Split (1)

train · 6.83M rows

sentence1 stringlengths 1 8.54k	sentence2 stringlengths 1 15.9k ⌀
Managua , the capital of Nicaragua , was devastated by earthquakes in 1931 and 1972 ; the latter killed about 5,000 people .	Managua , the capital of Nicaragua , was devastated by earthquakes in 1931 and 1972 .
Central America is an area of 524,000 square kilometers ( 202,000 sq mi ) , or almost 0.1 % of the Earth 's surface .	Central America has an area of 524,000 square kilometers ( 202,000 sq mi ) .
Between the mountain ranges lie fertile valleys that are suitable for the people ; in fact most of the population of Honduras , Costa Rica and Guatemala live in valleys .	Most of the population of Honduras , Costa Rica and Guatemala live in valleys , between mountains .
The 1976 Guatemala earthquake killed 23,000 people .	The 1976 Guatemala earthquake killed 23,001 people .
In Honduras , a powerful earthquake killed 7 people in 2009 .	In Honduras a powerful earthquake happened in 2009 .
Most of Central America rests atop the Caribbean Plate .	Most of Central America rests on the Caribbean Plate .
The table shows current statistics for the seven countries : Central America is currently undergoing a process of political , economic and cultural transformation that started in 1907 with the creation of the Central American Court of Justice .	The table shows current statistics for the seven countries :
Physiographically , Central America is the tapering isthmus of southern North America , with unique and varied features extending from the north-western borders of Belize and Guatemala southeastward to the Isthmus of Panama where it connects to the Colombian Pacific Lowlands in northwestern South America .	Central America has many unique features that go from the north-western borders of Belize and Guatemala to the Isthmus of Panama .
An earthquake struck northern and central Costa Rica in 2009 , killing at least 34 people .	An earthquake devastated northern and central Costa Rica in 2009 .
The region is geologically active , with volcanic eruptions and earthquakes occurring frequently .	The region is geologically active .
In 1968 the Arenal Volcano , in Costa Rica , erupted killing 87 people as the 3 villages of Tabacon , Pueblo Nuevo and San Luis were buried under pyroclastic flows and debris .	In 1968 the Arenal Volcano in Costa Rica erupted .
Rose Elizabeth Cleveland ( June 13 , 1846 - November 22 , 1918 ) , was the First Lady of the United States from 1885 to 1886 , during the first of her brother U.S. President Grover Cleveland 's two administrations .	Rose Elizabeth Cleveland ( June 13 , 1846 − November 22 , 1918 ) , was the First Lady of the United States from 1885 to 1886 , during the first of her brother U.S. President Grover Cleveland 's two administrations .
They were also used to defeat the Bavarian Soviet Republic in May 1919 .	They were also used to defeat the Bavarian Soviet Republic in 1919 .
They received considerable support from Minister of Defense Gustav Noske , a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany , who used them to crush the German Revolution of 1918-1919 and the Marxist Spartacist League and arrest Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg , who were killed on 15 January 1919 .	They were liked and supported by Minister of Defense Gustav Noske , a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany , who used them to stop the German Revolution and the Marxist Spartacist League , and also to murder Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg on 15 January 1919 .
A huge ceremony was arranged on November 9 , 1933 in which the Freikorps leaders symbolically presented their old battle flags to Hitler 's SA and SS .	Freikorps leaders gave their old battle flags to Hitler 's SA and SS on Nov 9 , 1933 in a very big ceremony .
The first Freikorps were recruited by Frederick II of Prussia in the 18th century during the Seven Years ' War .	The first freikorps were started by Frederick II of Prussia in the eighteenth century during the Seven Years ' War .
Hermann Ehrhardt , founder and leader of Marinebrigade Ehrhardt , and his deputy Commander Eberhard Kautter , leaders of the Viking League , refused to help Hitler and Erich Ludendorff in their Beer Hall Putsch and conspired against them .	Hermann Ehrhardt , who started the Marinebrigade Ehrhardt , and his deputy Commander , Eberhard Kautter , did not want to help Hitler and Erich von Ludendorff in the Beer Hall Putsch .
After 1918 , the term was used for the paramilitary organizations that sprang up around Germany as soldiers returned in defeat from World War I . They were the key Weimar paramilitary groups active during that time .	After 1918 , the word was used for the paramilitary organizations that were started in Germany by soldiers who came home after losing World War I . They were the main paramilitary groups during that time .
Numerous future members and leaders of the Nazi Party had served in the Freikorps , including Ernst Röhm , future head of the Sturmabteilung , or SA , Heinrich Himmler , future head of the Schutzstaffel , or SS , and Rudolf Höß , the future Kommandant of the Auschwitz concentration camp .	Many people who would join this party had been in the Freikorps , including Ernst Röhm , future leader of the Sturmabteilung , or SA , and Rudolf Höß , the future Commander of the Auschwitz concentration camp .
The Freikorps were regarded as unreliable by regular armies , so they were mainly used as sentries and for minor duties .	The freikorps were thought to be not reliable by regular armies and were mostly used as guards and for minor duties .
In 1920 , Adolf Hitler had just begun his political career as the leader of the tiny and as-yet-unknown Deutsche Arbeiterpartei\/DAP German Workers Party , which was soon renamed the Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei\/NSDAP ( National Socialist German Workers Party ) or Nazi Party in Munich .	In 1920 , Adolf Hitler had started his political work as the leader of the very small and unknown German Workers Party ( that was soon called the National Socialist German Workers Party , NSDAP ( or Nazi Party ) ) in Munich .
Later , Ludwig Adolf Wilhelm von Lützow , a survivor of Schill 's Freikorps , formed the Lützow Free Corps , which took part in the German War of Liberation .	Other freikorps were started during the Napoleonic Wars and were commanded by people such as Ferdinand von Schill and later Ludwig Adolf Wilhelm von Lützow .
Historian Robert GL Waite claims that in Hitler 's `` Röhm Purge '' speech to the Reichstag on July 13 , 1934 , he implied that the Freikorps were one of the groups of `` pathological enemies of the state '' .	Waite also says that in Hitler 's ` Rohm Purge ' speech to the Reichstag on July 13 , 1934 , that Hitler said that the Freikorps were enemies of Germany .
It is part of the Wausau , Wisconsin Metropolitan Statistical Area .	The city is a part of the Wausau , Wisconsin Metropolitan Statistical Area .
Abbotsford is located at 44 ° 56 ′ 48 ″ N 90 ° 19 ′ 6 ″ W \ / 44.94667 ° N 90.31833 ° W \ / 44.94667 ; -90.31833 ( 44.946716 , -90.318333 ) .	The coordinates of Abbotsford are 44 ° 56 ′ 48 ″ N 90 ° 19 ′ 6 ″ W \ / 44.94667 ° N 90.31833 ° W \ / 44.94667 ; -90.31833 ( 44.946716 , -90.318333 ) .
Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.99 % of the population .	1.99 % of the population said they were Hispanic or Latino of any race .
The racial makeup of the city was 98.57 % White , 0.15 % African American , 0.10 % Native American , 0.05 % Asian , 0.66 % from other races , and 0.46 % from two or more races .	The population was 98.57 % white , 0.15 % African-American or black , 0.10 % Native American , 0.05 % Asian , 0.66 % other races , and 0.46 % multiple races .
The population density was 641.1 people per square mile ( 247.6 \ / km ² ) .	The population density was 641.1 people per square mile ( 247.6 people\/km ² ) .
The racial and ethnic composition was 73.7 % non-Hispanic white , 0.1 % black or African American , 0.3 % Native American , 0.7 % Asian , 0.5 % reporting two or more races and 25.0 % Hispanic or Latino .	73.7 % of the people were white , 0.1 % black or African-American , 0.3 % Native American , 0.7 % Asian , 0.5 % multiple races , and 25.0 % Hispanic or Latino .
Abbotsford is a city in Clark and Marathon counties in the U.S. state of Wisconsin .	Abbotsford is a city in the state of Wisconsin in the United States .
As of the census of 2000 , there were 1,956 people , 817 households , and 516 families residing in the city .	These people made up 817 households and 516 families .
The community is named for Edwin H. Abbott , of the Wisconsin Central Railway , and was incorporated in 1965 .	The city is named after Edwin H. Abbott .
Heihachi searches for his grandson , Jin Kazama , who does possess the Devil gene .	Heihachi learned that his own genome did not have the Devil Gene , but he knew someone who had it , Jin Kazama .
Tekken 4 is the fifth main installment in the Tekken series .	Tekken 4 is also the first game of the Tekken series when the player hears a person speaking in the beginning of the Story Mode .
Through the Contemporary Art Society Special Collection scheme , the New Art Gallery Walsall was able to add to its collections works by Gavin Turk , Hew Locke , Mike Nelson , Yoshihiro Suda , Dorothy Cross , Laura Ford , Darren Lago , Estelle Thompson , Richard Woods , Yinka Shonibare and Rose Finn-Kelcey .	These include Gavin Turk , Hew Locke , Mike Nelson , Yoshihiro Suda , Dorothy Cross , Laura Ford , Darren Lago , Estelle Thompson , Richard Woods , Yinka Shonibare and Rose Finn-Kelcey .
The collection was donated to the people of Walsall in 1973 by Epstein 's late wife Kathleen Garman ( Lady Epstein ) and her friend Sally Ryan .	The collection was donated to the people of Walsall in 1973 by Epstein 's wife Kathleen Garman ( Lady Epstein ) and her friend Sally Ryan .
In 2000 , the gallery was shortlisted for the prestigious Sterling Architecture Prize .	In 2000 the gallery was shortlisted for the Sterling Architecture Prize .
The Gallery is funded by Walsall Council and Arts Council England ; this funding is further supplemented by its own income generation .	The Gallery is funded by Walsall Council and Arts Council England , .
The New Art Gallery has free public Wi-Fi throughout the building .	The New Art Gallery has Wi-Fi in every room .
The Gallery houses the fixed Garman Ryan Collection of sculptures and paintings by modern masters including a large selection of work by Jacob Epstein and many significant works by European artists including Van Gogh , Monet , Turner , Corot , Renoir and Constable represented in prints , sketches , drawings , paintings...	It also includes many significant works by European artists including Van Gogh , Monet , Turner , Corot , Renoir and Constable .
The New Art Gallery Walsall is a modern and contemporary art gallery sited in the center of the West Midlands town of Walsall , England .	The New Art Gallery Walsall is an art gallery .
In 2006 , the gallery acquired the Epstein Archive , a collection of photographs , manuscripts , sketches and correspondence between Jacob Epstein and his family and friends , patrons , buyers and galleries .	The archive is a collection of photographs , documents and sketches by Jacob Epstein .
In May 2005 , former BALTIC director Stephen Snoddy was appointed as Director .	In May 2005 , Stephen Snoddy was appointed as Director .
The New Art Gallery 's stark building won several architectural awards and attracted over 237,000 visitors in its opening year .	Before that , the artworks were in the town 's old gallery The New Art Gallery 's building won several architectural awards .
It was built with # 21 million of public funding , including # 15.75 million from the UK National Lottery and additional money from the European Regional Development Fund and City Challenge .	That includes # 15.75 million which was donated by the UK National Lottery .
Designed by the architects Caruso St John after winning an international design competition , it opened in January 2000 , replacing the town 's old gallery and an arts center that had been closed by the Council almost a decade earlier .	The building was designed by the architects Caruso St John .
In ethylene ( ethene ) the two carbon atoms form a σ bond by overlapping two sp2 orbitals and each carbon atom forms two covalent bonds with hydrogen by s-sp2 overlap all with 120 ° angles .	In ethylene ( ethene ) , the two carbon atoms form a σ bond by overlapping two sp2 orbitals and each carbon atom forms two covalent bonds with hydrogen by s-sp2 overlap all with 120 ° angles .
For example , in methane , the C hybrid orbital which forms each carbon-hydrogen bond consists of 25 % s character and 75 % p character and is thus described as sp3 ( read as s-p-three ) hybridised .	For example , in methane , the C hybrid orbital which forms each C-H bond consists of 25 % s character and 75 % p character and is thus described as sp3 ( read as s-p-three ) hybridised .
For example , the two bond-forming hybrid orbitals of oxygen in water can be described as sp4 , which means that they have 20 % s character and 80 % p character , but does not imply that they are formed from one s and four p orbitals .	The two bond-forming hybrid orbitals of oxygen in water can be described as sp4 , which means that they have 20 % s character and 80 % p character , but does not imply that they are formed from one s and four p orbitals .
In this model , the 2s orbital mixes with only one of the three p orbitals resulting in two sp orbitals and two remaining unchanged p orbitals .	In this model , the 2s orbital mixes with only one of the three p-orbitals resulting in two sp orbitals and two remaining unchanged p orbitals .
The chemical bonding in compounds such as alkynes with triple bonds is explained by sp hybridisation .	The chemical bonding in compounds such as alkynes with triple bonds is explained by sp hybridization .
In CH4 , four sp3 hybrid orbitals are overlapped by hydrogen 1s orbitals , yielding four σ ( sigma ) bonds ( that is , four single covalent bonds ) of equal length and strength .	In CH4 , four sp3 hybrid orbitals are overlapped by hydrogen 's 1s orbital , yielding four σ ( sigma ) bonds ( that is , four single covalent bonds ) of the same length and strength .
As shown by computational chemistry , hypervalent molecules can only be stable given strongly polar ( and weakened ) bonds with electronegative ligands such as fluorine or oxygen to reduce the valence electron occupancy of the central atom to a maximum of 8 ( or 12 for transition metals ) .	As shown by computational chemistry , hypervalent molecules can only be stable given strongly polar ( and weakened ) bonds with electronegative ligands such as fluorine or oxygen to reduce the valence electron occupancy of the central atom to below 8 ( or 12 for transition metals ) .
In sp2 hybridisation the 2s orbital is mixed with only two of the three available 2p orbitals : forming a total of three sp2 orbitals with one p orbital remaining .	In sp2 hybridization the 2s orbital is mixed with only two of the three available 2p orbitals : forming a total of 3 sp2 orbitals with one p-orbital remaining .
Quantum mechanics describes this hybrid as an sp3 wavefunction of the form N ( s + √ 3pσ ) , where N is a normalization constant ( here 1\/2 ) and pσ is a p orbital directed along the C-H axis to form a sigma bond .	Quantum mechanics describes this hybrid as an sp3 wavefunction of the form N ( s + ( √ 3 ) pσ ) , where N is a normalization constant ( here 1\/2 ) and pσ is a p orbital directed along the C-H axis to form a sigma bond .
Each carbon also bonds to hydrogen in a σ s-sp overlap at 180 ° angles .	Each carbon also bonds to hydrogen in a sigma s-sp overlap at 180 ° angles .
Thus sp3 hybrids in methane are formed from one s and three p orbitals .	For example , sp3 hybrids are formed from one s and three p orbitals .
Chemist Linus Pauling first developed the hybridisation theory in order to explain the structure of molecules such as methane ( CH4 ) in 1931 .	Chemist Linus Pauling first used hybridization theory to explain the structure of molecules such as methane ( CH4 ) .
In chemistry , hybridisation ( or hybridization ) is the concept of mixing atomic orbitals into new hybrid orbitals ( with different energies , shapes , etc. , than the component atomic orbitals ) suitable for the pairing of electrons to form chemical bonds in valence bond theory .	In chemistry , hybridization ( or hybridisation ) is the concept of mixing atomic orbitals into new hybrid orbitals suitable for the pairing of electrons to form chemical bonds in valence bond theory .
For this molecule , carbon will sp2 hybridise , because one π ( pi ) bond is required for the double bond between the carbons , and only three σ bonds are formed per carbon atom .	For this molecule , carbon will sp2 hybridize , because one π ( pi ) bond is required for the double bond between the carbons , and only three σ bonds are formed per carbon atom .
In heavier atoms , such as carbon , nitrogen , and oxygen , the atomic orbitals used are the 2s and 2p orbitals , similar to excited state orbitals for hydrogen .	In heavier atoms , like carbon , nitrogen , and oxygen , the atomic orbitals involved in bonding are the 2s and 2p orbitals .
As the energy released by formation of two additional bonds more than compensates for the excitation energy required , the formation of four C-H bonds is energetically favored .	As the additional bond energy more than compensates for the excitation , the formation of four C-H bonds is energetically favored .
Hybridisation theory finds its use mainly in organic chemistry .	Chemists use hybridization theory mainly in organic chemistry .
However , hybridisation of s , p and d orbitals together is no longer accepted , as more recent calculations based on molecular orbital theory have shown that in main-group molecules the d component is insignificant , while in transition metal complexes the p component is insignificant ( see below ) .	However , such a scheme is now superseded as more recent calculations based on molecular orbital theory have shown that in main-group molecules the d component is insignificant , while in transition metal complexes the p component is insignificant ( see below ) .
For main group compounds with lone electron pairs , the s orbital lone pair can be hybridised to a certain extent with the bond pairs .	For main group compounds with lone electron pairs , the s orbital lone pair ( analogous to s-p mixing in molecular orbital theory ) can be hybridised to a certain extent with the bond pairs to maximize energetic stability according to its Walsh diagram .
In the case of simple hybridisation , this approximation is based on atomic orbitals , similar to those obtained for the hydrogen atom , the only neutral atom for which the Schrödinger equation can be solved exactly .	In the case of simple hybridization , this approximation is based on atomic orbitals .
A set of four equivalent orbitals can be obtained which are linear combinations of the valence-shell ( core orbitals are almost never involved in bonding ) s and p wave functions which are the four sp3 hybrids .	To achieve this equivalence , the angular distributions of the orbitals change via a linear combination of the valence-shell ( Core orbitals are almost never involved in bonding ) s and p wave functions to form four sp3 hybrids .
The p character or the weight of the p component is N2λ2 = 3\/4 .	The p-to-s ratio ( denoted λ in general ) is √ 3 in this example , and N2λ2 = 3\/4 is the p character or the weight of the p component .
However , in other cases , there may be no such correspondence .	However , in all other cases , there is no such correspondence .
This concept was developed for such simple chemical systems , but the approach was later applied more widely , and today it is considered an effective heuristic for rationalising the structures of organic compounds .	This concept was developed for such simple chemical systems .
In 1999 , Manoj Punj directed a Punjabi feature film , Shaheed-e-Mohabbat Boota Singh , entirely based on the life story of Boota Singh .	In 1999 , Manoj Punj directed a Punjabi feature movie , Shaheed-e-Mohabbat Boota Singh , entirely based on the life story of Boota Singh .
A Punjabi film Shaheed-e-Mohabbat Boota Singh ( 1999 ) is entirely based on the story .	A Punjabi movie Shaheed-e-Mohabbat Boota Singh ( 1999 ) is entirely based on the story .
His uncle and cousins were wanting him die unmarried so they could inherit his part of land .	His uncle and cousins were wanting him to die unmarried , so that they could inherit his share of the family 's land .
Boota Singh ( Gurmukhi : ਬੂਟਾ ਸਿ ਘ ; Shahmukhi : بُوٹا سنگھ ) , sometimes spelled as Buta Singh , was a Sikh ex-soldier of British Army who served at the Burma front under the command of Lord Mountbatten during World War II .	Boota Singh ( Gurmukhi : ਬੂਟਾ ਸਿ ਘ ; Shahmukhi : بوٹا سنگھ ) , sometimes spelled as Buta Singh , was a Sikh soldier in the British Army .
Ishrat Rahmani wrote a novel , Muhabbat , based on the story .	Ishrat Rahmani wrote a book , Muhabbat , based on the story .
It was an international hit and won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Punjabi at the 46th National Film Awards and was also screened at many national and international film festivals including the 1999 Vancouver International Film Festival and International Film Festival of India .	It was also shown at many national and international movie festivals , including the 1999 Vancouver International Film Festival and the International Film Festival of India .
Later , being a Muslim , Zainab is deported and sent to the newly born Pakistan .	Later , Zainab was deported ( sent back ) to Pakistan .
From the day onward , he started saving every penny for the dowry money .	From this day onward , he started saving all his money for the dowry .
When he returned home from the Burma front , his youth was over .	When he returned home from fighting in Burma , his youth was over .
He is very well known in India and Pakistan for his tragic love story with Zainab , a Muslim girl he rescued during the communal riots in the time of partition of India in 1947 .	He is famous for his tragic love story with Zainab , a Muslim girl who he rescued from the riots during the partition of India in 1947 .
The love story of Singh 's life is widely adapted in films and books on both sides of the border .	The love story of Singh 's life has been adapted to movies and books , from both India and Pakistan .
All his age-mates were married having their own families but he was still unmarried .	All his friends were married with their own families , but he was still not married .
The story also influenced many other films including a 2007 Canadian film Partition and a 2001 Bollywood film Gadar .	The story also influenced many other movies including Partition , a Hollywood movie from 2007 .
The autopsy of Singh 's body was conducted in an hospital in Lahore and was taken to the village on 22 February 1957 for burial but the villagers did n't allow that and Singh was buried at Miani Sahib , the largest graveyard of Lahore .	The autopsy of Singh 's body was done in an hospital in Lahore .
In his suicide note , Singh expressed his last wish to be buried as a Muslim in Barki village where Zainab 's parents resettled after partition .	In his suicide note , Singh expressed his last wish to be buried as a Muslim in Noorpur village near Barki .
The story is also have some details in an English book , Freedom at Midnight by Larry Collins and Dominique Lapierre and also influenced a 2007 Hollywood film , Partition , written by Patrica Finn and Vic Sarin , starring Jimi Mistry and Kristin Kreuk in lead roles .	The story also featured in an English book , Freedom at Midnight , by Larry Collins and Dominique Lapierre .
Secondary sources involve generalization , analysis , synthesis , interpretation , or evaluation of the original information .	Secondary sources often involve the use of processes of generalization , analysis , synthesis , interpretation , or evaluation of the original information .
In scholarship , a secondary source is a document or recording that relates or discusses information originally presented elsewhere .	A secondary source is a document or recording that writes or speaks about information that was originally presented elsewhere .
A secondary source contrasts with a primary source , which is an original source of the information being discussed ; a primary source can be a person with direct knowledge of a situation , or a document created by such a person .	This information is called primary source or original source of the information .
It was defined from principles set down by architect Peter Nicholson in the 18th century .	It was originally defined from principles set down by architect Peter Nicholson in the 18th century .
The balustrade is the system of railings and balusters that prevents people from falling over the edge .	The balustrade is the complete system of railings and pickets that prevents people from falling over the edge .
Stairs may be straight , round , or may consist of two or more straight pieces connected at angles .	Stairways may be straight , round , or may consist of two or more straight pieces connected at angles .
Handrails may be continuous ( sometimes called over-the-post ) or post-to-post ( or more accurately `` newel-to-newel '' ) .	Handrails may be continuous ( sometimes called over-the-post ) or post-to-post ( or more accurately '' `` newel-to-newel '' '' ) .
A stairway , staircase , stairwell , flight of stairs , or simply stairs is a construction designed to bridge a large vertical distance by dividing it into smaller vertical distances , called steps .	Stairs , staircase , stairway , stairwell , and flight of stairs are all names for a construction designed to bridge a large vertical distance by dividing it into smaller vertical distances , called steps .
Special types of stairs include escalators and ladders .	Special stairways include escalators and ladders .
Some alternatives to stairs are lifts ( US : elevators ) , stairlifts and inclined moving walkways as well as stationary inclined pavements ( US : sidewalks ) .	Alternatives to stairways are elevators and inclined moving sidewalks .
In the same year , at the age of 20 , Wagner composed his first complete opera , Die Feen ( The Fairies ) .	He wrote his first opera , Die Feen ( The Fairies ) in Würzburg .
The first two components of the Ring cycle were Das Rheingold ( The Rhinegold ) , which was completed in 1854 , and Die Walküre ( The Valkyrie ) , which was finished in 1856 .	The four operas which make up this famous Ring cycle are Das Rheingold ( The Rhinegold ) , Die Walküre ( The Valkyrie ) , Siegfried and Götterdämmerung ( Twilight of the Gods ) .
Wagner realized these ideas most fully in the first half of the four-opera cycle Der Ring des Nibelungen ( The Ring of the Nibelung ) .	They were to become the four operas known as Der Ring des Nibelungen ( The Ring of the Nibelung ) which , together , tell one long story .
The NASA QuikSCAT ( Quick Scatterometer ) is an Earth observation satellite carrying the SeaWinds scatterometer .	The QuikSCAT ( Quick Scatterometer ) is an earth-observing satellite that provides wind speed and direction information over oceans to NOAA .

Subsets and Splits

No community queries yet

The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.