ForEach-Object { $l=0; for( $k = 0; $k -le $n; $k++ ) { $j = 1 for( $i = 1; $i -le $k; $i++ ) { $j *= ( ( $n - $k + $i ) / $i ) } $l += $j * ( ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Formatted_numeric_output
Formatted numeric output
Task Express a number in decimal as a fixed-length string with leading zeros. For example, the number   7.125   could be expressed as   00007.125.
#Toka
Toka
needs values value n 123 to n   2 import printf " %08d" n printf
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Formatted_numeric_output
Formatted numeric output
Task Express a number in decimal as a fixed-length string with leading zeros. For example, the number   7.125   could be expressed as   00007.125.
#Ursala
Ursala
#import flo   x = 7.125   #show+   t = <printf/'%09.3f' x>
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Four_bit_adder
Four bit adder
Task "Simulate" a four-bit adder. This design can be realized using four 1-bit full adders. Each of these 1-bit full adders can be built with two half adders and an   or   gate. ; Finally a half adder can be made using an   xor   gate and an   and   gate. The   xor   gate can be made using two   nots,   two   ands ...
#Racket
Racket
#lang racket   (define (adder-and a b) (if (= 2 (+ a b)) 1 0))  ; Defining the basic and function   (define (adder-not a) (if (zero? a) 1 0))  ; Defining the basic not function   (define (adder-or a b) (if (> (+ a b) 0) 1 0))  ; Defining the basic or function   (define (adder-xor a b) (adder-or (ad...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Fivenum
Fivenum
Many big data or scientific programs use boxplots to show distributions of data.   In addition, sometimes saving large arrays for boxplots can be impractical and use extreme amounts of RAM.   It can be useful to save large arrays as arrays with five numbers to save memory. For example, the   R   programming language i...
#MATLAB_.2F_Octave
MATLAB / Octave
  function r = fivenum(x) r = quantile(x,[0:4]/4); end;  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Fivenum
Fivenum
Many big data or scientific programs use boxplots to show distributions of data.   In addition, sometimes saving large arrays for boxplots can be impractical and use extreme amounts of RAM.   It can be useful to save large arrays as arrays with five numbers to save memory. For example, the   R   programming language i...
#Mathematica_.2F_Wolfram_Language
Mathematica / Wolfram Language
ClearAll[FiveNum] FiveNum[x_List] := Quantile[x, Range[0, 1, 1/4]] FiveNum[RandomVariate[NormalDistribution[], 10000]]
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Find_the_missing_permutation
Find the missing permutation
ABCD CABD ACDB DACB BCDA ACBD ADCB CDAB DABC BCAD CADB CDBA ...
#AppleScript
AppleScript
use framework "Foundation" -- ( sort )   --------------- RAREST LETTER IN EACH COLUMN ------------- on run concat(map(composeList({¬ head, ¬ minimumBy(comparing(|length|)), ¬ group, ¬ sort}), ¬ transpose(map(chars, ¬ |words|("ABCD CABD ACDB DACB BCDA ACBD " & ¬ ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Find_the_last_Sunday_of_each_month
Find the last Sunday of each month
Write a program or a script that returns the last Sundays of each month of a given year. The year may be given through any simple input method in your language (command line, std in, etc). Example of an expected output: ./last_sundays 2013 2013-01-27 2013-02-24 2013-03-31 2013-04-28 2013-05-26 2013-06-30 2013-07-28 2...
#Befunge
Befunge
":raeY",,,,,&>55+,:::45*:*%\"d"%!*\4%+!3v v2++6**"I"5\+/*:*54\-/"d"\/4::-1::p53+g5< >:00p5g4-+7%\:0\v>,"-",5g+:55+/68*+,55+%v ^<<_$$vv*86%+55:<^+*86%+55,+*86/+55:-1:<6 >$$^@$<>+\55+/:#^_$>:#,_$"-",\:04-\-00g^8 ^<# #"#"##"#"##!` +76:+1g00,+55,+*<
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Find_the_intersection_of_two_lines
Find the intersection of two lines
[1] Task Find the point of intersection of two lines in 2D. The 1st line passes though   (4,0)   and   (6,10) . The 2nd line passes though   (0,3)   and   (10,7) .
#C.23
C#
using System; using System.Drawing; public class Program { static PointF FindIntersection(PointF s1, PointF e1, PointF s2, PointF e2) { float a1 = e1.Y - s1.Y; float b1 = s1.X - e1.X; float c1 = a1 * s1.X + b1 * s1.Y;   float a2 = e2.Y - s2.Y; float b2 = s2.X - e2.X; ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Find_the_intersection_of_a_line_with_a_plane
Find the intersection of a line with a plane
Finding the intersection of an infinite ray with a plane in 3D is an important topic in collision detection. Task Find the point of intersection for the infinite ray with direction   (0, -1, -1)   passing through position   (0, 0, 10)   with the infinite plane with a normal vector of   (0, 0, 1)   and which passes ...
#C.23
C#
using System;   namespace FindIntersection { class Vector3D { private double x, y, z;   public Vector3D(double x, double y, double z) { this.x = x; this.y = y; this.z = z; }   public static Vector3D operator +(Vector3D lhs, Vector3D rhs) { ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/FizzBuzz
FizzBuzz
Task Write a program that prints the integers from   1   to   100   (inclusive). But:   for multiples of three,   print   Fizz     (instead of the number)   for multiples of five,   print   Buzz     (instead of the number)   for multiples of both three and five,   print   FizzBuzz     (instead of the number) ...
#ActionScript
ActionScript
for (var i:int = 1; i <= 100; i++) { if (i % 15 == 0) trace('FizzBuzz'); else if (i % 5 == 0) trace('Buzz'); else if (i % 3 == 0) trace('Fizz'); else trace(i); }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Five_weekends
Five weekends
The month of October in 2010 has five Fridays, five Saturdays, and five Sundays. Task Write a program to show all months that have this same characteristic of five full weekends from the year 1900 through 2100 (Gregorian calendar). Show the number of months with this property (there should be 201). Show at leas...
#Ceylon
Ceylon
  module rosetta.fiveweekends "1.0.0" { import ceylon.time "1.2.2"; }  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Five_weekends
Five weekends
The month of October in 2010 has five Fridays, five Saturdays, and five Sundays. Task Write a program to show all months that have this same characteristic of five full weekends from the year 1900 through 2100 (Gregorian calendar). Show the number of months with this property (there should be 201). Show at leas...
#Clojure
Clojure
(import java.util.GregorianCalendar java.text.DateFormatSymbols)   (->> (for [year (range 1900 2101) month [0 2 4 6 7 9 11] ;; 31 day months  :let [cal (GregorianCalendar. year month 1) day (.get cal GregorianCalendar/DAY_OF_WEEK)]  :when (= day GregorianCalendar/FRIDAY)] (println month "-" year)) ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/First_perfect_square_in_base_n_with_n_unique_digits
First perfect square in base n with n unique digits
Find the first perfect square in a given base N that has at least N digits and exactly N significant unique digits when expressed in base N. E.G. In base 10, the first perfect square with at least 10 unique digits is 1026753849 (32043²). You may use analytical methods to reduce the search space, but the code must do ...
#Julia
Julia
const num = "0123456789abcdef" hasallin(n, nums, b) = (s = string(n, base=b); all(x -> occursin(x, s), nums))   function squaresearch(base) basenumerals = [c for c in num[1:base]] highest = parse(Int, "10" * num[3:base], base=base) for n in Int(trunc(sqrt(highest))):highest if hasallin(n * n, basenu...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/First_perfect_square_in_base_n_with_n_unique_digits
First perfect square in base n with n unique digits
Find the first perfect square in a given base N that has at least N digits and exactly N significant unique digits when expressed in base N. E.G. In base 10, the first perfect square with at least 10 unique digits is 1026753849 (32043²). You may use analytical methods to reduce the search space, but the code must do ...
#Kotlin
Kotlin
import java.math.BigInteger import java.time.Duration import java.util.ArrayList import java.util.HashSet import kotlin.math.sqrt   const val ALPHABET = "0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz|" var base: Byte = 0 var bmo: Byte = 0 var blim: Byte = 0 var ic: Byte = 0 var st0: Long = 0 var bllim:...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/First-class_functions
First-class functions
A language has first-class functions if it can do each of the following without recursively invoking a compiler or interpreter or otherwise metaprogramming: Create new functions from preexisting functions at run-time Store functions in collections Use functions as arguments to other functions Use functions as retu...
#D
D
void main() { import std.stdio, std.math, std.typetuple, std.functional;   alias dir = TypeTuple!(sin, cos, x => x ^^ 3); alias inv = TypeTuple!(asin, acos, cbrt); // foreach (f, g; staticZip!(dir, inv)) foreach (immutable i, f; dir) writefln("%6.3f", compose!(f, inv[i])(0.5)); }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/First-class_functions
First-class functions
A language has first-class functions if it can do each of the following without recursively invoking a compiler or interpreter or otherwise metaprogramming: Create new functions from preexisting functions at run-time Store functions in collections Use functions as arguments to other functions Use functions as retu...
#Dart
Dart
import 'dart:math' as Math; cube(x) => x*x*x; cuberoot(x) => Math.pow(x, 1/3); compose(f,g) => ((x)=>f(g(x))); main(){ var functions = [Math.sin, Math.exp, cube]; var inverses = [Math.asin, Math.log, cuberoot]; for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++){ print(compose(functions[i], inverses[i])(0.5)); } }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Forest_fire
Forest fire
This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at Forest-fire model. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Rosetta Code, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU FDL. (See links for details on variance) Task Implement the Drossel and Schwabl definition of the fores...
#JAMES_II.2FRule-based_Cellular_Automata
JAMES II/Rule-based Cellular Automata
@caversion 1;   dimensions 2;   state EMPTY, TREE, BURNING;   // an empty cell grows a tree with a chance of p = 5 % rule{EMPTY} [0.05] : -> TREE;   // a burning cell turns to a burned cell rule{BURNING}: -> EMPTY;   // a tree starts burning if there is at least one neighbor burning rule{TREE} : BURNING{1,} -> BURNING;...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/First_class_environments
First class environments
According to Wikipedia, "In computing, a first-class object ... is an entity that can be constructed at run-time, passed as a parameter, returned from a subroutine, or assigned into a variable". Often this term is used in the context of "first class functions". In an analogous way, a programming language may support "...
#Ruby
Ruby
# Build environments envs = (1..12).map do |n| Object.new.instance_eval {@n = n; @cnt = 0; self} end   # Until all values are 1: until envs.all? {|e| e.instance_eval{@n} == 1} envs.each do |e| e.instance_eval do # Use environment _e_ printf "%4s", @n if @n > 1 @cnt += 1 ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/First_class_environments
First class environments
According to Wikipedia, "In computing, a first-class object ... is an entity that can be constructed at run-time, passed as a parameter, returned from a subroutine, or assigned into a variable". Often this term is used in the context of "first class functions". In an analogous way, a programming language may support "...
#Sidef
Sidef
func calculator({.is_one} ) { 1 } func calculator(n {.is_even}) { n / 2 } func calculator(n ) { 3*n + 1 }   func succ(this {_{:value}.is_one}, _) { return this }   func succ(this, get_next) { this{:value} = get_next(this{:value}) this{:count}++ return this }   var enviornments = (1..12 -> ma...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Flatten_a_list
Flatten a list
Task Write a function to flatten the nesting in an arbitrary list of values. Your program should work on the equivalent of this list: [[1], 2, [[3, 4], 5], [[[]]], [[[6]]], 7, 8, []] Where the correct result would be the list: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8] Related task   Tree traversal
#Ela
Ela
xs = [[1], 2, [[3,4], 5], [[[]]], [[[6]]], 7, 8, []]   flat = flat' [] where flat' n [] = n flat' n (x::xs) | x is List = flat' (flat' n xs) x | else = x :: flat' n xs   flat xs
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Flipping_bits_game
Flipping bits game
The game Given an   N×N   square array of zeroes or ones in an initial configuration,   and a target configuration of zeroes and ones. The game is to transform one to the other in as few moves as possible by inverting whole numbered rows or whole lettered columns at once   (as one move). In an inversion.   any  1 ...
#Raku
Raku
sub MAIN ($square = 4) { say "{$square}? Seriously?" and exit if $square < 1 or $square > 26; my %bits = map { $_ => %( map { $_ => 0 }, ('A' .. *)[^ $square] ) }, (1 .. *)[^ $square]; scramble %bits; my $target = build %bits; scramble %bits until build(%bits) ne $target; display($target...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/First_power_of_2_that_has_leading_decimal_digits_of_12
First power of 2 that has leading decimal digits of 12
(This task is taken from a   Project Euler   problem.) (All numbers herein are expressed in base ten.) 27   =   128   and   7   is the first power of   2   whose leading decimal digits are   12. The next power of   2   whose leading decimal digits are   12   is   80, 280   =   1208925819614629174706176. Define ...
#REXX
REXX
/*REXX program computes powers of two whose leading decimal digits are "12" (in base 10)*/ parse arg L n b . /*obtain optional arguments from the CL*/ if L=='' | L=="," then L= 12 /*Not specified? Then use the default.*/ if n=='' | n=="," then n= 1 ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/First-class_functions/Use_numbers_analogously
First-class functions/Use numbers analogously
In First-class functions, a language is showing how its manipulation of functions is similar to its manipulation of other types. This tasks aim is to compare and contrast a language's implementation of first class functions, with its normal handling of numbers. Write a program to create an ordered collection of a m...
#PicoLisp
PicoLisp
(load "@lib/math.l")   (de multiplier (N1 N2) (curry (N1 N2) (X) (*/ N1 N2 X `(* 1.0 1.0)) ) )   (let (X 2.0 Xi 0.5 Y 4.0 Yi 0.25 Z (+ X Y) Zi (*/ 1.0 1.0 Z)) (mapc '((Num Inv) (prinl (format ((multiplier Inv Num) 0.5) *Scl)) ) (list X Y Z) (list Xi Yi Zi) ) )
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/First-class_functions/Use_numbers_analogously
First-class functions/Use numbers analogously
In First-class functions, a language is showing how its manipulation of functions is similar to its manipulation of other types. This tasks aim is to compare and contrast a language's implementation of first class functions, with its normal handling of numbers. Write a program to create an ordered collection of a m...
#Python
Python
IDLE 2.6.1 >>> # Number literals >>> x,xi, y,yi = 2.0,0.5, 4.0,0.25 >>> # Numbers from calculation >>> z = x + y >>> zi = 1.0 / (x + y) >>> # The multiplier function is similar to 'compose' but with numbers >>> multiplier = lambda n1, n2: (lambda m: n1 * n2 * m) >>> # Numbers as members of collections >>> numlis...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Flow-control_structures
Flow-control structures
Control Structures These are examples of control structures. You may also be interested in: Conditional structures Exceptions Flow-control structures Loops Task Document common flow-control structures. One common example of a flow-control structure is the   goto   construct. Note that   Conditional Struc...
#REBOL
REBOL
rebol [ Title: "Flow Control" URL: http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Flow_Control_Structures ]   ; return -- Return early from function (normally, functions return ; result of last evaluation).   hatefive: func [ "Prints value unless it's the number 5." value "Value to print." ][ if value = 5 [return "I hate five!"] pr...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Flow-control_structures
Flow-control structures
Control Structures These are examples of control structures. You may also be interested in: Conditional structures Exceptions Flow-control structures Loops Task Document common flow-control structures. One common example of a flow-control structure is the   goto   construct. Note that   Conditional Struc...
#Relation
Relation
call routineName /*no arguments passed to routine.*/ call routineName 50 /*one argument (fifty) passed. */ call routineName 50,60 /*two arguments passed. */ call routineName 50, 60 /*(same as above) */ call routineName 5...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Floyd%27s_triangle
Floyd's triangle
Floyd's triangle   lists the natural numbers in a right triangle aligned to the left where the first row is   1     (unity) successive rows start towards the left with the next number followed by successive naturals listing one more number than the line above. The first few lines of a Floyd triangle looks like thi...
#FreeBASIC
FreeBASIC
' version 19-09-2015 ' compile with: fbc -s console   Sub pascal_triangle(n As UInteger)   Dim As UInteger a = 1, b, i, j, switch = n + 1 Dim As String frmt, frmt_1, frmt_2   ' last number of the last line i = (n * (n + 1)) \ 2 frmt_2 = String(Len(Str(i)) + 1, "#") ' first number of the last lin...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Floyd-Warshall_algorithm
Floyd-Warshall algorithm
The Floyd–Warshall algorithm is an algorithm for finding shortest paths in a weighted graph with positive or negative edge weights. Task Find the lengths of the shortest paths between all pairs of vertices of the given directed graph. Your code may assume that the input has already been checked for loops, parallel ...
#Phix
Phix
constant inf = 1e300*1e300 function Path(integer u, integer v, sequence next) if next[u,v]=null then return "" end if sequence path = {sprintf("%d",u)} while u!=v do u = next[u,v] path = append(path,sprintf("%d",u)) end while return join(path,"->") end function procedure...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Function_definition
Function definition
A function is a body of code that returns a value. The value returned may depend on arguments provided to the function. Task Write a definition of a function called "multiply" that takes two arguments and returns their product. (Argument types should be chosen so as not to distract from showing how functions are ...
#TI-89_BASIC
TI-89 BASIC
multiply(a, b) Func Return a * b EndFunc
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Forward_difference
Forward difference
Task Provide code that produces a list of numbers which is the   nth  order forward difference, given a non-negative integer (specifying the order) and a list of numbers. The first-order forward difference of a list of numbers   A   is a new list   B,   where   Bn = An+1 - An. List   B   should have one fewer elem...
#PureBasic
PureBasic
Procedure forward_difference(List a()) If ListSize(a()) <= 1 ClearList(a()): ProcedureReturn EndIf Protected NewList b() CopyList(a(), b()) LastElement(a()): DeleteElement(a()) SelectElement(b(), 1) ForEach a() a() - b(): NextElement(b()) Next EndProcedure   Procedure nth_difference(List a(), L...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Formatted_numeric_output
Formatted numeric output
Task Express a number in decimal as a fixed-length string with leading zeros. For example, the number   7.125   could be expressed as   00007.125.
#Vala
Vala
void main() { double r = 7.125; print(" %9.3f\n", -r); print(" %9.3f\n",r); print(" %-9.3f\n",r); print(" %09.3f\n",-r); print(" %09.3f\n",r); print(" %-09.3f\n",r); }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Formatted_numeric_output
Formatted numeric output
Task Express a number in decimal as a fixed-length string with leading zeros. For example, the number   7.125   could be expressed as   00007.125.
#VBA
VBA
Option Explicit   Sub Main() Debug.Print fFormat(13, 2, 1230.3333) Debug.Print fFormat(2, 13, 1230.3333) Debug.Print fFormat(10, 5, 0.3333) Debug.Print fFormat(13, 2, 1230) End Sub   Private Function fFormat(NbInt As Integer, NbDec As Integer, Nb As Double) As String 'NbInt : Lenght of integral part 'NbDec : Lenght of ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Four_bit_adder
Four bit adder
Task "Simulate" a four-bit adder. This design can be realized using four 1-bit full adders. Each of these 1-bit full adders can be built with two half adders and an   or   gate. ; Finally a half adder can be made using an   xor   gate and an   and   gate. The   xor   gate can be made using two   nots,   two   ands ...
#Raku
Raku
sub xor ($a, $b) { (($a and not $b) or (not $a and $b)) ?? 1 !! 0 }   sub half-adder ($a, $b) { return xor($a, $b), ($a and $b); }   sub full-adder ($a, $b, $c0) { my ($ha0_s, $ha0_c) = half-adder($c0, $a); my ($ha1_s, $ha1_c) = half-adder($ha0_s, $b); return $ha1_s, ($ha0_c or $ha1_c); }   sub four-bit...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Fivenum
Fivenum
Many big data or scientific programs use boxplots to show distributions of data.   In addition, sometimes saving large arrays for boxplots can be impractical and use extreme amounts of RAM.   It can be useful to save large arrays as arrays with five numbers to save memory. For example, the   R   programming language i...
#Modula-2
Modula-2
MODULE Fivenum; FROM FormatString IMPORT FormatString; FROM LongStr IMPORT RealToStr; FROM Terminal IMPORT WriteString,WriteLn,ReadChar;   PROCEDURE WriteLongReal(v : LONGREAL); VAR buf : ARRAY[0..63] OF CHAR; BEGIN RealToStr(v, buf); WriteString(buf) END WriteLongReal;   PROCEDURE WriteArray(arr : ARRAY OF LON...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Find_the_missing_permutation
Find the missing permutation
ABCD CABD ACDB DACB BCDA ACBD ADCB CDAB DABC BCAD CADB CDBA ...
#Arturo
Arturo
perms: [ "ABCD" "CABD" "ACDB" "DACB" "BCDA" "ACBD" "ADCB" "CDAB" "DABC" "BCAD" "CADB" "CDBA" "CBAD" "ABDC" "ADBC" "BDCA" "DCBA" "BACD" "BADC" "BDAC" "CBDA" "DBCA" "DCAB" ]   allPerms: map permutate split "ABCD" => join   print first difference allPerms perms
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Find_the_last_Sunday_of_each_month
Find the last Sunday of each month
Write a program or a script that returns the last Sundays of each month of a given year. The year may be given through any simple input method in your language (command line, std in, etc). Example of an expected output: ./last_sundays 2013 2013-01-27 2013-02-24 2013-03-31 2013-04-28 2013-05-26 2013-06-30 2013-07-28 2...
#C
C
  #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h>   int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int days[] = {31,29,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31}; int m, y, w;   if (argc < 2 || (y = atoi(argv[1])) <= 1752) return 1; days[1] -= (y % 4) || (!(y % 100) && (y % 400)); w = y * 365 + 97 * (y - 1) / 40...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Find_the_intersection_of_two_lines
Find the intersection of two lines
[1] Task Find the point of intersection of two lines in 2D. The 1st line passes though   (4,0)   and   (6,10) . The 2nd line passes though   (0,3)   and   (10,7) .
#C.2B.2B
C++
#include <iostream> #include <cmath> #include <cassert> using namespace std;   /** Calculate determinant of matrix: [a b] [c d] */ inline double Det(double a, double b, double c, double d) { return a*d - b*c; }   /// Calculate intersection of two lines. ///\return true if found, false if not found or error bool Line...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Find_the_intersection_of_a_line_with_a_plane
Find the intersection of a line with a plane
Finding the intersection of an infinite ray with a plane in 3D is an important topic in collision detection. Task Find the point of intersection for the infinite ray with direction   (0, -1, -1)   passing through position   (0, 0, 10)   with the infinite plane with a normal vector of   (0, 0, 1)   and which passes ...
#C.2B.2B
C++
#include <iostream> #include <sstream>   class Vector3D { public: Vector3D(double x, double y, double z) { this->x = x; this->y = y; this->z = z; }   double dot(const Vector3D& rhs) const { return x * rhs.x + y * rhs.y + z * rhs.z; }   Vector3D operator-(const Vector3D& rhs) const { return Vector3D(x - r...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/FizzBuzz
FizzBuzz
Task Write a program that prints the integers from   1   to   100   (inclusive). But:   for multiples of three,   print   Fizz     (instead of the number)   for multiples of five,   print   Buzz     (instead of the number)   for multiples of both three and five,   print   FizzBuzz     (instead of the number) ...
#Ada
Ada
with Ada.Text_IO; use Ada.Text_IO;   procedure Fizzbuzz is begin for I in 1..100 loop if I mod 15 = 0 then Put_Line("FizzBuzz"); elsif I mod 5 = 0 then Put_Line("Buzz"); elsif I mod 3 = 0 then Put_Line("Fizz"); else Put_Line(Integer'Image(I)); end if;...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Five_weekends
Five weekends
The month of October in 2010 has five Fridays, five Saturdays, and five Sundays. Task Write a program to show all months that have this same characteristic of five full weekends from the year 1900 through 2100 (Gregorian calendar). Show the number of months with this property (there should be 201). Show at leas...
#COBOL
COBOL
  program-id. five-we. data division. working-storage section. 1 wk binary. 2 int-date pic 9(8). 2 dow pic 9(4). 2 friday pic 9(4) value 5. 2 mo-sub pic 9(4). 2 months-with-5 pic 9(4) value 0. 2 years-no-5 pic 9(4) value 0. 2 5-we-flag ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/First_perfect_square_in_base_n_with_n_unique_digits
First perfect square in base n with n unique digits
Find the first perfect square in a given base N that has at least N digits and exactly N significant unique digits when expressed in base N. E.G. In base 10, the first perfect square with at least 10 unique digits is 1026753849 (32043²). You may use analytical methods to reduce the search space, but the code must do ...
#Mathematica_.2F_Wolfram_Language
Mathematica / Wolfram Language
ClearAll[FirstSquare] FirstSquare[b_Integer] := Module[{n, alldigits, digs, start}, digs = Range[0, b - 1]; digs[[{2, 1}]] //= Reverse; start = Floor[Sqrt[FromDigits[digs, b]]]; n = start; alldigits = Range[0, b - 1]; While[! ContainsAll[IntegerDigits[n^2, b], alldigits], n++]; {b, n, start, BaseForm[n, b...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/First_perfect_square_in_base_n_with_n_unique_digits
First perfect square in base n with n unique digits
Find the first perfect square in a given base N that has at least N digits and exactly N significant unique digits when expressed in base N. E.G. In base 10, the first perfect square with at least 10 unique digits is 1026753849 (32043²). You may use analytical methods to reduce the search space, but the code must do ...
#Nim
Nim
import algorithm, math, strformat   const Alphabet = "0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"     func toBaseN(num, base: Natural): string = doAssert(base in 2..Alphabet.len, &"base must be in 2..{Alphabet.len}") var num = num while true: result.add(Alphabet[num mod base]) num = num div base if num == 0...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/First-class_functions
First-class functions
A language has first-class functions if it can do each of the following without recursively invoking a compiler or interpreter or otherwise metaprogramming: Create new functions from preexisting functions at run-time Store functions in collections Use functions as arguments to other functions Use functions as retu...
#Delphi
Delphi
  program First_class_functions;   {$APPTYPE CONSOLE}   uses System.SysUtils, System.Math;   type TFunctionTuple = record forward, backward: TFunc<Double, Double>; procedure Assign(forward, backward: TFunc<Double, Double>); end;   TFunctionTuples = array of TFunctionTuple;   var cube, croot, fsin, f...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Forest_fire
Forest fire
This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at Forest-fire model. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Rosetta Code, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU FDL. (See links for details on variance) Task Implement the Drossel and Schwabl definition of the fores...
#Java
Java
import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.LinkedList; import java.util.List;   public class Fire { private static final char BURNING = 'w'; //w looks like fire, right? private static final char TREE = 'T'; private static final char EMPTY = '.'; private static final double F = 0.2; private static final double P = 0...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/First_class_environments
First class environments
According to Wikipedia, "In computing, a first-class object ... is an entity that can be constructed at run-time, passed as a parameter, returned from a subroutine, or assigned into a variable". Often this term is used in the context of "first class functions". In an analogous way, a programming language may support "...
#Tcl
Tcl
package require Tcl 8.5   for {set i 1} {$i <= 12} {incr i} { dict set hailenv hail$i [dict create num $i steps 0] } while 1 { set loopagain false foreach k [dict keys $hailenv] { dict with hailenv $k { puts -nonewline [format %4d $num] if {$num == 1} { continue } elseif {$num & 1} { set...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/First_class_environments
First class environments
According to Wikipedia, "In computing, a first-class object ... is an entity that can be constructed at run-time, passed as a parameter, returned from a subroutine, or assigned into a variable". Often this term is used in the context of "first class functions". In an analogous way, a programming language may support "...
#Wren
Wren
import "/fmt" for Fmt   var environment = Fn.new { class E { construct new(value, count) { _value = value _count = count }   value { _value } count { _count }   hailstone() { Fmt.write("$4d", _value) if (_value == 1) return ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Flatten_a_list
Flatten a list
Task Write a function to flatten the nesting in an arbitrary list of values. Your program should work on the equivalent of this list: [[1], 2, [[3, 4], 5], [[[]]], [[[6]]], 7, 8, []] Where the correct result would be the list: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8] Related task   Tree traversal
#Elixir
Elixir
  defmodule RC do def flatten([]), do: [] def flatten([h|t]), do: flatten(h) ++ flatten(t) def flatten(h), do: [h] end   list = [[1], 2, [[3,4], 5], [[[]]], [[[6]]], 7, 8, []]   # Our own implementation IO.inspect RC.flatten(list) # Library function IO.inspect List.flatten(list)  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Flipping_bits_game
Flipping bits game
The game Given an   N×N   square array of zeroes or ones in an initial configuration,   and a target configuration of zeroes and ones. The game is to transform one to the other in as few moves as possible by inverting whole numbered rows or whole lettered columns at once   (as one move). In an inversion.   any  1 ...
#Red
Red
  Red [] random/seed now/time/precise ;; start random generator kRows: kCols: 3 ;; define board size, 3x3 upto 9x9 possible ;; create series of 3 empty blocks: loop kRows [ append/only board: [] copy [] ] ;; ( this is actu...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/First_power_of_2_that_has_leading_decimal_digits_of_12
First power of 2 that has leading decimal digits of 12
(This task is taken from a   Project Euler   problem.) (All numbers herein are expressed in base ten.) 27   =   128   and   7   is the first power of   2   whose leading decimal digits are   12. The next power of   2   whose leading decimal digits are   12   is   80, 280   =   1208925819614629174706176. Define ...
#Ruby
Ruby
def p(l, n) test = 0 logv = Math.log(2.0) / Math.log(10.0) factor = 1 loopv = l while loopv > 10 do factor = factor * 10 loopv = loopv / 10 end while n > 0 do test = test + 1 val = (factor * (10.0 ** ((test * logv).modulo(1.0)))).floor if val == l then...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/First-class_functions/Use_numbers_analogously
First-class functions/Use numbers analogously
In First-class functions, a language is showing how its manipulation of functions is similar to its manipulation of other types. This tasks aim is to compare and contrast a language's implementation of first class functions, with its normal handling of numbers. Write a program to create an ordered collection of a m...
#R
R
multiplier <- function(n1,n2) { (function(m){n1*n2*m}) } x = 2.0 xi = 0.5 y = 4.0 yi = 0.25 z = x + y zi = 1.0 / ( x + y ) num = c(x,y,z) inv = c(xi,yi,zi)   multiplier(num,inv)(0.5)   Output [1] 0.5 0.5 0.5  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/First-class_functions/Use_numbers_analogously
First-class functions/Use numbers analogously
In First-class functions, a language is showing how its manipulation of functions is similar to its manipulation of other types. This tasks aim is to compare and contrast a language's implementation of first class functions, with its normal handling of numbers. Write a program to create an ordered collection of a m...
#Racket
Racket
  #lang racket   (define x 2.0) (define xi 0.5) (define y 4.0) (define yi 0.25) (define z (+ x y)) (define zi (/ 1.0 (+ x y)))   (define ((multiplier x y) z) (* x y z))   (define numbers (list x y z)) (define inverses (list xi yi zi))   (for/list ([n numbers] [i inverses]) ((multiplier n i) 0.5)) ;; -> '(0.5 0....
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Flow-control_structures
Flow-control structures
Control Structures These are examples of control structures. You may also be interested in: Conditional structures Exceptions Flow-control structures Loops Task Document common flow-control structures. One common example of a flow-control structure is the   goto   construct. Note that   Conditional Struc...
#REXX
REXX
call routineName /*no arguments passed to routine.*/ call routineName 50 /*one argument (fifty) passed. */ call routineName 50,60 /*two arguments passed. */ call routineName 50, 60 /*(same as above) */ call routineName 5...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Flow-control_structures
Flow-control structures
Control Structures These are examples of control structures. You may also be interested in: Conditional structures Exceptions Flow-control structures Loops Task Document common flow-control structures. One common example of a flow-control structure is the   goto   construct. Note that   Conditional Struc...
#Ring
Ring
  i = 1 while true see i + nl if i = 10 see "Break!" exit ok i = i + 1 end  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Floyd%27s_triangle
Floyd's triangle
Floyd's triangle   lists the natural numbers in a right triangle aligned to the left where the first row is   1     (unity) successive rows start towards the left with the next number followed by successive naturals listing one more number than the line above. The first few lines of a Floyd triangle looks like thi...
#Gambas
Gambas
Public Sub Main() Dim siCount, siNo, siCounter As Short Dim siLine As Short = 1 Dim siInput As Short[] = [5, 14]   For siCount = 0 To siInput.Max Print "Floyd's triangle to " & siInput[siCount] & " lines" Do Inc siNo Inc siCounter Print Format(siNo, "####"); If siLine = siCounter Then Pri...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Floyd-Warshall_algorithm
Floyd-Warshall algorithm
The Floyd–Warshall algorithm is an algorithm for finding shortest paths in a weighted graph with positive or negative edge weights. Task Find the lengths of the shortest paths between all pairs of vertices of the given directed graph. Your code may assume that the input has already been checked for loops, parallel ...
#PHP
PHP
<?php $graph = array(); for ($i = 0; $i < 10; ++$i) { $graph[] = array(); for ($j = 0; $j < 10; ++$j) $graph[$i][] = $i == $j ? 0 : 9999999; }   for ($i = 1; $i < 10; ++$i) { $graph[0][$i] = $graph[$i][0] = rand(1, 9); }   for ($k = 0; $k < 10; ++$k) { for ($i = 0; $i < 10; ++$i) { for (...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Function_definition
Function definition
A function is a body of code that returns a value. The value returned may depend on arguments provided to the function. Task Write a definition of a function called "multiply" that takes two arguments and returns their product. (Argument types should be chosen so as not to distract from showing how functions are ...
#Toka
Toka
[ ( ab-c ) * ] is multiply
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Function_definition
Function definition
A function is a body of code that returns a value. The value returned may depend on arguments provided to the function. Task Write a definition of a function called "multiply" that takes two arguments and returns their product. (Argument types should be chosen so as not to distract from showing how functions are ...
#Transd
Transd
multiply: (lambda a Double() b Double() (* a b))
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Forward_difference
Forward difference
Task Provide code that produces a list of numbers which is the   nth  order forward difference, given a non-negative integer (specifying the order) and a list of numbers. The first-order forward difference of a list of numbers   A   is a new list   B,   where   Bn = An+1 - An. List   B   should have one fewer elem...
#Python
Python
>>> dif = lambda s: [x-s[i] for i,x in enumerate(s[1:])] >>> # or, dif = lambda s: [x-y for x,y in zip(s[1:],s)] >>> difn = lambda s, n: difn(dif(s), n-1) if n else s   >>> s = [90, 47, 58, 29, 22, 32, 55, 5, 55, 73] >>> difn(s, 0) [90, 47, 58, 29, 22, 32, 55, 5, 55, 73] >>> difn(s, 1) [-43, 11, -29, -7, 10, 23, -50, 5...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Formatted_numeric_output
Formatted numeric output
Task Express a number in decimal as a fixed-length string with leading zeros. For example, the number   7.125   could be expressed as   00007.125.
#VBScript
VBScript
  a = 1234.5678   ' Round to three decimal places. Groups by default. Output = "1,234.568". WScript.Echo FormatNumber(a, 3)   ' Truncate to three decimal places. Output = "1234.567". WScript.Echo Left(a, InStr(a, ".") + 3)   ' Round to a whole number. Grouping disabled. Output = "1235". WScript.Echo FormatNumber(a, 0, ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Formatted_numeric_output
Formatted numeric output
Task Express a number in decimal as a fixed-length string with leading zeros. For example, the number   7.125   could be expressed as   00007.125.
#Vedit_macro_language
Vedit macro language
#1 = 7125 Num_Ins(#1, FILL+COUNT, 9) Char(-3) Ins_Char('.')
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Four_bit_adder
Four bit adder
Task "Simulate" a four-bit adder. This design can be realized using four 1-bit full adders. Each of these 1-bit full adders can be built with two half adders and an   or   gate. ; Finally a half adder can be made using an   xor   gate and an   and   gate. The   xor   gate can be made using two   nots,   two   ands ...
#REXX
REXX
/*REXX program displays (all) the sums of a full 4─bit adder (with carry). */ call hdr1; call hdr2 /*note the order of headers & trailers.*/ /* [↓] traipse thru all possibilities.*/ do j=0 for 16 ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Fivenum
Fivenum
Many big data or scientific programs use boxplots to show distributions of data.   In addition, sometimes saving large arrays for boxplots can be impractical and use extreme amounts of RAM.   It can be useful to save large arrays as arrays with five numbers to save memory. For example, the   R   programming language i...
#Nim
Nim
import algorithm   type FiveNum = array[5, float]   template isOdd(n: SomeInteger): bool = (n and 1) != 0   func median(x: openArray[float]; startIndex, endIndex: Natural): float = let size = endIndex - startIndex + 1 assert(size > 0, "array slice cannot be empty") let m = startIndex + size div 2 result = if si...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Fivenum
Fivenum
Many big data or scientific programs use boxplots to show distributions of data.   In addition, sometimes saving large arrays for boxplots can be impractical and use extreme amounts of RAM.   It can be useful to save large arrays as arrays with five numbers to save memory. For example, the   R   programming language i...
#Perl
Perl
use POSIX qw(ceil floor);   sub fivenum { my(@array) = @_; my $n = scalar @array; die "No values were entered into fivenum!" if $n == 0; my @x = sort {$a <=> $b} @array; my $n4 = floor(($n+3)/2)/2; my @d = (1, $n4, ($n +1)/2, $n+1-$n4, $n); my @sum_array; for my $e (0..4) { my $floor = flo...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Find_the_missing_permutation
Find the missing permutation
ABCD CABD ACDB DACB BCDA ACBD ADCB CDAB DABC BCAD CADB CDBA ...
#AutoHotkey
AutoHotkey
IncompleteList := "ABCD CABD ACDB DACB BCDA ACBD ADCB CDAB DABC BCAD CADB CDBA CBAD ABDC ADBC BDCA DCBA BACD BADC BDAC CBDA DBCA DCAB"   CompleteList := Perm( "ABCD" ) Missing := ""   Loop, Parse, CompleteList, `n, `r If !InStr( IncompleteList , A_LoopField ) Missing .= "`n" A_LoopField   MsgBox Missing Permutati...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Find_the_last_Sunday_of_each_month
Find the last Sunday of each month
Write a program or a script that returns the last Sundays of each month of a given year. The year may be given through any simple input method in your language (command line, std in, etc). Example of an expected output: ./last_sundays 2013 2013-01-27 2013-02-24 2013-03-31 2013-04-28 2013-05-26 2013-06-30 2013-07-28 2...
#C.23
C#
using System;   namespace LastSundayOfEachMonth { class Program { static void Main() { Console.Write("Year to calculate: ");   string strYear = Console.ReadLine(); int year = Convert.ToInt32(strYear);   DateTime date; for (int i = 1; i ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Find_the_intersection_of_two_lines
Find the intersection of two lines
[1] Task Find the point of intersection of two lines in 2D. The 1st line passes though   (4,0)   and   (6,10) . The 2nd line passes though   (0,3)   and   (10,7) .
#Clojure
Clojure
;; Point is [x y] tuple (defn compute-line [pt1 pt2] (let [[x1 y1] pt1 [x2 y2] pt2 m (/ (- y2 y1) (- x2 x1))] {:slope m  :offset (- y1 (* m x1))}))   (defn intercept [line1 line2] (let [x (/ (- (:offset line1) (:offset line2)) (- (:slope line2) (:slope line1)))] {:x x ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Find_the_intersection_of_two_lines
Find the intersection of two lines
[1] Task Find the point of intersection of two lines in 2D. The 1st line passes though   (4,0)   and   (6,10) . The 2nd line passes though   (0,3)   and   (10,7) .
#Common_Lisp
Common Lisp
  ;; Point is [x y] tuple (defun point-of-intersection (x1 y1 x2 y2 x3 y3 x4 y4) "Find the point of intersection of the lines defined by the points (x1 y1) (x2 y2) and (x3 y3) (x4 y4)" (let* ((dx1 (- x2 x1)) (dx2 (- x4 x3)) (dy1 (- y2 y1)) (dy2 (- y4 y3)) (den (- (* dy1 dx2) (* dy2...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Find_the_intersection_of_a_line_with_a_plane
Find the intersection of a line with a plane
Finding the intersection of an infinite ray with a plane in 3D is an important topic in collision detection. Task Find the point of intersection for the infinite ray with direction   (0, -1, -1)   passing through position   (0, 0, 10)   with the infinite plane with a normal vector of   (0, 0, 1)   and which passes ...
#D
D
import std.stdio;   struct Vector3D { private real x; private real y; private real z;   this(real x, real y, real z) { this.x = x; this.y = y; this.z = z; }   auto opBinary(string op)(Vector3D rhs) const { static if (op == "+" || op == "-") { mixin("re...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/FizzBuzz
FizzBuzz
Task Write a program that prints the integers from   1   to   100   (inclusive). But:   for multiples of three,   print   Fizz     (instead of the number)   for multiples of five,   print   Buzz     (instead of the number)   for multiples of both three and five,   print   FizzBuzz     (instead of the number) ...
#ALGOL_68
ALGOL 68
main:( FOR i TO 100 DO printf(($gl$, IF i %* 15 = 0 THEN "FizzBuzz" ELIF i %* 3 = 0 THEN "Fizz" ELIF i %* 5 = 0 THEN "Buzz" ELSE i FI )) OD )
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Five_weekends
Five weekends
The month of October in 2010 has five Fridays, five Saturdays, and five Sundays. Task Write a program to show all months that have this same characteristic of five full weekends from the year 1900 through 2100 (Gregorian calendar). Show the number of months with this property (there should be 201). Show at leas...
#CoffeeScript
CoffeeScript
  startsOnFriday = (month, year) -> # 0 is Sunday, 1 is Monday, ... 5 is Friday, 6 is Saturday new Date(year, month, 1).getDay() == 5   has31Days = (month, year) -> new Date(year, month, 31).getDate() == 31   checkMonths = (year) -> month = undefined count = 0 month = 0 while month < 12 if startsOnFri...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/First_perfect_square_in_base_n_with_n_unique_digits
First perfect square in base n with n unique digits
Find the first perfect square in a given base N that has at least N digits and exactly N significant unique digits when expressed in base N. E.G. In base 10, the first perfect square with at least 10 unique digits is 1026753849 (32043²). You may use analytical methods to reduce the search space, but the code must do ...
#Pascal
Pascal
program project1; //Find the smallest number n to base b, so that n*n includes all //digits of base b {$IFDEF FPC}{$MODE DELPHI}{$ENDIF} uses sysutils; const charSet : array[0..36] of char ='0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'; type tNumtoBase = record ntb_dgt : array[0..31-4] of byte; ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/First-class_functions
First-class functions
A language has first-class functions if it can do each of the following without recursively invoking a compiler or interpreter or otherwise metaprogramming: Create new functions from preexisting functions at run-time Store functions in collections Use functions as arguments to other functions Use functions as retu...
#Dyalect
Dyalect
func apply(fun, x) { y => fun(x, y) }   func sum(x, y) { x + y }   let sum2 = apply(sum, 2)
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/First-class_functions
First-class functions
A language has first-class functions if it can do each of the following without recursively invoking a compiler or interpreter or otherwise metaprogramming: Create new functions from preexisting functions at run-time Store functions in collections Use functions as arguments to other functions Use functions as retu...
#D.C3.A9j.C3.A0_Vu
Déjà Vu
negate: - 0   set :A [ @++ $ @negate @-- ]   set :B [ @-- $ @++ @negate ]   test n: for i range 0 -- len A: if /= n call compose @B! i @A! i n: return false true   test to-num !prompt "Enter a number: " if: !print "f^-1(f(x)) = x" else: !print "Something went wrong."  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Forest_fire
Forest fire
This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at Forest-fire model. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Rosetta Code, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU FDL. (See links for details on variance) Task Implement the Drossel and Schwabl definition of the fores...
#JavaScript
JavaScript
"use strict"   const _ = require('lodash');   const WIDTH_ARGUMENT_POSITION = 2; const HEIGHT_ARGUMENT_POSITION = 3; const TREE_PROBABILITY = 0.5; const NEW_TREE_PROBABILITY = 0.01; const BURN_PROBABILITY = 0.0001; const CONSOLE_RED = '\x1b[31m'; const CONSOLE_GREEN = '\x1b[...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/First_class_environments
First class environments
According to Wikipedia, "In computing, a first-class object ... is an entity that can be constructed at run-time, passed as a parameter, returned from a subroutine, or assigned into a variable". Often this term is used in the context of "first class functions". In an analogous way, a programming language may support "...
#zkl
zkl
class Env{ var n,cnt=0; fcn init(_n){n=_n; returnClass(self.f)} fcn f{ if(n!=1){ cnt += 1; if(n.isEven) n=n/2; else n=n*3+1; } n } }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Flatten_a_list
Flatten a list
Task Write a function to flatten the nesting in an arbitrary list of values. Your program should work on the equivalent of this list: [[1], 2, [[3, 4], 5], [[[]]], [[[6]]], 7, 8, []] Where the correct result would be the list: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8] Related task   Tree traversal
#Elm
Elm
  import Graphics.Element exposing (show)   type Tree a = Leaf a | Node (List (Tree a))   flatten : Tree a -> List a flatten tree = case tree of Leaf a -> [a] Node list -> List.concatMap flatten list   -- [[1], 2, [[3, 4], 5], [[[]]], [[[6]]], 7, 8, []] tree : Tree Int tree = Node [ Node [Leaf 1] , Le...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Flipping_bits_game
Flipping bits game
The game Given an   N×N   square array of zeroes or ones in an initial configuration,   and a target configuration of zeroes and ones. The game is to transform one to the other in as few moves as possible by inverting whole numbered rows or whole lettered columns at once   (as one move). In an inversion.   any  1 ...
#REXX
REXX
/*REXX program presents a "flipping bit" puzzle. The user can solve via it via C.L. */ parse arg N u seed . /*get optional arguments from the C.L. */ if N=='' | N=="," then N=3 /*Size given? Then use default of 3.*/ if u=='' | u=="," then u=N ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/First_power_of_2_that_has_leading_decimal_digits_of_12
First power of 2 that has leading decimal digits of 12
(This task is taken from a   Project Euler   problem.) (All numbers herein are expressed in base ten.) 27   =   128   and   7   is the first power of   2   whose leading decimal digits are   12. The next power of   2   whose leading decimal digits are   12   is   80, 280   =   1208925819614629174706176. Define ...
#Rust
Rust
fn power_of_two(l: isize, n: isize) -> isize { let mut test: isize = 0; let log: f64 = 2.0_f64.ln() / 10.0_f64.ln(); let mut factor: isize = 1; let mut looop = l; let mut nn = n; while looop > 10 { factor *= 10; looop /= 10; }   while nn > 0 { test = test + 1; ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/First_power_of_2_that_has_leading_decimal_digits_of_12
First power of 2 that has leading decimal digits of 12
(This task is taken from a   Project Euler   problem.) (All numbers herein are expressed in base ten.) 27   =   128   and   7   is the first power of   2   whose leading decimal digits are   12. The next power of   2   whose leading decimal digits are   12   is   80, 280   =   1208925819614629174706176. Define ...
#Scala
Scala
object FirstPowerOfTwo { def p(l: Int, n: Int): Int = { var n2 = n var test = 0 val log = math.log(2) / math.log(10) var factor = 1 var loop = l while (loop > 10) { factor *= 10 loop /= 10 } while (n2 > 0) { test += 1 val value = (factor * math.pow(10, test * lo...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/First-class_functions/Use_numbers_analogously
First-class functions/Use numbers analogously
In First-class functions, a language is showing how its manipulation of functions is similar to its manipulation of other types. This tasks aim is to compare and contrast a language's implementation of first class functions, with its normal handling of numbers. Write a program to create an ordered collection of a m...
#Raku
Raku
sub multiplied ($g, $f) { return { $g * $f * $^x } }   my $x = 2.0; my $xi = 0.5; my $y = 4.0; my $yi = 0.25; my $z = $x + $y; my $zi = 1.0 / ( $x + $y );   my @numbers = $x, $y, $z; my @inverses = $xi, $yi, $zi;   for flat @numbers Z @inverses { say multiplied($^g, $^f)(.5) }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/First-class_functions/Use_numbers_analogously
First-class functions/Use numbers analogously
In First-class functions, a language is showing how its manipulation of functions is similar to its manipulation of other types. This tasks aim is to compare and contrast a language's implementation of first class functions, with its normal handling of numbers. Write a program to create an ordered collection of a m...
#REXX
REXX
/*REXX program to use a first-class function to use numbers analogously. */ nums= 2.0 4.0 6.0 /*various numbers, can have fractions.*/ invs= 1/2.0 1/4.0 1/6.0 /*inverses of the above (real) numbers.*/ m= 0.5 ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Flow-control_structures
Flow-control structures
Control Structures These are examples of control structures. You may also be interested in: Conditional structures Exceptions Flow-control structures Loops Task Document common flow-control structures. One common example of a flow-control structure is the   goto   construct. Note that   Conditional Struc...
#Ruby
Ruby
begin # some code that may raise an exception rescue ExceptionClassA => a # handle code rescue ExceptionClassB, ExceptionClassC => b_or_c # handle ... rescue # handle all other exceptions else # when no exception occurred, execute this code ensure # execute this code always end
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Flow-control_structures
Flow-control structures
Control Structures These are examples of control structures. You may also be interested in: Conditional structures Exceptions Flow-control structures Loops Task Document common flow-control structures. One common example of a flow-control structure is the   goto   construct. Note that   Conditional Struc...
#SAS
SAS
/* GOTO: as in other languages STOP: to stop current data step */ data _null_; n=1; p=1; L1: put n p; n=n+1; if n<=p then goto L1; p=p+1; n=1; if p>10 then stop; goto L1;   run;   /* LINK: equivalent of GOSUB in BASIC RETURN: after a LINK, or to return to the beginning of data step */ data _null_; input ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Floyd%27s_triangle
Floyd's triangle
Floyd's triangle   lists the natural numbers in a right triangle aligned to the left where the first row is   1     (unity) successive rows start towards the left with the next number followed by successive naturals listing one more number than the line above. The first few lines of a Floyd triangle looks like thi...
#Go
Go
package main   import "fmt"   func main() { floyd(5) floyd(14) }   func floyd(n int) { fmt.Printf("Floyd %d:\n", n) lowerLeftCorner := n*(n-1)/2 + 1 lastInColumn := lowerLeftCorner lastInRow := 1 for i, row := 1, 1; row <= n; i++ { w := len(fmt.Sprint(lastInColumn)) if i < la...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Floyd-Warshall_algorithm
Floyd-Warshall algorithm
The Floyd–Warshall algorithm is an algorithm for finding shortest paths in a weighted graph with positive or negative edge weights. Task Find the lengths of the shortest paths between all pairs of vertices of the given directed graph. Your code may assume that the input has already been checked for loops, parallel ...
#Prolog
Prolog
:- use_module(library(clpfd)).   path(List, To, From, [From], W) :- select([To,From,W],List,_). path(List, To, From, [Link|R], W) :- select([To,Link,W1],List,Rest), W #= W1 + W2, path(Rest, Link, From, R, W2).   find_path(Din, From, To, [From|Pout], Wout) :- between(1, 4, From), between(1, 4, To...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Function_definition
Function definition
A function is a body of code that returns a value. The value returned may depend on arguments provided to the function. Task Write a definition of a function called "multiply" that takes two arguments and returns their product. (Argument types should be chosen so as not to distract from showing how functions are ...
#TXR
TXR
@(define multiply (a b out)) @(bind out @(* a b)) @(end) @(multiply 3 4 result)
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Function_definition
Function definition
A function is a body of code that returns a value. The value returned may depend on arguments provided to the function. Task Write a definition of a function called "multiply" that takes two arguments and returns their product. (Argument types should be chosen so as not to distract from showing how functions are ...
#uBasic.2F4tH_2
uBasic/4tH
PRINT FUNC (_Multiply (2,3)) END   _Multiply PARAM (2) RETURN (a@ * b@)
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Forward_difference
Forward difference
Task Provide code that produces a list of numbers which is the   nth  order forward difference, given a non-negative integer (specifying the order) and a list of numbers. The first-order forward difference of a list of numbers   A   is a new list   B,   where   Bn = An+1 - An. List   B   should have one fewer elem...
#Quackery
Quackery
[ times [ [] swap behead swap witheach [ tuck dip [ - join ] ] drop ] ] is f-diff ( [ n --> [ )   ' [ 90 47 58 29 22 32 55 5 55 73 ]   dup size times [ dup i^ dup echo say ": " f-diff echo cr ] drop
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Forward_difference
Forward difference
Task Provide code that produces a list of numbers which is the   nth  order forward difference, given a non-negative integer (specifying the order) and a list of numbers. The first-order forward difference of a list of numbers   A   is a new list   B,   where   Bn = An+1 - An. List   B   should have one fewer elem...
#R
R
forwarddif <- function(a, n) { if ( n == 1 ) a[2:length(a)] - a[1:length(a)-1] else { r <- forwarddif(a, 1) forwarddif(r, n-1) } }   fdiff <- function(a, n) { r <- a for(i in 1:n) { r <- r[2:length(r)] - r[1:length(r)-1] } r }   v <- c(90, 47, 58, 29, 22, 32, 55, 5, 55, 73)   print(forward...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Formatted_numeric_output
Formatted numeric output
Task Express a number in decimal as a fixed-length string with leading zeros. For example, the number   7.125   could be expressed as   00007.125.
#Visual_Basic
Visual Basic
  Debug.Print Format$(7.125, "00000.000")  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Formatted_numeric_output
Formatted numeric output
Task Express a number in decimal as a fixed-length string with leading zeros. For example, the number   7.125   could be expressed as   00007.125.
#Wren
Wren
import "/fmt" for Fmt   var n = 7.125 System.print(Fmt.rjust(9, n, "0"))
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Four_bit_adder
Four bit adder
Task "Simulate" a four-bit adder. This design can be realized using four 1-bit full adders. Each of these 1-bit full adders can be built with two half adders and an   or   gate. ; Finally a half adder can be made using an   xor   gate and an   and   gate. The   xor   gate can be made using two   nots,   two   ands ...
#Ring
Ring
    ###--------------------------- # Program: 4 Bit Adder - Ring # Author: Bert Mariani # Date: 2018-02-28 # # Bit Adder: Input A B Cin # Output S Cout # # A ^ B => axb XOR gate # axb ^ C => Sout XOR gate # axb & C => d AND gate # # A & B => anb ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Fivenum
Fivenum
Many big data or scientific programs use boxplots to show distributions of data.   In addition, sometimes saving large arrays for boxplots can be impractical and use extreme amounts of RAM.   It can be useful to save large arrays as arrays with five numbers to save memory. For example, the   R   programming language i...
#Phix
Phix
with javascript_semantics function median(sequence tbl, integer lo, hi) integer l = hi-lo+1 integer m = lo+floor(l/2) if remainder(l,2)=1 then return tbl[m] end if return (tbl[m-1]+tbl[m])/2 end function function fivenum(sequence tbl) tbl = sort(deep_copy(tbl)) integer l = length(t...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Find_the_missing_permutation
Find the missing permutation
ABCD CABD ACDB DACB BCDA ACBD ADCB CDAB DABC BCAD CADB CDBA ...
#AWK
AWK
{ split($1,a,""); for (i=1;i<=4;++i) { t[i,a[i]]++; } } END { for (k in t) { split(k,a,SUBSEP) for (l in t) { split(l, b, SUBSEP) if (a[1] == b[1] && t[k] < t[l]) { s[a[1]] = a[2] break } } } print s[1]s[2]s[3]s[4] }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Find_the_last_Sunday_of_each_month
Find the last Sunday of each month
Write a program or a script that returns the last Sundays of each month of a given year. The year may be given through any simple input method in your language (command line, std in, etc). Example of an expected output: ./last_sundays 2013 2013-01-27 2013-02-24 2013-03-31 2013-04-28 2013-05-26 2013-06-30 2013-07-28 2...
#C.2B.2B
C++
  #include <windows.h> #include <iostream> #include <string>   //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- using namespace std;   //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- class lastSunday { public: l...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Find_the_intersection_of_two_lines
Find the intersection of two lines
[1] Task Find the point of intersection of two lines in 2D. The 1st line passes though   (4,0)   and   (6,10) . The 2nd line passes though   (0,3)   and   (10,7) .
#D
D
import std.stdio;   struct Point { real x, y;   void toString(scope void delegate(const(char)[]) sink) const { import std.format; sink("{"); sink.formattedWrite!"%f"(x); sink(", "); sink.formattedWrite!"%f"(y); sink("}"); } }   struct Line { Point s, e; } ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Find_the_intersection_of_a_line_with_a_plane
Find the intersection of a line with a plane
Finding the intersection of an infinite ray with a plane in 3D is an important topic in collision detection. Task Find the point of intersection for the infinite ray with direction   (0, -1, -1)   passing through position   (0, 0, 10)   with the infinite plane with a normal vector of   (0, 0, 1)   and which passes ...
#F.23
F#
open System   type Vector(x : double, y : double, z : double) = member this.x = x member this.y = y member this.z = z static member (-) (lhs : Vector, rhs : Vector) = Vector(lhs.x - rhs.x, lhs.y - rhs.y, lhs.z - rhs.z) static member (*) (lhs : Vector, rhs : double) = Vector(lhs.x * r...