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Unlike most Europeans of the period , Rae believed that the local inhabitants knew best how to cope with extreme weather conditions .	Unlike most Europeans of that time , Rae believed that the local people knew the best ways to deal with the very bad weather conditions .
Rae noted that although the rubber of the boat became stiff from the cold , there was no difficulty in warming it to soften the material when necessary .	Rae said that that although the rubber of the boat became stiff from the cold , it was not hard to warm it to soften the material when needed .
The party had become stranded on the wrong side of the Coppermine River after their boats had been destroyed in a storm ; John Richardson had attempted to swim to safety and suffered severe hypothermia .	They had become stranded on the wrong side of the Coppermine River after their boats had been destroyed in a storm .
It was identified and recovered many years later , and is now displayed in the Stromness Museum at Orkney .	Many years later it was found and is now in the Stromness Museum at Orkney .
Halkett boats were likewise taken on the subsequent HMS Enterprise expedition that was sent to search for Franklin , during which they were successfully used for fishing .	Halkett boats were also taken on 6 other expedition that were sent to look for Franklin .
A Halkett boat is a type of lightweight inflatable boat designed by Lt Peter Halkett ( 1820-1885 ) during the 1840s .	A Halkett boat is a type of lightweight inflatable boat .
Bellot 's expedition was unable to locate Franklin , and it was not until 1853 that an expedition led by Rae ( equipped with `` two beautiful Halkett boats '' ) located a group of Inuit who recounted seeing men dragging a boat four years earlier , and later finding their bodies .	It was not until 1853 that an expedition led by Rae ( using with `` two beautiful Halkett boats '' ) found a group of Inuit who told them that they saw men dragging a boat four years earlier .
Franklin saw Halkett boats as so essential to travel in Canada that he gave the boat intended for his expedition to Sir George Simpson , Governor-in-Chief of Rupert 's Land , for use in his travels in the region .	He gave the boat that was to be used for his expedition to Sir George Simpson , Governor-in-Chief of Rupert 's Land so that Simpson could use in his travels in the region .
Halkett designed a waterproof cloak made from an early form of Macintosh cloth , cotton impregnated with India rubber by using naphtha as a solvent .	Halkett made a waterproof cloak .
Rae took a Halkett boat on his first expedition in 1846 , reporting that it was `` most useful in crossing and recrossing the river at Repulse Bay '' , and that `` although in constant use for upwards of six weeks on a rocky coast it never required the slightest repair '' and `` ought to form part of the equipment of e...	He also said that `` although in constant use for upwards of six weeks on a rocky coast it never required the slightest repair '' and `` ought to form part of the equipment of every expedition '' .
In November 1844 , Halkett hoped to test the boat-cloak in bad weather conditions , in the rough seas of the Bay of Biscay , but the weather was unusually calm .	In November 1844 , Halkett wanted to test the boat-cloak in bad weather conditions .
Bellot took a Halkett boat-cloak on the journey , noting in his journal that it was `` of immense value in a country where the want of wood renders it impossible to form any sort of raft '' .	He said that it was `` of immense value in a country where the want of wood renders it impossible to form any sort of raft '' .
A single member of the party had fashioned a small canoe from canvas and willow , and the survivors had been obliged to cross the river one at a time using the makeshift canoe .	One person in the party built a small canoe from canvas and willow .
John Franklin bought one to take on the ill-fated 1845 expedition in which the entire expedition party of 129 men and two ships vanished .	John Franklin bought one to take on the 1845 expedition .
The wearer of the cloak would carry a walking stick , which would double as the shaft of the paddle , and a large umbrella to serve as a sail .	The person wearing the cloak would carry a walking stick .
The lining of the cloak contained an airtight and watertight inflatable ovoid , split into four separate airtight compartments in case of puncture , and a pocket containing a paddle blade and a small bellows .	The inside of the cloak was an airtight and watertight inflatable ovoid .
Only two Halkett boats , that of Orcadian explorer John Rae , and one held in the Hudson 's Bay Company Museum Collection at the Manitoba Museum are known to survive today .	A second boat is in the Hudson 's Bay Company Museum Collection at the Manitoba Museum .
The cloak weighed around 7 1⁄2 pounds ( 3.4 kg ) in total , and took three to four minutes to inflate ; once inflated , it could support the weight of six to eight people .	The cloak weighed about 7 1⁄2 pounds ( 3.4 kg ) .
Halkett had long been interested in the difficulties of traveling in the Canadian Arctic , and the problems involved in designing boats light enough to be carried over arduous terrain , but robust enough to be used in extreme weather conditions .	Halkett had been interested in the problems of traveling in the Canadian Arctic .
Halkett 's first design was a collapsible and inflatable boat made of rubber-impregnated cloth .	Halkett 's first design was a boat that was made using cloth combined with rubber .
The party was unable to locate Franklin , but found the Halkett boat invaluable , on one occasion using the single boat to ferry their entire party across a river in 14 trips .	During the search , they used the single boat to move their entire party across a river in 14 trips .
When inflated , it could carry two men , operating a paddle on each side , and when deflated served as a waterproof blanket to allow the users to camp on wet ground .	When inflated , it could carry two men .
He ordered a replacement boat from Halkett , who delivered it in time for him to take possession before setting out on his last expedition .	He got another boat from Halkett to be used on his last expedition .
Halkett was an amateur inventor , and during his spare time whilst serving in the navy he worked on solving the problem of how to design a boat that would be small and light enough to transport easily on foot through wilderness , but robust enough to carry people in safety across wide bodies of water .	During his spare time while in the navy , he worked on building a boat that would be small and light enough to be carried through wilderness , but strong enough to carry people in safety across wide bodies of water .
In early 1844 , Halkett successfully tested a prototype boat-cloak on the River Thames , paddling it 15 kilometres ( 9.3 mi ) without taking on any water , despite , in his words , being `` met by-passed by-and almost run down by-various Metropolitan Steamers plying to and fro in their several vocations , and causing n...	In early 1844 , Halkett tested the first boat-cloak on the River Thames .
Although the Admiralty saw no use to which Halkett 's designs could be put in general naval service , this larger design was extremely well received by explorers .	Although the Navy saw no use for Halkett 's boats in general naval service , this larger boat was liked very much by explorers .
Keen to find out what had become of the ships and men of Franklin 's expedition , in 1848 the Royal Navy sent a search party led by John Richardson and John Rae , and equipped with a Halkett boat provided by the government , to search for the lost expedition .	In 188 , the Royal navy sent out people to find out what had become of the ships and men of Franklin 's expedition .
Westerlund 2 is a young massive obscured star cluster with an estimated age of about one or two million years .	Westerlund 2 is a massive young super star cluster .
The cluster contains a dozen of O stars , of which at least three are eclipsing binaries , many pre-main sequence stars and two Wolf-Rayet Stars : the binary WR20a and the single star WR20b , all of spectral type WN6ha .	The cluster contains a dozen of O-type main sequence stars , of which at least three are eclipsing binaries .
They are probably not actually Wolf-Rayet stars , i.e. they are core-hydrogen-burning stars , just like the sun , but due to their large mass loss rate they appear to be Wolf Rayet stars .	There are many very young pre-main sequence stars and two Wolf-Rayet stars .
It was shown recently that the core of the cluster contains several examples of rare very hot stars ( Rauw et al. 2007 , A&A , 463 , 981 ) .	The core of the cluster contains several examples of rare very hot stars .
As its name indicates , the Westerlund 2 cluster was discovered by Bengt Westerlund in the sixties ( Westerlund 1961 , PASP , 73 , 51 and 1968 , ApJ , 154 , L67 - see http :\ / \ / vizier.u-strasbg . fr\/cgi-bin\/Dic-Simbad ? Cl % 20Westerlund ) but its stellar content was assessed only in later years ( Moffat et al. 1...	As its name indicates , the Westerlund 2 cluster was discovered by Bengt Westerlund in the sixties , but its stellar content was assessed only in later years .
World War I reparations were the payments and transfers of property and equipment that Germany was forced to make under the Treaty of Versailles following its defeat during World War I. Article 231 of the Treaty ( the ` war guilt ' clause ) declared Germany and its allies responsible for all ` loss and damage ' suffere...	World War I reparations means the payments and transfers of property and equipment that Germany was forced to make after its defeat during World War I. Article 231 of the Treaty of Versailles ( the ` war guilt ' clause ) declared Germany and its allies responsible for all ` loss and damage ' of the Allies during the wa...
The economic problems that the payments brought , and German resentment at their imposition are generally considered one of the most significant factors that led to the end of the Weimar Republic and the beginning of the dictatorship of Adolf Hitler .	The economic problems from the payments was said to be the important factor that led to the end of the Weimar Republic and the beginning of dictatorship of Adolf Hitler .
In 1921 , the total sum due was decided by an Inter-Allied Reparations Commission and was set at 132 billion gold marks .	In January 1921 , the total sum due was decided by an Inter-Allied Reparations Commission and was set at 269 billion gold marks , about # 23.6 billion or $ 32 billion ( roughly $ 393.6 billion US dollars as of 2005 ) .
The historian Sally Marks stated the 112 billion marks in `` C bonds '' were entirely chimerical-a device to fool the public into thinking Germany would pay much more .	Sally Marks , an American historian , also thought that Germany could pay the reparations .
`` Unity makes strength '' ( Dutch : Eendracht maakt macht , pronounced ( ˈeːndrɑçt maːkt mɑçt ) ( listen ) ; French : L'union fait la force ; German : Einigkeit macht stark ) is the national motto of Belgium and Bulgaria , later also taken on by Haiti .	`` Unity makes strength '' ( Dutch : Eendracht maakt macht , pronounced ( ˈeːndrɑçt maːkt mɑçt ) ( listen ) ; French : L'union fait la force ; German : Einigkeit macht stark ) is the national motto of Belgium .
Following the Bulgarian unification and after Ferdinand of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha took over the throne of the Principality of Bulgaria , the country adopted Belgium 's motto of L'union fait la force ( in Bulgarian : Съединението прави силата ) .	After Ferdinand of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha took over the throne of the Principality of Bulgaria , the country started to use Belgium 's motto of L'union fait la force ( in Bulgarian : Съединението прави силата ) .
It remained in use until the institution of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands when , in 1816 , it switched to the House of Orange motto ` Je maintiendrai ' .	In 1816 , it switched to the House of Orange motto ` Je maintiendrai ' .
The motto of Brooklyn , a borough of New York City founded by Dutch settlers , is `` Eendraght maeckt maght '' .	The motto of Brooklyn , a borough of New York City started by Dutch settlers , is still `` Eendraght maeckt maght '' .