| # MMM-Fact: A Multimodal, Multi-Domain Fact-Checking Dataset with Multi-Level Retrieval Difficulty |
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| ## Overview |
| MMM-Fact is a real-world, multimodal benchmark for fact checking spanning 1995–2025. Each claim is paired with the full fact-check article and cross-modal evidence (text, images, videos, tables) to evaluate multi-step, cross-modal retrieval and reasoning. |
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| ## Scale & Coverage |
| | Item | Details | |
| |---|---| |
| | Instances | **125,449** fact-checked claims | |
| | Time range | **1995–2025** | |
| | Sources | **4** fact-checking sites + **1** news outlet *(each sample includes the complete fact-check article and associated evidence)* | |
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| ## Annotations & Tasks |
| - **Veracity labels:** True / False / Not Enough Information |
| - **Supported tasks:** |
| - Veracity prediction |
| - Explainable fact-checking |
| - Complex evidence aggregation |
| - Longitudinal analysis |
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| ## Retrieval-Difficulty Tiers |
| To reflect verification effort, each sample is tagged with a retrieval difficulty based on the number of retrievable evidence sources: |
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| | Tier | Evidence Sources | |
| |---|---| |
| | **Basic** | 1–5 sources | |
| | **Intermediate** | 6–10 sources | |
| | **Advanced** | >10 sources | |
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| ## Citation |
| If you find this dataset useful, please cite: |
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|
| @article{xu2025mmm, |
| title={MMM-Fact: A Multimodal, Multi-Domain Fact-Checking Dataset with Multi-Level Retrieval Difficulty}, |
| author={Xu, Wenyan and Xiang, Dawei and Ding, Tianqi and Lu, Weihai}, |
| journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2510.25120}, |
| year={2025} |
| } |
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