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http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Find_the_last_Sunday_of_each_month
Find the last Sunday of each month
Write a program or a script that returns the last Sundays of each month of a given year. The year may be given through any simple input method in your language (command line, std in, etc). Example of an expected output: ./last_sundays 2013 2013-01-27 2013-02-24 2013-03-31 2013-04-28 2013-05-26 2013-06-30 2013-07-28 2...
#Ada
Ada
>./last_weekday_in_month sunday 2013 2013-01-27 2013-02-24 2013-03-31 2013-04-28 2013-05-26 2013-06-30 2013-07-28 2013-08-25 2013-09-29 2013-10-27 2013-11-24 2013-12-29
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Find_the_last_Sunday_of_each_month
Find the last Sunday of each month
Write a program or a script that returns the last Sundays of each month of a given year. The year may be given through any simple input method in your language (command line, std in, etc). Example of an expected output: ./last_sundays 2013 2013-01-27 2013-02-24 2013-03-31 2013-04-28 2013-05-26 2013-06-30 2013-07-28 2...
#ALGOL_68
ALGOL 68
BEGIN # find the last Sunday in each month of a year # # returns true if year is a leap year, false otherwise # # assumes year is in the Gregorian Calendar # PROC is leap year = ( INT year )BOOL: year MOD 400 = 0 OR ( year MOD 4 = 0 AND year MOD 100 /= 0 ); # ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Find_the_intersection_of_two_lines
Find the intersection of two lines
[1] Task Find the point of intersection of two lines in 2D. The 1st line passes though   (4,0)   and   (6,10) . The 2nd line passes though   (0,3)   and   (10,7) .
#Ada
Ada
with Ada.Text_IO;   procedure Intersection_Of_Two_Lines is Do_Not_Intersect : exception;   type Line is record a : Float; b : Float; end record;   type Point is record x : Float; y : Float; end record;   function To_Line(p1, p2 : in Point) return Line is a : constant F...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/FizzBuzz
FizzBuzz
Task Write a program that prints the integers from   1   to   100   (inclusive). But:   for multiples of three,   print   Fizz     (instead of the number)   for multiples of five,   print   Buzz     (instead of the number)   for multiples of both three and five,   print   FizzBuzz     (instead of the number) ...
#8080_Assembly
8080 Assembly
  with: n   : num? \ n f -- ) if drop else . then ;   \ is m mod n 0? leave the result twice on the stack : div? \ m n -- f f mod 0 = dup ;   : fizz? \ n -- n f dup 3 div? if "Fizz" . then ;   : buzz? \ n f -- n f over 5 div? if "Buzz" . then or ;   \ print a message as appropriate for the given number: :...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Five_weekends
Five weekends
The month of October in 2010 has five Fridays, five Saturdays, and five Sundays. Task Write a program to show all months that have this same characteristic of five full weekends from the year 1900 through 2100 (Gregorian calendar). Show the number of months with this property (there should be 201). Show at leas...
#AutoHotkey
AutoHotkey
Year := 1900 End_Year := 2100 31_Day_Months = 01,03,05,07,08,10,12   While Year <= End_Year { Loop, Parse, 31_Day_Months, CSV { FormatTime, Day, %Year%%A_LoopField%01, dddd IfEqual, Day, Friday { All_Months_With_5_Weekends .= A_LoopField . "/" . Year ", " ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/First_perfect_square_in_base_n_with_n_unique_digits
First perfect square in base n with n unique digits
Find the first perfect square in a given base N that has at least N digits and exactly N significant unique digits when expressed in base N. E.G. In base 10, the first perfect square with at least 10 unique digits is 1026753849 (32043²). You may use analytical methods to reduce the search space, but the code must do ...
#D
D
import std.algorithm; import std.exception; import std.math; import std.stdio; import std.string;   string toBaseN(const long num, const int base) in (base > 1, "base cannot be less than 2") body { immutable ALPHABET = "0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"; enforce(base < ALPHABET.length, "base cannot be repre...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/First-class_functions
First-class functions
A language has first-class functions if it can do each of the following without recursively invoking a compiler or interpreter or otherwise metaprogramming: Create new functions from preexisting functions at run-time Store functions in collections Use functions as arguments to other functions Use functions as retu...
#Bori
Bori
double acos (double d) { return Math.acos(d); } double asin (double d) { return Math.asin(d); } double cos (double d) { return Math.cos(d); } double sin (double d) { return Math.sin(d); } double croot (double d) { return Math.pow(d, 1/3); } double cube (double x) { return x * x * x; }   Var compose (Var f, Var g, doubl...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/First-class_functions
First-class functions
A language has first-class functions if it can do each of the following without recursively invoking a compiler or interpreter or otherwise metaprogramming: Create new functions from preexisting functions at run-time Store functions in collections Use functions as arguments to other functions Use functions as retu...
#BQN
BQN
funsA ← ⟨⋆⟜2,-,•math.Sin,{𝕩×3}⟩ funsB ← ⟨√,-,•math.Asin,{𝕩÷3}⟩   comp ← funsA {𝕎∘𝕏}¨ funsB   •Show comp {𝕎𝕩}¨<0.5
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Forest_fire
Forest fire
This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at Forest-fire model. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Rosetta Code, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU FDL. (See links for details on variance) Task Implement the Drossel and Schwabl definition of the fores...
#Factor
Factor
USING: combinators grouping kernel literals math math.matrices math.vectors prettyprint random raylib.ffi sequences ; IN: rosetta-code.forest-fire   ! The following private vocab builds up to a useful combinator, ! matrix-map-neighbors, which takes a matrix, a quotation, and ! inside the quotation makes available each ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/First_class_environments
First class environments
According to Wikipedia, "In computing, a first-class object ... is an entity that can be constructed at run-time, passed as a parameter, returned from a subroutine, or assigned into a variable". Often this term is used in the context of "first class functions". In an analogous way, a programming language may support "...
#Kotlin
Kotlin
// version 1.1.3   class Environment(var seq: Int, var count: Int)   const val JOBS = 12 val envs = List(JOBS) { Environment(it + 1, 0) } var seq = 0 // 'seq' for current environment var count = 0 // 'count' for current environment var currId = 0 // index of current environment   fun switchTo(id: Int) { if ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Flatten_a_list
Flatten a list
Task Write a function to flatten the nesting in an arbitrary list of values. Your program should work on the equivalent of this list: [[1], 2, [[3, 4], 5], [[[]]], [[[6]]], 7, 8, []] Where the correct result would be the list: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8] Related task   Tree traversal
#CoffeeScript
CoffeeScript
  flatten = (arr) -> arr.reduce ((xs, el) -> if Array.isArray el xs.concat flatten el else xs.concat [el]), []   # test list = [[1], 2, [[3,4], 5], [[[]]], [[[6]]], 7, 8, []] console.log flatten list  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Flipping_bits_game
Flipping bits game
The game Given an   N×N   square array of zeroes or ones in an initial configuration,   and a target configuration of zeroes and ones. The game is to transform one to the other in as few moves as possible by inverting whole numbered rows or whole lettered columns at once   (as one move). In an inversion.   any  1 ...
#MATLAB
MATLAB
function FlippingBitsGame(n) % Play the flipping bits game on an n x n array   % Generate random target array fprintf('Welcome to the Flipping Bits Game!\n') if nargin < 1 n = input('What dimension array should we use? '); end Tar = logical(randi([0 1], n));   % Generate starting array b...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/First_power_of_2_that_has_leading_decimal_digits_of_12
First power of 2 that has leading decimal digits of 12
(This task is taken from a   Project Euler   problem.) (All numbers herein are expressed in base ten.) 27   =   128   and   7   is the first power of   2   whose leading decimal digits are   12. The next power of   2   whose leading decimal digits are   12   is   80, 280   =   1208925819614629174706176. Define ...
#Kotlin
Kotlin
import kotlin.math.ln import kotlin.math.pow   fun main() { runTest(12, 1) runTest(12, 2) runTest(123, 45) runTest(123, 12345) runTest(123, 678910) }   private fun runTest(l: Int, n: Int) { // System.out.printf("p(%d, %d) = %,d%n", l, n, p(l, n)) println("p($l, $n) = %,d".format(p(l, n))) }  ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/First-class_functions/Use_numbers_analogously
First-class functions/Use numbers analogously
In First-class functions, a language is showing how its manipulation of functions is similar to its manipulation of other types. This tasks aim is to compare and contrast a language's implementation of first class functions, with its normal handling of numbers. Write a program to create an ordered collection of a m...
#Lua
Lua
  -- This function returns another function that -- keeps n1 and n2 in scope, ie. a closure. function multiplier (n1, n2) return function (m) return n1 * n2 * m end end   -- Multiple assignment a-go-go local x, xi, y, yi = 2.0, 0.5, 4.0, 0.25 local z, zi = x + y, 1.0 / ( x + y ) local ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/First-class_functions/Use_numbers_analogously
First-class functions/Use numbers analogously
In First-class functions, a language is showing how its manipulation of functions is similar to its manipulation of other types. This tasks aim is to compare and contrast a language's implementation of first class functions, with its normal handling of numbers. Write a program to create an ordered collection of a m...
#M2000_Interpreter
M2000 Interpreter
  Module CheckIt { \\ by default numbers are double x = 2 xi = 0.5 y = 4 yi = 0.25 z = x + y zi = 1 / ( x + y ) Composed=lambda (a, b)-> { =lambda a,b (n)->{ =a*b*n } } numbers=(x,y,z) inverses=(xi,yi,zi) ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Flow-control_structures
Flow-control structures
Control Structures These are examples of control structures. You may also be interested in: Conditional structures Exceptions Flow-control structures Loops Task Document common flow-control structures. One common example of a flow-control structure is the   goto   construct. Note that   Conditional Struc...
#Oforth
Oforth
break
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Flow-control_structures
Flow-control structures
Control Structures These are examples of control structures. You may also be interested in: Conditional structures Exceptions Flow-control structures Loops Task Document common flow-control structures. One common example of a flow-control structure is the   goto   construct. Note that   Conditional Struc...
#Oz
Oz
case {OS.rand} mod 3 of 0 then {Foo} [] 1 then {Bar} [] 2 then {Buzz} end
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Floyd%27s_triangle
Floyd's triangle
Floyd's triangle   lists the natural numbers in a right triangle aligned to the left where the first row is   1     (unity) successive rows start towards the left with the next number followed by successive naturals listing one more number than the line above. The first few lines of a Floyd triangle looks like thi...
#Cowgol
Cowgol
include "cowgol.coh";   sub width(n: uint16): (w: uint8) is w := 1; while n >= 10 loop n := n / 10; w := w + 1; end loop; end sub;   sub print_fixed(n: uint16, w: uint8) is w := w - width(n); while w > 0 loop print_char(' '); w := w - 1; end loop; print_i16(n)...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Floyd-Warshall_algorithm
Floyd-Warshall algorithm
The Floyd–Warshall algorithm is an algorithm for finding shortest paths in a weighted graph with positive or negative edge weights. Task Find the lengths of the shortest paths between all pairs of vertices of the given directed graph. Your code may assume that the input has already been checked for loops, parallel ...
#Mathematica_.2F_Wolfram_Language
Mathematica / Wolfram Language
g = Graph[{1 \[DirectedEdge] 3, 3 \[DirectedEdge] 4, 4 \[DirectedEdge] 2, 2 \[DirectedEdge] 1, 2 \[DirectedEdge] 3}, EdgeWeight -> {(1 \[DirectedEdge] 3) -> -2, (3 \[DirectedEdge] 4) -> 2, (4 \[DirectedEdge] 2) -> -1, (2 \[DirectedEdge] 1) -> 4, (2 \[DirectedEdge] 3) -> 3}] vl = VertexList[g]; dm = G...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Function_definition
Function definition
A function is a body of code that returns a value. The value returned may depend on arguments provided to the function. Task Write a definition of a function called "multiply" that takes two arguments and returns their product. (Argument types should be chosen so as not to distract from showing how functions are ...
#SETL
SETL
proc multiply( a, b ); return a * b; end proc;
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Function_definition
Function definition
A function is a body of code that returns a value. The value returned may depend on arguments provided to the function. Task Write a definition of a function called "multiply" that takes two arguments and returns their product. (Argument types should be chosen so as not to distract from showing how functions are ...
#Sidef
Sidef
func multiply(a, b) { a * b; }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Forward_difference
Forward difference
Task Provide code that produces a list of numbers which is the   nth  order forward difference, given a non-negative integer (specifying the order) and a list of numbers. The first-order forward difference of a list of numbers   A   is a new list   B,   where   Bn = An+1 - An. List   B   should have one fewer elem...
#Pascal
Pascal
Program ForwardDifferenceDemo(output);   procedure fowardDifference(list: array of integer); var b: array of integer; i, newlength: integer; begin newlength := length(list) - 1; if newlength > 0 then begin setlength(b, newlength); for i := low(b) to high(b) do begin b[i...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Formatted_numeric_output
Formatted numeric output
Task Express a number in decimal as a fixed-length string with leading zeros. For example, the number   7.125   could be expressed as   00007.125.
#Sather
Sather
class MAIN is main is #OUT + #FMT("<F0 #####.###>", 7.1257) + "\n"; #OUT + #FMT("<F0 #####.###>", 7.1254) + "\n"; end; end;
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Formatted_numeric_output
Formatted numeric output
Task Express a number in decimal as a fixed-length string with leading zeros. For example, the number   7.125   could be expressed as   00007.125.
#Scala
Scala
object FormattedNumeric { val r = 7.125 //> r  : Double = 7.125 println(f" ${-r}%9.3f"); //> -7,125 println(f" $r%9.3f"); //> 7,125 println(f" $r%-9.3f"); //> 7,125 println(f" ${-r}%09.3f"...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Four_bit_adder
Four bit adder
Task "Simulate" a four-bit adder. This design can be realized using four 1-bit full adders. Each of these 1-bit full adders can be built with two half adders and an   or   gate. ; Finally a half adder can be made using an   xor   gate and an   and   gate. The   xor   gate can be made using two   nots,   two   ands ...
#PicoLisp
PicoLisp
(de halfAdder (A B) #> (Carry . Sum) (cons (and A B) (xor A B) ) )   (de fullAdder (A B C) #> (Carry . Sum) (let (Ha1 (halfAdder C A) Ha2 (halfAdder (cdr Ha1) B)) (cons (or (car Ha1) (car Ha2)) (cdr Ha2) ) ) )   (de 4bitsAdder (A4 A3 A2 A1 B4 B3 B2 B1) #> (V S4 S3 S2 S1) ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Fivenum
Fivenum
Many big data or scientific programs use boxplots to show distributions of data.   In addition, sometimes saving large arrays for boxplots can be impractical and use extreme amounts of RAM.   It can be useful to save large arrays as arrays with five numbers to save memory. For example, the   R   programming language i...
#Groovy
Groovy
class Fivenum { static double median(double[] x, int start, int endInclusive) { int size = endInclusive - start + 1 if (size <= 0) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("Array slice cannot be empty") } int m = start + (int) (size / 2) return (size % 2 == 1) ? x[m] ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Find_the_missing_permutation
Find the missing permutation
ABCD CABD ACDB DACB BCDA ACBD ADCB CDAB DABC BCAD CADB CDBA ...
#8086_Assembly
8086 Assembly
cpu 8086 org 100h mov si,perms ; Start of permutations xor bx,bx ; First word of permutation xor dx,dx ; Second word of permutation mov cx,23 ; There are 23 permutations given per...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Find_the_last_Sunday_of_each_month
Find the last Sunday of each month
Write a program or a script that returns the last Sundays of each month of a given year. The year may be given through any simple input method in your language (command line, std in, etc). Example of an expected output: ./last_sundays 2013 2013-01-27 2013-02-24 2013-03-31 2013-04-28 2013-05-26 2013-06-30 2013-07-28 2...
#ALGOL-M
ALGOL-M
  BEGIN   % CALCULATE P MOD Q % INTEGER FUNCTION MOD(P, Q); INTEGER P, Q; BEGIN MOD := P - Q * (P / Q); END;   COMMENT RETURN DAY OF WEEK (SUN=0, MON=1, ETC.) FOR A GIVEN GREGORIAN CALENDAR DATE USING ZELLER'S CONGRUENCE; INTEGER FUNCTION DAYOFWEEK(MO, DA, YR); INTEGER MO, DA, YR; BEGIN INTEGER Y, C, Z; IF M...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Find_the_last_Sunday_of_each_month
Find the last Sunday of each month
Write a program or a script that returns the last Sundays of each month of a given year. The year may be given through any simple input method in your language (command line, std in, etc). Example of an expected output: ./last_sundays 2013 2013-01-27 2013-02-24 2013-03-31 2013-04-28 2013-05-26 2013-06-30 2013-07-28 2...
#ALGOL_W
ALGOL W
begin % find the last Sunday in each month of a year  %  % returns true if year is a leap year, false otherwise  %  % assumes year is in the Gregorian Calendar  % logical procedure isLeapYear ( integer value year ) ; year rem 400 = 0 or ( year rem 4 = 0 and year rem 100...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Find_the_intersection_of_two_lines
Find the intersection of two lines
[1] Task Find the point of intersection of two lines in 2D. The 1st line passes though   (4,0)   and   (6,10) . The 2nd line passes though   (0,3)   and   (10,7) .
#ALGOL_68
ALGOL 68
BEGIN # mode to hold a point # MODE POINT = STRUCT( REAL x, y ); # mode to hold a line expressed as y = mx + c # MODE LINE = STRUCT( REAL m, c ); # returns the line that passes through p1 and p2 # PROC find line = ( POINT p1, p2 )LINE: IF x OF p1 = x OF p2 THEN # the line ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Find_the_intersection_of_a_line_with_a_plane
Find the intersection of a line with a plane
Finding the intersection of an infinite ray with a plane in 3D is an important topic in collision detection. Task Find the point of intersection for the infinite ray with direction   (0, -1, -1)   passing through position   (0, 0, 10)   with the infinite plane with a normal vector of   (0, 0, 1)   and which passes ...
#11l
11l
F intersection_point(ray_direction, ray_point, plane_normal, plane_point) R ray_point - ray_direction * dot(ray_point - plane_point, plane_normal) / dot(ray_direction, plane_normal)   print(‘The ray intersects the plane at ’intersection_point((0.0, -1.0, -1.0), (0.0, 0.0, 10.0), (0.0, 0.0, 1.0), (0.0, 0.0, 5.0)))
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/FizzBuzz
FizzBuzz
Task Write a program that prints the integers from   1   to   100   (inclusive). But:   for multiples of three,   print   Fizz     (instead of the number)   for multiples of five,   print   Buzz     (instead of the number)   for multiples of both three and five,   print   FizzBuzz     (instead of the number) ...
#8086_Assembly
8086 Assembly
  with: n   : num? \ n f -- ) if drop else . then ;   \ is m mod n 0? leave the result twice on the stack : div? \ m n -- f f mod 0 = dup ;   : fizz? \ n -- n f dup 3 div? if "Fizz" . then ;   : buzz? \ n f -- n f over 5 div? if "Buzz" . then or ;   \ print a message as appropriate for the given number: :...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Five_weekends
Five weekends
The month of October in 2010 has five Fridays, five Saturdays, and five Sundays. Task Write a program to show all months that have this same characteristic of five full weekends from the year 1900 through 2100 (Gregorian calendar). Show the number of months with this property (there should be 201). Show at leas...
#AutoIt
AutoIt
  #include <Date.au3> #include <Array.au3> $array = Five_weekends(1) _ArrayDisplay($array) $array = Five_weekends(2) _ArrayDisplay($array) $array = Five_weekends(3) _ArrayDisplay($array)   Func Five_weekends($ret = 1) If $ret < 1 Or $ret > 3 Then Return SetError(1, 0, 0) Local $avDateArray[1] Local $avYearArray[1] ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/First_perfect_square_in_base_n_with_n_unique_digits
First perfect square in base n with n unique digits
Find the first perfect square in a given base N that has at least N digits and exactly N significant unique digits when expressed in base N. E.G. In base 10, the first perfect square with at least 10 unique digits is 1026753849 (32043²). You may use analytical methods to reduce the search space, but the code must do ...
#F.23
F#
  // Nigel Galloway: May 21st., 2019 let fN g=let g=int64(sqrt(float(pown g (int(g-1L)))))+1L in (Seq.unfold(fun(n,g)->Some(n,(n+g,g+2L))))(g*g,g*2L+1L) let fG n g=Array.unfold(fun n->if n=0L then None else let n,g=System.Math.DivRem(n,g) in Some(g,n)) n let fL g=let n=set[0L..g-1L] in Seq.find(fun x->set(fG x g)=n) (f...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/First-class_functions
First-class functions
A language has first-class functions if it can do each of the following without recursively invoking a compiler or interpreter or otherwise metaprogramming: Create new functions from preexisting functions at run-time Store functions in collections Use functions as arguments to other functions Use functions as retu...
#Bracmat
Bracmat
( (sqrt=.!arg^1/2) & (log=.e\L!arg) & (A=x2d (=.!arg^2) log (=.!arg*pi)) & ( B = d2x sqrt (=.e^!arg) (=.!arg*pi^-1) ) & ( compose = f g .  !arg:(?f.?g) & '(.($f)$(($g)$!arg)) ) & whl ' ( !A:%?F ?A & !B:%?G ?B & out$((compose$(!F.!G))$3210) ) )
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/First-class_functions
First-class functions
A language has first-class functions if it can do each of the following without recursively invoking a compiler or interpreter or otherwise metaprogramming: Create new functions from preexisting functions at run-time Store functions in collections Use functions as arguments to other functions Use functions as retu...
#C
C
#include <stdlib.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <math.h>   /* declare a typedef for a function pointer */ typedef double (*Class2Func)(double);   /*A couple of functions with the above prototype */ double functionA( double v) { return v*v*v; } double functionB(double v) { return exp(log(v)/3); }   /* A function t...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Forest_fire
Forest fire
This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at Forest-fire model. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Rosetta Code, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU FDL. (See links for details on variance) Task Implement the Drossel and Schwabl definition of the fores...
#Forth
Forth
30 CONSTANT WIDTH 30 CONSTANT HEIGHT WIDTH HEIGHT * CONSTANT SIZE   1 VALUE SEED : (RAND) ( -- u) \ xorshift generator SEED DUP 13 LSHIFT XOR DUP 17 RSHIFT XOR DUP 5 LSHIFT XOR DUP TO SEED ; 10000 CONSTANT RANGE 100 CONSTANT GROW 1 CONSTANT BURN : RAND ( -- u) ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/First_class_environments
First class environments
According to Wikipedia, "In computing, a first-class object ... is an entity that can be constructed at run-time, passed as a parameter, returned from a subroutine, or assigned into a variable". Often this term is used in the context of "first class functions". In an analogous way, a programming language may support "...
#Lua
Lua
  local envs = { } for i = 1, 12 do -- fallback to the global environment for io and math envs[i] = setmetatable({ count = 0, n = i }, { __index = _G }) end   local code = [[ io.write(("% 4d"):format(n)) if n ~= 1 then count = count + 1 n = (n % 2 == 1) and 3 * n + 1 or math.floor(n / 2) end ]]   while ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/First_class_environments
First class environments
According to Wikipedia, "In computing, a first-class object ... is an entity that can be constructed at run-time, passed as a parameter, returned from a subroutine, or assigned into a variable". Often this term is used in the context of "first class functions". In an analogous way, a programming language may support "...
#Nim
Nim
import strformat   const Jobs = 12   type Environment = object sequence: int count: int   var env: array[Jobs, Environment] sequence, count: ptr int   #---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------   proc hail() = stdout.write fmt"{sequence[]: 4d}" if se...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Flatten_a_list
Flatten a list
Task Write a function to flatten the nesting in an arbitrary list of values. Your program should work on the equivalent of this list: [[1], 2, [[3, 4], 5], [[[]]], [[[6]]], 7, 8, []] Where the correct result would be the list: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8] Related task   Tree traversal
#Common_Lisp
Common Lisp
(defun flatten (structure) (cond ((null structure) nil) ((atom structure) (list structure)) (t (mapcan #'flatten structure))))
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Flipping_bits_game
Flipping bits game
The game Given an   N×N   square array of zeroes or ones in an initial configuration,   and a target configuration of zeroes and ones. The game is to transform one to the other in as few moves as possible by inverting whole numbered rows or whole lettered columns at once   (as one move). In an inversion.   any  1 ...
#MiniScript
MiniScript
// Flipping Bits game. // Transform a start grid to an end grid by flipping rows or columns.   size = 3   board = [] goal = [] for i in range(1,size) row = [] for j in range(1,size) row.push (rnd > 0.5) end for board.push row goal.push row[0:] end for   flipRow = function(n) for j in ran...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Flipping_bits_game
Flipping bits game
The game Given an   N×N   square array of zeroes or ones in an initial configuration,   and a target configuration of zeroes and ones. The game is to transform one to the other in as few moves as possible by inverting whole numbered rows or whole lettered columns at once   (as one move). In an inversion.   any  1 ...
#Nim
Nim
import random, strformat, strutils   type Bit = range[0..1] Board = array[3, array[3, Bit]]     #---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------   func flipRow(board: var Board; row: int) = for cell in board[row].mitems: cell = 1 - cell   #------------------...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/First_power_of_2_that_has_leading_decimal_digits_of_12
First power of 2 that has leading decimal digits of 12
(This task is taken from a   Project Euler   problem.) (All numbers herein are expressed in base ten.) 27   =   128   and   7   is the first power of   2   whose leading decimal digits are   12. The next power of   2   whose leading decimal digits are   12   is   80, 280   =   1208925819614629174706176. Define ...
#Mathematica.2FWolfram_Language
Mathematica/Wolfram Language
f = Compile[{{ll, _Integer}, {n, _Integer}}, Module[{l, digitcount, log10power, raised, found, firstdigits, pwr = 2}, l = Abs[ll]; digitcount = Floor[Log[10, l]]; log10power = Log[10, pwr]; raised = -1; found = 0; While[found < n, raised++; firstdigits = Floor[10^(FractionalPart[lo...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/First_power_of_2_that_has_leading_decimal_digits_of_12
First power of 2 that has leading decimal digits of 12
(This task is taken from a   Project Euler   problem.) (All numbers herein are expressed in base ten.) 27   =   128   and   7   is the first power of   2   whose leading decimal digits are   12. The next power of   2   whose leading decimal digits are   12   is   80, 280   =   1208925819614629174706176. Define ...
#Nim
Nim
import math, strformat   const Lfloat64 = pow(2.0, 64) Log10_2_64 = int(Lfloat64 * log10(2.0))   #---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------   func ordinal(n: int): string = case n of 1: "1st" of 2: "2nd" of 3: "3rd" else: $n & "th"   #-------------...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/First-class_functions/Use_numbers_analogously
First-class functions/Use numbers analogously
In First-class functions, a language is showing how its manipulation of functions is similar to its manipulation of other types. This tasks aim is to compare and contrast a language's implementation of first class functions, with its normal handling of numbers. Write a program to create an ordered collection of a m...
#Mathematica_.2F_Wolfram_Language
Mathematica / Wolfram Language
multiplier[n1_,n2_]:=n1 n2 #& num={2,4,2+4}; numi=1/num; multiplierfuncs = multiplier @@@ Transpose[{num, numi}];  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/First-class_functions/Use_numbers_analogously
First-class functions/Use numbers analogously
In First-class functions, a language is showing how its manipulation of functions is similar to its manipulation of other types. This tasks aim is to compare and contrast a language's implementation of first class functions, with its normal handling of numbers. Write a program to create an ordered collection of a m...
#Nemerle
Nemerle
using System; using System.Console; using Nemerle.Collections.NCollectionsExtensions;   module FirstClassNums { Main() : void { def x = 2.0; def xi = 0.5; def y = 4.0; def yi = 0.25; def z = x + y; def zi = 1.0 / (x + y); def multiplier = fun (a, b) {fun (c) {a * b * c}}; ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Flow-control_structures
Flow-control structures
Control Structures These are examples of control structures. You may also be interested in: Conditional structures Exceptions Flow-control structures Loops Task Document common flow-control structures. One common example of a flow-control structure is the   goto   construct. Note that   Conditional Struc...
#PARI.2FGP
PARI/GP
label jumpto; begin ... jumpto: some statement; ... goto jumpto; ... end;
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Flow-control_structures
Flow-control structures
Control Structures These are examples of control structures. You may also be interested in: Conditional structures Exceptions Flow-control structures Loops Task Document common flow-control structures. One common example of a flow-control structure is the   goto   construct. Note that   Conditional Struc...
#Pascal
Pascal
label jumpto; begin ... jumpto: some statement; ... goto jumpto; ... end;
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Floyd%27s_triangle
Floyd's triangle
Floyd's triangle   lists the natural numbers in a right triangle aligned to the left where the first row is   1     (unity) successive rows start towards the left with the next number followed by successive naturals listing one more number than the line above. The first few lines of a Floyd triangle looks like thi...
#D
D
import std.stdio, std.conv;   void floydTriangle(in uint n) { immutable lowerLeftCorner = n * (n - 1) / 2 + 1; foreach (r; 0 .. n) foreach (c; 0 .. r + 1) writef("%*d%c", text(lowerLeftCorner + c).length, r * (r + 1) / 2 + c + 1, c == ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Floyd-Warshall_algorithm
Floyd-Warshall algorithm
The Floyd–Warshall algorithm is an algorithm for finding shortest paths in a weighted graph with positive or negative edge weights. Task Find the lengths of the shortest paths between all pairs of vertices of the given directed graph. Your code may assume that the input has already been checked for loops, parallel ...
#Mercury
Mercury
:- module floyd_warshall_task.   :- interface. :- import_module io. :- pred main(io, io). :- mode main(di, uo) is det.   :- implementation. :- import_module float. :- import_module int. :- import_module list. :- import_module string. :- import_module version_array2d.   %%%-----------------------------------------------...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Function_definition
Function definition
A function is a body of code that returns a value. The value returned may depend on arguments provided to the function. Task Write a definition of a function called "multiply" that takes two arguments and returns their product. (Argument types should be chosen so as not to distract from showing how functions are ...
#Simula
Simula
BEGIN INTEGER PROCEDURE multiply(x, y); INTEGER x, y; BEGIN multiply := x * y END; Outint(multiply(7,8), 2); Outimage END
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Function_definition
Function definition
A function is a body of code that returns a value. The value returned may depend on arguments provided to the function. Task Write a definition of a function called "multiply" that takes two arguments and returns their product. (Argument types should be chosen so as not to distract from showing how functions are ...
#Slate
Slate
define: #multiply -> [| :a :b | a * b].
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Forward_difference
Forward difference
Task Provide code that produces a list of numbers which is the   nth  order forward difference, given a non-negative integer (specifying the order) and a list of numbers. The first-order forward difference of a list of numbers   A   is a new list   B,   where   Bn = An+1 - An. List   B   should have one fewer elem...
#Perl
Perl
sub dif { my @s = @_; map { $s[$_+1] - $s[$_] } 0 .. $#s-1 }   @a = qw<90 47 58 29 22 32 55 5 55 73>; while (@a) { printf('%6d', $_) for @a = dif @a; print "\n" }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Formatted_numeric_output
Formatted numeric output
Task Express a number in decimal as a fixed-length string with leading zeros. For example, the number   7.125   could be expressed as   00007.125.
#Scheme
Scheme
(load "srfi-54.scm") (load "srfi-54.scm") ;; Don't ask.   (define x 295643087.65432)   (dotimes (i 4) (print (cat x 25 3.0 #\0 (list #\, (- 4 i)))))  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Formatted_numeric_output
Formatted numeric output
Task Express a number in decimal as a fixed-length string with leading zeros. For example, the number   7.125   could be expressed as   00007.125.
#Seed7
Seed7
$ include "seed7_05.s7i"; include "float.s7i";   const proc: main is func local const float: r is 7.125; begin writeln( r digits 3 lpad 9); writeln(-r digits 3 lpad 9); writeln( r digits 3 lpad0 9); writeln(-r digits 3 lpad0 9); writeln( r digits 3); writeln(-r digits 3); end func;
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Four_bit_adder
Four bit adder
Task "Simulate" a four-bit adder. This design can be realized using four 1-bit full adders. Each of these 1-bit full adders can be built with two half adders and an   or   gate. ; Finally a half adder can be made using an   xor   gate and an   and   gate. The   xor   gate can be made using two   nots,   two   ands ...
#PL.2FI
PL/I
  /* 4-BIT ADDER */   TEST: PROCEDURE OPTIONS (MAIN); DECLARE CARRY_IN BIT (1) STATIC INITIAL ('0'B) ALIGNED; declare (m, n, sum)(4) bit(1) aligned; declare i fixed binary;   get edit (m, n) (b(1)); put edit (m, ' + ', n, ' = ') (4 b, a);   do i = 4 to 1 by -1; call full_adder ((carry_in), m(i),...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Fivenum
Fivenum
Many big data or scientific programs use boxplots to show distributions of data.   In addition, sometimes saving large arrays for boxplots can be impractical and use extreme amounts of RAM.   It can be useful to save large arrays as arrays with five numbers to save memory. For example, the   R   programming language i...
#Haskell
Haskell
import Data.List (sort)   fivenum :: [Double] -> [Double] fivenum [] = [] fivenum xs | l >= 5 = fmap ( (/ 2) . ( (+) . (!!) s . floor <*> (!!) s . ceiling ) . pred ) [1, q, succ l / 2, succ l - q, l] | otherwise = s where l ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Find_the_missing_permutation
Find the missing permutation
ABCD CABD ACDB DACB BCDA ACBD ADCB CDAB DABC BCAD CADB CDBA ...
#Action.21
Action!
PROC Main() DEFINE PTR="CARD" DEFINE COUNT="23" PTR ARRAY perm(COUNT) CHAR ARRAY s,missing=[4 0 0 0 0] BYTE i,j   perm(0)="ABCD" perm(1)="CABD" perm(2)="ACDB" perm(3)="DACB" perm(4)="BCDA" perm(5)="ACBD" perm(6)="ADCB" perm(7)="CDAB" perm(8)="DABC" perm(9)="BCAD" perm(10)="CADB" perm(11)="CDB...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Find_the_last_Sunday_of_each_month
Find the last Sunday of each month
Write a program or a script that returns the last Sundays of each month of a given year. The year may be given through any simple input method in your language (command line, std in, etc). Example of an expected output: ./last_sundays 2013 2013-01-27 2013-02-24 2013-03-31 2013-04-28 2013-05-26 2013-06-30 2013-07-28 2...
#AppleScript
AppleScript
-- LAST SUNDAYS OF YEAR ------------------------------------------------------   -- lastSundaysOfYear :: Int -> [Date] on lastSundaysOfYear(y)   -- lastWeekDaysOfYear :: Int -> Int -> [Date] script lastWeekDaysOfYear on |λ|(intYear, iWeekday)   -- lastWeekDay :: Int -> Int -> Date ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Find_the_intersection_of_two_lines
Find the intersection of two lines
[1] Task Find the point of intersection of two lines in 2D. The 1st line passes though   (4,0)   and   (6,10) . The 2nd line passes though   (0,3)   and   (10,7) .
#APL
APL
  ⍝ APL has a powerful operator the « dyadic domino » to solve a system of N linear equations with N unknowns ⍝ We use it first to solve the a and b, defining the 2 lines as y = ax + b, with the x and y of the given points ⍝ The system of equations for first line will be: ⍝ 0 = 4a + b ⍝ 10 = 6a + b ⍝ The two argument...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Find_the_intersection_of_two_lines
Find the intersection of two lines
[1] Task Find the point of intersection of two lines in 2D. The 1st line passes though   (4,0)   and   (6,10) . The 2nd line passes though   (0,3)   and   (10,7) .
#Arturo
Arturo
define :point [x,y][] define :line [a, b][ init: [ this\slope: div this\b\y-this\a\y this\b\x-this\a\x this\yInt: this\a\y - this\slope*this\a\x ] ]   evalX: function [line, x][ line\yInt + line\slope * x ]   intersect: function [line1, line2][ x: div line2\yInt-line1\yInt line1\slope-li...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Find_the_intersection_of_a_line_with_a_plane
Find the intersection of a line with a plane
Finding the intersection of an infinite ray with a plane in 3D is an important topic in collision detection. Task Find the point of intersection for the infinite ray with direction   (0, -1, -1)   passing through position   (0, 0, 10)   with the infinite plane with a normal vector of   (0, 0, 1)   and which passes ...
#Action.21
Action!
INCLUDE "D2:REAL.ACT" ;from the Action! Tool Kit   DEFINE REALPTR="CARD" TYPE VectorR=[REALPTR x,y,z]   PROC PrintVector(VectorR POINTER v) Print("(") PrintR(v.x) Print(",") PrintR(v.y) Print(",") PrintR(v.z) Print(")") RETURN   PROC Vector(REAL POINTER vx,vy,vz VectorR POINTER v) v.x=vx v.y=vy v.z=vz RETURN ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Find_the_intersection_of_a_line_with_a_plane
Find the intersection of a line with a plane
Finding the intersection of an infinite ray with a plane in 3D is an important topic in collision detection. Task Find the point of intersection for the infinite ray with direction   (0, -1, -1)   passing through position   (0, 0, 10)   with the infinite plane with a normal vector of   (0, 0, 1)   and which passes ...
#Ada
Ada
with Ada.Numerics.Generic_Real_Arrays; with Ada.Text_IO;   procedure Intersection is   type Real is new Long_Float;   package Real_Arrays is new Ada.Numerics.Generic_Real_Arrays (Real => Real); use Real_Arrays;   package Real_IO is new Ada.Text_IO.Float_IO (Num => Real);   subtype Vector_3D i...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/FizzBuzz
FizzBuzz
Task Write a program that prints the integers from   1   to   100   (inclusive). But:   for multiples of three,   print   Fizz     (instead of the number)   for multiples of five,   print   Buzz     (instead of the number)   for multiples of both three and five,   print   FizzBuzz     (instead of the number) ...
#8th
8th
  with: n   : num? \ n f -- ) if drop else . then ;   \ is m mod n 0? leave the result twice on the stack : div? \ m n -- f f mod 0 = dup ;   : fizz? \ n -- n f dup 3 div? if "Fizz" . then ;   : buzz? \ n f -- n f over 5 div? if "Buzz" . then or ;   \ print a message as appropriate for the given number: :...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Five_weekends
Five weekends
The month of October in 2010 has five Fridays, five Saturdays, and five Sundays. Task Write a program to show all months that have this same characteristic of five full weekends from the year 1900 through 2100 (Gregorian calendar). Show the number of months with this property (there should be 201). Show at leas...
#AWK
AWK
  # usage: awk -f 5weekends.awk cal.txt   # Filter a file of month-calendars, such as # ... ## January 1901 ## Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su ## 1 2 3 4 5 6 ## 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 ## 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 ## 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 ## 28 29 30 31 # ... ## March 1901 ## Mo Tu We Th Fr S...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/First_perfect_square_in_base_n_with_n_unique_digits
First perfect square in base n with n unique digits
Find the first perfect square in a given base N that has at least N digits and exactly N significant unique digits when expressed in base N. E.G. In base 10, the first perfect square with at least 10 unique digits is 1026753849 (32043²). You may use analytical methods to reduce the search space, but the code must do ...
#Factor
Factor
USING: assocs formatting fry kernel math math.functions math.parser math.ranges math.statistics sequences ; IN: rosetta-code.A260182   : pandigital? ( n base -- ? ) [ >base histogram assoc-size ] keep >= ;   ! Return the smallest decimal integer square root whose squared ! digit length in base n is at least n. : se...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/First_perfect_square_in_base_n_with_n_unique_digits
First perfect square in base n with n unique digits
Find the first perfect square in a given base N that has at least N digits and exactly N significant unique digits when expressed in base N. E.G. In base 10, the first perfect square with at least 10 unique digits is 1026753849 (32043²). You may use analytical methods to reduce the search space, but the code must do ...
#Forth
Forth
  #! /usr/bin/gforth-fast   : 2^ 1 swap lshift ;   : sq s" dup *" evaluate ; immediate   : min-root ( -- n ) \ minimum root that can be pandigitial base @ s>f fdup 1e f- 0.5e f* f** f>s ;   : pandigital? ( n -- f ) 0 swap \ bitmask begin base @ /mod >r 2^ or r> dup 0= until drop ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/First-class_functions
First-class functions
A language has first-class functions if it can do each of the following without recursively invoking a compiler or interpreter or otherwise metaprogramming: Create new functions from preexisting functions at run-time Store functions in collections Use functions as arguments to other functions Use functions as retu...
#C.23
C#
using System;   class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { var cube = new Func<double, double>(x => Math.Pow(x, 3.0)); var croot = new Func<double, double>(x => Math.Pow(x, 1 / 3.0));   var functionTuples = new[] { (forward: Math.Sin, backward: Math.Asin), ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Forest_fire
Forest fire
This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at Forest-fire model. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Rosetta Code, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU FDL. (See links for details on variance) Task Implement the Drossel and Schwabl definition of the fores...
#Fortran
Fortran
module ForestFireModel implicit none   type :: forestfire integer, dimension(:,:,:), allocatable :: field integer :: width, height integer :: swapu real :: prob_tree, prob_f, prob_p end type forestfire   integer, parameter :: & empty = 0, & tree = 1, & burning = 2   pr...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/First_class_environments
First class environments
According to Wikipedia, "In computing, a first-class object ... is an entity that can be constructed at run-time, passed as a parameter, returned from a subroutine, or assigned into a variable". Often this term is used in the context of "first class functions". In an analogous way, a programming language may support "...
#Order
Order
#include <order/interpreter.h>   #define ORDER_PP_DEF_8hail ORDER_PP_FN( \ 8fn(8N, 8cond((8equal(8N, 1), 1) \ (8is_0(8remainder(8N, 2)), 8quotient(8N, 2)) \ (8else, 8inc(8times(8N, 3))))) )   #define ORDER_PP_DEF_8h_loop ORDER_PP_FN( \ 8...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/First_class_environments
First class environments
According to Wikipedia, "In computing, a first-class object ... is an entity that can be constructed at run-time, passed as a parameter, returned from a subroutine, or assigned into a variable". Often this term is used in the context of "first class functions". In an analogous way, a programming language may support "...
#Perl
Perl
  use strict; use warnings;   use Safe;   sub hail_next { my $n = shift; return 1 if $n == 1; return $n * 3 + 1 if $n % 2; $n / 2; };   my @enviornments; for my $initial ( 1..12 ) { my $env = Safe->new; ${ $env->varglob('value') } = $initial; ${ $env->varglob('count') } = 0; $env->share('&ha...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Flatten_a_list
Flatten a list
Task Write a function to flatten the nesting in an arbitrary list of values. Your program should work on the equivalent of this list: [[1], 2, [[3, 4], 5], [[[]]], [[[6]]], 7, 8, []] Where the correct result would be the list: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8] Related task   Tree traversal
#Crystal
Crystal
  [[1], 2, [[3, 4], 5], [[[] of Int32]], [[[6]]], 7, 8, [] of Int32].flatten()  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Flipping_bits_game
Flipping bits game
The game Given an   N×N   square array of zeroes or ones in an initial configuration,   and a target configuration of zeroes and ones. The game is to transform one to the other in as few moves as possible by inverting whole numbered rows or whole lettered columns at once   (as one move). In an inversion.   any  1 ...
#OCaml
OCaml
module FlipGame = struct type t = bool array array   let make side = Array.make_matrix side side false   let flipcol b n = for i = 0 to (Array.length b - 1) do b.(n).(i) <- not b.(n).(i) done   let fliprow b n = for i = 0 to (Array.length b - 1) do b.(i).(n) <- not b.(i).(n) done   ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/First_power_of_2_that_has_leading_decimal_digits_of_12
First power of 2 that has leading decimal digits of 12
(This task is taken from a   Project Euler   problem.) (All numbers herein are expressed in base ten.) 27   =   128   and   7   is the first power of   2   whose leading decimal digits are   12. The next power of   2   whose leading decimal digits are   12   is   80, 280   =   1208925819614629174706176. Define ...
#Pascal
Pascal
program Power2FirstDigits;   uses sysutils, strUtils;   const {$IFDEF FPC} {$MODE DELPHI}   ld10 :double = ln(2)/ln(10);// thats 1/log2(10) {$ELSE} ld10 = 0.30102999566398119521373889472449;   function Numb2USA(const S: string): string; var i, NA: Integer; begin i := Length(S); Result := S; NA := 0; ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/First-class_functions/Use_numbers_analogously
First-class functions/Use numbers analogously
In First-class functions, a language is showing how its manipulation of functions is similar to its manipulation of other types. This tasks aim is to compare and contrast a language's implementation of first class functions, with its normal handling of numbers. Write a program to create an ordered collection of a m...
#Never
Never
  func multiplier(a : float, b : float) -> (float) -> float { let func(m : float) -> float { a * b * m } }   func main() -> int { var x = 2.0; var xi = 0.5; var y = 4.0; var yi = 0.25; var z = x + y; var zi = 1.0 / z;   var f = [ x, y, z ] : float; var i = [ xi, yi, zi ] : float; ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/First-class_functions/Use_numbers_analogously
First-class functions/Use numbers analogously
In First-class functions, a language is showing how its manipulation of functions is similar to its manipulation of other types. This tasks aim is to compare and contrast a language's implementation of first class functions, with its normal handling of numbers. Write a program to create an ordered collection of a m...
#Nim
Nim
  func multiplier(a, b: float): auto = let ab = a * b result = func(c: float): float = ab * c   let x = 2.0 xi = 0.5 y = 4.0 yi = 0.25 z = x + y zi = 1.0 / ( x + y )   let list = [x, y, z] let invlist = [xi, yi, zi]   for i in 0..list.high: # Create a multiplier function... let f = multiplier(list...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Flow-control_structures
Flow-control structures
Control Structures These are examples of control structures. You may also be interested in: Conditional structures Exceptions Flow-control structures Loops Task Document common flow-control structures. One common example of a flow-control structure is the   goto   construct. Note that   Conditional Struc...
#Perl
Perl
FORK: # some code goto FORK;
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Flow-control_structures
Flow-control structures
Control Structures These are examples of control structures. You may also be interested in: Conditional structures Exceptions Flow-control structures Loops Task Document common flow-control structures. One common example of a flow-control structure is the   goto   construct. Note that   Conditional Struc...
#Phix
Phix
without js -- (no goto in JavaScript) procedure p() goto :but_print puts(1,"This will not be printed...\n") ::but_print puts(1,"...but this will\n") end procedure p()
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Floyd%27s_triangle
Floyd's triangle
Floyd's triangle   lists the natural numbers in a right triangle aligned to the left where the first row is   1     (unity) successive rows start towards the left with the next number followed by successive naturals listing one more number than the line above. The first few lines of a Floyd triangle looks like thi...
#Elixir
Elixir
defmodule Floyd do def triangle(n) do max = trunc(n * (n + 1) / 2) widths = for m <- (max - n + 1)..max, do: (m |> Integer.to_string |> String.length) + 1 format = Enum.map(widths, fn wide -> "~#{wide}w" end) |> List.to_tuple line(n, 0, 1, format) end   def line(n, n, _, _), do: :ok def line(n, ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Floyd%27s_triangle
Floyd's triangle
Floyd's triangle   lists the natural numbers in a right triangle aligned to the left where the first row is   1     (unity) successive rows start towards the left with the next number followed by successive naturals listing one more number than the line above. The first few lines of a Floyd triangle looks like thi...
#Erlang
Erlang
  -module( floyds_triangle ).   -export( [integers/1, print/1, strings/1, task/0] ).   integers( N ) -> lists:reverse( integers_reversed(N) ).   print( N ) -> [io:fwrite("~s~n", [lists:flatten(X)]) || X <- strings(N)].   strings( N ) -> Strings_reversed = [strings_from_integers(X) || X <- integ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Floyd-Warshall_algorithm
Floyd-Warshall algorithm
The Floyd–Warshall algorithm is an algorithm for finding shortest paths in a weighted graph with positive or negative edge weights. Task Find the lengths of the shortest paths between all pairs of vertices of the given directed graph. Your code may assume that the input has already been checked for loops, parallel ...
#Modula-2
Modula-2
MODULE FloydWarshall; FROM FormatString IMPORT FormatString; FROM SpecialReals IMPORT Infinity; FROM Terminal IMPORT ReadChar,WriteString,WriteLn;   CONST NUM_VERTICIES = 4; TYPE IntArray = ARRAY[0..NUM_VERTICIES-1],[0..NUM_VERTICIES-1] OF INTEGER; RealArray = ARRAY[0..NUM_VERTICIES-1],[0..NUM_VERTICIES-1] OF R...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Function_definition
Function definition
A function is a body of code that returns a value. The value returned may depend on arguments provided to the function. Task Write a definition of a function called "multiply" that takes two arguments and returns their product. (Argument types should be chosen so as not to distract from showing how functions are ...
#Smalltalk
Smalltalk
|mul| mul := [ :a :b | a * b ].
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Function_definition
Function definition
A function is a body of code that returns a value. The value returned may depend on arguments provided to the function. Task Write a definition of a function called "multiply" that takes two arguments and returns their product. (Argument types should be chosen so as not to distract from showing how functions are ...
#SNOBOL4
SNOBOL4
define('multiply(a,b)') :(mul_end) multiply multiply = a * b  :(return) mul_end * Test output = multiply(10.1,12.2) output = multiply(10,12) end
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Forward_difference
Forward difference
Task Provide code that produces a list of numbers which is the   nth  order forward difference, given a non-negative integer (specifying the order) and a list of numbers. The first-order forward difference of a list of numbers   A   is a new list   B,   where   Bn = An+1 - An. List   B   should have one fewer elem...
#Phix
Phix
with javascript_semantics function fwd_diff_n(sequence s, integer order) assert(order<length(s)) s = deep_copy(s) for i=1 to order do for j=1 to length(s)-1 do s[j] = s[j+1]-s[j] end for s = s[1..-2] end for return s end function constant s = {90, 47, 58, 29, 22...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Formatted_numeric_output
Formatted numeric output
Task Express a number in decimal as a fixed-length string with leading zeros. For example, the number   7.125   could be expressed as   00007.125.
#Sidef
Sidef
printf("%09.3f\n", 7.125);
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Formatted_numeric_output
Formatted numeric output
Task Express a number in decimal as a fixed-length string with leading zeros. For example, the number   7.125   could be expressed as   00007.125.
#Smalltalk
Smalltalk
Transcript show: (7.125 printPaddedWith: $0 to: 3.6); cr. "output: 007.125000"
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Four_bit_adder
Four bit adder
Task "Simulate" a four-bit adder. This design can be realized using four 1-bit full adders. Each of these 1-bit full adders can be built with two half adders and an   or   gate. ; Finally a half adder can be made using an   xor   gate and an   and   gate. The   xor   gate can be made using two   nots,   two   ands ...
#PowerShell
PowerShell
function bxor2 ( [byte] $a, [byte] $b ) { $out1 = $a -band ( -bnot $b ) $out2 = ( -bnot $a ) -band $b $out1 -bor $out2 }   function hadder ( [byte] $a, [byte] $b ) { @{ "S"=bxor2 $a $b "C"=$a -band $b } }   function fadder ( [byte] $a, [byte] $b, [byte] $cd ) { $out1 = hadder $cd...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Fivenum
Fivenum
Many big data or scientific programs use boxplots to show distributions of data.   In addition, sometimes saving large arrays for boxplots can be impractical and use extreme amounts of RAM.   It can be useful to save large arrays as arrays with five numbers to save memory. For example, the   R   programming language i...
#J
J
midpts=: (1 + #) <:@(] , -:@[ , -) -:@<.@-:@(3 + #) NB. mid points of y quartiles=: -:@(+/)@((<. ,: >.)@midpts { /:~@]) NB. quartiles of y fivenum=: <./ , quartiles , >./ NB. fivenum summary of y
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Fivenum
Fivenum
Many big data or scientific programs use boxplots to show distributions of data.   In addition, sometimes saving large arrays for boxplots can be impractical and use extreme amounts of RAM.   It can be useful to save large arrays as arrays with five numbers to save memory. For example, the   R   programming language i...
#Java
Java
import java.util.Arrays;   public class Fivenum {   static double median(double[] x, int start, int endInclusive) { int size = endInclusive - start + 1; if (size <= 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Array slice cannot be empty"); int m = start + size / 2; return (size % 2 == 1) ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Find_the_missing_permutation
Find the missing permutation
ABCD CABD ACDB DACB BCDA ACBD ADCB CDAB DABC BCAD CADB CDBA ...
#Ada
Ada
with Ada.Text_IO; procedure Missing_Permutations is subtype Permutation_Character is Character range 'A' .. 'D';   Character_Count : constant := 1 + Permutation_Character'Pos (Permutation_Character'Last) - Permutation_Character'Pos (Permutation_Character'First);   type Permutation_String is ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Find_the_last_Sunday_of_each_month
Find the last Sunday of each month
Write a program or a script that returns the last Sundays of each month of a given year. The year may be given through any simple input method in your language (command line, std in, etc). Example of an expected output: ./last_sundays 2013 2013-01-27 2013-02-24 2013-03-31 2013-04-28 2013-05-26 2013-06-30 2013-07-28 2...
#Arturo
Arturo
lastSundayForMonth: function [m,y][ ensure -> in? m 1..12   daysOfMonth: @[0 31 (leap? y)? -> 28 -> 27 31 30 31 30 31 31 30 31 30 31] loop range get daysOfMonth m 1 [d][ dt: to :date.format:"yyyy-M-dd" ~"|y|-|m|-|d|" if dt\Day = "Sunday" -> return dt ] ]   getLastSundays: function [year]...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Find_the_intersection_of_two_lines
Find the intersection of two lines
[1] Task Find the point of intersection of two lines in 2D. The 1st line passes though   (4,0)   and   (6,10) . The 2nd line passes though   (0,3)   and   (10,7) .
#AutoHotkey
AutoHotkey
LineIntersectionByPoints(L1, L2){ x1 := L1[1,1], y1 := L1[1,2] x2 := L1[2,1], y2 := L1[2,2] x3 := L2[1,1], y3 := L2[1,2] x4 := L2[2,1], y4 := L2[2,2] return ((x1*y2-y1*x2)*(x3-x4) - (x1-x2)*(x3*y4-y3*x4)) / ((x1-x2)*(y3-y4) - (y1-y2)*(x3-x4)) ", " . ((x1*y2-y1*x2)*(y3-y4) - (y1-y2)*(x3*y4-y3*x4)) / ((x1-x2)*...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Find_the_intersection_of_a_line_with_a_plane
Find the intersection of a line with a plane
Finding the intersection of an infinite ray with a plane in 3D is an important topic in collision detection. Task Find the point of intersection for the infinite ray with direction   (0, -1, -1)   passing through position   (0, 0, 10)   with the infinite plane with a normal vector of   (0, 0, 1)   and which passes ...
#APL
APL
⍝ Find the intersection of a line with a plane ⍝ The intersection I belongs to a line defined by point L and vector V, translates to: ⍝ A real parameter t exists, that satisfies I = L + tV ⍝ I belongs to the plan defined by point P and normal vector N. This means that any two points of the plane make a vector ⍝ norm...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/FizzBuzz
FizzBuzz
Task Write a program that prints the integers from   1   to   100   (inclusive). But:   for multiples of three,   print   Fizz     (instead of the number)   for multiples of five,   print   Buzz     (instead of the number)   for multiples of both three and five,   print   FizzBuzz     (instead of the number) ...
#AArch64_Assembly
AArch64 Assembly
  /* ARM assembly AARCH64 Raspberry PI 3B */ /* program FizzBuzz64.s */   /*******************************************/ /* Constantes file */ /*******************************************/ /* for this file see task include a file in language AArch64 assembly*/ .include "../includeConstantesARM...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Five_weekends
Five weekends
The month of October in 2010 has five Fridays, five Saturdays, and five Sundays. Task Write a program to show all months that have this same characteristic of five full weekends from the year 1900 through 2100 (Gregorian calendar). Show the number of months with this property (there should be 201). Show at leas...
#BBC_BASIC
BBC BASIC
INSTALL @lib$+"DATELIB" DIM Month$(12) Month$() = "","January","February","March","April","May","June", \ \ "July","August","September","October","November","December"   num% = 0 FOR year% = 1900 TO 2100 PRINT ; year% ": " ; oldnum% = num% FOR month% = 1 TO ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/First_perfect_square_in_base_n_with_n_unique_digits
First perfect square in base n with n unique digits
Find the first perfect square in a given base N that has at least N digits and exactly N significant unique digits when expressed in base N. E.G. In base 10, the first perfect square with at least 10 unique digits is 1026753849 (32043²). You may use analytical methods to reduce the search space, but the code must do ...
#Go
Go
package main   import ( "fmt" "math/big" "strconv" "time" )   const maxBase = 27 const minSq36 = "1023456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz" const minSq36x = "10123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"   var bigZero = new(big.Int) var bigOne = new(big.Int).SetUint64(1)   func containsAll(sq string, base int) boo...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/First-class_functions
First-class functions
A language has first-class functions if it can do each of the following without recursively invoking a compiler or interpreter or otherwise metaprogramming: Create new functions from preexisting functions at run-time Store functions in collections Use functions as arguments to other functions Use functions as retu...
#C.2B.2B
C++
  #include <functional> #include <algorithm> #include <iostream> #include <vector> #include <cmath>   using std::cout; using std::endl; using std::vector; using std::function; using std::transform; using std::back_inserter;   typedef function<double(double)> FunType;   vector<FunType> A = {sin, cos, tan, [](double x) {...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Forest_fire
Forest fire
This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at Forest-fire model. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Rosetta Code, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU FDL. (See links for details on variance) Task Implement the Drossel and Schwabl definition of the fores...
#Go
Go
package main   import ( "fmt" "math/rand" "strings" )   const ( rows = 20 cols = 30 p = .01 f = .001 )   const rx = rows + 2 const cx = cols + 2   func main() { odd := make([]byte, rx*cx) even := make([]byte, rx*cx) for r := 1; r <= rows; r++ { for c := 1; c <= cols...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/First_class_environments
First class environments
According to Wikipedia, "In computing, a first-class object ... is an entity that can be constructed at run-time, passed as a parameter, returned from a subroutine, or assigned into a variable". Often this term is used in the context of "first class functions". In an analogous way, a programming language may support "...
#Phix
Phix
with javascript_semantics function hail(integer n) if remainder(n,2)=0 then n /= 2 else n = 3*n+1 end if return n end function sequence hails = tagset(12), counts = repeat(0,12), results = columnize({hails}) function step(integer edx) integer n = hails[edx] ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Flatten_a_list
Flatten a list
Task Write a function to flatten the nesting in an arbitrary list of values. Your program should work on the equivalent of this list: [[1], 2, [[3, 4], 5], [[[]]], [[[6]]], 7, 8, []] Where the correct result would be the list: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8] Related task   Tree traversal
#D
D
import std.stdio, std.algorithm, std.conv, std.range;   struct TreeList(T) { union { // A tagged union TreeList[] arr; // it's a node T data; // It's a leaf. } bool isArray = true; // = Contains an arr on default.   static TreeList opCall(A...)(A items) pure nothrow { TreeList re...