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http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Quaternion_type
Quaternion type
Quaternions   are an extension of the idea of   complex numbers. A complex number has a real and complex part,   sometimes written as   a + bi, where   a   and   b   stand for real numbers, and   i   stands for the square root of minus 1. An example of a complex number might be   -3 + 2i,   wher...
#Fortran
Fortran
module Q_mod implicit none   type quaternion real :: a, b, c, d end type   public :: norm, neg, conj public :: operator (+) public :: operator (*)   private :: q_plus_q, q_plus_r, r_plus_q, & q_mult_q, q_mult_r, r_mult_q, & norm_q, neg_q, conj_q   interface norm modu...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Quine
Quine
A quine is a self-referential program that can, without any external access, output its own source. A   quine   (named after Willard Van Orman Quine)   is also known as:   self-reproducing automata   (1972)   self-replicating program         or   self-replicating computer program   self-reproducing program      ...
#C1R
C1R
Quine
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Queue/Usage
Queue/Usage
Data Structure This illustrates a data structure, a means of storing data within a program. You may see other such structures in the Data Structures category. Illustration of FIFO behavior Task Create a queue data structure and demonstrate its operations. (For implementations of queues, see the FIFO task.) Ope...
#Oz
Oz
declare [Queue] = {Link ['x-oz://system/adt/Queue.ozf']} MyQueue = {Queue.new} in {MyQueue.isEmpty} = true {MyQueue.put foo} {MyQueue.put bar} {MyQueue.put baz} {MyQueue.isEmpty} = false {Show {MyQueue.get}} %% foo {Show {MyQueue.get}} %% bar {Show {MyQueue.get}} %% baz
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Queue/Usage
Queue/Usage
Data Structure This illustrates a data structure, a means of storing data within a program. You may see other such structures in the Data Structures category. Illustration of FIFO behavior Task Create a queue data structure and demonstrate its operations. (For implementations of queues, see the FIFO task.) Ope...
#Perl
Perl
@queue = (); # we will simulate a queue in a array   push @queue, (1..5); # enqueue numbers from 1 to 5   print shift @queue,"\n"; # dequeue   print "array is empty\n" unless @queue; # is empty ?   print $n while($n = shift @queue); # dequeue all print "\n"; print "array is empty\n" unless @queue; # is empty ?
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Quickselect_algorithm
Quickselect algorithm
Sorting Algorithm This is a sorting algorithm.   It may be applied to a set of data in order to sort it.     For comparing various sorts, see compare sorts.   For other sorting algorithms,   see sorting algorithms,   or: O(n logn) sorts Heap sort | Merge sort | Patience sort | Quick sort O(n log2n) sorts Shell Sort ...
#OCaml
OCaml
let rec quickselect k = function [] -> failwith "empty" | x :: xs -> let ys, zs = List.partition ((>) x) xs in let l = List.length ys in if k < l then quickselect k ys else if k > l then quickselect (k-l-1) zs else ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Quickselect_algorithm
Quickselect algorithm
Sorting Algorithm This is a sorting algorithm.   It may be applied to a set of data in order to sort it.     For comparing various sorts, see compare sorts.   For other sorting algorithms,   see sorting algorithms,   or: O(n logn) sorts Heap sort | Merge sort | Patience sort | Quick sort O(n log2n) sorts Shell Sort ...
#PARI.2FGP
PARI/GP
part(list, left, right, pivotIndex)={ my(pivotValue=list[pivotIndex],storeIndex=left,t); t=list[pivotIndex]; list[pivotIndex]=list[right]; list[right]=t; for(i=left,right-1, if(list[i] <= pivotValue, t=list[storeIndex]; list[storeIndex]=list[i]; list[i]=t; storeIndex++ ) ); ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Range_extraction
Range extraction
A format for expressing an ordered list of integers is to use a comma separated list of either individual integers Or a range of integers denoted by the starting integer separated from the end integer in the range by a dash, '-'. (The range includes all integers in the interval including both endpoints) The range s...
#Java
Java
public class RangeExtraction {   public static void main(String[] args) { int[] arr = {0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39};   int len = arr.length; int idx = 0, idx2 =...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Random_numbers
Random numbers
Task Generate a collection filled with   1000   normally distributed random (or pseudo-random) numbers with a mean of   1.0   and a   standard deviation   of   0.5 Many libraries only generate uniformly distributed random numbers. If so, you may use one of these algorithms. Related task   Standard deviation
#NewLISP
NewLISP
(normal 1 .5 1000)
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Random_numbers
Random numbers
Task Generate a collection filled with   1000   normally distributed random (or pseudo-random) numbers with a mean of   1.0   and a   standard deviation   of   0.5 Many libraries only generate uniformly distributed random numbers. If so, you may use one of these algorithms. Related task   Standard deviation
#Nim
Nim
import random, stats, strformat   var rs: RunningStat   randomize()   for _ in 1..5: for _ in 1..1000: rs.push gauss(1.0, 0.5) echo &"mean: {rs.mean:.5f} stdDev: {rs.standardDeviation:.5f}"  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Read_a_configuration_file
Read a configuration file
The task is to read a configuration file in standard configuration file format, and set variables accordingly. For this task, we have a configuration file as follows: # This is a configuration file in standard configuration file format # # Lines beginning with a hash or a semicolon are ignored by the application # pr...
#Phix
Phix
integer fn = open("RCTEST.INI","r") sequence lines = get_text(fn,GT_LF_STRIPPED) close(fn) constant dini = new_dict() for i=1 to length(lines) do string li = trim(lines[i]) if length(li) and not find(li[1],"#;") then integer k = find(' ',li) if k!=0 then string rest = li[k+1..$] ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Range_expansion
Range expansion
A format for expressing an ordered list of integers is to use a comma separated list of either individual integers Or a range of integers denoted by the starting integer separated from the end integer in the range by a dash, '-'. (The range includes all integers in the interval including both endpoints) The range s...
#MiniScript
MiniScript
pullInt = function(chars) numstr = chars.pull while chars and chars[0] != "," and chars[0] != "-" numstr = numstr + chars.pull end while return val(numstr) end function   expandRange = function(s) result = [] chars = s.split("") while chars num = pullInt(chars) if not...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Range_expansion
Range expansion
A format for expressing an ordered list of integers is to use a comma separated list of either individual integers Or a range of integers denoted by the starting integer separated from the end integer in the range by a dash, '-'. (The range includes all integers in the interval including both endpoints) The range s...
#MUMPS
MUMPS
RANGEXP(X) ;Integer range expansion NEW Y,I,J,X1,H SET Y="" FOR I=1:1:$LENGTH(X,",") DO .S X1=$PIECE(X,",",I) FOR Q:$EXTRACT(X1)'=" " S X1=$EXTRACT(X1,2,$LENGTH(X1)) ;clean up leading spaces .SET H=$FIND(X1,"-")-1 .IF H=1 SET H=$FIND(X1,"-",(H+1))-1 ;If the first value is negative ignore that "-" .IF H<0 SET Y=...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Read_a_file_line_by_line
Read a file line by line
Read a file one line at a time, as opposed to reading the entire file at once. Related tasks Read a file character by character Input loop.
#NetRexx
NetRexx
/* NetRexx */ options replace format comments java crossref symbols nobinary   parse arg inFileName .   if inFileName = '' | inFileName = '.' then inFileName = './data/dwarfs.json' lines = scanFile(inFileName) loop l_ = 1 to lines[0] say l_.right(4)':' lines[l_] end l_   return   -- Read a file and return contents ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Read_a_file_line_by_line
Read a file line by line
Read a file one line at a time, as opposed to reading the entire file at once. Related tasks Read a file character by character Input loop.
#NewLISP
NewLISP
  (set 'in-file (open "filename" "read")) (while (read-line in-file) (write-line)) (close in-file)
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Reverse_a_string
Reverse a string
Task Take a string and reverse it. For example, "asdf" becomes "fdsa". Extra credit Preserve Unicode combining characters. For example, "as⃝df̅" becomes "f̅ds⃝a", not "̅fd⃝sa". Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string  (assignment) Counting ...
#RapidQ
RapidQ
  print reverse$("This is a test")  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Queue/Definition
Queue/Definition
Data Structure This illustrates a data structure, a means of storing data within a program. You may see other such structures in the Data Structures category. Illustration of FIFO behavior Task Implement a FIFO queue. Elements are added at one side and popped from the other in the order of insertion. Operation...
#EchoLisp
EchoLisp
  ;; put info string in permanent storage for later use (info 'make-Q "usage: (define q (make-Q)) ; (q '[top | empty? | pop | push value | to-list | from-list list])")   ;; make-Q (define (make-Q) (let ((q (make-vector 0))) (lambda (message . args) (case message ((empty?) (vector-empty? q)) ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Quaternion_type
Quaternion type
Quaternions   are an extension of the idea of   complex numbers. A complex number has a real and complex part,   sometimes written as   a + bi, where   a   and   b   stand for real numbers, and   i   stands for the square root of minus 1. An example of a complex number might be   -3 + 2i,   wher...
#FreeBASIC
FreeBASIC
  Dim Shared As Integer q(3) = {1, 2, 3, 4} Dim Shared As Integer q1(3) = {2, 3, 4, 5} Dim Shared As Integer q2(3) = {3, 4, 5, 6} Dim Shared As Integer i, r = 7, t(3)   Function q_norm(q() As Integer) As Double ' medida o valor absoluto de un cuaternión Dim As Double a = 0 For i = 0 To 3 a += q(i)...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Quine
Quine
A quine is a self-referential program that can, without any external access, output its own source. A   quine   (named after Willard Van Orman Quine)   is also known as:   self-reproducing automata   (1972)   self-replicating program         or   self-replicating computer program   self-reproducing program      ...
#Ceylon
Ceylon
shared void run() {print(let (x = """shared void run() {print(let (x = $) x.replaceFirst("$", "\"\"\"" + x + "\"\"\""));}""") x.replaceFirst("$", "\"\"\"" + x + "\"\"\""));}
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Queue/Usage
Queue/Usage
Data Structure This illustrates a data structure, a means of storing data within a program. You may see other such structures in the Data Structures category. Illustration of FIFO behavior Task Create a queue data structure and demonstrate its operations. (For implementations of queues, see the FIFO task.) Ope...
#Phix
Phix
with javascript_semantics printf(1,"empty:%t\n",empty()) -- true push_item(5) printf(1,"empty:%t\n",empty()) -- false push_item(6) printf(1,"pop_item:%v\n",pop_item()) -- 5 printf(1,"pop_item:%v\n",pop_item()) -- 6 printf(1,"empty:%t\n",empty()) -- true
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Queue/Usage
Queue/Usage
Data Structure This illustrates a data structure, a means of storing data within a program. You may see other such structures in the Data Structures category. Illustration of FIFO behavior Task Create a queue data structure and demonstrate its operations. (For implementations of queues, see the FIFO task.) Ope...
#PHP
PHP
<?php $queue = new SplQueue; echo $queue->isEmpty() ? 'true' : 'false', "\n"; // empty test - returns true // $queue->dequeue(); // would raise RuntimeException $queue->enqueue(1); $queue->enqueue(2); $queue->enqueue(3); echo $queue->dequeue(), "\n"; // returns 1 echo $q...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Quickselect_algorithm
Quickselect algorithm
Sorting Algorithm This is a sorting algorithm.   It may be applied to a set of data in order to sort it.     For comparing various sorts, see compare sorts.   For other sorting algorithms,   see sorting algorithms,   or: O(n logn) sorts Heap sort | Merge sort | Patience sort | Quick sort O(n log2n) sorts Shell Sort ...
#Perl
Perl
my @list = qw(9 8 7 6 5 0 1 2 3 4); print join ' ', map { qselect(\@list, $_) } 1 .. 10 and print "\n";   sub qselect { my ($list, $k) = @_; my $pivot = @$list[int rand @{ $list } - 1]; my @left = grep { $_ < $pivot } @$list; my @right = grep { $_ > $pivot } @$list; if ($k <= @left) { r...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Range_extraction
Range extraction
A format for expressing an ordered list of integers is to use a comma separated list of either individual integers Or a range of integers denoted by the starting integer separated from the end integer in the range by a dash, '-'. (The range includes all integers in the interval including both endpoints) The range s...
#JavaScript
JavaScript
function rangeExtraction(list) { var len = list.length; var out = []; var i, j;   for (i = 0; i < len; i = j + 1) { // beginning of range or single out.push(list[i]);   // find end of range for (var j = i + 1; j < len && list[j] == list[j-1] + 1; j++); j--;   if (i == j) { // singl...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Random_numbers
Random numbers
Task Generate a collection filled with   1000   normally distributed random (or pseudo-random) numbers with a mean of   1.0   and a   standard deviation   of   0.5 Many libraries only generate uniformly distributed random numbers. If so, you may use one of these algorithms. Related task   Standard deviation
#Objeck
Objeck
bundle Default { class RandomNumbers { function : Main(args : String[]) ~ Nil { rands := Float->New[1000]; for(i := 0; i < rands->Size(); i += 1;) { rands[i] := 1.0 + 0.5 * RandomNormal(); };   each(i : rands) { rands[i]->PrintLine(); }; }   function : native ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Read_a_configuration_file
Read a configuration file
The task is to read a configuration file in standard configuration file format, and set variables accordingly. For this task, we have a configuration file as follows: # This is a configuration file in standard configuration file format # # Lines beginning with a hash or a semicolon are ignored by the application # pr...
#Phixmonti
Phixmonti
def optionValue 2 get "," find if " " "-" subst "," " " subst split len for var i i get "-" " " subst rot 1 get "(" chain print i print ") = " print swap trim print nl swap endfor drop drop else swap 1 get print " = " print swap pr...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Range_expansion
Range expansion
A format for expressing an ordered list of integers is to use a comma separated list of either individual integers Or a range of integers denoted by the starting integer separated from the end integer in the range by a dash, '-'. (The range includes all integers in the interval including both endpoints) The range s...
#NetRexx
NetRexx
/*NetRexx program to expand a range of integers into a list. ************* * 09.08.2012 Walter Pachl derived from my Rexx version * Changes: translate(old,' ',',') -> old.translate(' ',',') * dashpos=pos('-',x,2) -> dashpos=x.pos('-',2) * Do -> Loop * Parse Var a x a ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Read_a_file_line_by_line
Read a file line by line
Read a file one line at a time, as opposed to reading the entire file at once. Related tasks Read a file character by character Input loop.
#Nim
Nim
for line in lines "input.txt": echo line
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Reverse_a_string
Reverse a string
Task Take a string and reverse it. For example, "asdf" becomes "fdsa". Extra credit Preserve Unicode combining characters. For example, "as⃝df̅" becomes "f̅ds⃝a", not "̅fd⃝sa". Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string  (assignment) Counting ...
#Rascal
Rascal
import String; reverse("string")
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Queue/Definition
Queue/Definition
Data Structure This illustrates a data structure, a means of storing data within a program. You may see other such structures in the Data Structures category. Illustration of FIFO behavior Task Implement a FIFO queue. Elements are added at one side and popped from the other in the order of insertion. Operation...
#Elena
Elena
import extensions;   template queue<T> { T[] theArray; int theTop; int theTale;   constructor() { theArray := new T[](8); theTop := 0; theTale := 0; }   bool empty() = theTop == theTale;   push(T object) { if (theTale > theArray.Length) ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Quaternion_type
Quaternion type
Quaternions   are an extension of the idea of   complex numbers. A complex number has a real and complex part,   sometimes written as   a + bi, where   a   and   b   stand for real numbers, and   i   stands for the square root of minus 1. An example of a complex number might be   -3 + 2i,   wher...
#GAP
GAP
# GAP has built-in support for quaternions   A := QuaternionAlgebra(Rationals); # <algebra-with-one of dimension 4 over Rationals>   b := BasisVectors(Basis(A)); # [ e, i, j, k ]   q := [1, 2, 3, 4]*b; # e+(2)*i+(3)*j+(4)*k   # Conjugate ComplexConjugate(q); # e+(-2)*i+(-3)*j+(-4)*k   # Division 1/q; # (1/30)*e+(-1/15)...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Quine
Quine
A quine is a self-referential program that can, without any external access, output its own source. A   quine   (named after Willard Van Orman Quine)   is also known as:   self-reproducing automata   (1972)   self-replicating program         or   self-replicating computer program   self-reproducing program      ...
#Clojure
Clojure
((fn [x] (list x (list (quote quote) x))) (quote (fn [x] (list x (list (quote quote) x)))))
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Queue/Usage
Queue/Usage
Data Structure This illustrates a data structure, a means of storing data within a program. You may see other such structures in the Data Structures category. Illustration of FIFO behavior Task Create a queue data structure and demonstrate its operations. (For implementations of queues, see the FIFO task.) Ope...
#PicoLisp
PicoLisp
(println (fifo 'Queue)) # Retrieve the number '1' (println (fifo 'Queue)) # Retrieve an internal symbol 'abc' (println (fifo 'Queue)) # Retrieve a transient symbol "abc" (println (fifo 'Queue)) # and a list (abc) (println (fifo 'Queue)) # Queue is empty -> NIL
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Queue/Usage
Queue/Usage
Data Structure This illustrates a data structure, a means of storing data within a program. You may see other such structures in the Data Structures category. Illustration of FIFO behavior Task Create a queue data structure and demonstrate its operations. (For implementations of queues, see the FIFO task.) Ope...
#PL.2FI
PL/I
  test: proc options (main);     /* To implement a queue. */ define structure 1 node, 2 value fixed, 2 link handle(node); declare (head, tail, t) handle (node); declare null builtin; declare i fixed binary;   head, tail = bind(:node, null:);   do i = 1 to 10; /* Add ten item...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Queue/Usage
Queue/Usage
Data Structure This illustrates a data structure, a means of storing data within a program. You may see other such structures in the Data Structures category. Illustration of FIFO behavior Task Create a queue data structure and demonstrate its operations. (For implementations of queues, see the FIFO task.) Ope...
#PostScript
PostScript
  [1 2 3 4 5] 6 exch tadd = [1 2 3 4 5 6] uncons = 1 [2 3 4 5 6] [] empty? =true  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Quickselect_algorithm
Quickselect algorithm
Sorting Algorithm This is a sorting algorithm.   It may be applied to a set of data in order to sort it.     For comparing various sorts, see compare sorts.   For other sorting algorithms,   see sorting algorithms,   or: O(n logn) sorts Heap sort | Merge sort | Patience sort | Quick sort O(n log2n) sorts Shell Sort ...
#Phix
Phix
sequence s = {9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4} function quick_select(integer k) integer left = 1, right = length(s) while left<right do object pivotv = s[k]; {s[k], s[right]} = {s[right], s[k]} integer pos = left for i=left to right do if s[i]<pivotv then ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Range_extraction
Range extraction
A format for expressing an ordered list of integers is to use a comma separated list of either individual integers Or a range of integers denoted by the starting integer separated from the end integer in the range by a dash, '-'. (The range includes all integers in the interval including both endpoints) The range s...
#jq
jq
# Input should be an array def extract: reduce .[] as $i # state is an array with integers or [start, end] ranges ([]; if length == 0 then [ $i ] else ( .[-1]) as $last | if ($last|type) == "array" then if ($last[1] + 1) == $i then setpath([-1,1]; $i) el...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Random_numbers
Random numbers
Task Generate a collection filled with   1000   normally distributed random (or pseudo-random) numbers with a mean of   1.0   and a   standard deviation   of   0.5 Many libraries only generate uniformly distributed random numbers. If so, you may use one of these algorithms. Related task   Standard deviation
#OCaml
OCaml
let pi = 4. *. atan 1.;; let random_gaussian () = 1. +. sqrt (-2. *. log (Random.float 1.)) *. cos (2. *. pi *. Random.float 1.);; let a = Array.init 1000 (fun _ -> random_gaussian ());;
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Read_a_configuration_file
Read a configuration file
The task is to read a configuration file in standard configuration file format, and set variables accordingly. For this task, we have a configuration file as follows: # This is a configuration file in standard configuration file format # # Lines beginning with a hash or a semicolon are ignored by the application # pr...
#PHP
PHP
<?php   $conf = file_get_contents('parse-conf-file.txt');   // Add an "=" after entry name $conf = preg_replace('/^([a-z]+)/mi', '$1 =', $conf);   // Replace multiple parameters separated by commas : // name = value1, value2 // by multiple lines : // name[] = value1 // name[] = value2 $conf = preg_replace_callbac...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Range_expansion
Range expansion
A format for expressing an ordered list of integers is to use a comma separated list of either individual integers Or a range of integers denoted by the starting integer separated from the end integer in the range by a dash, '-'. (The range includes all integers in the interval including both endpoints) The range s...
#Nim
Nim
import parseutils, strutils   proc expandRange(input: string): string = var output: seq[string] for range in input.split(','): var sep = range.find('-', 1) if sep > 0: # parse range var first = -1 if range.substr(0, sep-1).parseInt(first) == 0: break var last = -1 if range.su...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Range_expansion
Range expansion
A format for expressing an ordered list of integers is to use a comma separated list of either individual integers Or a range of integers denoted by the starting integer separated from the end integer in the range by a dash, '-'. (The range includes all integers in the interval including both endpoints) The range s...
#Oberon-2
Oberon-2
  MODULE LIVector; IMPORT SYSTEM; TYPE LIPool = POINTER TO ARRAY OF LONGINT; LIVector*= POINTER TO LIVectorDesc; LIVectorDesc = RECORD cap-: INTEGER; len-: INTEGER; LIPool: LIPool; END;   PROCEDURE (v: LIVector) Init*(cap: INTEGER); BEGIN v.cap := cap; v.len := 0; NEW(v.LIPool,cap); END Init;   PROC...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Read_a_file_line_by_line
Read a file line by line
Read a file one line at a time, as opposed to reading the entire file at once. Related tasks Read a file character by character Input loop.
#Objeck
Objeck
  bundle Default { class ReadFile { function : Main(args : String[]) ~ Nil { f := IO.FileReader->New("in.txt"); if(f->IsOpen()) { string := f->ReadString(); while(f->IsEOF() = false) { string->PrintLine(); string := f->ReadString(); }; f->Close(); ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Reverse_a_string
Reverse a string
Task Take a string and reverse it. For example, "asdf" becomes "fdsa". Extra credit Preserve Unicode combining characters. For example, "as⃝df̅" becomes "f̅ds⃝a", not "̅fd⃝sa". Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string  (assignment) Counting ...
#Raven
Raven
"asdf" reverse
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Queue/Definition
Queue/Definition
Data Structure This illustrates a data structure, a means of storing data within a program. You may see other such structures in the Data Structures category. Illustration of FIFO behavior Task Implement a FIFO queue. Elements are added at one side and popped from the other in the order of insertion. Operation...
#Elisa
Elisa
  component GenericQueue ( Queue, Element ); type Queue; Queue (MaxLength = integer) -> Queue; Length( Queue ) -> integer; Empty ( Queue ) -> boolean; Full ( Queue ) -> boolean; Push ( Queue, Element) -> nothing; Pull ( Queue ) -> Element...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Queue/Definition
Queue/Definition
Data Structure This illustrates a data structure, a means of storing data within a program. You may see other such structures in the Data Structures category. Illustration of FIFO behavior Task Implement a FIFO queue. Elements are added at one side and popped from the other in the order of insertion. Operation...
#Elixir
Elixir
defmodule Queue do def new, do: {Queue, [], []}   def push({Queue, input, output}, x), do: {Queue, [x|input], output}   def pop({Queue, [], []}), do: (raise RuntimeError, message: "empty Queue") def pop({Queue, input, []}), do: pop({Queue, [], Enum.reverse(input)}) def pop({Queue, input, [h|t]}), do: {h, {Que...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Quaternion_type
Quaternion type
Quaternions   are an extension of the idea of   complex numbers. A complex number has a real and complex part,   sometimes written as   a + bi, where   a   and   b   stand for real numbers, and   i   stands for the square root of minus 1. An example of a complex number might be   -3 + 2i,   wher...
#Go
Go
package main   import ( "fmt" "math" )   type qtn struct { r, i, j, k float64 }   var ( q = &qtn{1, 2, 3, 4} q1 = &qtn{2, 3, 4, 5} q2 = &qtn{3, 4, 5, 6}   r float64 = 7 )   func main() { fmt.Println("Inputs") fmt.Println("q:", q) fmt.Println("q1:", q1) fmt.Println("q2:", q2...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Quine
Quine
A quine is a self-referential program that can, without any external access, output its own source. A   quine   (named after Willard Van Orman Quine)   is also known as:   self-reproducing automata   (1972)   self-replicating program         or   self-replicating computer program   self-reproducing program      ...
#CLU
CLU
q="start_up=proc()\n"|| " po:stream:=stream$primary_output()\n"|| " stream$puts(po,\"q=\\\"\")\n"|| " for c:char in string$chars(q) do\n"|| " if c='\\n' then stream$puts(po,\"\\\\n\\\"||\\n\\\"\")\n"|| " elseif c='\\\\' then stream$puts(po,\"\\\\\\\\\")\n"|| " elseif c='\\\"' then stream$p...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Queue/Usage
Queue/Usage
Data Structure This illustrates a data structure, a means of storing data within a program. You may see other such structures in the Data Structures category. Illustration of FIFO behavior Task Create a queue data structure and demonstrate its operations. (For implementations of queues, see the FIFO task.) Ope...
#PowerShell
PowerShell
  [System.Collections.ArrayList]$queue = @() # isEmpty? if ($queue.Count -eq 0) { "isEmpty? result : the queue is empty" } else { "isEmpty? result : the queue is not empty" } "the queue contains : $queue" $queue += 1 # push "push result : $queue" $queue += 2 # push $queue +...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Queue/Usage
Queue/Usage
Data Structure This illustrates a data structure, a means of storing data within a program. You may see other such structures in the Data Structures category. Illustration of FIFO behavior Task Create a queue data structure and demonstrate its operations. (For implementations of queues, see the FIFO task.) Ope...
#Prolog
Prolog
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% definitions of queue empty(U-V) :- unify_with_occurs_check(U, V).   push(Queue, Value, NewQueue) :- append_dl(Queue, [Value|X]-X, NewQueue).     pop([X|V]-U, X, V-U) :- \+empty([X|V]-U).       append_dl(X-Y, Y-Z, X-Z).   %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Quickselect_algorithm
Quickselect algorithm
Sorting Algorithm This is a sorting algorithm.   It may be applied to a set of data in order to sort it.     For comparing various sorts, see compare sorts.   For other sorting algorithms,   see sorting algorithms,   or: O(n logn) sorts Heap sort | Merge sort | Patience sort | Quick sort O(n log2n) sorts Shell Sort ...
#Picat
Picat
main => L = [9,8,7,6,5,0,1,2,3,4], Len = L.len, println([select(L,1,Len,I) : I in 1..Len]), nl.   select(List, Left, Right, K) = Select => if Left = Right then Select = List[Left] else PivotIndex = partition(List, Left, Right, random(Left,Right)), if K == PivotIndex then Select = List[K]...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Quickselect_algorithm
Quickselect algorithm
Sorting Algorithm This is a sorting algorithm.   It may be applied to a set of data in order to sort it.     For comparing various sorts, see compare sorts.   For other sorting algorithms,   see sorting algorithms,   or: O(n logn) sorts Heap sort | Merge sort | Patience sort | Quick sort O(n log2n) sorts Shell Sort ...
#PicoLisp
PicoLisp
(seed (in "/dev/urandom" (rd 8))) (de swapL (Lst X Y) (let L (nth Lst Y) (swap L (swap (nth Lst X) (car L)) ) ) ) (de partition (Lst L R P) (let V (get Lst P) (swapL Lst R P) (for I (range L R) (and (> V (get Lst I)) (swapL Lst L I) ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Range_extraction
Range extraction
A format for expressing an ordered list of integers is to use a comma separated list of either individual integers Or a range of integers denoted by the starting integer separated from the end integer in the range by a dash, '-'. (The range includes all integers in the interval including both endpoints) The range s...
#Jsish
Jsish
/* Range Extraction, in Jsish */ function rangeExtraction(list) { var len = list.length; var out = []; var i, j;   for (i = 0; i < len; i = j + 1) { // beginning of range or single out.push(list[i]);   // find end of range for (j = i + 1; j < len && list[j] == list[j-1] + 1; j++); j--;   ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Random_numbers
Random numbers
Task Generate a collection filled with   1000   normally distributed random (or pseudo-random) numbers with a mean of   1.0   and a   standard deviation   of   0.5 Many libraries only generate uniformly distributed random numbers. If so, you may use one of these algorithms. Related task   Standard deviation
#Octave
Octave
p = normrnd(1.0, 0.5, 1000, 1); disp(mean(p)); disp(sqrt(sum((p - mean(p)).^2)/numel(p)));
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Random_numbers
Random numbers
Task Generate a collection filled with   1000   normally distributed random (or pseudo-random) numbers with a mean of   1.0   and a   standard deviation   of   0.5 Many libraries only generate uniformly distributed random numbers. If so, you may use one of these algorithms. Related task   Standard deviation
#ooRexx
ooRexx
/*REXX pgm gens 1,000 normally distributed #s: mean=1, standard dev.=0.5*/ pi=RxCalcPi() /* get value of pi */ Parse Arg n seed . /* allow specification of N & seed*/ If n==''|n==',' Then n=1000 /* N is the size of the array. */ I...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Read_a_configuration_file
Read a configuration file
The task is to read a configuration file in standard configuration file format, and set variables accordingly. For this task, we have a configuration file as follows: # This is a configuration file in standard configuration file format # # Lines beginning with a hash or a semicolon are ignored by the application # pr...
#Picat
Picat
go => Vars = ["fullname","favouritefruit","needspeeling","seedsremoved","otherfamily"], Config = read_config("read_a_configuration_file_config.cfg"), foreach(Key in Vars) printf("%w = %w\n", Key, Config.get(Key,false)) end, nl.   % Read configuration file read_config(File) = Config => Config = new_map()...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Range_expansion
Range expansion
A format for expressing an ordered list of integers is to use a comma separated list of either individual integers Or a range of integers denoted by the starting integer separated from the end integer in the range by a dash, '-'. (The range includes all integers in the interval including both endpoints) The range s...
#OCaml
OCaml
#load "str.cma"   let range a b = if b < a then invalid_arg "range"; let rec aux i acc = if i = b then List.rev (i::acc) else aux (succ i) (i::acc) in aux a []   let parse_piece s = try Scanf.sscanf s "%d-%d" (fun a b -> range a b) with _ -> [int_of_string s]   let range_expand rng = let ps = Str....
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Read_a_file_line_by_line
Read a file line by line
Read a file one line at a time, as opposed to reading the entire file at once. Related tasks Read a file character by character Input loop.
#Objective-C
Objective-C
NSString *path = [NSString stringWithString:@"/usr/share/dict/words"]; NSError *error = nil; NSString *words = [[NSString alloc] initWithContentsOfFile:path encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:&error];  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Reverse_a_string
Reverse a string
Task Take a string and reverse it. For example, "asdf" becomes "fdsa". Extra credit Preserve Unicode combining characters. For example, "as⃝df̅" becomes "f̅ds⃝a", not "̅fd⃝sa". Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string  (assignment) Counting ...
#REBOL
REBOL
print reverse "asdf"
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Queue/Definition
Queue/Definition
Data Structure This illustrates a data structure, a means of storing data within a program. You may see other such structures in the Data Structures category. Illustration of FIFO behavior Task Implement a FIFO queue. Elements are added at one side and popped from the other in the order of insertion. Operation...
#Erlang
Erlang
-module(fifo). -export([new/0, push/2, pop/1, empty/1]).   new() -> {fifo, [], []}.   push({fifo, In, Out}, X) -> {fifo, [X|In], Out}.   pop({fifo, [], []}) -> erlang:error('empty fifo'); pop({fifo, In, []}) -> pop({fifo, [], lists:reverse(In)}); pop({fifo, In, [H|T]}) -> {H, {fifo, In, T}}.   empty({fifo, [], []}) -> ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Quaternion_type
Quaternion type
Quaternions   are an extension of the idea of   complex numbers. A complex number has a real and complex part,   sometimes written as   a + bi, where   a   and   b   stand for real numbers, and   i   stands for the square root of minus 1. An example of a complex number might be   -3 + 2i,   wher...
#Haskell
Haskell
import Control.Monad (join)   data Quaternion a = Q a a a a deriving (Show, Eq)   realQ :: Quaternion a -> a realQ (Q r _ _ _) = r   imagQ :: Quaternion a -> [a] imagQ (Q _ i j k) = [i, j, k]   quaternionFromScalar :: (Num a) => a -> Quaternion a quaternionFromScalar s = Q s 0 0 0   listFromQ :: Quaternion a -> [a]...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Quine
Quine
A quine is a self-referential program that can, without any external access, output its own source. A   quine   (named after Willard Van Orman Quine)   is also known as:   self-reproducing automata   (1972)   self-replicating program         or   self-replicating computer program   self-reproducing program      ...
#COBOL
COBOL
cobc -x -free -frelax quine.cob
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Queue/Usage
Queue/Usage
Data Structure This illustrates a data structure, a means of storing data within a program. You may see other such structures in the Data Structures category. Illustration of FIFO behavior Task Create a queue data structure and demonstrate its operations. (For implementations of queues, see the FIFO task.) Ope...
#PureBasic
PureBasic
NewList MyStack()   Procedure Push(n) Shared MyStack() LastElement(MyStack()) AddElement(MyStack()) MyStack()=n EndProcedure   Procedure Pop() Shared MyStack() Protected n If FirstElement(MyStack()) ; e.g. Stack not empty n=MyStack() DeleteElement(MyStack(),1) EndIf ProcedureReturn n EndProce...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Queue/Usage
Queue/Usage
Data Structure This illustrates a data structure, a means of storing data within a program. You may see other such structures in the Data Structures category. Illustration of FIFO behavior Task Create a queue data structure and demonstrate its operations. (For implementations of queues, see the FIFO task.) Ope...
#Python
Python
import Queue my_queue = Queue.Queue() my_queue.put("foo") my_queue.put("bar") my_queue.put("baz") print my_queue.get() # foo print my_queue.get() # bar print my_queue.get() # baz
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Quickselect_algorithm
Quickselect algorithm
Sorting Algorithm This is a sorting algorithm.   It may be applied to a set of data in order to sort it.     For comparing various sorts, see compare sorts.   For other sorting algorithms,   see sorting algorithms,   or: O(n logn) sorts Heap sort | Merge sort | Patience sort | Quick sort O(n log2n) sorts Shell Sort ...
#PL.2FI
PL/I
  quick: procedure options (main); /* 4 April 2014 */   partition: procedure (list, left, right, pivot_Index) returns (fixed binary); declare list (*) fixed binary; declare (left, right, pivot_index) fixed binary; declare (store_index, pivot_value) fixed binary; declare I fixed binary;   pivot_Value = ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Quickselect_algorithm
Quickselect algorithm
Sorting Algorithm This is a sorting algorithm.   It may be applied to a set of data in order to sort it.     For comparing various sorts, see compare sorts.   For other sorting algorithms,   see sorting algorithms,   or: O(n logn) sorts Heap sort | Merge sort | Patience sort | Quick sort O(n log2n) sorts Shell Sort ...
#PowerShell
PowerShell
  function partition($list, $left, $right, $pivotIndex) { $pivotValue = $list[$pivotIndex] $list[$pivotIndex], $list[$right] = $list[$right], $list[$pivotIndex] $storeIndex = $left foreach ($i in $left..($right-1)) { if ($list[$i] -lt $pivotValue) { $list[$storeIndex],$list...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Range_extraction
Range extraction
A format for expressing an ordered list of integers is to use a comma separated list of either individual integers Or a range of integers denoted by the starting integer separated from the end integer in the range by a dash, '-'. (The range includes all integers in the interval including both endpoints) The range s...
#Julia
Julia
  function sprintfrange{T<:Integer}(a::Array{T,1}) len = length(a) 0 < len || return "" dropme = falses(len) dropme[2:end-1] = Bool[a[i-1]==a[i]-1 && a[i+1]==a[i]+1 for i in 2:(len-1)] s = [string(i) for i in a] s[dropme] = "X" s = join(s, ",") replace(s, r",[,X]+,", "-") end   testa = [...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Random_numbers
Random numbers
Task Generate a collection filled with   1000   normally distributed random (or pseudo-random) numbers with a mean of   1.0   and a   standard deviation   of   0.5 Many libraries only generate uniformly distributed random numbers. If so, you may use one of these algorithms. Related task   Standard deviation
#PARI.2FGP
PARI/GP
rnormal()={ my(pr=32*ceil(default(realprecision)*log(10)/log(4294967296)),u1=random(2^pr)*1.>>pr,u2=random(2^pr)*1.>>pr); sqrt(-2*log(u1))*cos(2*Pi*u2) \\ in previous version "u1" instead of "u2" was used --> has given crap distribution \\ Could easily be extended with a second normal at very little cost. }; vector...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Random_numbers
Random numbers
Task Generate a collection filled with   1000   normally distributed random (or pseudo-random) numbers with a mean of   1.0   and a   standard deviation   of   0.5 Many libraries only generate uniformly distributed random numbers. If so, you may use one of these algorithms. Related task   Standard deviation
#Pascal
Pascal
  function rnorm (mean, sd: real): real; {Calculates Gaussian random numbers according to the Box-Müller approach} var u1, u2: real; begin u1 := random; u2 := random; rnorm := mean * abs(1 + sqrt(-2 * (ln(u1))) * cos(2 * pi * u2) * sd); /* error !?! Shouldn't it be "mean +" instead of "mean *" ? */ end...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Read_a_configuration_file
Read a configuration file
The task is to read a configuration file in standard configuration file format, and set variables accordingly. For this task, we have a configuration file as follows: # This is a configuration file in standard configuration file format # # Lines beginning with a hash or a semicolon are ignored by the application # pr...
#PicoLisp
PicoLisp
(de rdConf (File) (in File (while (read) (set @ (or (pack (clip (line))) T)) ) ) )   (rdConf "conf.txt") (println FULLNAME FAVOURITEFRUIT NEEDSPEELING SEEDSREMOVED OTHERFAMILY) (bye)
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Range_expansion
Range expansion
A format for expressing an ordered list of integers is to use a comma separated list of either individual integers Or a range of integers denoted by the starting integer separated from the end integer in the range by a dash, '-'. (The range includes all integers in the interval including both endpoints) The range s...
#Oforth
Oforth
: addRange( s res -- ) | i n | s asInteger dup ifNotNull: [ res add return ] drop s indexOfFrom('-', 2) ->i s left( i 1- ) asInteger s right( s size i - ) asInteger for: n [ n res add ] ;   : rangeExpand ( s -- [ n ] ) ArrayBuffer new s wordsWith( ',' ) apply( #[ over addRange ] ) ;
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Range_expansion
Range expansion
A format for expressing an ordered list of integers is to use a comma separated list of either individual integers Or a range of integers denoted by the starting integer separated from the end integer in the range by a dash, '-'. (The range includes all integers in the interval including both endpoints) The range s...
#ooRexx
ooRexx
  list = '-6,-3--1,3-5,7-11,14,15,17-20' expanded = expandRanges(list)   say "Original list: ["list"]" say "Expanded list: ["expanded~tostring("l", ",")"]"   -- expand a string expression a range of numbers into a list -- of values for the range. This returns an array ::routine expandRanges use strict arg list val...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Read_a_file_line_by_line
Read a file line by line
Read a file one line at a time, as opposed to reading the entire file at once. Related tasks Read a file character by character Input loop.
#OCaml
OCaml
let () = let ic = open_in "input.txt" in try while true do let line = input_line ic in print_endline line done with End_of_file -> close_in ic
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Read_a_file_line_by_line
Read a file line by line
Read a file one line at a time, as opposed to reading the entire file at once. Related tasks Read a file character by character Input loop.
#Oforth
Oforth
: readFile(fileName) | line | File new(fileName) forEach: line [ line println ] ;
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Reverse_a_string
Reverse a string
Task Take a string and reverse it. For example, "asdf" becomes "fdsa". Extra credit Preserve Unicode combining characters. For example, "as⃝df̅" becomes "f̅ds⃝a", not "̅fd⃝sa". Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string  (assignment) Counting ...
#Red
Red
>> reverse "asdf" == "fdsa"
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Queue/Definition
Queue/Definition
Data Structure This illustrates a data structure, a means of storing data within a program. You may see other such structures in the Data Structures category. Illustration of FIFO behavior Task Implement a FIFO queue. Elements are added at one side and popped from the other in the order of insertion. Operation...
#ERRE
ERRE
PROGRAM CLASS_DEMO   CLASS QUEUE   LOCAL SP LOCAL DIM STACK[100]   FUNCTION ISEMPTY() ISEMPTY=(SP=0) END FUNCTION   PROCEDURE INIT SP=0 END PROCEDURE   PROCEDURE POP(->XX) XX=STACK[SP] SP=SP-1 END PROCEDURE   PROCEDURE PUSH(XX) SP=SP+1 STACK[SP]=XX END P...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Queue/Definition
Queue/Definition
Data Structure This illustrates a data structure, a means of storing data within a program. You may see other such structures in the Data Structures category. Illustration of FIFO behavior Task Implement a FIFO queue. Elements are added at one side and popped from the other in the order of insertion. Operation...
#Factor
Factor
USING: accessors kernel ; IN: rosetta-code.queue-definition   TUPLE: queue head tail ; TUPLE: node value next ;   : <queue> ( -- queue ) queue new ; : <node> ( obj -- node ) node new swap >>value ;   : empty? ( queue -- ? ) head>> >boolean not ;   : enqueue ( obj queue -- ) [ <node> ] dip 2dup dup empty? [ head...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Quaternion_type
Quaternion type
Quaternions   are an extension of the idea of   complex numbers. A complex number has a real and complex part,   sometimes written as   a + bi, where   a   and   b   stand for real numbers, and   i   stands for the square root of minus 1. An example of a complex number might be   -3 + 2i,   wher...
#Icon_and_Unicon
Icon and Unicon
  class Quaternion(a, b, c, d)   method norm () return sqrt (a*a + b*b + c*c + d*d) end   method negative () return Quaternion(-a, -b, -c, -d) end   method conjugate () return Quaternion(a, -b, -c, -d) end   method add (n) if type(n) == "Quaternion__state" then return Quaternion(a+...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Quine
Quine
A quine is a self-referential program that can, without any external access, output its own source. A   quine   (named after Willard Van Orman Quine)   is also known as:   self-reproducing automata   (1972)   self-replicating program         or   self-replicating computer program   self-reproducing program      ...
#CoffeeScript
CoffeeScript
s="s=#&# ;alert s.replace(/&/,s).replace /#(?=[^&;'(]|';;$)/g, '#';;" ;alert s.replace(/&/,s).replace /#(?=[^&;'(]|';;$)/g, '"';;
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Queue/Usage
Queue/Usage
Data Structure This illustrates a data structure, a means of storing data within a program. You may see other such structures in the Data Structures category. Illustration of FIFO behavior Task Create a queue data structure and demonstrate its operations. (For implementations of queues, see the FIFO task.) Ope...
#Quackery
Quackery
[ [] ] is queue ( --> q )   [ nested join ] is push ( q x --> q )   [ behead ] is pop ( q --> q x )   [ [] = ] is empty? ( q --> b )
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Queue/Usage
Queue/Usage
Data Structure This illustrates a data structure, a means of storing data within a program. You may see other such structures in the Data Structures category. Illustration of FIFO behavior Task Create a queue data structure and demonstrate its operations. (For implementations of queues, see the FIFO task.) Ope...
#Racket
Racket
#lang racket   (require data/queue)   (define queue (make-queue))   (enqueue! queue 'black) (queue-empty? queue) ; #f   (enqueue! queue 'red) (enqueue! queue 'green)   (dequeue! queue) ; 'black (dequeue! queue) ; 'red (dequeue! queue) ; 'green   (queue-empty? queue) ; #t
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Quickselect_algorithm
Quickselect algorithm
Sorting Algorithm This is a sorting algorithm.   It may be applied to a set of data in order to sort it.     For comparing various sorts, see compare sorts.   For other sorting algorithms,   see sorting algorithms,   or: O(n logn) sorts Heap sort | Merge sort | Patience sort | Quick sort O(n log2n) sorts Shell Sort ...
#PureBasic
PureBasic
  Procedure QuickPartition (Array L(1), left, right, pivotIndex) pivotValue = L(pivotIndex) Swap L(pivotIndex) , L(right); Move pivot To End storeIndex = left For i=left To right-1 If L(i) < pivotValue Swap L(storeIndex),L(i) storeIndex+1 EndIf Next i...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Range_extraction
Range extraction
A format for expressing an ordered list of integers is to use a comma separated list of either individual integers Or a range of integers denoted by the starting integer separated from the end integer in the range by a dash, '-'. (The range includes all integers in the interval including both endpoints) The range s...
#K
K
grp : {(&~1=0,-':x)_ x} fmt : {:[1=#s:$x;s;(*s),:[3>#s;",";"-"],*|s]} erng: {{x,",",y}/,//'fmt'grp x}
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Random_numbers
Random numbers
Task Generate a collection filled with   1000   normally distributed random (or pseudo-random) numbers with a mean of   1.0   and a   standard deviation   of   0.5 Many libraries only generate uniformly distributed random numbers. If so, you may use one of these algorithms. Related task   Standard deviation
#Perl
Perl
my $PI = 2 * atan2 1, 0;   my @nums = map { 1 + 0.5 * sqrt(-2 * log rand) * cos(2 * $PI * rand) } 1..1000;
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Random_numbers
Random numbers
Task Generate a collection filled with   1000   normally distributed random (or pseudo-random) numbers with a mean of   1.0   and a   standard deviation   of   0.5 Many libraries only generate uniformly distributed random numbers. If so, you may use one of these algorithms. Related task   Standard deviation
#Phix
Phix
function RandomNormal() return sqrt(-2*log(rnd())) * cos(2*PI*rnd()) end function sequence s = repeat(0,1000) for i=1 to length(s) do s[i] = 1 + 0.5 * RandomNormal() end for
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Read_a_configuration_file
Read a configuration file
The task is to read a configuration file in standard configuration file format, and set variables accordingly. For this task, we have a configuration file as follows: # This is a configuration file in standard configuration file format # # Lines beginning with a hash or a semicolon are ignored by the application # pr...
#PL.2FI
PL/I
  set: procedure options (main); declare text character (100) varying; declare (fullname, favouritefruit) character (100) varying initial (''); declare needspeeling bit (1) static initial ('0'b); declare seedsremoved bit (1) static initial ('0'b); declare otherfamily(10) character (100) varying; decla...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Range_expansion
Range expansion
A format for expressing an ordered list of integers is to use a comma separated list of either individual integers Or a range of integers denoted by the starting integer separated from the end integer in the range by a dash, '-'. (The range includes all integers in the interval including both endpoints) The range s...
#Oz
Oz
declare fun {Expand RangeDesc} {Flatten {Map {ParseDesc RangeDesc} ExpandRange}} end   fun {ParseDesc Txt} {Map {String.tokens Txt &,} ParseRange} end   fun {ParseRange R} if {Member &- R.2} then First Second in {String.token R.2 &- ?First ?Second} {Str...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Read_a_file_line_by_line
Read a file line by line
Read a file one line at a time, as opposed to reading the entire file at once. Related tasks Read a file character by character Input loop.
#PARI.2FGP
PARI/GP
FILE *f = fopen(name, "r"); if (!f) { pari_err(openfiler, "input", name); } while(fgets(line, MAX_LINELEN, f) != NULL) { // ... }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Read_a_file_line_by_line
Read a file line by line
Read a file one line at a time, as opposed to reading the entire file at once. Related tasks Read a file character by character Input loop.
#Pascal
Pascal
(* Read a text-file line by line *) program ReadFileByLine; var InputFile,OutputFile: text; TextLine: String; begin Assign(InputFile, 'testin.txt'); Reset(InputFile); Assign(OutputFile, 'testout.txt'); Rewrite(OutputFile); while not Eof(InputFile) do begin ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Reverse_a_string
Reverse a string
Task Take a string and reverse it. For example, "asdf" becomes "fdsa". Extra credit Preserve Unicode combining characters. For example, "as⃝df̅" becomes "f̅ds⃝a", not "̅fd⃝sa". Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string  (assignment) Counting ...
#ReScript
ReScript
let rev_string = (s) => { let len = Js.String2.length(s) let arr = [] for i in 0 to (len-1) { let c = Js.String2.get(s, len - 1 - i) let _ = Js.Array2.push(arr, c) } Js.String2.concatMany("", arr) }   Js.log(rev_string("abcdefg"))
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Queue/Definition
Queue/Definition
Data Structure This illustrates a data structure, a means of storing data within a program. You may see other such structures in the Data Structures category. Illustration of FIFO behavior Task Implement a FIFO queue. Elements are added at one side and popped from the other in the order of insertion. Operation...
#Fantom
Fantom
  class Queue { List queue := [,]   public Void push (Obj obj) { queue.add (obj) // add to right of list }   public Obj pop () { if (queue.isEmpty) throw (Err("queue is empty")) else { return queue.removeAt(0) // removes left-most item } }   public Bool isEmpty () { ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Queue/Definition
Queue/Definition
Data Structure This illustrates a data structure, a means of storing data within a program. You may see other such structures in the Data Structures category. Illustration of FIFO behavior Task Implement a FIFO queue. Elements are added at one side and popped from the other in the order of insertion. Operation...
#Forth
Forth
1024 constant size create buffer size cells allot here constant end variable head buffer head ! variable tail buffer tail ! variable used 0 used !   : empty? used @ 0= ; : full? used @ size = ;   : next ( ptr -- ptr ) cell+ dup end = if drop buffer then ;   : put ( n -- ) full? abort" buffer full" \ b...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Quaternion_type
Quaternion type
Quaternions   are an extension of the idea of   complex numbers. A complex number has a real and complex part,   sometimes written as   a + bi, where   a   and   b   stand for real numbers, and   i   stands for the square root of minus 1. An example of a complex number might be   -3 + 2i,   wher...
#Idris
Idris
  module CayleyDickson   data CD : Nat -> Type -> Type where CDBase : a -> CD 0 a CDProd : CD n a -> CD n a -> CD (S n) a   pairTy : Nat -> Type -> Type pairTy Z a = a pairTy (S n) a = let b = pairTy n a in (b, b)   fromPair : (n : Nat) -> pairTy n a -> CD n a fromPair Z x = CDBase x fromPair (S m) (x, y) = CDP...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Quine
Quine
A quine is a self-referential program that can, without any external access, output its own source. A   quine   (named after Willard Van Orman Quine)   is also known as:   self-reproducing automata   (1972)   self-replicating program         or   self-replicating computer program   self-reproducing program      ...
#Commodore_BASIC
Commodore BASIC
10 DATA 49,54,48,32,78,61,51,51,48,13,49,55,48,32,68,73,77,32,65,40,78,41,13 20 DATA 49,56,48,32,70,79,82,32,73,61,48,32,84,79,32,78,13,49,57,48,32,58,32 30 DATA 82,69,65,68,32,65,40,73,41,13,50,48,48,32,78,69,88,84,32,73,13,50,49 40 DATA 48,32,70,79,82,32,73,61,48,32,84,79,32,49,52,32,13,50,50,48,32,58,32 50 DATA 80,8...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Quine
Quine
A quine is a self-referential program that can, without any external access, output its own source. A   quine   (named after Willard Van Orman Quine)   is also known as:   self-reproducing automata   (1972)   self-replicating program         or   self-replicating computer program   self-reproducing program      ...
#Common_Lisp
Common Lisp
((lambda (s) (print (list s (list 'quote s)))) '(lambda (s) (print (list s (list 'quote s)))))
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Queue/Usage
Queue/Usage
Data Structure This illustrates a data structure, a means of storing data within a program. You may see other such structures in the Data Structures category. Illustration of FIFO behavior Task Create a queue data structure and demonstrate its operations. (For implementations of queues, see the FIFO task.) Ope...
#Raku
Raku
push (aka enqueue) -- @list.push pop (aka dequeue) -- @list.shift empty -- !@list.elems
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Queue/Usage
Queue/Usage
Data Structure This illustrates a data structure, a means of storing data within a program. You may see other such structures in the Data Structures category. Illustration of FIFO behavior Task Create a queue data structure and demonstrate its operations. (For implementations of queues, see the FIFO task.) Ope...
#REBOL
REBOL
; Create and populate a FIFO:   q: make fifo [] q/push 'a q/push 2 q/push USD$12.34 ; Did I mention that REBOL has 'money!' datatype? q/push [Athos Porthos Aramis] ; List elements pushed on one by one. q/push [[Huey Dewey Lewey]] ; This list is preserved as a list.   ; Dump it out, with narrative:   prin...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Quickselect_algorithm
Quickselect algorithm
Sorting Algorithm This is a sorting algorithm.   It may be applied to a set of data in order to sort it.     For comparing various sorts, see compare sorts.   For other sorting algorithms,   see sorting algorithms,   or: O(n logn) sorts Heap sort | Merge sort | Patience sort | Quick sort O(n log2n) sorts Shell Sort ...
#Python
Python
import random   def partition(vector, left, right, pivotIndex): pivotValue = vector[pivotIndex] vector[pivotIndex], vector[right] = vector[right], vector[pivotIndex] # Move pivot to end storeIndex = left for i in range(left, right): if vector[i] < pivotValue: vector[storeIndex], vec...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Range_extraction
Range extraction
A format for expressing an ordered list of integers is to use a comma separated list of either individual integers Or a range of integers denoted by the starting integer separated from the end integer in the range by a dash, '-'. (The range includes all integers in the interval including both endpoints) The range s...
#Kotlin
Kotlin
// version 1.0.6   fun extractRange(list: List<Int>): String { if (list.isEmpty()) return "" val sb = StringBuilder() var first = list[0] var prev = first   fun append(index: Int) { if (first == prev) sb.append(prev) else if (first == prev - 1) sb.append(first, ",", prev) el...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Random_numbers
Random numbers
Task Generate a collection filled with   1000   normally distributed random (or pseudo-random) numbers with a mean of   1.0   and a   standard deviation   of   0.5 Many libraries only generate uniformly distributed random numbers. If so, you may use one of these algorithms. Related task   Standard deviation
#Phixmonti
Phixmonti
include ..\Utilitys.pmt   def RandomNormal drop rand log -2 * sqrt 2 pi * rand * cos * 0.5 * 1 + enddef   1000 var n 0 n repeat   getid RandomNormal map   dup sum n / var mean "Mean: " print mean print nl   0 swap n for get mean - 2 power rot + swap endfor swap n / sqrt "Standard deviation: " print print
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Random_numbers
Random numbers
Task Generate a collection filled with   1000   normally distributed random (or pseudo-random) numbers with a mean of   1.0   and a   standard deviation   of   0.5 Many libraries only generate uniformly distributed random numbers. If so, you may use one of these algorithms. Related task   Standard deviation
#PHP
PHP
function random() { return mt_rand() / mt_getrandmax(); }   $pi = pi(); // Set PI   $a = array(); for ($i = 0; $i < 1000; $i++) { $a[$i] = 1.0 + ((sqrt(-2 * log(random())) * cos(2 * $pi * random())) * 0.5);   }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Read_a_configuration_file
Read a configuration file
The task is to read a configuration file in standard configuration file format, and set variables accordingly. For this task, we have a configuration file as follows: # This is a configuration file in standard configuration file format # # Lines beginning with a hash or a semicolon are ignored by the application # pr...
#PowerShell
PowerShell
  function Read-ConfigurationFile { [CmdletBinding()] Param ( # Path to the configuration file. Default is "C:\ConfigurationFile.cfg" [Parameter(Mandatory=$false, Position=0)] [string] $Path = "C:\ConfigurationFile.cfg" )   [string]$script:fullName = "" [string]$...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Range_expansion
Range expansion
A format for expressing an ordered list of integers is to use a comma separated list of either individual integers Or a range of integers denoted by the starting integer separated from the end integer in the range by a dash, '-'. (The range includes all integers in the interval including both endpoints) The range s...
#Perl
Perl
sub rangex { map { /^(.*\d)-(.+)$/ ? $1..$2 : $_ } split /,/, shift }   # Test and display print join(',', rangex('-6,-3--1,3-5,7-11,14,15,17-20')), "\n";