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With the death of Duke Charles IV of Anjou, Anjou reverts to the French crown under Louis XI of France. December 26 – Battle of Westbroek: Holland defeats the troops of Utrecht. Date unknown The Constitució de l'Observança is approved by the Catalan Courts, establishing the submission of royal power to the laws of the ... | succeeded by his son John (1481–1513). June 21 – The papal bull Aeterni Regis grants all land south of the Canary Islands to Portugal. July 24 – Fire destroys the roof and the spires of Reims Cathedral. August 29 – John II of Portugal starts to rule in his own right. September 10 – Alphonso II of Naples recaptures the ... |
by the Turks, but will be Eastern Orthodox Christians. Also, the Turks are not allowed to build mosques, to be buried, to own land or to settle in the country. The Florentine Republic begins to be dismantled, and the Medici Family comes back into power. The word masque is first used to denote a poetic drama. Possible d... | of the League of Cambrai: Ferdinand II of Aragon sends Don Fadrique de Toledo, to complete the Spanish conquest of Iberian Navarre. October 19 – Martin Luther becomes a doctor of theology (Doctor in Biblia). October 21 – Martin Luther joins the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg. November 1 – The ceili... |
surrendered to him a few days earlier. Sten Sture's widow Christina Gyllenstierna, who has led the fight after Sten's death, and all other persons in the resistance against the Danes, are granted amnesty and are pardoned for their involvement in the resistance. September 22 – Suleiman I succeeds his father Selim I as S... | II Fernández de Córdoba, Governor of the Duchy of Milan (d. 1578) August 1 – King Sigismund II Augustus of Poland (d. 1572) August 10 – Madeleine of Valois, queen of James V of Scotland (d. 1537) August 21 – Bartholomäus Sastrow, German official (d. 1603) August 31 – Heinrich Sudermann, German politician (d. 1591) Sept... |
reaches Leiden. September 7 – Suleiman the Magnificent dies in his tent at the siege of Szigetvár, and Selim II succeeds him as Sultan of the Ottoman Empire. September 8 – The siege of Szigetvár ends in battle, with 2,300 Hungarian and Croatian defenders, including their general, Nikola Šubić Zrinski, annihilated by an... | with 2,300 Hungarian and Croatian defenders, including their general, Nikola Šubić Zrinski, annihilated by an army of 90,000 soldiers of the Ottoman Empire, under Sokollu Mehmed Pasha. Date unknown The Spanish gold escudo, worth 16 silver reales, is first minted during the reign of Philip II of Spain. Pope Pius V expel... |
of the fabled city of El Dorado. May 18 – The Treaty of Teusina brings to an end the Russo-Swedish War (1590–95). May 24 – The Nomenclator of Leiden University Library appears, the first printed catalog of an institutional library. May 29 – George Somers and Amyas Preston travel to aid Raleigh's El Dorado expedition bu... | O.S.) – Combined Taungoo–Lan Na armies break the rebel Thado Dhamma Yaza's siege of Taungoo, in modern-day Myanmar. April 15 – Sir Walter Raleigh travels up the Orinoco River, in search of the fabled city of El Dorado. May 18 – The Treaty of Teusina brings to an end the Russo-Swedish War (1590–95). May 24 – The Nomencl... |
of England is held in Westminster Abbey. July–December July 17 or July 19 – Sir Walter Raleigh is arrested for treason. July 25 – James I is crowned as King of England in Westminster Abbey. Ceremonies are limited because of plague. August 17 – The Accademia dei Lincei, the oldest scientific academy in the world, is fou... | to replace him. Johann Bayer publishes the star atlas Uranometria, the first to cover the entire celestial sphere. The earliest of eight companies that will eventually merge to form the Kikkoman Corporation, the ubiquitous producers of soy sauce, is founded in Japan. Births January–March January 3 – Paul Stockmann, Ger... |
Prince-Archbishop of Salzburg (b. 1559) January 17 – Faust Vrančić, Croatian inventor (b. 1551) January 28 – Karl II, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels, Duke of Oels and Duke of Bernstadt (b. 1545) February 3 – Prospero Alpini, Italian physician and botanist from the Republic of Venice (b. 1553) February 8 – Edward Talbot, 8th ... | (d. 1681) December 4 – Federico Visconti, Cardinal Archbishop of Milan (d. 1693) December 9 – Richard Lovelace, English poet (d. 1657) December 22 – Charles I Louis, Elector Palatine (d. 1680) December 23 – Magdalene Sibylle of Saxony, Crown Princess of Denmark (d. 1668) December 25 – Jean de Coligny-Saligny, French no... |
Portuguese nun (d. 1723) April 23 – Wolfgang William Romer, Dutch military engineer (d. 1713) April 26 – Frederick, Count of Nassau-Weilburg, ruling Count of Nassau-Weilburg (1655-1675) (d. 1675) April 30 – Nicolas Letourneux, French preacher, ascetical writer (d. 1686) May 31 – Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki, King of Pol... | (1623–1640) as Sultan of the Ottoman Empire. March 8–13 – Siege of Galle: Dutch troops take the strategic fortress at Galle, Sri Lanka from the Portuguese. April 13 – The Short Parliament assembles, as King Charles I of England attempts to fund the second of the Bishops' Wars. May 5 – The Short Parliament is dissolved.... |
to Switzerland. January 8 – Richard Talbot, 1st Earl of Tyrconnell, is appointed as the last Lord Deputy of Ireland by the English crown, and begins efforts to include more Roman Catholic Irishmen in the administration. Upon the removal of King James II in England and Scotland, the Earl of Tyrconnell loses his job and ... | that washes away the city of Pisco and causes severe damage to the Spanish colonial cities of Lima, Callao and Ica. October 31 &n dash; The legend of the Charter Oak begins as a successful attempt to hide the 1662 Royal Charter of the British colony (and now a U.S. state) of Connecticut] after Edmund Andros, the Govern... |
for a large amount of money and sanctuary in Istanbul. December 22 – Patrick Sarsfield and 19,000 troops of the Irish Army who had been supporters of the Jacobite Rebellion leave the country and relocate to France. Date unknown Michel Rolle invents Rolle's theorem, an essential theorem of mathematics. The Khalkha submi... | by surrendering the fortress of Gramvousa, on the island of Crete to the Ottoman Turks, in return for a large amount of money and sanctuary in Istanbul. December 22 – Patrick Sarsfield and 19,000 troops of the Irish Army who had been supporters of the Jacobite Rebellion leave the country and relocate to France. Date un... |
fleet to be a group of merchant ships to attack. February 6 – Mustafa II (1664 – 1703) succeeds his uncle, Ahmed II as Sultan of the Ottoman Empire. March 10 – Almost all French Army soldiers in a column of 1,300 troops, commanded by Brigadier General Urbain Le Clerc de Juigné, are killed or captured in the Battle of S... | capital market. The Great Famine of 1695–1697 begins as the Great Famine of Estonia (1695–97) in Swedish Estonia and spreads across Finland, Latvia, Norway and Sweden, while the "seven ill years" of famine in Scotland are ongoing. Births February 2 – William Borlase, English naturalist (d. 1772) February 6 – Nicolaus I... |
so-called Bavarian Rummel had invaded Tyrol, besiege Kufstein. Fires break out on the outskirts that engulf the town, destroy it and reach the powder store of the supposedly impregnable fortress. The enormous gunpowder supplies explode and Kufstein has to surrender on 20 June. That same day the Tyrolese surrender in Wö... | American revivalist preacher (d. 1758) October 6 – Louis de Beaufort, French-Dutch historian known for his critical approach to the history of Rome (d. 1795) October 7 – Frederick, Hereditary Prince of Baden-Durlach, German hereditary prince (d. 1732) October 13 Andrea Belli, Maltese architect and businessman (d. 1772)... |
captures Tabriz from the Ottoman Empire, bringing an end to the Western Persia Campaign, the first major action in the Ottoman–Persian War (1730–1735). Tabriz becomes a permanent part of Iran. Nader leaves the city four days later to begin the Herat Campaign of 1731. August 25 – French Protestant Marie Durand is impris... | The 1730 papal conclave to elect a new Pope for the Roman Catholic church begins with 30 Cardinals, 12 days after the death of Pope Benedict XIII. By the time his successor is elected on July 12, there are 56 Cardinals. March 9 – General Nader Khan of Persia opens the first campaign of the Ottoman–Persian War (1730–173... |
encompass all of the British North American colonies except for Georgia and Nova Scotia. The plan, to be considered by the individual colonies for ratification, provides for an inter-colonial legislature (the Grand Council) composed of between two and seven representatives for each colony, depending on population. It a... | with Connecticut opposing. The plan approved at the meeting in Albany, New York is based on Benjamin Franklin's suggestions of "a general union of the British colonies on the continent" for a common defense policy. As amended at the assembly, the proposed union calls for the British Parliament to approve the arrangemen... |
of 20,000 of the pilgrims. Those who are not killed outright die later in the desert from thirst and starvation. According to one Arabic source, the largest attack takes place on 10 Safar 1171 A.H. (October 24, 1757) October 30 – Osman III dies, and is succeeded as Ottoman Sultan by Mustafa III. October 31 – News of th... | Church, along with "all books teaching the earth's motion and the sun's immobility". Other works of heliocentrists Galileo, Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler, Diego de Zúñiga and Paolo Foscarini remain on the list. In the wake of public unrest in France, the King's Council issues a decree that bars anyone from writi... |
congregation, Essex Street Chapel, is founded in London by Theophilus Lindsey. April 19 – The premiere of Iphigénie en Aulide by Christoph Willibald Gluck sparked a huge controversy, almost a war, such as has not been seen in Paris since the Querelle des Bouffons. May 10 – Louis XVI becomes King of France, following th... | April 17 – The first avowedly Unitarian congregation, Essex Street Chapel, is founded in London by Theophilus Lindsey. April 19 – The premiere of Iphigénie en Aulide by Christoph Willibald Gluck sparked a huge controversy, almost a war, such as has not been seen in Paris since the Querelle des Bouffons. May 10 – Louis ... |
person in the world to burn anthracite coal as residential heating fuel. February 21 The Finnish War begins as Russian troops cross the border into Finland without a declaration of war. Russia issues an ultimatum to Sweden, to join Napoleon's Continental System against the United Kingdom. March 1 – The slave trade is a... | the death of Christian VII, Frederick VI becomes king of Denmark. The next day (March 14), Denmark declares war on Sweden. March 19 – Charles IV of Spain abdicates in favor of his son, Ferdinand VII. March 22 Russian troops occupy Turku in Finland. English Wars: Battle of Zealand Point – British ships defeat those of D... |
as a town Galveston, Texas is incorporated. Episcopal High School (Alexandria, Virginia) is founded in Alexandria, Virginia as the first high school in Virginia. Births January–June January 2 – Gustave Trouvé, French electrical engineer, inventor (d. 1902) January 8 – William A. Clark, American politician, entrepreneur... | Louis Daguerre. January 6 – Night of the Big Wind: Ireland is struck by the most damaging cyclone in 300 years. January 9 – The French Academy of Sciences announces the daguerreotype photography process. January 19 – British forces capture Aden. January 20 – Battle of Yungay: Chile defeats the Peru–Bolivian Confederati... |
British Museum in London, designed by Robert Smirke, and the Altes Museum in Berlin, designed by Karl Friedrich Schinkel. The Oxford Union is founded as a student debating society in England. Fort Borbon changes its name to Fuerte Olimpo. Births January–June January 1 – Sándor Petőfi, Hungarian poet, revolutionary (d. ... | Constitution of 1812. October–December October 5 – Medical journal The Lancet is founded by Thomas Wakley in London. October 22 - Simón Bolívar writes to Paraguayan dictator José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia to release his friend Aimé Bonpland. Otherwise, an invasion would take place. José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia ne... |
from January 1, 1690, | January 1, 1690, to December |
from January 1, | 1680, to December |
1st Earl of Antrim of Ireland (?-1636), nobleman and Scots-Irish politician Sir Henry Mainwaring of England (1587?–1653), pirate and English naval officer François de Malherbe of France (1555–1628), poet and literary critic Man Gui of China (?–1629), general and main commander of the Chinese army following the death of... | backed candidate to the throne of the Duchy of Mantua Ivan Cherkassky of Russia (1580?-1642), boyar and head of the Treasury, Streletsky Prikaz and Aptekarsky Prikaz, in office 1621–1622 (as Treasurer), 1622–23 (as head of the Streletsky Prikaz and Aptekarsky Prikaz) Jan Karol Chodkiewicz of Poland (1560–1621), militar... |
15 François Blondel, French architect (d. 1686) Ippolito Lante Montefeltro della Rovere, Italian nobleman and Duke of Bomarzo (d. 1688) June 24 – Philip Packer, British barrister and architect (d. 1686) June 28 – Jean Le Pautre, French designer and engraver (d. 1682) July–September July 6 – Alexander Lindsay, 1st Earl ... | Alexander Lindsay, 1st Earl of Balcarres, Scottish politician and noble (d. 1659) July 17 Willem Ogier, Flemish playwright (d. 1689) George Stewart, 9th Seigneur d'Aubigny, Scottish nobleman and military commander (d. 1642) July 21 – Hayashi Gahō, Japanese philosopher (d. 1688) July 22 – Johan Nieuhof, Dutch traveler w... |
Luís. October 27 – Ratifications are exchanged in London on the first London Naval Treaty signed in April, modifying the Washington Naval Treaty of 1925. Its arms limitation provisions go into effect immediately, hence putting more limits on the expensive naval arms race between its five signatories (the United Kingdom... | American economy. December 7 – The television station W1XAV in Boston broadcasts video and audio from the radio orchestra program The Fox Trappers. This broadcast also includes the first television commercial in the United States, an advertisement for the I. J. Fox Furriers Company, which sponsored the telecast. Decemb... |
Empire Winter/Spring: The Caesar Maximian defeats the Bagaudae rebellion in Gaul. He then defeats a Germanic invasion into Gaul, defeating an army of Burgundians and Alemanni and another army of Chaibones and Heruli. Emperor Diocletian campaigns successfully against Sarmatian raids. The future emperor Constantius defea... | rewards Maximian by elevating him to co-emperor, giving him the title Augustus. Summer: Carausius, commander of the Classis Britannica, is accused of piracy by Maximian and is sentenced to death. He responds by declaring himself emperor of Britain and Northwestern Gaul. His forces consist of the newly built Roman fleet... |
October 29 – Mount Hood (Oregon) is named after British Admiral Lord Hood by Lt. William Broughton of the Vancouver Expedition, who spots the mountain near the mouth of the Willamette River. November 6 War of the First Coalition: Battle of Jemappes – Austrian armies under the command of Duke Albert of Saxe-Teschen are ... | (d. 1848) February 15 – Floride Calhoun, Second Lady of the United States (d. 1866) February 17 – Karl Ernst von Baer, German naturalist (d. 1876) February 29 – Gioachino Rossini, Italian composer (d. 1868) March 3 – Johann Karl Ludwig Gieseler, German church historian (d. 1854) March 4 Isaac Lea, American conchologist... |
a solemn promise from Zeno not to shed their blood. Basiliscus is sent to a fortress in Cappadocia, where he later dies from starvation. August 23 – Odoacer, age 43, is proclaimed rex Italiae ("king of Italy") by his troops. He leads his Ostrogoth army into the Po Valley, and advances to Ravenna while plundering the co... | the countryside. August 28 – Orestes is arrested by Odoacer near Piacenza, and swiftly executed. September 4 – Romulus Augustulus, Roman usurper of the Western Roman Empire, is deposed by Odoacer at Ravenna. Odoacer spares the boy's life and gives him a pension of 6,000 solidi, but exiles him to the "Castellum Lucullan... |
and the future site of the capital of the United States. The move comes after the bill is narrowly approved on July 1 by the Senate, 14 to 12, and on July 9 by the House, 32 to 29. At the same time, plans are made to move the national capital from New York to Philadelphia until the Potomac River site can be completed. ... | rowing craft are sunk and 22 are taken. July 10 — The U.S. House of Representatives votes, 32-29 to approve creating the District of Columbia from portions of Maryland and Virginia for the eventual seat of government and national capital. July 12 – French Revolution: The Civil Constitution of the Clergy is passed. This... |
and the other by Nehemiah Bourne; the result is inconclusive. June 13 – George Fox preaches to a large crowd on Firbank Fell in England, leading to the establishment of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers). July–December August 26 – First Anglo-Dutch War: Battle of Plymouth – A fleet from the England attacks an o... | (d. 1699) January 17 – Claude-Guy Hallé, French painter (d. 1736) February 6 – Francesco Pignatelli, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1734) February 13 Anton Domenico Gabbiani, Italian painter (d. 1726) August, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (d. 1689) February 14 – Camille d'Hostun, duc de Tallard, Marshal of ... |
the Northern Cape, his first posting in Africa. July 5 – Thomas Cook arranges his first railway excursion, in England. July 17 – The first edition of the humorous magazine Punch is published in London. July 18 (Sunday) Emperor Pedro II of Brazil is crowned in Rio de Janeiro. The sixth bishop of Calcutta, Daniel Wilson,... | of Brazil (d. 1913) February 16 – Armand Guillaumin, French painter, lithographer (d. 1927) February 24 – Carl Gräbe, German chemist (d. 1927) February 25 – Pierre-Auguste Renoir, French painter (d. 1919) March 1 – Luigi Luzzatti, Italian financier, economist, philosopher, and jurist, 20th Prime Minister of Italy (d. 1... |
The Income Tax Act establishes the first peacetime income tax in the United Kingdom; 7 pence in the pound, for incomes over 150 pounds. May 19 – Dorr Rebellion: Militiamen supporting Thomas Wilson Dorr attack the arsenal in Providence, Rhode Island, but are repulsed. June 4 – In South Africa, hunter Dick King rides int... | British military base in Grahamstown, to warn that the Boers have besieged Durban (he had left 11 days earlier). The British army dispatches a relief force. June 13 – Queen Victoria becomes the first reigning British monarch to travel by train, on the Great Western Railway between Slough and London Paddington station. ... |
becomes an autonomous duchy as part of the Lands of the Hungarian Crown. Tallinn, the capital of Estonia, is first marked on the world map by Muhammad al-Idrisi. Africa Normans conduct a series of raids in North Africa, including Annaba (modern Algeria) and the Nile Delta. England October 25 – King Stephen dies after a... | short illness at Dover. He is succeeded by Henry of Anjou, the son of Queen Matilda. December 19 – The 21-year-old Henry II is crowned as sole ruler of England along with his wife Eleanor of Aquitaine. The Bull Ring, a commercial market centre, is founded by Peter de Bermingham at Birmingham. By topic Art and Culture J... |
Council of Tours: Albigensians are named and condemned as heretics. Loccum Abbey in Hanover is founded as a Cistercian house, by Cornwall. The Guanfuchang salt-fields (官富場) in Hong Kong (nowadays To Kwa Wan, Kowloon Bay, Kwun Tong and Lam Tin districts) are first officially operated by the Song dynasty. The first stone... | Yoshitoki, Kamakura regent (d. 1224) As-Salih Ismail al-Malik, ruler of Syria (d. 1181) Ibn al-Qabisi (d. 1235) Deaths January 14 – King Ladislaus II of Hungary (b. 1131) February 10 – King Baldwin III of Jerusalem (b. 1130) date unknown Constance of Antioch, ruler of Antioch (b. 1127) - or possibly early 1164 Abd al-M... |
began on January 1, 1160, and ended on December 31, 1169. Significant | decade of the Julian Calendar which began on |
impose the death sentence and Lord Stafford is beheaded on 29 December (8 January 1681 N.S.) Date unknown Chambers of Reunion (French courts under Louis XIV) decide on the complete annexation of Alsace. The first Portuguese governor is appointed to Macau. Johann Pachelbel writes his Canon in D Major Births January 23 –... | Duke of Saxe-Gotha, who had died in 1675. The oldest son, Frederick, receives Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg. The rest is divided among Albert (Duke of Saxe-Coburg); Bernhard (Saxe-Meiningen); Henry (Saxe-Römhild); Christian (Saxe-Eisenberg); Ernest (Saxe-Hildburghausen); and John Ernest (Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld). March 24 – The Ea... |
territory of Mexico, later the New Mexico Territory in the United States, and then the U.S. State of New Mexico. Births January–March January 23 – François Mansart, French architect (d. 1666) March 12 – Guillaume Colletet, French writer (d. 1659) March 13 – Johannes Loccenius, German historian (d. 1677) March 15 – Rede... | fleet of Admiral Wybrand Van Warwyck, three ships under Jacob Corneliszoon van Neck land on the island which they name Mauritius, after Maurice, Prince of Orange, and sight the dodo. December 16 (November 19 (lunar calendar)) – Battle of Noryang: An allied Korean and Chinese fleet under Korean Admiral Yi Sun-sin and Ch... |
Africa, with the loss of 372 of the 378 people on board. June June 9 – The Final Act of the Congress of Vienna is signed: A new European political situation is set. The German Confederation and Congress Poland are created, and the neutrality of Switzerland is guaranteed. Also, Luxembourg declares independence from the ... | the South Atlantic Ocean. September September 23 – The Great September Gale of 1815 is the first hurricane to strike New England in 180 years. September 26 – Austria, Prussia and Russia sign a Holy Alliance, to uphold the European status quo. October October – Robert Adams, American sailor and the first Westerner to vi... |
and XV Apollinaris) on the western side and a fourth (X Fretensis) on the Mount of Olives to the east. He puts pressure on the food and water supplies of the inhabitants by allowing pilgrims to enter the city to celebrate Passover and then refusing them egress. About April 21 – Titus opens a full-scale assault on Jerus... | mile voyage from Alexandria averages 13 days. The vessels often carry 1,000 tons each to provide the city with the 8,000 tons per week it normally consumes. Sextus Julius Frontinus is praetor of Rome. Legio II Adiutrix is created from marines of Classis Ravennatis. Pliny the Elder serves as procurator in Gallia Narbone... |
The 1630s decade ran | to December 31, 1639. |
Dutch theologian (d. 1708) February 16 – Shubael Dummer, American Congregational church minister (d. 1692) March 1 – Giacinto Camillo Maradei, Italian Catholic prelate, Bishop of Policastro (d. 1705) March 8 – Robert Kerr, 1st Marquess of Lothian (d. 1703) March 13 – Ulrik Huber, Dutch philosopher (d. 1694) March 25 – ... | (d. 1705) December 27 – William Whitelock, English gentleman, Member of Parliament (d. 1717) date unknown Mary Rowlandson, American author and captive during King Philip's War (d. 1711) George Etherege, English playwright (d. 1692) Deaths January 11 – Dodo Knyphausen, Swedish military leader (b. 1583) January 16 – Quee... |
it was known as year 94 Ab urbe condita . The denomination 660 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for | prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events Extreme solar particle event comparable with the event detected at AD 774/775 February 11 - The accession date of the first Emperor of Japan, Emperor Jimmu, converted from the Japanese imperial year as calculated by the dates in the Nihon Shoki. Births Deaths Duke Che... |
to war if necessary. Date unknown The Russian Empire changes its flag. William M. Tweed begins his 13-year term as "Boss" of Tammany Hall. The haute couture firm of Worth and Bobergh is established in Paris. The Miners Association is established in Cornwall, England, UK. Feudalism and serfdom in Bulgaria are abolished ... | January 11 – Harry Gordon Selfridge, American department store magnate (d. 1947) January 13 – Oskar Minkowski, Lithuanian physician (d. 1931) January 21 – Anna Bowman Dodd, American author (d. 1929) January 22 – Frederick Lugard, 1st Baron Lugard, English soldier, explorer and colonial administrator (d. 1945) January 2... |
– Stella Maris Church, Sliema on Malta becomes a parish, seceding from the Parish of St. Helen's in Birkirkara. Date unknown U.S. arbitration rejects Argentine claims to Paraguay's part of the Chaco region. Otto von Bismarck abandons his Kulturkampf, and forces through legislation outlawing the Social Democrats. The 10... | Alstyne, American songwriter, pianist (d. 1951) Peter D. Ouspensky, Russian philosopher (d. 1947) Arishima Takeo, Japanese novelist, short-story writer and essayist (d. 1923) March 5 – P. D. Ouspensky, Russian mathematician (d. 1947) March 7 – Boris Kustodiev, Soviet painter and designer (d. 1927) March 16 Reza Shah Pa... |
Ray, American singer (d. 1990) Otto Stich, member of the Swiss Federal Council (d. 2012) January 13 – Sydney Brenner, South African biologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2019) January 15 – Kirti Nidhi Bista, Nepali politician, three times prime minister (d. 2017) January 17 – Eartha Kitt, African-American singer, actress... | Picture Arts and Sciences, which will create the Academy Awards, is founded in the United States. May 12 – British police officers raid the office of the Soviet trade delegation in London. May 17 – U.S. Army aviation pioneer Major Harold Geiger dies in the crash of his Airco DH.4 airplane, at Olmsted Field, Pennsylvani... |
when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire The Roman synod exiles the prophet Jerome, who has incorporated ideas first propounded by the Roman statesman Cicero. He departs for Egypt, Bethlehem, and Jerusalem, accompanied by the Christian asceti... | Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire The Roman synod exiles the prophet Jerome, who has incorporated ideas first propounded by the Roman statesman Cicero. He departs for Egypt, Bethlehem, and Jerusalem, accompanied by the Christian ascetic Paula, who w... |
Mercia overruns a large portion of Somerset, and wrests the county from Wessex control (approximate date). Asia Battle of the Defile: An Umayyad relief army (28,000 men) is sent to Samarkand (modern Uzbekistan), which is besieged by the Turgesh. The Muslims are ambushed near the Zarafshan Range, at the Tashtakaracha Pa... | (approximate date). Asia Battle of the Defile: An Umayyad relief army (28,000 men) is sent to Samarkand (modern Uzbekistan), which is besieged by the Turgesh. The Muslims are ambushed near the Zarafshan Range, at the Tashtakaracha Pass.Kennedy (2007), p. 285 The battle results in a Pyrrhic victory, with heavy casualtie... |
papacy of Rome. Britain Vikings raid Bangor (modern Wales) for the second time, and plunder the bishopric (approximate date). Japan Zenpuku-ji, one of the oldest Tokyo temples, is founded by the Japanese Buddhist monk Kūkai. By topic Religion February 11 – Pope Paschal I dies after a 7-year reign, and is succeeded by E... | was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe Battle of Roncevaux Pass: The Basques and Banu Qasi defeat a Frankish expedition, led by Counts Aznar and Ebles, in the Pyrenees. Iñigo Arista revolts against the Frankish Empire, and establishes the ... |
Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi's army of over 14,000, ending the Ethiopian–Adal war. March King Gustav Vasa's troops crush the forces of Swedish peasant rebel Nils Dacke in battle, ending the uprising. Dacke escapes, but is captured and killed in the summer. Consolidating Act of Welsh Union: The Parliament of England estab... | ending the uprising. Dacke escapes, but is captured and killed in the summer. Consolidating Act of Welsh Union: The Parliament of England establishes counties and regularises parliamentary representation in Wales. April – Campaign of Suleiman: Suleiman the Magnificent, Ottoman Sultan, revives the Little War in Hungary.... |
in which thousands die. February 27 – Lutheran princes in the Holy Roman Empire form an alliance known as the Schmalkaldic League. February or March – Battle of Antukyah: Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi of the Adal Sultanate defeats the Ethiopian army. April – Battle of Puná: Francisco Pizarro defeats the island's native in... | – Viceroy Thado Minsaw of Ava (d. 1584) June 1 – János Zsámboky, Hungarian scholar (d. 1584) July 17 – Antoine de Créqui Canaples, French Catholic cardinal (d. 1574) July 22 – Leonhard Thurneysser, German scholar and quack at the court of John George, Elector of Brandenburg (d. 1595) September 2 – Francesco Cattani da ... |
Italian possessions of the French throne, and Austria and the Duchy of Savoy trade Sicily for Sardinia. May 25 – The British privateer Speedwell, captained by George Shelvocke, is wrecked on the uninhabited island of Más a Tierra, the same island where Alexander Selkirk was marooned for five years; the island off of th... | to the Italian possessions of the French throne, and Austria and the Duchy of Savoy trade Sicily for Sardinia. May 25 – The British privateer Speedwell, captained by George Shelvocke, is wrecked on the uninhabited island of Más a Tierra, the same island where Alexander Selkirk was marooned for five years; the island of... |
and Spanish forces. December 8 – The Great New Orleans Fire (1794) burns over 200 buildings in the French Quarter. December 23 – St. Louis Cathedral, New Orleans is dedicated. Date unknown The Ayrshire (Earl of Carrick's Own) Yeomanry, a British Yeomanry Cavalry Regiment, is formed by the Earl of Cassillis at Culzean C... | French Revolution's Reign of Terror. August – Colombian Antonio Nariño is denounced as a traitor after he translates and publishes the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. August 1 – Aristocrats in Sweden gather to mourn the demise of coffee after the beverage is forbidden by royal decree. August... |
Buenos Aires. August 2 – In Quito, Ecuador, 200 citizens are slaughtered in the Royal barracks and the surrounding streets, by royalist troops. August 6 – The city of Santa Cruz de Mompox, in modern-day Colombia, declares independence from the Spanish Empire. August 20–27 – Battle of Grand Port: The French totally defe... | The Republic of West Florida declares independence from Spain. September 26 – A new Act of Succession is adopted by the Riksdag of the Estates, and Jean Baptiste Bernadotte becomes heir to the Swedish throne. October–December October – King George III of the United Kingdom is deemed permanently insane. October 12 – Fir... |
1812 – Battle of Chippawa: American Major General Jacob Brown defeats British General Phineas Riall at Chippawa, Ontario. July 7 – Walter Scott's Waverley, his first prose fiction and one of the first significant historical novels in English, is published anonymously by Archibald Constable in Edinburgh, selling out in ... | Río de la Plata (covering nearly all of modern-day Argentina, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay), surrenders the city of Montevideo to independence fighters, led by General Carlos María de Alvear. June 21 – The secret Eight Articles of London are signed between the Great Powers, uniting the Low Countries under William I of t... |
are victorious against those from other parts of the Kenya coast. Births January 6 – Melchora Aquino, Filipino revolutionary hero (d. 1919) January 13 – Victor de Laprade, French poet, critic (d. 1883) February 3 – William Fraser Tolmie, Scottish-Canadian scientist, politician (d. 1886) February 7 – Charles Dickens, En... | destruction of an invader." October–December October 9 – War of 1812: American naval forces under Lieutenant Jesse Duncan Elliott capture two British warships, and . October 12 – The capital of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, United States is permanently moved from Lancaster to Harrisburg. October 13 – War of 1812 – ... |
first reigning British monarch to make this, rather than St James's Palace, her London home. August 16 – The Dutch sack the fortress of Bonjol, Indonesia, ending the Padri War. September 19 – First Carlist War: Battle of Aranzueque – The liberal forces loyal to Queen Isabel II of Spain are victorious, ending the Carlis... | Gamble begin selling their first manufactured goods (soap and candles) in Cincinnati, Ohio. April 24–26 – The great fire in Surat city of India caused more than 500 deaths and destruction of more than 9000 houses. May – W. F. Cooke and Charles Wheatstone patent a system of electrical telegraph. May 10 – The Panic of 18... |
(d. 1910) April 15 – Henry James, American novelist (d. 1916) April 17 – Camillo Sitte, Austrian architect (d. 1903) April 18 – Josiah Wood, Canadian lawyer, entrepreneur, mayor, parliamentarian, and the 13th Lieutenant Governor of the province of New Brunswick (d. 1927) April 21 – Walther Flemming, German biologist (d... | purchases for $900 the land that will become Abbeville, Louisiana, a town founded by descendants of Acadians from Nova Scotia. August 1 – Brazil becomes the second country, after Great Britain, to issue nationally valid postage stamps, with the release of its Bull's Eye series. August 19 – Edgar Allan Poe's short story... |
United Kingdom recognizes the independence of the Transvaal. February 3 – Battle of Caseros, Argentina: The Argentine provinces of Entre Rios and Corrientes, allied with Brazil and members of Colorado Party of Uruguay, defeat Buenos Aires troops under Juan Manuel de Rosas. February 11 – The first British public toilet ... | first president is Horace Mann). Mills College is founded as the Young Ladies Seminary in Benicia, California. The French Catholic De La Salle Brothers arrive from Europe in Singapore, aboard La Julie, and sail up to Penang in the Straits Settlements, to found the first Lasallian educational institutions in Asia. Justi... |
guided tours. June 4 – French President Charles de Gaulle visits Algeria. June 8 – The is launched; she will be the largest Lake freighter for more than a dozen years. June 15 – Pizza Hut is founded by Dan and Frank Carney, in Wichita, Kansas. June 16 – Imre Nagy and other leaders of the failed Hungarian Revolution of ... | the collectivization process at his residence in Olcsvar, Slovakia. July 12 The Beatles, at this time known as The Quarrymen, pay 17 shillings and 6 pence to have their first recording session where they record Buddy Holly's "That'll Be the Day" and "In Spite of All the Danger", a song written by Paul McCartney and Geo... |
Anthony Hall fraternity is founded at Columbia University, New York City. January 30 – Yerba Buena, California is renamed San Francisco. February 5 – A rescue effort, called the First Relief, leaves Johnson's Ranch to save the ill-fated Donner Party (California-bound emigrants who became snowbound in the Sierra Nevada ... | county seat is moved to the new town. Welfare in Sweden takes its first step with the introduction of the 1847 års fattigvårdförordning. Cartier, a luxury brand in France, is founded. Births January January 5 – Oku Yasukata, Japanese field marshal, leading figure in the early Imperial Japanese Army (d. 1930) January 7 ... |
of the same name, receives its charter from Indiana. February 27 – The Dominican Republic gains independence from Haiti. February 28 – A gun on the USS Princeton explodes while the boat is on a Potomac River cruise, killing two United States Cabinet members and several others. March 8 King Oscar I ascends to the throne... | and landscape painter (d. 1924) February 14 – Robert Themptander, 4th Prime Minister of Sweden (d. 1897) February 20 Joshua Slocum, Canadian-born American seaman and adventurer (d. 1909) Ludwig Boltzmann, Austrian physicist (d. 1906) February 21 – Charles-Marie Widor, French organist, composer (d. 1937) February 26 – H... |
Charles V of France is succeeded by his twelve-year-old son, Charles VI. October 2 – Caterina Visconti marries her first cousin, Gian Galeazzo Visconti, later Duke of Milan, at the Church of San Giovanni in Conca. November 3 – Charles VI of France, who succeeded his father (Charles V of France) in September, is crowned... | Horde. Karim Al-Makhdum arrives in Jolo, and builds a mosque. The Hongwu Emperor purges the chancellor of China, Hu Weiyong, and abolishes that office, as he imposes direct imperial rule over the six ministries of central government, for the Ming Empire. The last islands of Polynesia are discovered and inhabited. The C... |
great nobles, organized as the League of the Public Weal. July 18 – Former King Henry VI of England is captured by Yorkist forces. On July 24 he is imprisoned in the Tower of London. His queen consort Margaret of Anjou and Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales, have fled to France. August 11 – In Sweden, Regent Kettil... | and southern China motivates the initial construction of hundreds of new bridges. The main altar of St Martin's Church, Colmar is finished by painter Caspar Isenmann. Births January 1 – Lachlan Cattanach Maclean, 11th Chief, Scottish clan chief (d. 1523) February 4 – Frans van Brederode, Dutch rebel (d. 1490) February ... |
Rome. He died of malaria while lobbying for the excommunication of King Henry VIII for heresy. October 2 – Jacques Cartier reaches the island in the Saint Lawrence River, that eventually becomes Montreal. October 4 – The first complete English-language Bible is printed in Antwerp, with translations by William Tyndale a... | the walls around Jerusalem. Paracelsus visits Bad Pfäfers. Births February 11 – Pope Gregory XIV (d. 1591) January 7 – Edward Stafford, 3rd Baron Stafford, English baron (d. 1603) February 24 – Eléanor de Roucy de Roye, French noble (d. 1564) February 27 – Min Phalaung, Burmese monarch (d. 1593) February 28 – Cornelius... |
warlord (d. 1600) Olaus Martini, Archbishop of Uppsala (d. 1609) Thomas Morley, English composer (d. 1602) Oda Nobutada, Japanese general (d. 1582) probable – Giovanni Gabrieli, Italian composer and organist (d. 1612) Deaths January 2 – Pontormo, Italian painter (b. 1494) January 4 – Philip, Duke of Mecklenburg, (b. 15... | Palatine of Zweibrücken-Vohenstrauss-Parkstein (d. 1597) May 5 – Emanuel Philibert de Lalaing, Belgian noble and army commander (d. 1590) May 31 – Tsar Feodor I of Russia (d. 1598) June 10 – Leandro Bassano, Italian painter (d. 1622) June 28 – Philip Howard, 20th Earl of Arundel, English nobleman (d. 1595) August 16 – ... |
the Second War of Religion in France. Again Catherine de' Medici and Charles IX make substantial concessions to the Huguenots. May 2 – Mary, Queen of Scots, escapes from Loch Leven Castle. May 13 – Battle of Langside: The forces of Mary, Queen of Scots are defeated by a confederacy of Scottish Protestants, under James ... | de Ulúa (Anglo-Spanish War): In the Gulf of Mexico, a Spanish fleet forces English privateers under John Hawkins to end their campaign. September 29 – The Swedish king Eric XIV is deposed by his half-brothers John and Charles. John proclaims himself king John III the next day. October 5 – William I of Orange invades th... |
"the best explanation of the true causes of electricity including their theory" to Switzerland's Johann Euler for his paper Disquisitio de causa physica electricitatis.<ref>"Hallerstein and Gruber's Scientific Heritage", by Stanislav Joze Juznic, in The Circulation of Science and Technology: Proceedings of the 4th Inte... | Codman in front of a large crowd outside the Middlesex County Courthouse in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Phyllis is burned to death. Mark's execution by hanging is made as an example to other African slaves in the Province of Massachusetts Bay. His body is transported to Charlestown Common in what is now Somerville and di... |
at the Palace of Fontainebleau. December 27 – The Flushing Remonstrance is signed in New Amsterdam, at the site of the future (1862) Flushing Town Hall in New York. Date unknown The Accademia del Cimento is founded in Florence, Italy. England's first chocolate house is opened in London and introduction of tea in Englan... | Italian architect and painter (d. 1743) August 18 – Antonio Margil, Spanish Franciscan missionary in North and Central America (d. 1726) September 14 – Sir Charles Blois, 1st Baronet, English politician (d. 1738) September 17 – Pieter Schuyler, British colonial military leader, acting governor of New York (d. 1724) Sep... |
days until February 28 (O.S. February 16), 1900. Events World population approaches the 1 billion milestone which it will attain in 1802. The population distribution by region: Africa: 107,000,000 Asia: 635,000,000 China: 300–400,000,000 Europe: 203,000,000 Latin America: 24,000,000 Northern America: 7,000,000 Oceania:... | the Irish Parliament passes similar legislation in the following month, uniting the two kingdoms and abolishing the Parliament of Ireland. July 10 – Fort William College is established by Lord Wellesley, British Governor-General of India, in Calcutta, to promote Bengali, Hindi and other vernaculars of the Indian subcon... |
on orders of Napoleon Bonaparte. October 16 – The port of New Orleans and the lower Mississippi River are closed to American traffic by order of the city's Spanish administrator, Juan Ventura Morales, threatening the economy in the western United States, and prompting the need for the Louisiana Purchase. November 16 – ... | Consul of France. September 11 – The Italian region of Piedmont becomes a part of the French First Republic. October–December October 2 – War ends between Sweden and Tripoli. The United States also negotiates peace, but war continues over the size of compensation. October 15 – French Army General Michel Ney enters Swit... |
17 – Napoleonic Wars – Second Battle of Kulm: The Allied Coalition is victorious; Napoleon is forced to halt his advance on Teplitz, and withdraw to Leipzig. October–December October 2 – The Philomathean Society of the University of Pennsylvania is founded (the oldest continuously existing literary society in the Unite... | Peters, née Bowley, English hymn writer (d. 1856) April 19 – David Settle Reid, American politician (d. 1891) April 23 – Stephen A. Douglas, American Senator from Illinois, Presidential candidate (d. 1861) May 5 – Søren Kierkegaard, Danish philosopher (d. 1855) May 15 – Stephen Heller, Hungarian composer (d. 1888) May ... |
leaves port at Savannah, Georgia, on a voyage to become the first steamship to cross the Atlantic Ocean, although only a fraction of the trip will be made under steam. The ship arrives at Liverpool, England, nearly a month later, on June 20. May 22 – The city of Memphis, Tennessee, is founded. June 16 – The 7.7–8.2 Ran... | Griper through an iceberg-laden passage that will later be named the Parry Channel. July 24 – A cabinet meeting is convened by British Prime Minister Lord Liverpool to discuss an investigative report of an adulterous affair involving the wife of George, Prince of Wales and regent for his ailing father. Despite reports ... |
November 16 – American Old West: The Santa Fe Trail is first used by William Becknell. November 28 – Panama declares independence from Spain, joining Gran Colombia. December 1 – History of the Dominican Republic: On the Caribbean island of Hispaniola, General José Núñez de Cáceres ends the España Boba era of Spanish ru... | (d. 1877) July 16 – Mary Baker Eddy, American founder of Christian Science (d. 1910) July 17 – Friedrich Engelhorn, German industrialist and founder of BASF (d. 1902) July 18 – Lucy Smith Millikin, early Latter Day Saint and sister of Joseph Smith (d. 1882) July 18 – Pauline Viardot, French mezzo-soprano, composer (d. ... |
Ferdinand Cheval begins to build his Palais Idéal at Hauterives in France. April 5 – War of the Pacific: Chile formally declares war on Bolivia and Peru. April 12 – Mary Baker Eddy founds the Church of Christ, Scientist in Boston, Massachusetts. April 26 – The National Park, later renamed the Royal National Park, is de... | of God). September – Henry George self-publishes his major work Progress and Poverty. September 8 – A fire in The Octagon, Dunedin (New Zealand) claims 12 victims. September 19 – The Blackpool Illuminations are switched on for the first time. September 25 – A fire in Deadwood, South Dakota leaves 2,000 people homeless ... |
October – Lothair I, co-emperor and eldest son of Louis I, marries Ermengarde in Thionville (north-eastern France). She is the daughter of Count Hugh of Tours. Britain King Coenwulf of Mercia dies in Basingwerk near Holywell (Wales), while preparing for another assault on Powys, and is buried in Winchcombe Abbey. He is... | is buried in Winchcombe Abbey. He is briefly succeeded by his son Cynehelm, but he is killed, probably fighting the Welsh, though supposedly through the treachery of his sister Cwenthryth. The Mercian throne passes to Coenwulf's brother, Ceolwulf I. Abbasid Caliphate By the time Al-Ma'mun became caliph, the Arabs and t... |
Treaty of Compiègne: King Charles the Bald cedes the Cotentin Peninsula to Salomon, duke ('king') of Brittany, after he had sent his son-in-law Pascweten to negotiate a peace. Charles orders the fortification of the cities of Tours, Le Mans and Compiègne. Bořivoj I declares himself duke (knyaz) of Bohemia, and founds t... | Tours, Le Mans and Compiègne. Bořivoj I declares himself duke (knyaz) of Bohemia, and founds the Přemyslid Dynasty (approximate date). Britain Vikings or "Danes" (the two terms were often used interchangeably at the time), comprising the Great Heathen Army, advance northward from bases in the Kingdom of East Anglia, in... |
21 – Battle of Seminara: Spanish forces under Fernando de Andrade de las Mariñas defeat the French under Bernard Stewart, 4th Lord of Aubigny. April 21 – Battle of Cerignola: Spanish forces under Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba defeat the French under Louis d'Armagnac, Duke of Nemours, who is killed (considered to be the ... | final stage of English Gothic art. February 13 – Challenge of Barletta: Thirteen Italian knights defeat thirteen French knights, near Barletta. February 23 – French–Spanish Wars in Italy – Battle of Ruvo: The Spanish defeat the French. April 21 – Battle of Seminara: Spanish forces under Fernando de Andrade de las Mariñ... |
defeated by the Florentine–Imperial army. August 12 – Battle of Renty: French forces led by Francis, Duke of Guise turn back an invasion of Picardy, by Charles V. November – English captain John Lok voyages to Guinea. Date unknown Mikael Agricola becomes the bishop of Turku. Saadi conquer the Kingdom of Fez. Exact cent... | Josias I, Count of Waldeck, Count of Waldeck-Eisenberg (1578-1588) (d. 1588) March 22 – Catherine de Parthenay, French noblewoman and mathematician (d. 1631) March 26 – Charles of Lorraine, Duke of Mayenne, French military leader (d. 1611) March 28 – Tsarevich Ivan Ivanovich of Russia (d. 1581) March 30 – Paul Laurenti... |
February 7 – Vittoria della Rovere, Italian noble (d. 1694) February 15 – Adam Pynacker, Dutch painter (d. 1673) February 21 – Camillo Francesco Maria Pamphili, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1666) February 24 – Johannes Clauberg, German theologian and philosopher (d. 1665) February 25 – Christian Louis, Duke of Brunswi... | Battle of Macau: The outnumbered Portuguese forces successfully defend Macau from the Dutch fleet, keeping a Portuguese foothold in the Far East. July–December July 13 – Thirty Years' War: After Mansfeld fails to relieve the siege of Heidelberg, Frederick V of the Palatinate cancels Mansfeld's contract and disbands his... |
legal corporation in the Americas). June 23 – Claimant King Charles II of England, Scotland and Ireland arrives in Scotland (at Garmouth), the only one of the three kingdoms that has accepted him as ruler. July–December August 13 – Colonel George Monck forms Monck's Regiment of Foot, forerunner of the Coldstream Guards... | corporation in the Americas). June 23 – Claimant King Charles II of England, Scotland and Ireland arrives in Scotland (at Garmouth), the only one of the three kingdoms that has accepted him as ruler. July–December August 13 – Colonel George Monck forms Monck's Regiment of Foot, forerunner of the Coldstream Guards. Sept... |
boundary between them. The first German colonists (the future Transylvanian Saxon community) arrive in Transylvania, following grants by Geza II of Hungary. The colonization process is completed in 1162. The Italian winemaking company Ricasoli is founded. Births Malcolm IV, King of Scotland (d. 1165) Nizami Ganjavi, Pe... | and Southern Song dynasty sign the Treaty of Shaoxing, and peace in the Jin–Song Wars lasts for the next twenty years. The Huai River is established as the boundary between them. The first German colonists (the future Transylvanian Saxon community) arrive in Transylvania, following grants by Geza II of Hungary. The col... |
carrying out his contract to be paid for lighting an oil lamp "at every tenth house on main streets between 6 PM and midnight between September 29 and March 25" on nights in the autumn and winter without adequate moonlight. October–December October 22 – Louis XIV of France issues the Edict of Fontainebleau, which revok... | (part of the Great Turkish War): The Ottoman serasker Halil Pasha invades the Mani Peninsula, and forces it to surrender hostages. March 28 – An attack on a Mughal Empire envoy, Khwajah Abdur Rahim, outside of the Maratha fortress at the Bijapur Fort in India leads to a siege of the city by the forces of Mughal Emperor... |
190-word invitation, translated into various European languages, that invites Europeans to build settlements along arable, but undeveloped, land in southern Russia along the Volga River; when the invitation attracts little notice, she follows on July 22 with a longer manifesto promising free travel expenses and a writt... | for which they are residing in France, whether they have been baptized as Christians, where they emigrated from in Africa and the name of the ship upon which they arrived. Previously, the Declaration of 1738 required slave-owners to register their slaves, but placed no requirement on free people. May 5 (April 24 O.S.) ... |
October 9 – Battle of Schleiz: French and Prussian forces fight for the first time since the war began. The Prussian army is easily defeated by a more numerous French force. October 14 – Battle of Jena–Auerstedt: Napoleon defeats the Prussian army of Prince Hohenlohe at Jena, while Marshal Davout defeats the main Pruss... | Pike leads an expedition from Fort Bellefontaine, to explore the American West. July 18 – 1806 Birgu polverista explosion: A gunpowder magazine explosion in Birgu, Malta kills around 200 people. July 23 – British invasions of the River Plate: A British expeditionary force of 1,700 men lands on the left bank of the Río ... |
(it will be made famous by Woody Guthrie, in his "dust bowl ballads"). April 15 – The Roerich Pact, a Pan-American treaty on the protection of cultural artefacts, is signed in Washington, D.C. April 17 – Sun Myung Moon, a teenage Presbyterian convert in Korea under Japanese rule, claims to have a revelation from Jesus,... | 2019) January 25 – António Ramalho Eanes, 16th President of Portugal January 29 – Roger Payne, American biologist and environmentalist January 30 Richard Brautigan, American writer (d. 1984) Elsa Martinelli, Italian film actress (d. 2017) January 31 – Kenzaburō Ōe, Japanese writer, Nobel Prize laureate February Februar... |
– Ed Hobaugh, American Major League Baseball player June 28 Asker Abiyev, Azerbaijani mathematician Bette Greene, American author (d. 2020) Carl Levin, United States Senator from Michigan (d. 2021) Michael Artin, American mathematician June 29 – Susan George, American and French political, social scientist, activist an... | Yakubu Gowon, Nigerian politician October 20 Empress Michiko, Empress consort of Japan Timothy West, English actor October 24 – Tony Walton, British set and costume designer October 28 – Martin van der Borgh, Dutch cyclist (d. 2018) October 29 – Richard, 6th Prince of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg (d. 2017) October 30 – ... |
March 29 – Karen Ann Quinlan, American right-to-die cause célèbre (d. 1985) April April 1 Dieter Müller, German soccer player Jeff Porcaro, American drummer, songwriter (Toto) (d. 1992) April 2 – Susumu Hirasawa, Japanese musician April 4 Mary-Margaret Humes, American actress Tom Ruegger, American animator, screenwrite... | points, or 0.86 percent, closing at an all-time high of 382.74. More significantly, this is the first time the Dow has surpassed its peak level, reached just before the Wall Street Crash of 1929. November 30 – In Sylacauga, Alabama, a four-kilogram piece of the Hodges Meteorite crashes through the roof of a house and b... |
of Wollo, Ethiopian army commander and Ras of Wollo (d. 1918) Deaths January–March January 17 – Elizabeth Simcoe, English-born wife of John Graves Simcoe (b. 1762) January 2 – Manuel de la Peña y Peña, interim President of Mexico (b. 1789) January 20 – Adam Gottlob Oehlenschläger, Danish poet, playwright (b. 1779) Janu... | (d. 1916) July–August July 2 – Robert Ridgway, American ornithologist (d. 1929) July 11 – Annie Armstrong, American missionary leader (d. 1938) July 15 – Frances Xavier Cabrini, American saint (d. 1917) July 18 – Rose Hartwick Thorpe, American poet (d. 1939) July 31 Robert Love Taylor, American congressman, senator and... |
of William the Conqueror), who asserts his claim to the throne in opposition to claims by Henry's daughter Matilda (prolonged in a civil war known as The Anarchy). December 26 – Stephen of Blois is crowned at Westminster Abbey in London by Archbishop William de Corbeil. Matilda (pregnant with child) and her husband Geo... | against Castile and León. October – Conrad III, duke of Franconia, gives up his title as King of Italy in opposition with Lothair III. He receives a pardon and recovers his estates. Pisans in the service of the Holy See (Diocese of Rome) sack the city of Amalfi. A Moorish fleet raids the Catalan port-town of Elna (Sout... |
king of Bulgaria by Pope Innocent III, after the creation of the Bulgarian Uniate church. Valdemar II of Denmark is recognized as king in Norway. Angers and Normandy are captured by Philip II of France. The Cistercian convent of Port-Royal-des-Champs is established. The district of Cham becomes subject to Bavaria. Herm... | Empire a week after his election by the members of the Fourth Crusade. Theodore I Laskaris flees to Nicaea after the capture of Constantinople, and establishes the Empire of Nicaea; Byzantine successor states are also established in Epirus and Trebizond. Boniface I, Marquis of Montferrat, a leader of the Fourth Crusade... |
Persian Empire The Persian King Xerxes I arrives at Sardis and begins to build up his great army and navy for the invasion of Greece. Egypt contributes 481 ships. Greece The Congress at the Isthmus of Corinth, under the presidency of Sparta, brings together a number of the Greek city states, who agree to the end of the... | the Spring and Autumn Annals ceases. It gives way to the Warring States period. Rome The Aequi lay siege to Ortona but are defeated by the Romans. Tensions between the Roman classes flare during the battle. Continuation of hostilities with Veii. The Veientine army threatens to besiege Rome but nothing notable occurs. T... |
Republic Third Servile War: Spartacus, a Thracian gladiator, escapes with around 70 slave-gladiators from a gladiator school at Capua. They defeat a small Roman force and equip themselves with captured military equipment as well with gladiatorial weapons. Spartacus and his band of gladiators plunder the region surround... | pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Lucullus and Longinus (or, less frequently, year 681 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 73 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for nami... |
a humiliating peace. Antonius dies in office the same year and is awarded, posthumously, with the cognomen Creticus. Nessebar in modern-day Bulgaria comes under Roman rule. Births Wang Zhengjun, Chinese empress of the Han Dynasty (d. AD 13) Deaths Castus, Gallic gladiator and rebel leader Gannicus, Celtic gladiator and... | along the Via Appia. Marcus Antonius is defeated by the Cretans, who have made an alliance with the pirates. He is compelled to conclude a humiliating peace. Antonius dies in office the same year and is awarded, posthumously, with the cognomen Creticus. Nessebar in modern-day Bulgaria comes under Roman rule. Births Wan... |
the siege, but is defeated. October 15 – The University of Tartu officially opens, in Swedish Livonia. October 30 – Henri II de Montmorency, is executed for his participation in the rebellion of Gaston, Duke of Orléans, against French king Louis XIII. November 8 – Wladyslaw IV Waza is elected king of the Polish–Lithuan... | the state religion of the country again to be Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, and confiscates the lands of the Jesuit missionaries, relegating them to Fremona. June 30 – The University of Tartu is founded. June – Eighty Years' War: Leading a Dutch army, Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange captures in short succession th... |
of Pompeii is rediscovered after its loss following the eruption of Mount Vesuvius. Births January–June January 1 – Barthélemy Vimont, French missionary (d. 1667) January 7 – Vincenzo II Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua, Italian duke and Catholic cardinal (d. 1627) January 12 – Gregers Krabbe, Governor-general of Norway (d. 165... | field marshal of the Holy Roman Empire in the Thirty Years' War (d. 1632) June 3 – César, Duke of Vendôme, French nobleman (d. 1665) June 11 – Thomas Cromwell, 1st Earl of Ardglass, English nobleman (d. 1653) June 23 – Thomas Tyrrell, English judge and politician (d. 1672) June – Nicolas Poussin, French painter (d. 166... |
field marshal (d. 1662) March 25 – Evliya Çelebi, Ottoman Turk, travelled around the Ottoman Empire for 40 years (d. 1682) March 28 Magdalena Elisabeth of Hanau, German noblewoman (d. 1687) Henry Sherburne, American colonist (d. 1680) April–June April 11 – Karl Eusebius, Prince of Liechtenstein (d. 1684) April 17 – Sim... | of Trinidad (Nicotiana tabacum); the native tobacco is Nicotiana rustica. The Aix-en-Provence possessions takes place in France. Famine in Ethiopia resulting from crop failure due to weather conditions and the outbreak of a plague. Thomas Dale founds the city of Henricus on the James River, a few miles south of present... |
1534) March 20 – Cecily of York, English princess (d. 1507) November 29 – Guru Nanak, Indian Sikh guru (d. 1539) April 29 – William II, Landgrave of Hesse (d. 1509) May 3 – Niccolò Machiavelli, Italian historian and political author (d. 1527) May 31 – King Manuel I of Portugal (d. 1521) June 20 – Gian Galeazzo Sforza, ... | calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events <onlyinclude> January–December February 4 – Battle of Qarabagh: Uzun Hasan decisively defeats the Timurids of Abu Sa'id Mirza. July 26 – Battle of Edgecote Moor: The Yorkists are defeated and King Edward IV of England is taken prisoner. August – October: Caister Castle in Englan... |
The 1520s decade ran | January 1, 1520, |
surviving Knights, who are allowed to evacuate. They eventually re-settle on Malta, and become known as the Knights of Malta. Date unknown The third edition of Erasmus's Greek Textus Receptus of the New Testament, Novum Testamentum (with parallel Latin text), is published in Basel. Chinese Ming dynasty War Ministry off... | official He Ru is the first to acquire the Portuguese breech-loading culverin, while copies of them are made by two Westernized Chinese at Beijing, Yang San (Pedro Yang) and Dai Ming. Australia is sighted by a Portuguese expedition led by Cristóvão de Mendonça, who maps the continent and names it Jave la Grande ("The G... |
Malory of England (1405?–1471), soldier, member of Parliament, political prisoner, and author of Le Morte d'Arthur Richard Neville of England (1428–1471), nobleman, administrator, and military commander Demetrios Palaiologos of Morea (1407–1470), Byzantine Prince and Despot of Morea Thomas Palaiologos of Morea (1409–14... | Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York of England (1411-1460), nobleman, military commander, and Yorkist claimant to the Throne of England Mar Shimun IV, Patriarch of the Assyrian Church of the East (Patriarchate then based in Mosul), held position 1437–1497 Tlacaelel (1397-1487), Tlacochcalcatl of the Aztec Empire Jasp... |
denomination 499 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Greece After a failed attack on the rebellious island of Naxos in 501 BC (on behalf of the Persians), Aristagoras, tyrant of Miletus,... | 501 BC (on behalf of the Persians), Aristagoras, tyrant of Miletus, to save himself from the wrath of Persia, plans a revolt with the Milesians and the other Ionians. With the encouragement of Histiaeus (his father-in-law and former tyrant of Miletus), Aristagoras induces the Ionian cities of Asia Minor to revolt again... |
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