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http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Read_a_specific_line_from_a_file
Read a specific line from a file
Some languages have special semantics for obtaining a known line number from a file. Task Demonstrate how to obtain the contents of a specific line within a file. For the purpose of this task demonstrate how the contents of the seventh line of a file can be obtained,   and store it in a variable or in memory   (fo...
#Vedit_macro_language
Vedit macro language
File_Open("example.txt", BROWSE) Goto_Line(7) if (Cur_Line < 7) { Statline_Message("File contains too few lines") } else { if (At_EOL) { Statline_Message("Empty line") } Reg_Copy(10, 1) } Buf_Close(NOMSG)
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Quickselect_algorithm
Quickselect algorithm
Sorting Algorithm This is a sorting algorithm.   It may be applied to a set of data in order to sort it.     For comparing various sorts, see compare sorts.   For other sorting algorithms,   see sorting algorithms,   or: O(n logn) sorts Heap sort | Merge sort | Patience sort | Quick sort O(n log2n) sorts Shell Sort ...
#Factor
Factor
USING: combinators kernel make math locals prettyprint sequences ; IN: rosetta-code.quickselect   :: quickselect ( k seq -- n ) seq unclip :> ( xs x ) xs [ x < ] partition :> ( ys zs ) ys length :> l { { [ k l < ] [ k ys quickselect ] } { [ k l > ] [ k l - 1 - zs quickselect ] } ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Quickselect_algorithm
Quickselect algorithm
Sorting Algorithm This is a sorting algorithm.   It may be applied to a set of data in order to sort it.     For comparing various sorts, see compare sorts.   For other sorting algorithms,   see sorting algorithms,   or: O(n logn) sorts Heap sort | Merge sort | Patience sort | Quick sort O(n log2n) sorts Shell Sort ...
#Fortran
Fortran
INTEGER FUNCTION FINDELEMENT(K,A,N) !I know I can. Chase an order statistic: FindElement(N/2,A,N) leads to the median, with some odd/even caution. Careful! The array is shuffled: for i < K, A(i) <= A(K); for i > K, A(i) >= A(K). Charles Anthony Richard Hoare devised this method, as related to his famous QuickSort...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Range_extraction
Range extraction
A format for expressing an ordered list of integers is to use a comma separated list of either individual integers Or a range of integers denoted by the starting integer separated from the end integer in the range by a dash, '-'. (The range includes all integers in the interval including both endpoints) The range s...
#Erlang
Erlang
  -module( range ).   -export( [extraction/1, task/0] ).   extraction( [H | T] ) when is_integer(H) -> Reversed_extracts = extraction_acc( lists:foldl(fun extraction/2, {H, []}, T) ), string:join( lists:reverse(Reversed_extracts), "," ).   task() -> io:fwrite( "~p~n", [extraction([0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Random_numbers
Random numbers
Task Generate a collection filled with   1000   normally distributed random (or pseudo-random) numbers with a mean of   1.0   and a   standard deviation   of   0.5 Many libraries only generate uniformly distributed random numbers. If so, you may use one of these algorithms. Related task   Standard deviation
#Java
Java
double[] list = new double[1000]; double mean = 1.0, std = 0.5; Random rng = new Random(); for(int i = 0;i<list.length;i++) { list[i] = mean + std * rng.nextGaussian(); }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Random_numbers
Random numbers
Task Generate a collection filled with   1000   normally distributed random (or pseudo-random) numbers with a mean of   1.0   and a   standard deviation   of   0.5 Many libraries only generate uniformly distributed random numbers. If so, you may use one of these algorithms. Related task   Standard deviation
#JavaScript
JavaScript
function randomNormal() { return Math.cos(2 * Math.PI * Math.random()) * Math.sqrt(-2 * Math.log(Math.random())) }   var a = [] for (var i=0; i < 1000; i++){ a[i] = randomNormal() / 2 + 1 }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Random_number_generator_(included)
Random number generator (included)
The task is to: State the type of random number generator algorithm used in a language's built-in random number generator. If the language or its immediate libraries don't provide a random number generator, skip this task. If possible, give a link to a wider explanation of the algorithm used. Note: the task is not t...
#Tcl
Tcl
rand
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Random_number_generator_(included)
Random number generator (included)
The task is to: State the type of random number generator algorithm used in a language's built-in random number generator. If the language or its immediate libraries don't provide a random number generator, skip this task. If possible, give a link to a wider explanation of the algorithm used. Note: the task is not t...
#TI-83_BASIC
TI-83 BASIC
rand
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Random_number_generator_(included)
Random number generator (included)
The task is to: State the type of random number generator algorithm used in a language's built-in random number generator. If the language or its immediate libraries don't provide a random number generator, skip this task. If possible, give a link to a wider explanation of the algorithm used. Note: the task is not t...
#TXR
TXR
echo $RANDOM
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Random_number_generator_(included)
Random number generator (included)
The task is to: State the type of random number generator algorithm used in a language's built-in random number generator. If the language or its immediate libraries don't provide a random number generator, skip this task. If possible, give a link to a wider explanation of the algorithm used. Note: the task is not t...
#UNIX_Shell
UNIX Shell
echo $RANDOM
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Read_a_configuration_file
Read a configuration file
The task is to read a configuration file in standard configuration file format, and set variables accordingly. For this task, we have a configuration file as follows: # This is a configuration file in standard configuration file format # # Lines beginning with a hash or a semicolon are ignored by the application # pr...
#Ksh
Ksh
  #!/bin/ksh   # Read a configuration file   # # Variables: #   # # The configuration file (below) could be read in from a file # But this method keeps everything together. # e.g. config=$(< /path/to/config_file)   integer config_num=0 config='# This is a configuration file in standard configuration file format # # L...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Range_expansion
Range expansion
A format for expressing an ordered list of integers is to use a comma separated list of either individual integers Or a range of integers denoted by the starting integer separated from the end integer in the range by a dash, '-'. (The range includes all integers in the interval including both endpoints) The range s...
#Haskell
Haskell
> expandRange "-6,-3--1,3-5,7-11,14,15,17-20" [-6,-3,-2,-1,3,4,5,7,8,9,10,11,14,15,17,18,19,20]
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Read_a_file_line_by_line
Read a file line by line
Read a file one line at a time, as opposed to reading the entire file at once. Related tasks Read a file character by character Input loop.
#Groovy
Groovy
new File("Test.txt").eachLine { line, lineNumber -> println "processing line $lineNumber: $line" }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Read_a_file_line_by_line
Read a file line by line
Read a file one line at a time, as opposed to reading the entire file at once. Related tasks Read a file character by character Input loop.
#Haskell
Haskell
main = do file <- readFile "linebyline.hs" mapM_ putStrLn (lines file)  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Ranking_methods
Ranking methods
Sorting Algorithm This is a sorting algorithm.   It may be applied to a set of data in order to sort it.     For comparing various sorts, see compare sorts.   For other sorting algorithms,   see sorting algorithms,   or: O(n logn) sorts Heap sort | Merge sort | Patience sort | Quick sort O(n log2n) sorts Shell Sort ...
#Wren
Wren
import "/math" for Nums import "/fmt" for Fmt   /* all ranking functions assume the array of Pairs is non-empty and already sorted by decreasing order of scores and then, if the scores are equal, by reverse alphabetic order of names */   var standardRanking = Fn.new { |scores| var rankings = List.filled(scor...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Reverse_a_string
Reverse a string
Task Take a string and reverse it. For example, "asdf" becomes "fdsa". Extra credit Preserve Unicode combining characters. For example, "as⃝df̅" becomes "f̅ds⃝a", not "̅fd⃝sa". Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string  (assignment) Counting ...
#Plain_TeX
Plain TeX
\def\gobtoA#1\revA{}\def\gobtoB#1\revB{} \def\reverse#1{\reversei{}#1\revA\revB\revB\revB\revB\revB\revB\revB\revB\revA} \def\reversei#1#2#3#4#5#6#7#8#9{\gobtoB#9\revend\revB\reversei{#9#8#7#6#5#4#3#2#1}} \def\revend\revB\reversei#1#2\revA{\gobtoA#1} \reverse{Rosetta} \bye
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Queue/Definition
Queue/Definition
Data Structure This illustrates a data structure, a means of storing data within a program. You may see other such structures in the Data Structures category. Illustration of FIFO behavior Task Implement a FIFO queue. Elements are added at one side and popped from the other in the order of insertion. Operation...
#Bracmat
Bracmat
( queue = (list=) (enqueue=.(.!arg) !(its.list):?(its.list)) ( dequeue = x .  !(its.list):?(its.list) (.?x) & !x ) (empty=.!(its.list):) )
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Quaternion_type
Quaternion type
Quaternions   are an extension of the idea of   complex numbers. A complex number has a real and complex part,   sometimes written as   a + bi, where   a   and   b   stand for real numbers, and   i   stands for the square root of minus 1. An example of a complex number might be   -3 + 2i,   wher...
#Common_Lisp
Common Lisp
  (defclass quaternion () ((a :accessor q-a :initarg :a :type real) (b :accessor q-b :initarg :b :type real) (c :accessor q-c :initarg :c :type real) (d :accessor q-d :initarg :d :type real)) (:default-initargs :a 0 :b 0 :c 0 :d 0))   (defun ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Quine
Quine
A quine is a self-referential program that can, without any external access, output its own source. A   quine   (named after Willard Van Orman Quine)   is also known as:   self-reproducing automata   (1972)   self-replicating program         or   self-replicating computer program   self-reproducing program      ...
#beeswax
beeswax
_4~++~+.@1~0@D@1J
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Queue/Usage
Queue/Usage
Data Structure This illustrates a data structure, a means of storing data within a program. You may see other such structures in the Data Structures category. Illustration of FIFO behavior Task Create a queue data structure and demonstrate its operations. (For implementations of queues, see the FIFO task.) Ope...
#FreeBASIC
FreeBASIC
' FB 1.05.0 Win64   #Include "queue_rosetta.bi" '' include macro-based generic Queue type used in earlier task   Declare_Queue(String) '' expand Queue type for Strings   Dim stringQueue As Queue(String) With stringQueue '' push some strings into the Queue .push("first") .push("second") .push("third") .push("f...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Queue/Usage
Queue/Usage
Data Structure This illustrates a data structure, a means of storing data within a program. You may see other such structures in the Data Structures category. Illustration of FIFO behavior Task Create a queue data structure and demonstrate its operations. (For implementations of queues, see the FIFO task.) Ope...
#Go
Go
package main   import ( "fmt" "queue" )   func main() { q := new(queue.Queue) fmt.Println("empty?", q.Empty())   x := "black" fmt.Println("push", x) q.Push(x)   fmt.Println("empty?", q.Empty()) r, ok := q.Pop() if ok { fmt.Println(r, "popped") } else { fmt.Pri...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Read_a_specific_line_from_a_file
Read a specific line from a file
Some languages have special semantics for obtaining a known line number from a file. Task Demonstrate how to obtain the contents of a specific line within a file. For the purpose of this task demonstrate how the contents of the seventh line of a file can be obtained,   and store it in a variable or in memory   (fo...
#Wren
Wren
import "io" for File   var lines = File.read("input.txt").replace("\r", "").split("\n") if (lines.count < 7) { System.print("There are only %(lines.count) lines in the file") } else { var line7 = lines[6].trim() if (line7 == "") { System.print("The seventh line is empty") } else { System...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Quickselect_algorithm
Quickselect algorithm
Sorting Algorithm This is a sorting algorithm.   It may be applied to a set of data in order to sort it.     For comparing various sorts, see compare sorts.   For other sorting algorithms,   see sorting algorithms,   or: O(n logn) sorts Heap sort | Merge sort | Patience sort | Quick sort O(n log2n) sorts Shell Sort ...
#FreeBASIC
FreeBASIC
  Dim Shared As Long array(9), pivote   Function QuickPartition (array() As Long, izda As Long, dcha As Long, pivote As Long) As Long Dim As Long pivotValue = array(pivote) Swap array(pivote), array(dcha) Dim As Long indice = izda For i As Long = izda To dcha-1 If array(i) < pivotValue Then ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Range_extraction
Range extraction
A format for expressing an ordered list of integers is to use a comma separated list of either individual integers Or a range of integers denoted by the starting integer separated from the end integer in the range by a dash, '-'. (The range includes all integers in the interval including both endpoints) The range s...
#Euphoria
Euphoria
function extract_ranges(sequence s) integer first sequence out out = "" if length(s) = 0 then return out end if first = 1 for i = 2 to length(s) do if s[i] != s[i-1]+1 then if first = i-1 then out &= sprintf("%d,", s[first]) elsif first...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Random_numbers
Random numbers
Task Generate a collection filled with   1000   normally distributed random (or pseudo-random) numbers with a mean of   1.0   and a   standard deviation   of   0.5 Many libraries only generate uniformly distributed random numbers. If so, you may use one of these algorithms. Related task   Standard deviation
#jq
jq
# 15-bit integers generated using the same formula as rand() from the Microsoft C Runtime. # The random numbers are in [0 -- 32767] inclusive. # Input: an array of length at least 2 interpreted as [count, state, ...] # Output: [count+1, newstate, r] where r is the next pseudo-random number. def next_rand_Microsoft: ....
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Random_numbers
Random numbers
Task Generate a collection filled with   1000   normally distributed random (or pseudo-random) numbers with a mean of   1.0   and a   standard deviation   of   0.5 Many libraries only generate uniformly distributed random numbers. If so, you may use one of these algorithms. Related task   Standard deviation
#Julia
Julia
randn(1000) * 0.5 + 1
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Random_number_generator_(included)
Random number generator (included)
The task is to: State the type of random number generator algorithm used in a language's built-in random number generator. If the language or its immediate libraries don't provide a random number generator, skip this task. If possible, give a link to a wider explanation of the algorithm used. Note: the task is not t...
#Ursa
Ursa
include c:\cxpl\codes; \intrinsic 'code' declarations int I; [RanSeed(12345); \set random number generator seed to 12345 for I:= 1 to 5 do [IntOut(0, Ran(1_000_000)); CrLf(0)]; ]
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Random_number_generator_(included)
Random number generator (included)
The task is to: State the type of random number generator algorithm used in a language's built-in random number generator. If the language or its immediate libraries don't provide a random number generator, skip this task. If possible, give a link to a wider explanation of the algorithm used. Note: the task is not t...
#Ursala
Ursala
include c:\cxpl\codes; \intrinsic 'code' declarations int I; [RanSeed(12345); \set random number generator seed to 12345 for I:= 1 to 5 do [IntOut(0, Ran(1_000_000)); CrLf(0)]; ]
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Random_number_generator_(included)
Random number generator (included)
The task is to: State the type of random number generator algorithm used in a language's built-in random number generator. If the language or its immediate libraries don't provide a random number generator, skip this task. If possible, give a link to a wider explanation of the algorithm used. Note: the task is not t...
#Wee_Basic
Wee Basic
include c:\cxpl\codes; \intrinsic 'code' declarations int I; [RanSeed(12345); \set random number generator seed to 12345 for I:= 1 to 5 do [IntOut(0, Ran(1_000_000)); CrLf(0)]; ]
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Random_number_generator_(included)
Random number generator (included)
The task is to: State the type of random number generator algorithm used in a language's built-in random number generator. If the language or its immediate libraries don't provide a random number generator, skip this task. If possible, give a link to a wider explanation of the algorithm used. Note: the task is not t...
#Wren
Wren
include c:\cxpl\codes; \intrinsic 'code' declarations int I; [RanSeed(12345); \set random number generator seed to 12345 for I:= 1 to 5 do [IntOut(0, Ran(1_000_000)); CrLf(0)]; ]
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Read_a_configuration_file
Read a configuration file
The task is to read a configuration file in standard configuration file format, and set variables accordingly. For this task, we have a configuration file as follows: # This is a configuration file in standard configuration file format # # Lines beginning with a hash or a semicolon are ignored by the application # pr...
#Lasso
Lasso
local(config = '# This is a configuration file in standard configuration file format # # Lines beginning with a hash or a semicolon are ignored by the application # program. Blank lines are also ignored by the application program.   # This is the fullname parameter   FULLNAME Foo Barber   # This is a favourite fruit FA...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Range_expansion
Range expansion
A format for expressing an ordered list of integers is to use a comma separated list of either individual integers Or a range of integers denoted by the starting integer separated from the end integer in the range by a dash, '-'. (The range includes all integers in the interval including both endpoints) The range s...
#Icon_and_Unicon
Icon and Unicon
procedure main() s := "-6,-3--1,3-5,7-11,14,15,17-20" write("Input string  := ",s) write("Expanded list  := ", list2string(range_expand(s)) | "FAILED") end   procedure range_expand(s) #: return list of integers extracted from an ordered string representation local R,low,high R := []   s ? until pos(0) do ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Read_a_file_line_by_line
Read a file line by line
Read a file one line at a time, as opposed to reading the entire file at once. Related tasks Read a file character by character Input loop.
#Icon_and_Unicon
Icon and Unicon
procedure main() f := open("input.txt","r") | stop("cannot open file ",fn) while line := read(f) close(f) end
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Read_a_file_line_by_line
Read a file line by line
Read a file one line at a time, as opposed to reading the entire file at once. Related tasks Read a file character by character Input loop.
#J
J
cocurrent 'linereader'   NB. configuration parameter blocksize=: 400000   NB. implementation offset=: 0 position=: 0 buffer=: '' lines=: ''   create=: monad define name=: boxxopen y size=: 1!:4 name blocks=: 2 <@(-~/\)\ ~. size <. blocksize * i. 1 + >. size % blocksize )   readblocks=: m...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Ranking_methods
Ranking methods
Sorting Algorithm This is a sorting algorithm.   It may be applied to a set of data in order to sort it.     For comparing various sorts, see compare sorts.   For other sorting algorithms,   see sorting algorithms,   or: O(n logn) sorts Heap sort | Merge sort | Patience sort | Quick sort O(n log2n) sorts Shell Sort ...
#Yabasic
Yabasic
  n = 7 dim puntos(7), ptosnom(7), nombre$(7)   sub MostarTabla() for i = 1 to n print str$(ptosnom(i)), " ", puntos(i), " ", nombre$(i) next i print end sub   print "Puntuaciones a clasificar (mejores primero):" for i = 1 to n read puntos(i), nombre$(i) print " ", puntos(i), " ", n...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Reverse_a_string
Reverse a string
Task Take a string and reverse it. For example, "asdf" becomes "fdsa". Extra credit Preserve Unicode combining characters. For example, "as⃝df̅" becomes "f̅ds⃝a", not "̅fd⃝sa". Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string  (assignment) Counting ...
#Pop11
Pop11
define reverse_string(s); lvars i, l = length(s); for i from l by -1 to 1 do s(i); endfor; consstring(l); enddefine;
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Queue/Definition
Queue/Definition
Data Structure This illustrates a data structure, a means of storing data within a program. You may see other such structures in the Data Structures category. Illustration of FIFO behavior Task Implement a FIFO queue. Elements are added at one side and popped from the other in the order of insertion. Operation...
#C
C
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h>   typedef int DATA; /* type of data to store in queue */ typedef struct { DATA *buf; size_t head, tail, alloc; } queue_t, *queue;   queue q_new() { queue q = malloc(sizeof(queue_t)); q->buf = malloc(sizeof(DATA) * (q->alloc = 4)); q->head = ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Quaternion_type
Quaternion type
Quaternions   are an extension of the idea of   complex numbers. A complex number has a real and complex part,   sometimes written as   a + bi, where   a   and   b   stand for real numbers, and   i   stands for the square root of minus 1. An example of a complex number might be   -3 + 2i,   wher...
#Crystal
Crystal
class Quaternion property a, b, c, d   def initialize(@a : Int64, @b : Int64, @c : Int64, @d : Int64) end   def norm; Math.sqrt(a**2 + b**2 + c**2 + d**2) end def conj; Quaternion.new(a, -b, -c, -d) end def +(n) Quaternion.new(a + n, b, c, d) end def -(n) Quaternion.new(a - n, b, c, d) ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Quine
Quine
A quine is a self-referential program that can, without any external access, output its own source. A   quine   (named after Willard Van Orman Quine)   is also known as:   self-reproducing automata   (1972)   self-replicating program         or   self-replicating computer program   self-reproducing program      ...
#Befunge
Befunge
:0g,:66+`#@_1+
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Queue/Usage
Queue/Usage
Data Structure This illustrates a data structure, a means of storing data within a program. You may see other such structures in the Data Structures category. Illustration of FIFO behavior Task Create a queue data structure and demonstrate its operations. (For implementations of queues, see the FIFO task.) Ope...
#Groovy
Groovy
def q = new LinkedList()
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Queue/Usage
Queue/Usage
Data Structure This illustrates a data structure, a means of storing data within a program. You may see other such structures in the Data Structures category. Illustration of FIFO behavior Task Create a queue data structure and demonstrate its operations. (For implementations of queues, see the FIFO task.) Ope...
#Haskell
Haskell
  Prelude> :l fifo.hs [1 of 1] Compiling Main ( fifo.hs, interpreted ) Ok, modules loaded: Main. *Main> let q = emptyFifo *Main> isEmpty q True *Main> let q' = push q 1 *Main> isEmpty q' False *Main> let q'' = foldl push q' [2..4] *Main> let (v,q''') = pop q'' *Main> v Just 1 *Main> let (v',q'''') = pop q''...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Read_a_specific_line_from_a_file
Read a specific line from a file
Some languages have special semantics for obtaining a known line number from a file. Task Demonstrate how to obtain the contents of a specific line within a file. For the purpose of this task demonstrate how the contents of the seventh line of a file can be obtained,   and store it in a variable or in memory   (fo...
#XPL0
XPL0
include c:\cxpl\codes; \intrinsic 'code' declarations def MaxLen = 82; \maximum length of line that can be stored (incl CR+LF)   func ReadLine(N, L); \Read line N from input file and return it in string L int N; char L; int I, C; [for I:= 1 to N-1 do \skip to start of specified line repeat C:=...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Read_a_specific_line_from_a_file
Read a specific line from a file
Some languages have special semantics for obtaining a known line number from a file. Task Demonstrate how to obtain the contents of a specific line within a file. For the purpose of this task demonstrate how the contents of the seventh line of a file can be obtained,   and store it in a variable or in memory   (fo...
#zkl
zkl
reg line; do(7){line=File.stdin.readln()} println(">>>",line);
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Quickselect_algorithm
Quickselect algorithm
Sorting Algorithm This is a sorting algorithm.   It may be applied to a set of data in order to sort it.     For comparing various sorts, see compare sorts.   For other sorting algorithms,   see sorting algorithms,   or: O(n logn) sorts Heap sort | Merge sort | Patience sort | Quick sort O(n log2n) sorts Shell Sort ...
#Go
Go
package main   import "fmt"   func quickselect(list []int, k int) int { for { // partition px := len(list) / 2 pv := list[px] last := len(list) - 1 list[px], list[last] = list[last], list[px] i := 0 for j := 0; j < last; j++ { if list[j] < pv { ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Range_extraction
Range extraction
A format for expressing an ordered list of integers is to use a comma separated list of either individual integers Or a range of integers denoted by the starting integer separated from the end integer in the range by a dash, '-'. (The range includes all integers in the interval including both endpoints) The range s...
#F.23
F#
let extractRanges = function | [] -> Seq.empty | x::xr -> let rec loop ys first last = seq { match ys with | y::yr when y = last + 1 -> yield! loop yr first y // add to current range | y::yr -> yield (first, last) // finish current range ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Random_numbers
Random numbers
Task Generate a collection filled with   1000   normally distributed random (or pseudo-random) numbers with a mean of   1.0   and a   standard deviation   of   0.5 Many libraries only generate uniformly distributed random numbers. If so, you may use one of these algorithms. Related task   Standard deviation
#Kotlin
Kotlin
// version 1.0.6   import java.util.Random   fun main(args: Array<String>) { val r = Random() val da = DoubleArray(1000) for (i in 0 until 1000) da[i] = 1.0 + 0.5 * r.nextGaussian() // now check actual mean and SD val mean = da.average() val sd = Math.sqrt(da.map { (it - mean) * (it - mean) }.a...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Random_number_generator_(included)
Random number generator (included)
The task is to: State the type of random number generator algorithm used in a language's built-in random number generator. If the language or its immediate libraries don't provide a random number generator, skip this task. If possible, give a link to a wider explanation of the algorithm used. Note: the task is not t...
#XPL0
XPL0
include c:\cxpl\codes; \intrinsic 'code' declarations int I; [RanSeed(12345); \set random number generator seed to 12345 for I:= 1 to 5 do [IntOut(0, Ran(1_000_000)); CrLf(0)]; ]
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Random_number_generator_(included)
Random number generator (included)
The task is to: State the type of random number generator algorithm used in a language's built-in random number generator. If the language or its immediate libraries don't provide a random number generator, skip this task. If possible, give a link to a wider explanation of the algorithm used. Note: the task is not t...
#zkl
zkl
ld a,r
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Random_number_generator_(included)
Random number generator (included)
The task is to: State the type of random number generator algorithm used in a language's built-in random number generator. If the language or its immediate libraries don't provide a random number generator, skip this task. If possible, give a link to a wider explanation of the algorithm used. Note: the task is not t...
#Z80_Assembly
Z80 Assembly
ld a,r
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Read_a_configuration_file
Read a configuration file
The task is to read a configuration file in standard configuration file format, and set variables accordingly. For this task, we have a configuration file as follows: # This is a configuration file in standard configuration file format # # Lines beginning with a hash or a semicolon are ignored by the application # pr...
#Liberty_BASIC
Liberty BASIC
  dim confKeys$(100) dim confValues$(100)   optionCount = ParseConfiguration("a.txt")   fullName$ = GetOption$( "FULLNAME", optionCount) favouriteFruit$ = GetOption$( "FAVOURITEFRUIT", optionCount) needsPeeling = HasOption("NEEDSPEELING", optionCount) seedsRemoved = HasOption("SEEDSREMOVED", optionCount) otherFamily$ =...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Range_expansion
Range expansion
A format for expressing an ordered list of integers is to use a comma separated list of either individual integers Or a range of integers denoted by the starting integer separated from the end integer in the range by a dash, '-'. (The range includes all integers in the interval including both endpoints) The range s...
#J
J
require'strings' thru=: <. + i.@(+*)@-~ num=: _&". normaliz=: rplc&(',-';',_';'--';'-_')@,~&',' subranges=:<@(thru/)@(num;._2)@,&'-';._1 rngexp=: ;@subranges@normaliz
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Read_a_file_line_by_line
Read a file line by line
Read a file one line at a time, as opposed to reading the entire file at once. Related tasks Read a file character by character Input loop.
#Java
Java
import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.FileReader;   /** * Reads a file line by line, processing each line. * * @author $Author$ * @version $Revision$ */ public class ReadFileByLines { private static void processLine(int lineNo, String line) { // ... }   public static void main(String[]...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Ranking_methods
Ranking methods
Sorting Algorithm This is a sorting algorithm.   It may be applied to a set of data in order to sort it.     For comparing various sorts, see compare sorts.   For other sorting algorithms,   see sorting algorithms,   or: O(n logn) sorts Heap sort | Merge sort | Patience sort | Quick sort O(n log2n) sorts Shell Sort ...
#zkl
zkl
fcn group(scores){ // group like scores into one list --> list of lists sink:=List(); scores.reduce('wrap(ps,sn,buf){ if(sn[0]!=ps){ sink.append(buf.copy()); buf.clear(); } buf+sn; sn[0]; },scores[0][0],buf:=List()); sink.append(buf); } fcn print(list,rank){ list.apply2('wrap(sn){ "%2s:...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Reverse_a_string
Reverse a string
Task Take a string and reverse it. For example, "asdf" becomes "fdsa". Extra credit Preserve Unicode combining characters. For example, "as⃝df̅" becomes "f̅ds⃝a", not "̅fd⃝sa". Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string  (assignment) Counting ...
#PostScript
PostScript
/reverse{ /str exch def /temp str 0 get def /i 0 def str length 2 idiv{ /temp str i get def str i str str length i sub 1 sub get put str str length i sub 1 sub temp put /i i 1 add def }repeat str pstack }def
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Queue/Definition
Queue/Definition
Data Structure This illustrates a data structure, a means of storing data within a program. You may see other such structures in the Data Structures category. Illustration of FIFO behavior Task Implement a FIFO queue. Elements are added at one side and popped from the other in the order of insertion. Operation...
#C.23
C#
public class FIFO<T> { class Node { public T Item { get; set; } public Node Next { get; set; } } Node first = null; Node last = null; public void push(T item) { if (empty()) { //Uses object initializers to set fields of new node first = new Node() { Item = item, Next = null }; ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Quaternion_type
Quaternion type
Quaternions   are an extension of the idea of   complex numbers. A complex number has a real and complex part,   sometimes written as   a + bi, where   a   and   b   stand for real numbers, and   i   stands for the square root of minus 1. An example of a complex number might be   -3 + 2i,   wher...
#D
D
import std.math, std.numeric, std.traits, std.conv, std.complex;     struct Quat(T) if (isFloatingPoint!T) { alias CT = Complex!T;   union { struct { T re, i, j, k; } // Default init to NaN. struct { CT x, y; } struct { T[4] vector; } }   string toString() const pure /*nothrow*/ ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Quine
Quine
A quine is a self-referential program that can, without any external access, output its own source. A   quine   (named after Willard Van Orman Quine)   is also known as:   self-reproducing automata   (1972)   self-replicating program         or   self-replicating computer program   self-reproducing program      ...
#Binary_Lambda_Calculus
Binary Lambda Calculus
000101100100011010000000000001011011110010111100111111011111011010000101100100011010000000000001011011110010111100111111011111011010
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Queue/Usage
Queue/Usage
Data Structure This illustrates a data structure, a means of storing data within a program. You may see other such structures in the Data Structures category. Illustration of FIFO behavior Task Create a queue data structure and demonstrate its operations. (For implementations of queues, see the FIFO task.) Ope...
#Icon_and_Unicon
Icon and Unicon
procedure main(arglist) queue := [] write("Usage:\nqueue x x x - x - - - - -\n\t- pops elements\n\teverything else pushes") write("Queue is:") every x := !arglist do { case x of { "-" : pop(queue) | write("pop(empty) failed.") # pop if the next arglist[i] is a - default : put(queue,x) ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Queue/Usage
Queue/Usage
Data Structure This illustrates a data structure, a means of storing data within a program. You may see other such structures in the Data Structures category. Illustration of FIFO behavior Task Create a queue data structure and demonstrate its operations. (For implementations of queues, see the FIFO task.) Ope...
#J
J
queue=: conew 'fifo' isEmpty__queue '' 1 push__queue 9 9 push__queue 8 8 push__queue 7 7 isEmpty__queue '' 0 pop__queue '' 9 pop__queue '' 8 pop__queue '' 7 isEmpty__queue '' 1
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Quickselect_algorithm
Quickselect algorithm
Sorting Algorithm This is a sorting algorithm.   It may be applied to a set of data in order to sort it.     For comparing various sorts, see compare sorts.   For other sorting algorithms,   see sorting algorithms,   or: O(n logn) sorts Heap sort | Merge sort | Patience sort | Quick sort O(n log2n) sorts Shell Sort ...
#Haskell
Haskell
import Data.List (partition)   quickselect :: Ord a => [a] -> Int -> a quickselect (x:xs) k | k < l = quickselect ys k | k > l = quickselect zs (k - l - 1) | otherwise = x where (ys, zs) = partition (< x) xs l = length ys   main :: IO () main = print ((fmap . quickselect) <*> zipWith const [0 ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Range_extraction
Range extraction
A format for expressing an ordered list of integers is to use a comma separated list of either individual integers Or a range of integers denoted by the starting integer separated from the end integer in the range by a dash, '-'. (The range includes all integers in the interval including both endpoints) The range s...
#Factor
Factor
USING: formatting io kernel math math.parser sequences splitting.monotonic ; IN: rosetta-code.range-extraction   : make-range ( seq -- str ) [ first ] [ last ] bi "%d-%d" sprintf ;   : make-atomic ( seq -- str ) [ number>string ] map "," join ;   : extract-range ( seq -- str ) [ - -1 = ] monotonic-split [ d...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Random_numbers
Random numbers
Task Generate a collection filled with   1000   normally distributed random (or pseudo-random) numbers with a mean of   1.0   and a   standard deviation   of   0.5 Many libraries only generate uniformly distributed random numbers. If so, you may use one of these algorithms. Related task   Standard deviation
#LabVIEW
LabVIEW
dim a(1000) mean =1 sd =0.5 for i = 1 to 1000 ' throw 1000 normal variates a( i) =mean +sd *( sqr( -2 * log( rnd( 0))) * cos( 2 * pi * rnd( 0))) next i
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Random_numbers
Random numbers
Task Generate a collection filled with   1000   normally distributed random (or pseudo-random) numbers with a mean of   1.0   and a   standard deviation   of   0.5 Many libraries only generate uniformly distributed random numbers. If so, you may use one of these algorithms. Related task   Standard deviation
#Liberty_BASIC
Liberty BASIC
dim a(1000) mean =1 sd =0.5 for i = 1 to 1000 ' throw 1000 normal variates a( i) =mean +sd *( sqr( -2 * log( rnd( 0))) * cos( 2 * pi * rnd( 0))) next i
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Read_a_configuration_file
Read a configuration file
The task is to read a configuration file in standard configuration file format, and set variables accordingly. For this task, we have a configuration file as follows: # This is a configuration file in standard configuration file format # # Lines beginning with a hash or a semicolon are ignored by the application # pr...
#Lua
Lua
conf = {}   fp = io.open( "conf.txt", "r" )   for line in fp:lines() do line = line:match( "%s*(.+)" ) if line and line:sub( 1, 1 ) ~= "#" and line:sub( 1, 1 ) ~= ";" then option = line:match( "%S+" ):lower() value = line:match( "%S*%s*(.*)" )   if not value then conf[option] = true else if not...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Range_expansion
Range expansion
A format for expressing an ordered list of integers is to use a comma separated list of either individual integers Or a range of integers denoted by the starting integer separated from the end integer in the range by a dash, '-'. (The range includes all integers in the interval including both endpoints) The range s...
#Java
Java
import java.util.*;   class RangeExpander implements Iterator<Integer>, Iterable<Integer> {   private static final Pattern TOKEN_PATTERN = Pattern.compile("([+-]?\\d+)-([+-]?\\d+)");   private final Iterator<String> tokensIterator;   private boolean inRange; private int upperRangeEndpoint; private i...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Read_a_file_line_by_line
Read a file line by line
Read a file one line at a time, as opposed to reading the entire file at once. Related tasks Read a file character by character Input loop.
#JavaScript
JavaScript
var fs = require("fs");   var readFile = function(path) { return fs.readFileSync(path).toString(); };   console.log(readFile('file.txt'));
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Read_a_file_line_by_line
Read a file line by line
Read a file one line at a time, as opposed to reading the entire file at once. Related tasks Read a file character by character Input loop.
#jq
jq
$ seq 0 5 | jq -R 'tonumber|sin' 0 0.8414709848078965 0.9092974268256817 0.1411200080598672 -0.7568024953079282 -0.9589242746631385
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Reverse_a_string
Reverse a string
Task Take a string and reverse it. For example, "asdf" becomes "fdsa". Extra credit Preserve Unicode combining characters. For example, "as⃝df̅" becomes "f̅ds⃝a", not "̅fd⃝sa". Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string  (assignment) Counting ...
#PowerBASIC
PowerBASIC
#DIM ALL #COMPILER PBCC 6   FUNCTION PBMAIN () AS LONG CON.PRINT STRREVERSE$("PowerBASIC") END FUNCTION
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Queue/Definition
Queue/Definition
Data Structure This illustrates a data structure, a means of storing data within a program. You may see other such structures in the Data Structures category. Illustration of FIFO behavior Task Implement a FIFO queue. Elements are added at one side and popped from the other in the order of insertion. Operation...
#C.2B.2B
C++
namespace rosettacode { template<typename T> class queue { public: queue(); ~queue(); void push(T const& t); T pop(); bool empty(); private: void drop(); struct node; node* head; node* tail; };   template<typename T> struct queue<T>::node { T data; node* next; ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Quaternion_type
Quaternion type
Quaternions   are an extension of the idea of   complex numbers. A complex number has a real and complex part,   sometimes written as   a + bi, where   a   and   b   stand for real numbers, and   i   stands for the square root of minus 1. An example of a complex number might be   -3 + 2i,   wher...
#Delphi
Delphi
unit Quaternions;   interface   type   TQuaternion = record A, B, C, D: double;   function Init (aA, aB, aC, aD : double): TQuaternion; function Norm : double; function Conjugate : TQuaternion; function ToString : string;   class operator Negative (Left : TQuater...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Quine
Quine
A quine is a self-referential program that can, without any external access, output its own source. A   quine   (named after Willard Van Orman Quine)   is also known as:   self-reproducing automata   (1972)   self-replicating program         or   self-replicating computer program   self-reproducing program      ...
#Bob
Bob
c=","; n="\n"; q="\""; s="\\"; v=\[ "c=\",\"; n=\"\\n\"; q=\"\\\"\"; s=\"\\\\\";", "v=\\[", "define prtQuote(str) {", " local j,t,v;", " stdout.Display(q);", " for (j=0; j<str.size; j++) {", " t = str.Substring(j,1);", " if (t==q) { stdout.Display(s); }", " if (t==s) { stdout.Display(s); }", " stdout.Display(t);", ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Queue/Usage
Queue/Usage
Data Structure This illustrates a data structure, a means of storing data within a program. You may see other such structures in the Data Structures category. Illustration of FIFO behavior Task Create a queue data structure and demonstrate its operations. (For implementations of queues, see the FIFO task.) Ope...
#Java
Java
import java.util.LinkedList; import java.util.Queue; ... Queue<Integer> queue = new LinkedList<Integer>(); System.out.println(queue.isEmpty()); // empty test - true // queue.remove(); // would throw NoSuchElementException queue.add(1); queue.add(2); queue.add(3); System.out.println(queue); // ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Queue/Usage
Queue/Usage
Data Structure This illustrates a data structure, a means of storing data within a program. You may see other such structures in the Data Structures category. Illustration of FIFO behavior Task Create a queue data structure and demonstrate its operations. (For implementations of queues, see the FIFO task.) Ope...
#JavaScript
JavaScript
var f = new Array(); print(f.length); f.push(1,2); // can take multiple arguments f.push(3); f.shift(); f.shift(); print(f.length); print(f.shift()) print(f.length == 0); print(f.shift());
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Quickselect_algorithm
Quickselect algorithm
Sorting Algorithm This is a sorting algorithm.   It may be applied to a set of data in order to sort it.     For comparing various sorts, see compare sorts.   For other sorting algorithms,   see sorting algorithms,   or: O(n logn) sorts Heap sort | Merge sort | Patience sort | Quick sort O(n log2n) sorts Shell Sort ...
#Icon_and_Unicon
Icon and Unicon
procedure main(A) every writes(" ",select(1 to *A, A, 1, *A)|"\n") end   procedure select(k,A,min,max) repeat { pNI := partition(?(max-min)+min, A, min, max) pD := pNI - min + 1 if pD = k then return A[pNI] if k < pD then max := pNI-1 else (k -:= pD, min := pNI+1) ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Range_extraction
Range extraction
A format for expressing an ordered list of integers is to use a comma separated list of either individual integers Or a range of integers denoted by the starting integer separated from the end integer in the range by a dash, '-'. (The range includes all integers in the interval including both endpoints) The range s...
#Forth
Forth
create values here 0 , 1 , 2 , 4 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 11 , 12 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , here swap - 1 cells / constant /values   : clip 1- swap cell+ swap ; \ reduce array : .range2 0 .r ." -" 0 .r ; ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Random_numbers
Random numbers
Task Generate a collection filled with   1000   normally distributed random (or pseudo-random) numbers with a mean of   1.0   and a   standard deviation   of   0.5 Many libraries only generate uniformly distributed random numbers. If so, you may use one of these algorithms. Related task   Standard deviation
#Lingo
Lingo
-- Returns a random float value in range 0..1 on randf () n = random(the maxinteger)-1 return n / float(the maxinteger-1) end
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Random_numbers
Random numbers
Task Generate a collection filled with   1000   normally distributed random (or pseudo-random) numbers with a mean of   1.0   and a   standard deviation   of   0.5 Many libraries only generate uniformly distributed random numbers. If so, you may use one of these algorithms. Related task   Standard deviation
#Lobster
Lobster
  let mean = 1.0 let stdv = 0.5 let count = 1000   // stats computes a running mean and variance // See Knuth TAOCP vol 2, 3rd edition, page 232   def stats(xs: [float]) -> float, float: // variance, mean var M = xs[0] var S = 0.0 var n = 1.0 for(xs.length - 1) i: let x = xs[i + 1] n = ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Read_a_configuration_file
Read a configuration file
The task is to read a configuration file in standard configuration file format, and set variables accordingly. For this task, we have a configuration file as follows: # This is a configuration file in standard configuration file format # # Lines beginning with a hash or a semicolon are ignored by the application # pr...
#Mathematica.2FWolfram_Language
Mathematica/Wolfram Language
ClearAll[CreateVar, ImportConfig]; CreateVar[x_, y_String: "True"] := Module[{}, If[StringFreeQ[y, ","] , ToExpression[x <> "=" <> y] , ToExpression[x <> "={" <> StringJoin@Riffle[StringSplit[y, ","], ","] <> "}"] ] ] ImportConfig[configfile_String] := Module[{data}, (*data = ImportString[configfil...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Range_expansion
Range expansion
A format for expressing an ordered list of integers is to use a comma separated list of either individual integers Or a range of integers denoted by the starting integer separated from the end integer in the range by a dash, '-'. (The range includes all integers in the interval including both endpoints) The range s...
#JavaScript
JavaScript
#!/usr/bin/env js   function main() { print(rangeExpand('-6,-3--1,3-5,7-11,14,15,17-20')); }   function rangeExpand(rangeExpr) {   function getFactors(term) { var matches = term.match(/(-?[0-9]+)-(-?[0-9]+)/); if (!matches) return {first:Number(term)}; return {first:Number(matches[1]), l...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Read_a_file_line_by_line
Read a file line by line
Read a file one line at a time, as opposed to reading the entire file at once. Related tasks Read a file character by character Input loop.
#Jsish
Jsish
/* Read by line, in Jsish */ var f = new Channel('read-by-line.jsi'); var line;   while (line = f.gets()) puts(line); f.close();
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Read_a_file_line_by_line
Read a file line by line
Read a file one line at a time, as opposed to reading the entire file at once. Related tasks Read a file character by character Input loop.
#Julia
Julia
open("input_file","r") do f for line in eachline(f) println("read line: ", line) end end
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Reverse_a_string
Reverse a string
Task Take a string and reverse it. For example, "asdf" becomes "fdsa". Extra credit Preserve Unicode combining characters. For example, "as⃝df̅" becomes "f̅ds⃝a", not "̅fd⃝sa". Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string  (assignment) Counting ...
#PowerShell
PowerShell
$s = "asdf"
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Queue/Definition
Queue/Definition
Data Structure This illustrates a data structure, a means of storing data within a program. You may see other such structures in the Data Structures category. Illustration of FIFO behavior Task Implement a FIFO queue. Elements are added at one side and popped from the other in the order of insertion. Operation...
#Clojure
Clojure
    user=> (def empty-queue clojure.lang.PersistentQueue/EMPTY) #'user/empty-queue user=> (def aqueue (atom empty-queue)) #'user/aqueue ; Check if queue is empty user=> (empty? @aqueue) true ; As with other Clojure data structures, you can add items using conj and into user=> (swap! aqueue conj 1) user=> (swap! aqueue ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Quaternion_type
Quaternion type
Quaternions   are an extension of the idea of   complex numbers. A complex number has a real and complex part,   sometimes written as   a + bi, where   a   and   b   stand for real numbers, and   i   stands for the square root of minus 1. An example of a complex number might be   -3 + 2i,   wher...
#E
E
interface Quaternion guards QS {} def makeQuaternion(a, b, c, d) { return def quaternion implements QS {   to __printOn(out) { out.print("(", a, " + ", b, "i + ") out.print(c, "j + ", d, "k)") }   # Task requirement 1 to norm() { return (a**2 + b**...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Quine
Quine
A quine is a self-referential program that can, without any external access, output its own source. A   quine   (named after Willard Van Orman Quine)   is also known as:   self-reproducing automata   (1972)   self-replicating program         or   self-replicating computer program   self-reproducing program      ...
#bootBASIC
bootBASIC
10 list
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Queue/Usage
Queue/Usage
Data Structure This illustrates a data structure, a means of storing data within a program. You may see other such structures in the Data Structures category. Illustration of FIFO behavior Task Create a queue data structure and demonstrate its operations. (For implementations of queues, see the FIFO task.) Ope...
#Julia
Julia
using DataStructures   queue = Queue(String) @show enqueue!(queue, "foo") @show enqueue!(queue, "bar") @show dequeue!(queue) # -> foo @show dequeue!(queue) # -> bar
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Queue/Usage
Queue/Usage
Data Structure This illustrates a data structure, a means of storing data within a program. You may see other such structures in the Data Structures category. Illustration of FIFO behavior Task Create a queue data structure and demonstrate its operations. (For implementations of queues, see the FIFO task.) Ope...
#Kotlin
Kotlin
// version 1.1.2   import java.util.*   fun main(args: Array<String>) { val q: Queue<Int> = ArrayDeque<Int>() (1..5).forEach { q.add(it) } println(q) println("Size of queue = ${q.size}") print("Removing: ") (1..3).forEach { print("${q.remove()} ") } println("\nRemaining in queue: $q") pr...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Quickselect_algorithm
Quickselect algorithm
Sorting Algorithm This is a sorting algorithm.   It may be applied to a set of data in order to sort it.     For comparing various sorts, see compare sorts.   For other sorting algorithms,   see sorting algorithms,   or: O(n logn) sorts Heap sort | Merge sort | Patience sort | Quick sort O(n log2n) sorts Shell Sort ...
#J
J
quickselect=:4 :0 if. 0=#y do. _ return. end. n=.?#y m=.n{y if. x < m do. x quickselect (m>y)#y else. if. x > m do. x quickselect (m<y)#y else. m end. end. )
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Quickselect_algorithm
Quickselect algorithm
Sorting Algorithm This is a sorting algorithm.   It may be applied to a set of data in order to sort it.     For comparing various sorts, see compare sorts.   For other sorting algorithms,   see sorting algorithms,   or: O(n logn) sorts Heap sort | Merge sort | Patience sort | Quick sort O(n log2n) sorts Shell Sort ...
#Java
Java
import java.util.Random;   public class QuickSelect {   private static <E extends Comparable<? super E>> int partition(E[] arr, int left, int right, int pivot) { E pivotVal = arr[pivot]; swap(arr, pivot, right); int storeIndex = left; for (int i = left; i < right; i++) { if (arr[i].compareTo(pivotVal) < 0) ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Range_extraction
Range extraction
A format for expressing an ordered list of integers is to use a comma separated list of either individual integers Or a range of integers denoted by the starting integer separated from the end integer in the range by a dash, '-'. (The range includes all integers in the interval including both endpoints) The range s...
#Fortran
Fortran
SUBROUTINE IRANGE(TEXT) !Identifies integer ranges in a list of integers. Could make this a function, but then a maximum text length returned would have to be specified. CHARACTER*(*) TEXT !The list on input, the list with ranges on output. INTEGER LOTS !Once again, how long is a piece of string? ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Random_numbers
Random numbers
Task Generate a collection filled with   1000   normally distributed random (or pseudo-random) numbers with a mean of   1.0   and a   standard deviation   of   0.5 Many libraries only generate uniformly distributed random numbers. If so, you may use one of these algorithms. Related task   Standard deviation
#Logo
Logo
to random.float  ; 0..1 localmake "max.int lshift -1 -1 output quotient random :max.int :max.int end   to random.gaussian output product cos random 360 sqrt -2 / ln random.float end   make "randoms cascade 1000 [fput random.gaussian / 2 + 1 ?] []
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Random_numbers
Random numbers
Task Generate a collection filled with   1000   normally distributed random (or pseudo-random) numbers with a mean of   1.0   and a   standard deviation   of   0.5 Many libraries only generate uniformly distributed random numbers. If so, you may use one of these algorithms. Related task   Standard deviation
#Lua
Lua
local list = {} for i = 1, 1000 do list[i] = 1 + math.sqrt(-2 * math.log(math.random())) * math.cos(2 * math.pi * math.random()) / 2 end
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Read_a_configuration_file
Read a configuration file
The task is to read a configuration file in standard configuration file format, and set variables accordingly. For this task, we have a configuration file as follows: # This is a configuration file in standard configuration file format # # Lines beginning with a hash or a semicolon are ignored by the application # pr...
#MATLAB_.2F_Octave
MATLAB / Octave
function R = readconf(configfile) % READCONF reads configuration file. % % The value of boolean parameters can be tested with % exist(parameter,'var')   if nargin<1, configfile = 'q.conf'; end;   fid = fopen(configfile); if fid<0, error('cannot open file %s\n',a); end;   while ~feof(fid) line = strtrim(f...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Range_expansion
Range expansion
A format for expressing an ordered list of integers is to use a comma separated list of either individual integers Or a range of integers denoted by the starting integer separated from the end integer in the range by a dash, '-'. (The range includes all integers in the interval including both endpoints) The range s...
#jq
jq
def expand_range: def number: "-?[0-9]+"; def expand: [range(.[0]; .[1] + 1)];   split(",") | reduce .[] as $r ( []; . + ($r | if test("^\(number)$") then [tonumber] else sub( "(?<x>\(number))-(?<y>\(number))"; "\(.x):\(.y)") | split(":") | map(tonumber) | e...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Range_expansion
Range expansion
A format for expressing an ordered list of integers is to use a comma separated list of either individual integers Or a range of integers denoted by the starting integer separated from the end integer in the range by a dash, '-'. (The range includes all integers in the interval including both endpoints) The range s...
#Jsish
Jsish
#!/usr/bin/env jsish "use strict";   /* Range expansion, in Jsish */ function rangeExpand(rangeExpr) {   function getFactors(term) { var matches = term.match(/(-?[0-9]+)-(-?[0-9]+)/); if (!matches) return {first:Number(term)}; return {first:Number(matches[1]), last:Number(matches[2])}; ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Read_a_file_line_by_line
Read a file line by line
Read a file one line at a time, as opposed to reading the entire file at once. Related tasks Read a file character by character Input loop.
#Kotlin
Kotlin
// version 1.1.2   import java.io.File   fun main(args: Array<String>) { File("input.txt").forEachLine { println(it) } }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Read_a_file_line_by_line
Read a file line by line
Read a file one line at a time, as opposed to reading the entire file at once. Related tasks Read a file character by character Input loop.
#Lasso
Lasso
local(f) = file('foo.txt') handle => {#f->close} #f->forEachLine => {^ #1 '<br>' // note this simply inserts an HTML line break between each line. ^}
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Reverse_a_string
Reverse a string
Task Take a string and reverse it. For example, "asdf" becomes "fdsa". Extra credit Preserve Unicode combining characters. For example, "as⃝df̅" becomes "f̅ds⃝a", not "̅fd⃝sa". Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string  (assignment) Counting ...
#Prolog
Prolog
reverse("abcd", L), string_to_list(S,L).
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Queue/Definition
Queue/Definition
Data Structure This illustrates a data structure, a means of storing data within a program. You may see other such structures in the Data Structures category. Illustration of FIFO behavior Task Implement a FIFO queue. Elements are added at one side and popped from the other in the order of insertion. Operation...
#CoffeeScript
CoffeeScript
  # Implement a fifo as an array of arrays, to # greatly amortize dequeue costs, at some expense of # memory overhead and insertion time. The speedup # depends on the underlying JS implementation, but # it's significant on node.js. Fifo = -> max_chunk = 512 arr = [] # array of arrays count = 0   self = enq...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Quaternion_type
Quaternion type
Quaternions   are an extension of the idea of   complex numbers. A complex number has a real and complex part,   sometimes written as   a + bi, where   a   and   b   stand for real numbers, and   i   stands for the square root of minus 1. An example of a complex number might be   -3 + 2i,   wher...
#Eero
Eero
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>   interface Quaternion : Number // Properties -- note that this is an immutable class. double real, i, j, k {readonly} end   implementation Quaternion   initWithReal: double, i: double, j: double, k: double, return instancetype self = super.init if self _real = real...