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Kylie Ann Minogue , OBE ( \ / ˈkaɪliː mɨˈnoʊɡ \ / ; born 28 May 1968 ) , often known simply as Kylie , is an Australian singer , recording artist , songwriter and actress , working and living in London .	Kylie Ann Minogue ( born 28 May 1968 ) is an Australian singer , songwriter and actress .
Her singles were well received , but after four albums her sales were declining , and she left Stock , Aitken & Waterman in 1992 to establish herself as an independent performer .	Her popularity began to decline by the early 1990s and she left Stock , Aitken & Waterman in 1992 .
An example is Sullivan 's use of two flutes , one oboe , two clarinets , one bassoon , two horns , two cornets ( a piston ) , two trombones , drums and strings .	There are five main woodwind instruments : flute , oboe , clarinet , saxophone , and bassoon .
A smaller-sized orchestra for this time period ( of about fifty musicians or fewer ) is called a chamber orchestra .	A large orchestra is sometimes called a `` symphony orchestra '' and a small orchestra is called a `` chamber orchestra '' .
A leading chamber orchestra might employ as many as fifty musicians ; some are much smaller than that .	A symphony orchestra may have about 100 players , while a chamber orchestra may have 30 or 40 players .
Manholes are generally found in urban areas , in streets and occasionally under sidewalks .	Manholes are usually found in urban areas , in streets and sometimes under sidewalks .
In 2004 , Jodie S. Lane was electrocuted after stepping on a metal manhole cover , while walking her dog in New York City .	In 2004 , Jodie S. Lane was electrocuted after stepping on a metal manhole cover .
The manhole opening is protected by a manhole cover ( also known as a `` biscuit '' ) , a flat plug designed to prevent accidental or unauthorized access to the manhole .	The opening is protected by a manhole cover .
A manhole ( alternatively utility hole , cable chamber , maintenance hole , inspection chamber , access chamber or confined space ) is the top opening to an underground utility vault used to house an access point for making connections or performing maintenance on underground and buried public utility and other service...	A manhole ( also called a utility hole , cable chamber , maintenance hole , inspection chamber , access chamber or confined space ) is a hole for a person to go into to fix underground services .
The modern bassoon exists in two distinct primary forms , the Buffet system and the Heckel system .	German bassoons use a system called the Heckel system , and French bassoons use the Buffet system .
Buffet instruments are known for a reedier sound and greater facility in the upper registers , reaching e '' and f '' with far greater ease and less air pressure .	The bassoon is known for its reedy sound .
Bassoons are double reed instruments like the oboe and the English horn .	Like the oboe , it has a double reed .
Instead Baldwin joined others in trying to convince the East Frankish king Arnulf to also take the west Frankish crown , but Arnulf declined .	Instead Baldwin joined others in trying to convince the East Frankish king Arnulf to also take the west Frankish crown .
When his attempts to expand further into the upper Somme River valley were opposed by Herbert I , Count of Vermandois Baldwin likewise had him assassinated .	When his attempts to expand further into the upper Somme River valley were opposed by Herbert I , Count of Vermandois Baldwin also had him killed .
He died 10 September 918 at Blandijnberg ( near Ghent ) and was succeeded by his eldest son Arnulf I of Flanders .	Baldwin II died 10 September 918 at Blandinberg ( near Ghent ) and was succeeded by his eldest son Arnulf I of Flanders .
The Robertine Odo , Count of Paris , was elected king but Odo would not support Baldwin 's attempts at gaining control of the abbey of St. Bertin the two fell out and while Odo attacked Baldwin at Bruges he could not prevail .	Odo , Count of Paris , was elected king But Odo did not want Baldwin to gaining control of the abbey of St. Bertin .
As he was a grandson of Charles the Bald , Holy Roman Emperor and King of West Francia , Baldwin could have , but did not , compete for the crown of western Francia .	Because he was a grandson of Charles the Bald , Holy Roman Emperor and King of West Francia , Baldwin was eligible to be king .
By 883 he was forced northward to the flat marshes of the pagus flandransis which became the territory most closely associated with the counts of Flanders from that time on .	By 883 Baldwin was forced northward to the flat marshes of Flanders which became the territory most closely associated with the counts of Flanders from then on .
When the abbey came under the jurisdiction of Archbishop Fulk of Reims in 900 Baldwin had him assassinated .	When control of the abbey was given to Archbishop Fulk of Reims in 900 , Baldwin had him killed .
Baldwin continued his expansion to the south and gained control of Artois including the important abbey of St. Vaast .	He also got control of the important abbey of St. Vaast .
In 888 the west Frankish king Charles the Fat was deposed and there were several candidates for his replacement .	In 888 the west Frankish king Charles the Fat was deposed .
He was the son of Baldwin I of Flanders and Judith , a daughter of Charles the Bald and as such a descendant of Charlemagne .	Born c. 865 he was the son of Baldwin I , Count of Flanders and Judith , a daughter of Charles the Bald .
He married Ælfthryth , a daughter of Alfred the Great , King of England .	So in 884 Baldwin married Ælfthryth , a daughter of King Alfred the Great of England .
One is the first non-zero number in the natural numbers as well as the first odd number in the natural numbers .	One ( 1 ) is a natural number after zero and before two .
Prem Pal Singh Rawat ( Hindi : प्रेम पाल सिंह रावत ) , born on 10 December 1957 , is also known as Maharaji , and formerly was known as Guru Maharaj Ji and Balyogeshwar .	Prem Pal Singh Rawat ( now called Maharaji and in the past called Guru Maharaj Ji and Balyogeshwar ) was born in India on December 10 , 1957 .
Bentley 's first three years in professional football were spent with the Michigan Panthers and Oakland Invaders of the United States Football League .	Bentley 's first three years in professional football were with the Michigan Panthers and Oakland Invaders of the United States Football League .
He later joined the Buffalo Bills , and played six seasons with the team , including their first two Super Bowl years in the 1990s .	He was in their first two Super Bowl years in the 1990s .
Ray Russell Bentley ( born November 25 , 1960 ) is a former professional American football linebacker and broadcaster .	Ray Russell Bentley ( born November 25 , 1960 in Grand Rapids , Michigan ) is a former American football player and current football analyst for ESPN and ESPNU .
Dwarf planets come in between .	The five dwarf planets , in order from the Sun are The dwarf planets , unlike the terrestrial and gas giant planets , populate more than one region of the solar system .
It is suspected that another hundred or so known objects in the Solar System are dwarf planets .	Dwarf planet is the name used to classify some objects in the solar system .
In some cases , for instance the Penny Reds of Great Britain and modern United States plate number coils , the plate numbers appear in the stamps themselves , but the more common practice is to include the number in the margin of each sheet , sometimes alongside the name of the printer .	Sometimes the plate numbers appear in the stamps themselves , but the more common practice is to include the number in the margin of each sheet , frequently alongside the name of the printer .
A plate block is a block of stamps from the edge of the sheet which shows the plate or cylinder from which the stamps were printed .	A plate block is a block of postage stamps that includes the part of the sheet margin with the serial number of the printing plate ( s ) used to print the stamps .
Over the past decade , she has introduced different styles to the ever expanding Turkish pop music scene .	Over the past decade , she has introduced different styles to the ever-expanding Turkish pop music scene .
St. Michael 's Church ( German : Michaelerkirche ) is one of the oldest churches in Vienna , Austria , and also one of its few remaining Romanesque buildings .	St. Michael 's Church ( German : Michaelerkirche ) is a church in Vienna , Austria .
St. Michael 's used to be the parish church of the Imperial Court , when it was called Zum heiligen Michael .	St. Michael 's was the parish church of the Emperors and their families .
Santa Clara ( PSGC : 031423021 ) is one of the twenty-four barangays comprising the municipality of Santa Maria , Bulacan , in the Philippines .	Santa Clara ( PSGC : 031423021 ) is one of the twenty-four barangays composing the municipality of Santa Maria , Bulacan , in the Philippines .
The prevailing climatic conditions in the barangay are categorized into two ( 2 ) types : dry and wet season .	The prevailing climatic conditions in the barangay are categorized into two types : dry and wet season .
It is bordered by Barangay Lalakhan on the south-west , Bagbaguin on the south , Poblacion on the east , Sta .	It is bordered by Barangay Lalakhan on the southwest , Bagbaguin on the south , Poblacion on the east , Sta .
The projected population of the barangay by 2010 is 11,080 with a growth rate of 3.3 % This is the projected population of the barangay by the next few years : Note : This is only a prediction .	The projected population of the barangay by 2010 is 11,080 with a growth rate of 3.3 % This is the projected population of the barangay by the next few years : VISION : A self-reliant , industrialized , commercialized , environment friendly barangay , accessible roads , discipline and morally upright citizenhood and a ...
Freedom from Want is the third of a series of four oil paintings entitled Four Freedoms painted by Norman Rockwell .	Freedom from Want is a painting of Norman Rockwell and is one of his series of four paintings called the Four Freedoms .
To Robert Hughes , the painting represents the theme of family continuity , virtue , homeliness and abundance without extravagance in a Puritan tone ( as confirmed by water as the modest beverage choice ) .	Rockwell wanted to portray a family within a theme of continuity , virtue , homeliness and abundance without extravagance , as confirmed by water as the modest beverage choice .
Outside of the United States , this image is commonly perceived as a depiction of American overabundance .	Outside the United States though , the images was explained as an expression of American overabundance .
In 1942 , Rockwell decided to use his Arlington , Vermont neighbors as models for the Four Freedoms series .	He took Vermont neighbors as models for his series .
The same year Wing was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire ( MBE ) in the 2009 Birthday Honours for her services to drama and charity .	The same year Wing was named Member of the Order of the British Empire ( MBE ) in the 2009 Birthday Honours for her services to drama and charity .
She played Grandma in the 2007 film Son of Rambow .	She played Grandma in the 2007 movie Son of Rambow .
In May 2005 she attended the British Soap Awards , where she presented June Brown with a lifetime achievement award for Brown 's portrayal of Dot Branning in EastEnders .	In May 2005 she attended the British Soap Awards , where she presented ( June Brown with a lifetime achievement award for Brown 's portrayal of Dot Branning in EastEnders .
In 2009 , aged 94 , she worked on a short film , Numbers Up , from Guildhall Pictures .	In 2009 , when she was 94 , she worked on a short movie called Numbers Up .
Anna Eva Lydia Catherine Wing , MBE ( 30 October 1914 - 7 July 2013 ) was an English actress who had a long career in television and theater , but was best known for playing Lou Beale , the family matriarch of the Beale and Fowler family in EastEnders .	Anna Eva Lydia Catherine Wing , MBE ( 30 October 1914 - 7 July 2013 ) was an English actress .
Wing is best known for portraying the Beale and Fowler family matriarch Lou Beale on EastEnders from the show 's inception in February 1985 , until the character was killed off in July 1988 .	Wing is best known for playing the Lou Beale on EastEnders from the show 's beginning in February 1985 , until the character was killed off in July 1988 .
In New York Fles found temporary employment as a violinist , painting apartments , selling vacuum cleaners and working for publishers .	In New York Fles first worked as a violinist , painting apartments , selling vacuum cleaners and for publishers .
Barthold Fles ( February 7 , 1902 - December 19 , 1989 ) was a Dutch-American literary agent , author , translator , editor and publisher .	Barthold Fles ( February 7 , 1902 - December 19 , 1989 ) was a Dutch-American who worked as a literary agent , helping writers find publishers to print their books .
Although he had no children of his own , Barthold Fles wrote two juvenile books : Slavonic rhapsody : the life of Antonín Dvořák ( 1948 ) under the pseudonym Jan van Straaten ( Van Straaten being his mother 's maiden name ) , and East Germany ( 1973 ) .	Although he had no children of his own , Barthold Fles wrote two books for kids : Slavonic rhapsody : the life of Antonín Dvořák ( in 1948 ) and East Germany ( in 1973 ) .
Among the translations was another children 's book , Bambi 's Children by Felix Salten .	One of these books , Bambi 's Children by Felix Salten , was also a book for children .
Barthold `` Bart '' Fles was born in Amsterdam into an assimilating Jewish family .	Barthold Fles was born in Amsterdam on February 7 , 1902 .
He did study business at a vocational school and found employment at De Lange publishers .	Barthold found a job at De Lange publishers .
Barthold read in Dutch , German , English , and French , anytime and at a tremendous pace .	Barthold read in Dutch , German , English , and French .
In 1933 he established a literary agency in Manhattan , New York .	In 1933 he started his own business , a literary agency , in Manhattan , New York .
Ruth assisted Barthold at his literary agency .	Ruth helped Barthold with his work .
He also wrote introductions to compilations and many articles and translated several books from German to English .	He also wrote books and articles , edited texts , translated books from German to English , and published poetry books .
In 1986 , at the age of 84 , Fles closed his agency .	In 1986 , when he was 84 years old , Fles stopped working .
His father , Louis Fles , was a successful businessman and an activist against religion .	His father , Louis Fles , thought that it was wrong for Jews and other people to be religious .
Meanwhile , demographic tensions over the Lebanese National Pact led to the Lebanese Civil War ( 1975-1990 ) .	Meanwhile , demographic tensions over the Lebanese National Pact lead to the Lebanese Civil War ( 1975-1990 ) .
The Israeli-Lebanese conflict describes a series of related military clashes involving Israel , Lebanon and Syria , as well as various non-state militias acting from within Lebanon .	The Israeli-Lebanese conflict describes a series of related military clashes involving Israel , Lebanon , and Syria , as well as various non-state militias acting from within Lebanon .
As of 2012 Hezbollah had not disarmed .	As of 2009 Hezbollah had not disarmed .
In 1985 , Hezbollah , a Lebanese Shia resistance movement sponsored by Iran , called for armed struggle to end the Israeli occupation of Lebanese territory .	In 1985 , a Lebanese Shi ` te resistance movement sponsored by Iran , calling itself Hezbollah , called for armed struggle to end the Israel occupation of Lebanese territory .
The better-known of these include the Sarbanes-Oxley Act , HIPAA , and SEC 17a-3 .	The more well-known of these include the Sarbanes-Oxley Act , HIPAA , and SEC 17a-3 .
The topic of inappropriate IM use became front page news in October 2006 when U.S. Congressman Mark Foley resigned his seat after admitting sending offensive instant messages of a sexual nature to underage former House pages from his Congressional office PC .	The topic of inappropriate IM use became front page news in October 2006 when Congressman Mark Foley resigned his seat after admitting sending offensive instant messages of a sexual nature to underage former House pages from his Congressional office PC .
In addition to the malicious code threat , the use of instant messaging at work also creates a risk of non-compliance to laws and regulations governing use of electronic communications in businesses .	In addition to the malicious code threat , the use of instant messaging at work also creates a risk of non-compliance to laws and regulations governing the use of electronic communications in businesses .
While the Quantum Link service ran on a Commodore 64 , using only the Commodore 's PETSCII text-graphics , the screen was visually divided into sections and OLMs would appear as a yellow bar saying `` Message From : '' and the name of the sender along with the message across the top of whatever the user was already doi...	While the Quantum Link service ran on a Commodore 64 , using only the Commodore 's PETSCII text-graphics , the screen was visually divided up into sections and OLMs would appear as a yellow bar saying `` Message From : '' and the name of the sender along with the message across the top of whatever the user was already ...
Usually , a dedicated corporate IM server has several advantages , such as pre-populated contact lists , integrated authentication , and better security and privacy .	Typically , a dedicated corporate IM server has several advantages such as pre-populated contact lists , integrated authentication , and better security and privacy .
Hackers use two methods of delivering malicious code through IM : delivery of viruses , trojan horses , or spyware within an infected file , and the use of `` socially engineered '' text with a web address that entices the recipient to click on a URL connecting him or her to a website that then downloads malicious code...	Hackers use two methods of delivering malicious code through IM : delivery of virus , trojan , or spyware within an infected file , and the use of `` socially engineered '' text with a web address that entices the recipient to click on a URL that connects him or her to a website that then downloads malicious code .
In response to the demand for business-grade IM and the need to ensure security and legal compliance , a new type of instant messaging , called `` Enterprise Instant Messaging '' ( `` EIM '' ) was created when Lotus Software launched IBM Lotus Sametime in 1998 .	In response to the demand for business-grade IM and the need to ensure security and legal compliance , a new type of instant messaging , called `` Enterprise Instant Messaging '' ( `` EIM '' ) was created when Lotus Software launched Lotus Sametime in 1999 .
The adoption of IM across corporate networks outside of the control of IT organizations creates risks and liabilities for companies who do not effectively manage and support IM use .	The adoption of IM across corporate networks outside of the control of IT organizations creates many risks and liabilities for companies who do not effectively manage and support IM use .
Changes to Federal Rules of Civil Procedure , effective December 1 , 2006 , created a new category for electronic records which may be requested during discovery in legal proceedings .	Recent changes to Federal Rules of Civil Procedure , effective December 1 , 2006 , create a new category for electronic records which may be requested during discovery ( law ) in legal proceedings .
Instant messaging has proven to be similar to personal computers , email , and the World Wide Web , in that its adoption for use as a business communications medium was driven primarily by individual employees using consumer software at work , rather than by formal mandate or provisioning by corporate information techn...	Instant messaging has proven to be similar to personal computers , e-mail , and the WWW , in that its adoption for use as a business communications medium was driven primarily by individual employees using consumer software at work , rather than by formal mandate or provisioning by corporate information technology depa...
Both IBM Lotus and Microsoft have introduced federation between their EIM systems and some of the public IM networks so that employees may use one interface to both their internal EIM system and their contacts on AOL , MSN , and Yahoo !	Since then , both IBM Lotus and Microsoft have introduced federation between their EIM systems and some of the public IM networks thus employees may use a single interface to both their internal EIM system and their buddies on AOL , MSN , and Yahoo !
Microsoft followed suit shortly thereafter with Microsoft Exchange Instant Messaging , later created a new platform called Microsoft Office Live Communications Server , and released Office Communications Server 2007 in October 2007 .	Microsoft followed suit shortly thereafter with Microsoft Exchange Instant Messaging , and later created a new platform called Microsoft Office Live Communications Server .
The major IM providers usually cite the need for formal agreements , and security concerns as reasons for making these changes .	The major IM providers typically cite the need for formal agreements as well as security concerns as reasons for making these changes .
This agreement enabled AIM , ICQ and MSN Messenger users to talk with Reuters Messaging counterparts and vice-versa .	This historic agreement enabled AIM , ICQ and MSN Messenger users to talk with Reuters Messaging counterparts and vice-versa against an access fee .
For this reason , in April 2007 , the instant messaging client formerly named Gaim ( or gaim ) announced that they would be renamed `` Pidgin '' .	For this reason , the instant messaging client formerly known as Gaim or gaim announced in April 2007 that they would be renamed `` Pidgin '' .
Separately , on October 13 , 2005 , Microsoft and Yahoo !	Separately , on October 13 , 2005 Microsoft and Yahoo !
Certain networks have made changes to prevent them from being used by such multi-network IM clients .	Some networks have made changes to prevent them from being utilized by such multi-network IM clients .
Some instant messaging companies are also offering desktop sharing , IP radio , and IPTV to the voice and video features .	Some newer instant messaging companies are offering desktop sharing , IP radio , and IPTV to the voice and video features .
In most nations , corporations have a legal responsibility to ensure harassment-free work environment for employees .	In most countries , corporations have a legal responsibility to ensure harassment-free work environment for employees .
An effective attack using a poisoned URL may reach tens of thousands of users in a short period when each user 's contact list receives messages appearing to be from a trusted friend .	An effective attack using a `` poison URL '' may reach tens of thousands of people in minutes when each person 's buddy list receives messages appearing to be from a trusted friend .
Viruses , computer worms , and trojans usually propagate by sending themselves rapidly through the infected user 's contact list .	Viruses , worms , and trojans typically propagate by sending themselves rapidly through the infected user 's buddy list .
Other corporate messaging systems allow registered users to also connect from outside the corporation LAN , by using an encrypted , firewall-friendly , HTTPS-based protocol .	Other corporate messaging systems allow registered users to also connect from outside the corporation LAN , by using a secure firewall-friendly HTTPS based protocol .
Although instant messaging delivers many benefits , it also carries with it certain risks and liabilities , particularly when used in workplaces .	Although instant messaging has many good things , it also has risks and liabilities , especially when used in workplaces .
announced that by the 3rd quarter of 2006 they would interoperate using SIP\/SIMPLE , which was followed , in December 2005 , by the AOL and Google strategic partnership deal in which Google Talk users would be able to communicate with AIM and ICQ users provided they have an AIM account .	announced that by ( the Northern Hemisphere ) summer of 2006 they would interoperate using SIP\/SIMPLE which is followed on December 2005 by the AOL and Google strategic partnership deal where Google Talk users would be able to talk with AIM and ICQ users provided they have an identity at AOL .
Most attempts at producing a unified standard for the major IM providers ( AOL , Yahoo !	Sometimes , companies have tried to make one standard for all major IM providers ( AOL , Yahoo !
XMPP servers could act as gateways to other IM protocols , reducing the need to run multiple clients .	Jabber servers could act as gateways to other IM protocols , reducing the need to run multiple clients .
Web conferencing services can integrate both video calling and instant messaging abilities .	Web conferencing services integrate both video conferencing and instant messaging capabilities .
Most nations also regulate use of electronic messaging and electronic records retention in similar fashion as the United States .	Most countries around the world also regulate the use of electronic messaging and electronic records retention in similar fashion to the United States .
In the latter half of the 1980s and into the early 1990s , the Quantum Link online service for Commodore 64 computers offered user-to-user messages between concurrently connected customers , which they called `` On-Line Messages '' ( or OLM for short ) , and later `` FlashMail . ''	In the last half of the 1980s and into the early 1990s , the Quantum Link online service for Commodore 64 computers offered user-to-user messages between currently connected customers which they called `` On-Line Messages '' ( or OLM for short ) .
AOL later acquired Mirabilis , the authors of ICQ ; a few years later ICQ ( now owned by AOL ) was awarded two patents for instant messaging by the U.S. patent office .	A few years later ICQ ( by now owned by AOL ) was awarded two patents for instant messaging by the U.S. patent office .
As of 2010 , leading EIM platforms include IBM Lotus Sametime , Microsoft Office Communications Server , Jabber XCP and Cisco Unified Presence .	Current leading EIM platforms include IBM Lotus Sametime , Microsoft Office Live Communications Server , and Jabber XCP .
Modern , Internet-wide , GUI-based messaging clients as they are known today , began to take off in the mid-1990s with PowWow , ICQ , and AOL Instant Messenger .	Modern , Internet-wide , GUI-based messaging clients , as they are known today , began to take off in the mid 1990s with ICQ ( 1996 ) being the first , followed by AOL Instant Messenger ( AOL Instant Messenger , 1997 ) .
and AOL agreed to a deal in which Microsoft 's Live Communications Server 2005 users would also have the possibility to talk to public instant messaging users .	and AOL came to a deal where Microsoft 's Live Communication Server 2005 ( which is interestingly also used by Reuters for its Reuters Messaging service ) users would also have the possibility to talk to public instant messaging users .
As such , it could be considered a type of graphical user interface ( GUI ) , albeit much more primitive than the later Unix , Windows and Macintosh based GUI IM software .	As such , it could be considered a sort of GUI , albeit much more primitive than the later Unix , Windows and Macintosh based GUI IM programs .
This allows for communication with friends of friends and for the building of chatrooms for instant messages with all friends on that network .	This allows to communicate to friends of friends and build chatrooms for instant messages with all friends on that network .

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