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Having been made a knight of the Order of the Thistle in 1962 , he was known after stepping down from the Lords as Sir Alec Douglas-Home .	He had been made a Knight of the Thistle in 1962 .
Also , cigar holders may refer to a tube in which the cigar is held while smoked .	A cigar is a form in which tobacco is smoked .
Recently he has worked with Gwen Stefani on her solo albums and on U2 's 2004 release How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb , for which he won a Grammy Award .	Most recently he has worked with Gwen Stefani on her solo albums and on U2 's 2004 release How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb , for which he won a Grammy Award .
Born in Bristol , Hooper began his career as a DJ and as a member of the Wild Bunch , the Bristol-based group that would turn into Massive Attack .	Hooper began his career as a DJ and as a member of the Wild Bunch , the Bristol-based group that would turn into Massive Attack .
He also produced the debut solo album of Andrea Corr of The Corrs , entitled Ten Feet High which was released on 25 June 2007 .	He also produced the first solo album of Andrea Corr of The Corrs , entitled Ten Feet High which was released on June 25 , 2007 .
Between 1989 and 1992 he produced the debut albums for Soul II Soul ( Club Classics Vol .	Between 1989 and 1992 he produced the first albums for Soul II Soul ( Club Classics Vol .
In the late 1990s Hooper set up the Meanwhile imprint , which is a subsidiary of Virgin Records .	In the late 1990s Hooper set up the Meanwhile imprint , which is a company part of Virgin Records .
He also debuted as a motion picture music composer with famed Scottish composer Craig Armstrong and Marius De Vries for the soundtrack for Baz Luhrmann 's Romeo + Juliet in 1996 .	He also started being a motion picture music composer with famed Scottish composer Craig Armstrong and Marius De Vries for the soundtrack for Baz Luhrmann 's Romeo + Juliet in 1996 .
Hooper continued to work steadily into the 2000s .	Hooper continued to work slowly into the 2000s .
The Ulster Volunteer Force ( UVF ) is a loyalist paramilitary group in Northern Ireland .	The Ulster Volunteer Force ( UVF ) is a Loyalist paramilitary ( civilians trained as soldiers ) group formed in 1966 .
More militant members of the UVF , led by Billy Wright who disagreed with the ceasefire , broke away to form the Loyalist Volunteer Force ( LVF ) .	They immediately set up the Loyalist Volunteer Force ( LVF ) .
Furthermore , Gajdusek openly admits to molesting boys and his approval of incest .	Gajdusek openly admitted molesting boys and his approval of incest .
In 1954 he went to work as a visiting investigator at the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research in Melbourne , Australia .	In 1954 he went to work at the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research in Melbourne , Australia .
In contrast , many other researchers , including Robert Klitzman , S. Lindenbaum , R. Glasse , and kuru field researchers at the Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research have documented reports that confirm the practice of cannibalism .	Many other researchers , including Robert Klitzman , S. Lindenbaum , R. Glasse , and researchers at the Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research have made reports that say that the cannibalism still happened .
Gajdusek became head of the laboratories for virological and neurological research at the National Institutes of Health ( NIH ) in 1958 and was inducted to the National Academy of Sciences in 1974 in the discipline of microbial biology .	Gajdusek became head of the laboratories for virological and neurological research at the National Institutes of Health ( NIH ) in 1958 .
Gajdusek 's best-known work focused on kuru .	Gajdusek 's best-known work was on kuru .
He obtained an M.D. from Harvard University in 1946 and performed postdoctoral research at Columbia University , the California Institute of Technology , and Harvard .	His postdoctoral research was done at Columbia University , the California Institute of Technology , and Harvard .
This disease was rampant among the South Fore people of New Guinea in the 1950s and 1960s .	This disease was affecting many people among the South Fore people of New Guinea in the 1950s and 1960s .
Willam Arens , an anthropologist known for his criticism of reports of learned cannibalism , claims that Gajdusek never actually witnessed cannibalism himself .	Willam Arens , an anthropologist , says that Gajdusek never saw cannibalism himself .
Gajdusek was charged with child molestation in April 1996 , based on incriminating entries in his personal diary and statements from a victim .	Gajdusek was charged with child molestation in April 1996 .
In the course of his research trips in the South Pacific , Gajdusek had brought 56 mostly male children back to live with him in the United States , and provided them with the opportunity to receive high school and college education .	During his trips in the South Pacific , Gajdusek had brought 56 children back to live with him in the United States .
Gajdusek 's father , Karol Gajdusek , was from Smrdáky , Kingdom of Hungary now in Slovakia and was an ethnic Slovak who was a butcher .	Gajdusek 's father , Karol Gajdusek , was from Büdöskö , Kingdom of Hungary , now Smrdáky , Slovakia . He was an ethnic Slovak who was a butcher .
Gajdusek was born in Yonkers , New York , and graduated in 1943 from the University of Rochester , where he studied physics , biology , chemistry and mathematics .	Gajdusek was born in Yonkers , New York .
Further research on the scrapie agent by Stanley Prusiner and others led to the identification of endogenous proteins called prions as the cause of these diseases .	Other research by Stanley Prusiner and others led to the finding of proteins called prions that caused these disease and other similar diseases .
He lived among the Fore , studied their language and culture , and performed autopsies on kuru victims .	He lived among the Fore and studied their language and culture .
There , he began the work that culminated in the Nobel prize .	In Australia , he began the work that led to his getting the Nobel Prize .
Gajdusek connected the spread of the disease to the practice of funerary cannibalism by the South Fore .	Gajdusek felt there was a connect between the spread of the disease and the funerary cannibalism by the South Fore people .
Daniel Carleton Gajdusek ( pronounced GUY-dah-shek ; September 9 , 1923 - December 12 , 2008 ) was an American physician and medical researcher who was the co-recipient ( with Baruch S. Blumberg ) of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1976 for work on kuru , the first human prion disease demonstrated to be infectious .	Daniel Carleton Gajdusek ( September 9 , 1923 - December 12 , 2008 ) was an American physician and medical researcher .
While Gajdusek 's work is generally accepted by the medical community , some have questioned whether cannibalism was still practiced at the time of Gajdusek 's research .	Some people in the medical community , do not think that cannibalism was still practiced when Gajdusek did his research .
Researchers who worked with the Fore in the 1950s claimed that cannibalism was suppressed in 1948 , almost a decade before Gajdusek arrived in New Guinea .	Researchers who worked with the Fore in the 1950s say that cannibalism was stopped in 1948 .
He then proved this hypothesis by successfully transmitting the disease to primates and demonstrating that it had an unusually long incubation period of several years .	He proved this idea by infecting primates with the disease and showing that it had an very long incubation period of several years .
His maternal grandparents , ethnic Hungarians of the Calvinist faith , emigrated from Debrecen , Hungary .	His mother 's parents from Debrecen , Hungary .
Karl Michael Ziehrer ( also spelled as Carl Michael Ziehrer ) ( May 2 , 1843 - November 14 , 1922 ) was an Austrian composer .	Karl Michael Ziehrer ( also spelled as Carl Michael Ziehrer ) ( May 2 , 1843 - November 14 , 1922 ) was an Austrian composer of light music such as waltzes and polkas .
Born in Vienna , Ziehrer was taught music by Simon Sechter , a famous Viennese music theorist and pedagogue and Johann Emanuel Hasel .	He was taught music by Simon Sechter , a famous Viennese hat-maker .
In his lifetime , he was one of the fiercest rivals of the Strauss family ; most notably Johann Strauss II and Eduard Strauss .	He was one of the musical rivals of Johann Strauss II , another composer of light music in Vienna .
It is impossible to tune the twelve-note chromatic scale so that all intervals are `` perfect '' .	Here are some of the main ways of tuning the twelve-note chromatic scale which have been developed in order to get round the problem that an instrument can not be tuned so that all intervals are `` perfect '' :
A tuning fork or electronic tuning device may be used as a reference pitch , though in ensemble rehearsals often a piano is used ( as its pitch can not be adjusted for each rehearsal ) .	There are also electronic tuning devices .
The impala ( Aepyceros melampus ) is a medium-sized African antelope .	An impala ( Aepyceros melampus ) is a medium-sized African antelope .
The vernacular name `` impala '' comes from the Zulu language meaning `` gazelle '' .	The name `` impala '' comes from the Zulu language .
Its name is Latin for `` water-carrier '' or `` cup-carrier '' , and its symbol is ( Unicode ♒ ) , a representation of water .	Its name is Latin for `` water-carrier '' or `` cup-carrier '' , and its symbol is ( Unicode ♒ ) , which represents water .
It was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century AD astronomer Ptolemy , and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations .	It is also one of the 88 modern constellations .
Aquarius is a constellation of the zodiac , situated between Capricornus and Pisces .	Aquarius is a constellation of the zodiac .
In the following years , he and John T. Robinson made a series of spectacular finds , including fragments from six hominids in Sterkfontein , which they named Plesianthropus transvaalensis , popularly called Mrs. Ples , but which was later classified as an adult Australopithecus africanus , as well as more discoveries at sites in Kromdraai and Swartkrans .	In the following years , he and John T. Robinson made a series of spectacular finds , including fragments from six hominids in Sterkfontein , which they named Plesianthropus transvaalensis , but which was later classified as an adult Australopithecus africanus , as well as more discoveries at sites in Kromdraai and Swartkrans .
Robert Broom FRS ( 30 November 1866 , Paisley - 6 April 1951 ) was a Scottish South African doctor and paleontologist .	Professor Robert Broom ( 30 November 1866 , Paisley - 6 April 1951 ) was a Scottish , and later South African , doctor and paleontologist .
Shortly before his death he finished a monograph on the Australopithecines and remarked to his nephew : `` Now that 's finished ... and so am I. '' Broom was a nonconformist and was deeply interested in the paranormal and spiritualism , he was a critic of Darwinism and materialism .	Shortly before his death he finished a monograph on the Australopithecines and remarked to his nephew : `` Now that 's finished ... and so am I '' .
Smuts , exerting pressure on the South African government , managed to obtain a position for Broom in 1934 with the staff of the Transvaal Museum in Pretoria as an Assistant in Palaeontology .	Smuts put pressure on the South African government , and managed to get a position for Broom .
They had two children , a son , Caractacus ( born December 1967 ) , a musician and recording engineer , and a daughter , Boudicca ( born 1970 ) , a video producer .	They had two children : a son , Caractacus ( born December 1967 ) , who became a musician and recording engineer , and a daughter , Boudicca , who became a video producer .
Downes was born in Birmingham , England in 1924 , the son of a bank teller .	Downes was born in Birmingham , England .
He was Chief Conductor of the Netherlands Radio Orchestra until 1983 .	He was Chief Conductor of the Netherlands Radio Orchestra and the BBC Philharmonic .
Elsewhere , he became the Australian Opera 's Music Director in 1970 , conducting the first performance in the Sydney Opera House in 1973 , the Australian premiere of War and Peace by Sergei Prokofiev .	He conducted the first performance in the new Sydney Opera House in 1973 conducting Prokofiev 's opera War and Peace .
After the company 's temporary closure in 1951 , Downes began a long and fruitful association with the Royal Opera House , Covent Garden in 1952 with his appointment as an assistant to Rafael Kubelík .	In 1952 he started his work in the Royal Opera House , Covent Garden where he was assistant to Rafael Kubelík .
In 1955 he married Joan Weston , a dancer with the Royal Ballet .	In the 1960s , he married Joan , a dancer with the Royal Ballet .
Matthew James Bellamy ( born 9 June 1978 ) is an English musician , singer , songwriter , multi-instrumentalist and composer .	Matthew Bellamy ( born 9 June 1978 ) is an English singer .
He is best known as the lead vocalist , lead guitarist , pianist , and main songwriter of the rock band Muse .	He is the lead singer of the band Muse .
After the divorce of Bellamy 's parents , he lived with his mother and brother .	Bellamy 's parents divorced before he reached fourteen years of age .
Bellamy 's father , George , from Sunderland was rhythm guitarist in the 1960s pop group The Tornados , who were the first British band to have a United States number one song , with `` Telstar '' .	George Bellamy was also a guitarist and was in a band called `` The Tornados '' , who had a number-one hit in the United States with the song `` Telstar '' .
In the mid-1980s , the family moved to Teignmouth , Devon .	His parents moved with him to Teignmouth in Devon in the mid 1980s .
It is a co-production between Graham King 's GK Films and Johnny Depp 's Infinitum Nihil .	It is a co-production of Graham King 's GK Films and Johnny Depp 's Infinitum Nihil .
The film stars Asa Butterfield , Chloë Grace Moretz , Ben Kingsley , Sacha Baron Cohen , Helen McCrory , Ray Winstone , Emily Mortimer , Jude Law , and Christopher Lee .	It stars Asa Butterfield , Ben Kingsley , Sacha Baron Cohen , Ray Winstone , Emily Mortimer , and Jude Law .
Hugo is a 2011 3D historical adventure drama film based on Brian Selznick 's novel The Invention of Hugo Cabret about a boy who lives alone in the Gare Montparnasse railway station in Paris .	Hugo is a 2011 American 3D adventure drama movie that is based on Brian Selznick 's novel The Invention of Hugo Cabret .
The film has appeared on the following critics ' top ten lists for the best films of 2011 :	In the end , the children reconnect Georges with his past and with a new generation of cinema aficionados who have come to appreciate his work The movie has appeared on the following critics ' top ten lists for the best movies of 2011 :
It is directed and co-produced by Martin Scorsese and adapted for the screen by John Logan .	It was directed by Martin Scorsese , while the screenwriter was John Logan .
When it is finished , however , it is still missing one part : a heart-shaped key that goes into the back of the automaton to make it work .	The automaton is missing one part - a heart-shaped key .
Hugo is Scorsese 's first film shot in 3D , of which the filmmaker remarked : `` I found 3D to be really interesting , because the actors were more upfront emotionally .	Hugo is Scorsese 's first movie to be shot in 3D .
In 2010 the airport served about 18.1 million passengers .	In 2010 , the airport served about 18.1 million passengers .
A commuter terminal was constructed in 1970 .	A commuter terminal was built in 1970 .
The airport opened June 16 , 1941 .	The airport opened on June 16 , 1941 .
The Boeing 737 aircraft failed to gain altitude .	The Boeing 737 aircraft could not gain altitude .
US Airways Shuttle has near-hourly air shuttle flights to New York LaGuardia Airport and Logan International Airport in Boston , and Delta Air Lines ' Delta Shuttle has near-hourly air shuttle flights to LaGuardia .	The US Airways Shuttle has air shuttle service to LaGuardia Airport in New York City and Logan International Airport in Boston , Massachusetts .
Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport ( IATA : DCA , ICAO : KDCA , FAA LID : DCA ) is a public airport 3 miles ( 4.8 km ) south of downtown Washington , D.C. , in Arlington County , Virginia .	Washington National Airport ( IATA : DCA , ICAO : KDCA , FAA LID : DCA ) is an airport near Washington , D.C. .
The constitutionality of the review panel was later challenged in the Supreme Court and the Court has twice declared the oversight panel unconstitutional .	The constitutionality of the review panel was later challenged in the Supreme Court .
In 1945 Congress passed a law that established the airport was legally within Virginia but under the jurisdiction of the federal government .	In 1945 , Congress passed a law that said that the airport was in Virginia but under the control of the federal government .
In 1930 the Depression caused the two terminals to merge to form Washington-Hoover Airport .	In 1930 , the economics of the Great Depression caused the two terminals to join to form Washington-Hoover Airport .
On the afternoon of January 13 , 1982 , following a period of exceptionally cold weather and a morning of blizzard conditions , Air Florida Flight 90 crashed after waiting forty-nine minutes on a taxiway and taking off with ice and snow on the wings .	On the afternoon of January 13 , 1982 , after some very cold weather and a morning of blizzard conditions , Air Florida Flight 90 crashed on take-off .
The commission recommended that one multi-state agency administer both Dulles and National , over the alternative of having Virginia control Dulles and the District of Columbia control National .	The other choice was to have Virginia control Dulles and the District of Columbia control National .
Construction of Washington National Airport began in 1940-41 by a company led by John McShain .	It was done by a company led by John McShain .
The Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority ( MWAA ) operates the airport with close oversight by the federal government due to its proximity to the national capital .	The Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority ( MWAA ) is in control of the airport .
Reagan National is a hub for US Airways , Reagan National 's largest carrier .	Reagan National is a focus city for US Airways .
The following year Washington Airport , another privately operated field , began service next door .	It was another privately operated field .
Due to heroic action on the part of motorists , a United States Park Service police helicopter crew , and one of the plane 's passengers who later perished , five occupants of the downed plane survived .	With the help of people in the cars , a United States Park Service police helicopter crew , and one of the plane 's passengers who later died , five people on the plane were saved .
The advent of jet aircraft as well as traffic growth led Congress to pass the Washington Airport Act of 1950 , which resulted in the opening of Dulles Airport in 1962 .	Because of the use of jet aircraft and the amount of traffic , Congress passed the Washington Airport Act of 1950 .
Hoover Field , near the present site of the Pentagon , was the first major terminal to be developed in the Capital area , opening its doors in 1926 .	Hoover Field was the first major terminal in the Washington area .
Less than 1 statute mile ( 1.6 km ) from the end of the runway , the airplane struck the 14th Street Bridge complex , shearing the tops off vehicles stuck in traffic before plunging through the 1-inch-thick ( 25 mm ) ice covering the Potomac River .	Less than 1 mile ( 1.6 km ) from the end of the runway , the airplane hit the 14th Street Bridge .
It is the commercial airport nearest to Washington , D.C. For decades it was called Washington National Airport ; it was renamed in 1998 to honor former U.S. President Ronald Reagan .	It is the commercial airport closest to Washington , D.C. .
In 1984 Secretary of Transportation Elizabeth Dole appointed a commission to study transferring National and Dulles Airports from the Federal Aviation Administration ( FAA ) to a local entity , which could use airport revenues to finance improvements .	In 1984 , Secretary of Transportation Elizabeth Dole created a group to look into moving control of National and Dulles Airports from the Federal Aviation Administration ( FAA ) to a local groups .
Service to the airport 's Metro station began in 1977 .	The name of the airport 's Metro station is still `` National Airport '' .
The western part of the airport was once within a large Virginia plantation , a remnant of which is now inside a historic site located near the airport 's Metrorail station ( see Abingdon ( plantation ) for history ) .	The western part of the airport was once part of a large Virginia plantation .
Although the need for a better airport was acknowledged in 37 studies conducted between 1926 and 1938 , there was a statutory prohibition against federal development of airports .	Thirty-seven studies done between 1926 and 1938 showed the need for a better airport .
A United Airlines holdroom complex was built in 1965 , and a facility for American Airlines was completed in 1968 .	A United Airlines building was built in 1965 .
In 1987 Congress , through legislation , transferred control of the airport from the FAA to the new Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority with the Authority 's decisions being subject to a Congressional review panel .	In 1987 , Congress gave control of the airport from the FAA to the new Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority ( MWAA ) .
The April 1957 Official Airline Guide shows 316 weekday departures : 95 Eastern ( plus six a week to\/from South America ) , 77 American , 61 Capital , 23 National , 17 TWA , 10 United , 10 Delta , 6 Allegheny , 6 Braniff , 5 Piedmont , 3 Northeast and 3 Northwest .	The April 1957 Official Airline Guide shows that the airport had 316 weekday departures .
The facility 's single runway was crossed by a street ; guards had to stop automobile traffic during takeoffs and landings .	People were needed to stop automobile traffic during take-offs and landings .
The terminal building was supplemented by the North Terminal in 1958 ; the two were connected in 1961 .	The terminal building was made larger in 1958 .
In the Industrial Revolution , James Watt contributed to the development of the flywheel in the steam engine , and his contemporary James Pickard used a flywheel combined with a crank to transform reciprocating into rotary motion .	In the Industrial Revolution , James Watt contributed to the development of the flywheel in the steam engine , and his contemporary James Pickard used a flywheel .
Halford was born in Sutton Coldfield , but raised in Walsall , a town to the northwest of Birmingham in England 's West Midlands .	He was born in Sutton Coldfield and raised in Walsall .
Robert John Arthur `` Rob '' Halford ( born 25 August 1951 ) is a British singer-songwriter , who is best known as the lead vocalist for the Grammy Award-winning heavy metal band Judas Priest .	Robert John Arthur `` Rob '' Halford ( born 25 August 1951 ) is an English singer-songwriter .
In 1821 , the Berlin Opera gave the premiere of Weber 's Der Freischütz .	In 1821 , the Berlin Opera gave the first performance of Weber 's Der Freischütz .
In 1930 Erich Kleiber conducted the premiere of Darius Milhaud 's Christoph Columbus .	In 1930 Erich Kleiber conducted the first performance of Darius Milhaud 's Christoph Columbus .
In 1925 , Alban Berg 's Wozzeck , was given its premiere in a production conducted by Erich Kleiber in the composer 's presence .	In 1925 , Alban Berg 's Wozzeck , was given its first performance conducted by Erich Kleiber with the composer in the audience .
On August 18 , 1843 the Linden Opera was destroyed by fire .	On 18 August 1843 the Linden Opera was destroyed by fire .

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