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Existing fossils include a relatively small cranium known as Toumaï ( `` hope of life '' in the local Dazaga language of Chad in central Africa ) , five pieces of jaw , and some teeth , making up a head that has a mixture of derived and primitive features .	Some fossils , a cranium ( skull ) , five pieces of jaw , and some teeth , make up a head that has features that are like both modern and primitive humans .
Pappano is the youngest conductor to lead the orchestra of the ROH , accompanying both the Royal Opera and Royal Ballet .	Pappano is the youngest conductor to lead the Orchestra of the Royal Opera House in London , accompanying both the Royal Opera and Royal Ballet .
When Pappano was 13 years old , he moved with his family to Connecticut , United States .	When he was 13 years old , he moved with his family to Connecticut , in the United States .
After musical training in piano , composition , and conducting , he became a rehearsal accompanist at the New York City Opera by the age of 21 .	He became a rehearsal accompanist at the New York City Opera .
In 2005 he became music director of the Orchestra dell ` Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia .	He is the conductor of the orchestra of the Royal Opera House , Covent Garden in London , and l'Orchestra dell ` Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia in Rome .
Sir Antonio `` Tony '' Pappano ( born 30 December 1959 ) is a British conductor and pianist , music director of the Royal Opera House since 2002 .	Antonio Pappano ( born December 30 , 1959 in Epping ) is a British conductor and pianist of Italian origin .
Pappano was born in Epping , Essex .	Pappano was born in England , but his family had come from Italy .
Lake Huron ( French : Lac Huron ) is one of the five Great Lakes of North America .	Lake Huron is one of North America 's five Great Lakes .
It is bounded on the east by the Canadian province of Ontario and on the west by the state of Michigan in the United States .	Lake Huron borders the Canadian province of Ontario and the American state of Michigan .
Today , atomic physics primarily considers atoms in isolation .	Atomic physics always considers atoms in isolation .
Today , the city of Providence is home to eight hospitals and seven institutions of higher learning , which has shifted the city 's economy into service industries , though it still retains significant manufacturing activity .	Today , the City of Providence is home to eight hospitals and seven institutions of higher learning , which has shifted the city 's economy into service industries , although it still retains significant manufacturing activity .
Providence is the capital and most populous city in Rhode Island .	Providence is the capital and most populous city of Rhode Island .
I-95 runs from north to south through Providence while I-195 connects the city to eastern Rhode Island and southeastern Massachusetts , including New Bedford , Massachusetts , and Cape Cod .	I-195 connects the city to eastern Rhode Island and southeastern Massachusetts , including New Bedford , Massachusetts , and Cape Cod .
The city is situated at the mouth of the Providence River , at the head of Narragansett Bay .	Providence is at the mouth of the Providence River , at the head of Narragansett Bay .
Providence was founded by Roger Williams , a religious exile from the Massachusetts Bay Colony .	Providence was founded in 1636 by Roger Williams , a religious exile from the Massachusetts Bay Colony .
He named the area in honor of `` God 's merciful Providence '' , which he believed was responsible for revealing such a haven for him and his followers to settle .	He named the area in honor of `` God 's merciful Providence '' which he believed was responsible for revealing such a haven for him and his followers to settle .
The city has commissioned and begun a long-term project , the Iway , to move I-195 not only for safety reasons , but also to free up land and to reunify the Jewelry District with Downcity Providence , which had been split from one another by the highway .	The city 's Iway project is moving I-195 to free up land and to reunify the Jewelry District with Downcity Providence .
It is located in Providence County , and is the third-largest city in the New England region .	It is the third largest city in the New England region .
According to the City 's 2009 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report , the top ten employers in the city are : The flagship campuses of five of Rhode Island 's colleges and universities are in Providence ( city proper ) : In addition , the Community College of Rhode Island ( Downcity and Liston campuses ) , Roger Williams University ( Providence campus ) and University of Rhode Island ( Providence campus ) have satellite campuses in the city .	The flagship campuses of five of Rhode Island 's colleges and universities are in Providence ( city proper ) :
Providence has a city population of 182,042 and is part of the 37th-largest metropolitan population in the country , with an estimated population of 1,600,856 , exceeding that of Rhode Island by about 60 % , as it extends into southern Massachusetts .	The area is the 37th largest metropolitan population in the country , with an estimated MSA population of 1,600,856 .
The closest the voting for the Hart Trophy has ever come was in the 2001-02 season , when Jose Theodore and Jarome Iginla tied in the total voting .	The closest vote for the trophy was in 2002 , when Jose Theodore and Jarome Iginla tied ; Theodore won because he had more first-place votes .
The Hart Memorial Trophy , originally known as the Hart Trophy , is awarded annually to the `` player judged most valuable to his team '' in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) .	The Hart Trophy is given to the most valuable player of the National Hockey League every year .
The Australian Football League ( AFL ) is the highest-level professional competition in the sport of Australian rules football .	The Australian Football League ( AFL ) is the Australian national league in the sport of Australian Rules Football .
The top eight teams then play off in a finals series culminating in the AFL Grand Final , which is held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground each year .	These matches are followed by a series of finals matches which end up in the two best teams playing off for the premiership in the AFL Grand Final , one of the largest domestic club championship events in the world .
Aracaju is the capital and the largest city in the state .	Aracaju is the capital and largest city .
A small strip of tropical rainforest runs down the coast .	A strip of rainforest runs down the Atlantic coast .
The next most seismically active region ( 5-6 % of earthquakes and 17 % of the world 's largest earthquakes ) is the Alpide belt , which extends from Java to Sumatra through the Himalayas , the Mediterranean , and out into the Atlantic .	The next most seismic region ( 5-6 % of earthquakes and 17 % of the world 's largest earthquakes ) is the Alpide belt , which extends from Java to Sumatra through the Himalayas , the Mediterranean , and out into the Atlantic .
The Ring of Fire is a direct result of plate tectonics and the movement and collisions of lithospheric plates .	The Ring of Fire is a direct result of plate tectonics and the movement and collisions of crustal plates .
About 90 % of the world 's earthquakes and 81 % of the world 's largest earthquakes occur along the Ring of Fire .	About 90 % of the world 's earthquakes and 80 % of the world 's largest earthquakes occur along the Ring of Fire .
Postmodernist ideas in philosophy and the analysis of culture and society expanded the importance of critical theory and has been the point of departure for works of literature , architecture , and design , as well as being visible in marketing\/business and the interpretation of history , law and culture , starting in the late 20th century .	Postmodernist ideas can be seen in philosophy , the study of culture and society , literature , architecture , design , as well as in history and law .
In 1949 the term was used to describe a dissatisfaction with modern architecture , and led to the postmodern architecture movement , perhaps also a response to the modernist architectural movement known as the International Style .	Some of them started the postmodern architecture movement .
Blake Austin Griffin ( born March 16 , 1989 ) is an American professional basketball player who currently plays for the Los Angeles Clippers of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) .	Blake Austin Griffin ( born March 16 , 1989 ) is an American basketball player .
In his debut for the Clippers against the Portland Trail Blazers , Griffin scored 20 points and registered 14 rebounds .	Griffin scored 20 points and had 14 rebounds , although the Clippers lost to the Portland Trail Blazers , 98-88 .
In his first season , he broke his left kneecap during the final pre-season game , had surgery , and missed the entire 2009-10 season .	However , Griffin broke a kneecap during the preseason and missed the entire 2009-2010 season .
He was selected as the first overall pick by the Los Angeles Clippers in the 2009 NBA Draft .	In the 2009 NBA Draft , the Clippers chose him with the first pick .
He made his NBA debut as a rookie the following season , in which he was selected as an All-Star , won the 2011 NBA Slam Dunk Contest , and was named the NBA Rookie of the Year .	He was chosen to be in the slam dunk contest during the 2011 NBA All-Star Weekend , and was also chosen to play in the 2011 NBA All-Star Game .
Amiri Baraka died on January 9 , 2014 , at Beth Israel Medical Center in Newark , New Jersey , after being hospitalized in the facility 's intensive care unit for one month prior to his death .	The following is from a 1965 essay : Baraka died January 9 , 2014 in Newark , New Jersey after being hospitalized in the facility 's intensive care unit for one month prior to his death .
Amiri Baraka ( born Everett LeRoi Jones ; October 7 , 1934 - January 9 , 2014 ) , formerly known as LeRoi Jones and Imamu Amear Baraka , was an African-American writer of poetry , drama , fiction , essays and music criticism .	Amiri Baraka ( October 7 , 1934 - January 9 , 2014 ) was an American writer .
The cause of death was not reported initially , but it is mentioned that Baraka had a long struggle with diabetes .	Baraka had diabetes .
The new king Leo II was known as a pious king , devoted to Christianity .	He was known as a pious king , devoted to Christianity .
In 1262 Leo married Keran ( Kir Anna ) , the daughter of Prince Hetoum of Lampron .	In 1262 Leo married Keran ( Kir Anna ) , the daughter of Prince Hethum of Lampron .
Leo II or Leon II ( occasionally numbered Leo III ; Armenian : Լեւոն Բ , Levon II ; c. 1236 - 1289 ) was king of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia , ruling from 1269\/1270 to 1289 .	Leo ( or Leon ) III of Armenia ( c.1236-1289 ) was king of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia , ruling from 1270 to 1289 .
In 1266 , while their father king Hetoum I was away to visit the Mongol court , Leo and his younger brother Thoros fought to repel Mamluk invaders , at the Battle of Mari .	In 1266 Leo was captured and his younger brother Thoros killed while fighting the Mamluk invaders .
The dimensions of the field are : length 180 to 220 m ( 196.9 to 240.6 yd ) , width 80 to 90 m ( 87 to 98 yd ) .	The field is : length 180 to 220 m ( 196.9 to 240.6 yd ) , width 80 to 90 m ( 87 to 98 yd ) .
A closed net , extending for 140 cm ( 4.6 ft ) , holds the ball after goals are scored .	A closed net , going up for 140 cm ( 4.6 ft ) , holds the ball after goals are scored .
During the tug itself , or cinchada , both players must stand on the stirrups and avoid sitting on the saddle , while the hand not involved in the tugging must hold the reins .	During the tug itself , or cinchada , both players must stand on the stirrups and not sit on the saddle .
The player that has control of the pato ( i.e. holds the ball by a handle ) must ride with his right arm outstretched , offering the pato so rival players have a chance of tugging the pato and stealing it .	The player that has control of the pato ( i.e. holds the ball by a handle ) must ride with his right arm outstretched .
Not extending the arm while riding with the pato is an offense called negada ( refusal ) .	Not holding his arm out while riding with the pato is an offense called negada ( refusal ) .
Its diameter is 40 cm ( 15.7 in ) handle-to-handle and its weight is 1050 to 1250 g ( 2.3 to 2.8 lbs ) .	The weight is 1050 to 1250 g ( 2.3 to 2.8 lbs ) .
In 1796 , a Catholic priest insisted that pato players who died in such a way should be denied Christian burial .	In 1796 , a Catholic priest said that pato players who died this way should not get Christian burial .
Pato is Spanish for `` duck '' , as early games used a live duck inside a basket instead of a ball .	The early games used a live duck inside a basket instead of a ball .
The game gained legitimacy , to the point that President Juan Perón declared pato to be Argentina 's national game in 1953 .	President Juan Perón made pato Argentina 's national game in 1953 .
The rings have a 100 cm ( 3.3 ft ) diameter , and are located atop 240 cm ( 7.9 ft ) high poles .	They are on 240 cm ( 7.9 ft ) high poles .
During the 1930s , pato was regulated through the efforts of ranch owner Alberto del Castillo Posse , who drafted a set of rules inspired by modern polo .	During the 1930s , pato had rules added by ranch owner Alberto del Castillo Posse .
The first team to reach its own casco ( ranch house ) with the duck would be declared the winner .	The first team to reach its own ranch house with the duck was the winner .
It is the national sport of Argentina since 1953 .	It is the national sport of Argentina .
Pato was banned several times during its history because of the violence-not only to the duck ; many gauchos were trampled underfoot , and many more lost their lives in knife fights started in the heat of the game .	This was due to the violence-not only to the duck ; many gauchos were trampled underfoot .
Accounts of early versions of pato have been written since 1610 .	Pato has been written about since 1610 .
The winner is the team with most goals scored after regulation time ( six 8-minute `` periods '' ) .	The winner is the team with most goals scored after the time is done .
Because of its vast dimensions , it is sometimes called The River Sea .	Because of its size , it is sometimes called The River Sea .
Smaller riverboats can reach 780 kilometres ( 480 mi ) higher as far as Achual Point .	Smaller riverboats can reach 780 km ( 486 mi ) higher as far as Actual Point .
Smaller ocean vessels of 3,000 tons or 9,000 tons and 5.5 metres ( 18 ft ) draft can reach as far as Iquitos , Peru , 3,600 kilometres ( 2,200 mi ) from the sea .	Smaller ocean ships of 3,000 tons and 7.9 m ( 26 ft ) draft can reach as far as Iquitos in Peru , 3,700 km ( 2,300 miles ) from the sea .
The Amazon , which has the largest drainage basin in the world , about 7,050,000 square kilometres ( 2,720,000 sq mi ) , accounts for approximately one-fifth of the world 's total river flow .	The Amazon has the largest drainage basin in the world .
Manaus alone represents approximately 50 % of the population of the Brazilian state of Amazonas , which is the largest state .	The biggest city on the river is Manaus , which is also the capital of the Brazilian State of Amazonas .
This smaller piece of dough can be cooked or added back to the batch to make more doughnuts .	This smaller piece of dough can be cooked or re-added to the batch to make more doughnuts .
Ring doughnuts are formed by joining the ends of a long , skinny piece of dough into a ring or by using a doughnut cutter , which simultaneously cuts the outside and inside shape , leaving a doughnut-shaped piece of dough and a doughnut hole from dough removed from the center .	Ring doughnuts are made by joining the ends of a long , thin piece of dough into a ring or by using a doughnut cutter , which perfectly cuts the outside and inside shape , leaving a doughnut-shaped piece of dough and a doughnut hole from dough removed from the center .
Alternatively , a doughnut depositor can be used to place a circle of liquid dough ( batter ) directly into the fryer .	Or , a doughnut depositor can be used to place a circle of liquid dough ( batter ) into the deep fryer .
Cake doughnuts are fried for about 90 seconds at approximately 190 ° C to 198 ° C , turning once .	Cake doughnuts are fried for about 90 seconds at about 190 ° C to 198 ° C , turning once .
Yeast-raised doughnuts contain about 25 % oil by weight , whereas cake doughnuts ' oil content is around 20 % , but they have extra fat included in the batter before frying .	Yeast-raised doughnuts contain about 25 % oil by weight , whereas cake doughnuts ' oil content is around 20 % , but they have extra fat in the batter before frying .
A disk-shaped doughnut can also be stretched and pinched into a torus until the center breaks to form a hole .	A disk-shaped doughnut can also be stretched and molded into a torus until the center breaks to form a hole .
Yeast-raised doughnuts absorb more oil because they take longer to fry , about 150 seconds , at 182 ° C to 190 ° C. Cake doughnuts typically weigh between 24 g and 28 g , whereas yeast-raised doughnuts average 38 g and are generally larger when finished .	Yeast-raised doughnuts absorb more oil because they take longer to fry , about 150 seconds , at 182 ° C to 190 ° C. Cake doughnuts normally weigh between 24 g and 28 g , whereas yeast-raised doughnuts normally are 38 g and are mostly larger when finished .
There are two types of ring doughnuts , those made from a yeast-based dough for raised doughnuts or made from a special type of cake batter .	Doughnuts can be made from a yeast-based dough for more puffy doughnuts or a special type of cake batter .
Doughnuts are ubiquitous in the United States and can be found in most grocery stores , as well as in specialty doughnut shops .	Doughnuts are sold at doughnut shops , bakeries , or grocery stores .
Raised doughnuts are generally covered with a glaze ( icing ) .	Most doughnuts have an icing ( also called a `` frosting '' ) made with icing sugar , water , and flavourings ( such as chocolate ) .
Variants of the 1970s often have little or no concavity , whereas 1980s models have deeper concavities and steeper kicktails .	Different kinds of the 1970s often have little or no concavity , whereas 1980s models have deeper concavities and steeper kicktails .
The longboard , a common variant of the skateboard , has a longer deck .	The longboard , a common different kind of skateboard , has a longer deck .
`` Old school '' boards ( those made in the 1970s-80s or modern boards that mimic their shape ) are generally wider and often have only one kicktail .	`` Old school '' boards ( those made in the 1970s-80s ) are mostly wider and often have only one kicktail .
The underside of the deck can be printed with a design by the manufacturer , blank , or decorated by any other means .	The bottom of the deck can be printed with a design by the maker .
Skateboard decks are usually between 28 and 33 inches ( 71.12 and 83.82 centimetres ) long .	Skateboard decks are normally between 28 and 33 inches long .
Skateboards have three axes .	As more skateboards were made , more people liked the new sport .
The British Antarctic Territory ( BAT ) is a sector of Antarctica claimed by the United Kingdom as one of its 14 British Overseas Territories .	The British Antarctic Territory is a sector of Antarctica claimed by the United Kingdom and is a British overseas territory .
The British Antarctic Territory includes the Antarctic Peninsula , the South Shetland Islands , South Orkney Islands and numerous other offshore islands , the Ronne Ice Shelf ( Weddell Sea ) , parts of Coats Land .	In addition to continental Antarctica , within which the BAT claim includes the Palmer Land peninsula , and the Ronne Ice Shelf , Weddell Sea , the territory also includes the South Shetland Islands and South Orkney Islands .
The United Kingdom has had a continuous presence in the far South Atlantic since 1833 when it reasserted sovereignty over the Falkland Islands .	The United Kingdom has had a presence in the South Atlantic since 1833 when it occupied the Falkland Islands .
The territory is inhabited by the staff of research and support stations operated and maintained by the British Antarctic Survey and other organizations , and stations of Argentina , Chile and other countries .	Before 1962 , the area now covered by the Territory comprised three separate dependencies of the Falkland Islands ; The Territory overlaps other claims on Antarctica by Argentina and Chile The Territory is inhabited largely by the staff of research and support stations operated and maintained by the British Antarctic Survey and other organizations .
Protein structures are usually determined from either 2-dimensional crystals ( sheets or helices ) , polyhedrons such as viral capsids , or dispersed individual proteins .	Protein structures are usually done from 2-dimensional crystals ( sheets or helices ) , polyhedrons such as viral capsids , or dispersed proteins .
Since then , several other high-resolution structures have been determined by electron crystallography , including the light-harvesting complex , the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor , and the bacterial flagellum .	Since then , several other high-resolution structures have been done by electron crystallography , including the light-harvesting complex , and the bacterial flagellum .
For this , and his studies on virus structures and transfer-RNA , Klug received the Nobel Prize for chemistry in 1982 .	The method was invented by Aaron Klug , who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for this , and his studies on virus structures and transfer RNA , in 1982 .
Stratigraphers have codified a basic concept of their discipline in the Law of Superposition , which simply states that , in an undeformed stratigraphic sequence , the oldest strata occur at the base of the sequence .	One of stratigraphy 's basic concepts is codified in the law of superposition , which simply states that , in an undeformed stratigraphic sequence , the oldest strata occur at the base of the sequence .
It provides strong evidence for formation ( speciation ) of and the extinction of species .	It gives evidence of the formation ( speciation ) and extinction of species .
This timescale remained a relative scale until the development of radiometric dating , which gave it and the stratigraphy it was based on an absolute time framework , leading to the development of chronostratigraphy .	This timescale remained a relative scale until the development of radiometric dating , which gave it an absolute time framework .
Biostratigraphy or paleontologic stratigraphy is based on fossil evidence in the rock layers .	Biostratigraphy is based on fossil evidence in the rock layers .
Stratigraphy is a branch of geology which studies rock layers ( strata ) and layering ( stratification ) .	Stratigraphy is a branch of geology which studies rock formations ( layers ) .
Strata from widespread locations containing the same fossil fauna and flora are correlatable in time .	Strata from widespread locations containing the same fossil fauna and flora are laid down at the same time .
Biologic stratigraphy was based on William Smith 's principle of faunal succession , which predated , and was one of the first and most powerful lines of evidence for , biological evolution .	Biostratigraphy was based on William Smith 's principle of faunal succession , which was one of the first and most powerful lines of evidence for evolution .
It is primarily used in the study of sedimentary and layered volcanic rocks .	It is important in the study of sedimentary and layered vocanic rocks .
Andalusia is in the south of the Iberian peninsula , immediately south of the autonomous communities of Extremadura and Castile-La Mancha ; west of the autonomous community of Murcia and the Mediterranean Sea ; east of Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean ; and north of the Mediterranean Sea and the Strait of Gibraltar .	Andalusia is in the south of the Iberian peninsula , just to the south of the autonomous communities of Extremadura and Castile-La Mancha ; west of the autonomous community of Murcia and the Mediterranean Sea ; east of Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean ; and north of the Mediterranean Sea and the Strait of Gibraltar .
The small British overseas territory of Gibraltar shares a three-quarter-mile land border with the Andalusian province of Cádiz at the eastern end of the Strait of Gibraltar .	The small British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar shares a land border with the Andalusian province of Cádiz at the eastern end of the Strait of Gibraltar .
This asymmetry divides the region naturally into Upper Andalusia ( two mountainous areas ) and Lower Andalusia ( the broad basin of the Guadalquivir ) .	These differences divide the region naturally into Upper Andalusia ( two mountainous areas ) and Lower Andalusia ( the broad basin of the Guadalquivir ) .
The Andalusian coat of arms shows the figure of Hercules and two lions between the two pillars of Hercules that tradition situates on either side of the Strait of Gibraltar .	The Andalusian coat of arms shows the figure of Hercules and two lions between the two pillars of Hercules that tradition puts on both sides of the Strait of Gibraltar .
An inscription below , superimposed on an image of the flag of Andalusia reads Andalucía por sí , para España y la Humanidad ( `` Andalusia by herself , for Spain and Humanity '' ) .	The words below read Andalucía por sí , para España y la Humanidad ( `` Andalusia by herself , for Spain and Humanity '' ) .

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