MMM-Fact: A Multimodal, Multi-Domain Fact-Checking Dataset with Multi-Level Retrieval Difficulty
Paper • 2510.25120 • Published
Dataset Preview
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The dataset generation failed
Error code: DatasetGenerationError
Exception: ArrowInvalid
Message: Failed to parse string: '3 days ago' as a scalar of type timestamp[s]
Traceback: Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1831, in _prepare_split_single
writer.write_table(table)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/arrow_writer.py", line 714, in write_table
pa_table = table_cast(pa_table, self._schema)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 2272, in table_cast
return cast_table_to_schema(table, schema)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 2224, in cast_table_to_schema
cast_array_to_feature(
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 1795, in wrapper
return pa.chunked_array([func(chunk, *args, **kwargs) for chunk in array.chunks])
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 2086, in cast_array_to_feature
return array_cast(
^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 1797, in wrapper
return func(array, *args, **kwargs)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 1949, in array_cast
return array.cast(pa_type)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "pyarrow/array.pxi", line 1135, in pyarrow.lib.Array.cast
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyarrow/compute.py", line 412, in cast
return call_function("cast", [arr], options, memory_pool)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "pyarrow/_compute.pyx", line 604, in pyarrow._compute.call_function
File "pyarrow/_compute.pyx", line 399, in pyarrow._compute.Function.call
File "pyarrow/error.pxi", line 155, in pyarrow.lib.pyarrow_internal_check_status
File "pyarrow/error.pxi", line 92, in pyarrow.lib.check_status
pyarrow.lib.ArrowInvalid: Failed to parse string: '3 days ago' as a scalar of type timestamp[s]
The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 1455, in compute_config_parquet_and_info_response
parquet_operations = convert_to_parquet(builder)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 1054, in convert_to_parquet
builder.download_and_prepare(
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 894, in download_and_prepare
self._download_and_prepare(
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 970, in _download_and_prepare
self._prepare_split(split_generator, **prepare_split_kwargs)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1702, in _prepare_split
for job_id, done, content in self._prepare_split_single(
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1858, in _prepare_split_single
raise DatasetGenerationError("An error occurred while generating the dataset") from e
datasets.exceptions.DatasetGenerationError: An error occurred while generating the datasetNeed help to make the dataset viewer work? Make sure to review how to configure the dataset viewer, and open a discussion for direct support.
Source_Url string | Claim string | Author string | Date timestamp[us] | Summary list | Article string | Topic list | Image list | Evidence list | Label string |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/klanbake-kkk-march-1924-dnc/ | No, the KKK Didn't March at 1924 Democratic National Convention | David Emery | 2024-08-19T00:00:00 | [
"Internet memes falsely claimed that the Ku-Klux Klan marched in full regalia at the 1924 Democratic Convention in New York City, but there is no credible evidence of this occurrence."
] | About this rating The anticipated opening of the Democratic National Convention in Chicago on Aug. 19, 2024, prompted the revival of misinformative internet memes claiming that 100 years earlier, the Ku Klux Klan marched outside the 1924 Democratic convention in New York City in full, hooded regalia to make their white... | [
"politics"
] | [
{
"url": "https://mediaproxy.snopes.com/width/1200/https://media.snopes.com/2024/08/klanbake_1924_democratic_national_convention.jpg",
"caption": null
},
{
"url": "https://mediaproxy.snopes.com/width/200/https://media.snopes.com/2018/03/rating-false.png",
"caption": null
},
{
"url": "htt... | [
{
"quote": "This example was posted on X on Aug. 17:",
"links": [
"https://archive.is/f1Obn"
]
},
{
"quote": "Another example was posted on Aug. 18:",
"links": [
"https://archive.is/BjCI0"
]
},
{
"quote": "Although very loosely based on real historical events, however... | false |
https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/wef-legalize-marriage-animals/ | No, the World Economic Forum hasn't ordered governments to legalize marriage with animals | Izz Scott LaMagdeleine | 2023-03-07T00:00:00 | [
"The World Economic Forum has never ordered governments to legalize marriage or sex with animals, and has confirmed these claims are false."
] | About this rating On March 1, 2023, the website NewsPunch published an article with the headline "WEF Says It's Time To Legalize Sex and Marriage With Animals To Promote Inclusion." The article claimed: The World Economic Forum has ordered infiltrated world governments to take immediate steps towards a controversial ne... | [
"culture"
] | [
{
"url": "https://mediaproxy.snopes.com/width/1200/https://media.snopes.com/2023/03/new_wef_check.png",
"caption": null
},
{
"url": "https://mediaproxy.snopes.com/width/200/https://media.snopes.com/2018/03/rating-false.png",
"caption": null
}
] | [
{
"quote": "On March 1, 2023, the website NewsPunch published an article with the headline \"WEF Says It's Time To Legalize Sex and Marriage With Animals To Promote Inclusion.\" The article claimed:",
"links": [
"https://archive.ph/DGSpL"
]
},
{
"quote": "The claims were untrue. They appea... | false |
https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/trump-taylor-swift-bruce-springsteen/ | Taylor Swift and Bruce Springsteen performed together in defiance after Trump’s Truth Social attacks? | Nur Ibrahim | 2025-05-21T00:00:00 | [
"The claim that Bruce Springsteen and Taylor Swift performed together in defiance of Donald Trump's criticism is false; the images used in the Facebook post were from separate performances.",
"Springsteen criticized Trump during a concert in Manchester, UK, on May 14, 2025."
] | About this rating In May 2025, a Facebook post claimed popular musicians Bruce Springsteen and Taylor Swift performed together in a concert after U.S. President Donald Trump targeted them for criticism. Trump had written a series of posts about them on his official Truth Social account. Trump's attacks prompted Faceboo... | [
"culture"
] | [
{
"url": "https://mediaproxy.snopes.com/width/1200/https://media.snopes.com/2025/05/springsteen.jpg",
"caption": null
},
{
"url": "https://mediaproxy.snopes.com/width/200/https://media.snopes.com/2018/03/rating-false.png",
"caption": null
},
{
"url": "https://mediaproxy.snopes.com/width/... | [
{
"quote": "In May 2025, a Facebook post claimed popular musicians Bruce Springsteen and Taylor Swift performed together in a concert after U.S. President Donald Trump targeted them for criticism. Trump had written a series of posts about them on his official Truth Social account.",
"links": [
"https:... | false |
https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/turkey-earthquake-old-unrelated-photos/ | Turkey Earthquake: Beware of Old, Unrelated Photos | Jordan Liles | 2023-02-07T00:00:00 | [
"The dog and hand picture in a tweet about the February 6, 2023 earthquake in Turkey and Syria was not taken during the event but was uploaded to i Stock in 2009 and had been misused in relation to other disasters."
] | About this rating Only one of the four pictures is from the quake in question. On Feb. 6, 2023, a Twitter user posted four pictures that were purportedly captured in the aftermath of the magnitude 7.8 earthquake that struck Turkey and Syria on the same day. The caption of the tweet read, "Saddest pictures on internet t... | [
"culture"
] | [
{
"url": "https://mediaproxy.snopes.com/width/1200/https://media.snopes.com/2023/02/child_sits_earthquake_syria_2023.jpg",
"caption": null
},
{
"url": "https://mediaproxy.snopes.com/width/200/https://media.snopes.com/2018/03/rating-mostly-false.png",
"caption": null
},
{
"url": "https://... | [
{
"quote": "As of this writing, The Associated Press (AP) was reporting more than 7,200 deaths. That number was expected to continue to rise.",
"links": [
"https://apnews.com/article/politics-russia-government-turkey-middle-east-289196a793b1354f4e3be57f2afc890b"
]
},
{
"quote": "First, we ... | false |
https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/deceased-grandmother-in-resin-photo/ | Does this image show a deceased grandmother encased in resin? | Jordan Liles | 2023-06-21T00:00:00 | [
"The image of an old woman encased in resin was originally posted by @urquwill, not Kelly Port, and was likely manipulated.",
"The tweet suggesting the woman was a deceased grandmother encased in resin for a coffee table was found to be false after analysis revealed the image was likely AI-generated."
] | About this rating On June 19, 2023, a Twitter user posted a strange image of three people standing behind a table containing what appeared to be an old woman encased in a clear, hardened material. "This family encased their deceased grandmother in resin and use her as a coffee table," the tweet read. This family encase... | [
"technology"
] | [
{
"url": "https://mediaproxy.snopes.com/width/1200/https://media.snopes.com/2023/06/family_encased_grandmother_resin.jpg",
"caption": null
},
{
"url": "https://mediaproxy.snopes.com/width/200/https://media.snopes.com/2018/03/rating-miscaptioned.png",
"caption": null
}
] | [
{
"quote": "This family encased their deceased grandmother in resin and use her as a coffee table. pic.twitter.com/5LxtpXAXNM",
"links": [
"https://t.co/5LxtpXAXNM"
]
},
{
"quote": "— Chris Ray Gun (@ChrisRGun) June 19, 2023",
"links": [
"https://twitter.com/ChrisRGun/status/1670... | false |
https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/electric-scooter-bike-abandoned-graveyard/ | Video does not show electric scooter bikes abandoned in a ‘graveyard’ due to high cost of batteries | Jordan Liles | 2022-11-30T00:00:00 | [
"The video shows electric scooters abandoned due to a miscaption; it does not depict high battery replacement costs."
] | About this rating On Nov. 28, 2022, the @Xx17965797N Twitter account tweeted a video with a misleading caption that claimed the clip showed a sea of lined-up electric scooter bikes that were abandoned because of the high cost of electric vehicle (EV) battery replacement. The tweet read, "Electric green scooters that ha... | [
"technology"
] | [
{
"url": "https://mediaproxy.snopes.com/width/1200/https://media.snopes.com/2022/11/a_rumor_said_a_video_showed_electric_scooters_in_china_that_were_abandoned_because_of_battery_costs.jpg",
"caption": null
},
{
"url": "https://mediaproxy.snopes.com/width/200/https://media.snopes.com/2018/03/rating-m... | [
{
"quote": "On Nov. 28, 2022, the @Xx17965797N Twitter account tweeted a video with a misleading caption that claimed the clip showed a sea of lined-up electric scooter bikes that were abandoned because of the high cost of electric vehicle (EV) battery replacement. The tweet read, \"Electric green scooters that... | false |
https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/drone-video-bear-snow/ | Is Drone Video of a Bear Chasing a Man in Snow Real? | Jordan Liles | 2022-01-26T00:00:00 | [
"The video showing a man being chased by a bear was initially suspected of containing CGI elements but was later confirmed to be real, with the bear being a trained animal named Tom."
] | About this rating The video was real. The bear, whose name is Tom, was said to have been trained since birth. On Jan. 26, 2022, Reddit user u/namey_mcnameson posted a video that purportedly showed the view of a drone flying between trees in a snowy wilderness to reveal a man being chased by what might have been a grizz... | [
"culture"
] | [
{
"url": "https://mediaproxy.snopes.com/width/1200/https://media.snopes.com/2022/01/drone-video-bear-chase-1.jpg",
"caption": null
},
{
"url": "https://mediaproxy.snopes.com/width/200/https://media.snopes.com/2018/03/rating-true.png",
"caption": null
},
{
"url": "https://www.snopes.com/t... | [
{
"quote": "On Jan. 26, 2022, Reddit user u/namey_mcnameson posted a video that purportedly showed the view of a drone flying between trees in a snowy wilderness to reveal a man being chased by what might have been a grizzly bear . The caption of the video on the r/Unexpected subreddit read: \"Such a lovely day... | true |
https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/kalinin-k7-heavy-bomber/ | Did the Kalinin K-7 Heavy Bomber Appear in Actual Color Photos? | Jordan Liles | 2021-03-20T00:00:00 | [
"The article claims that the color pictures showing the Russian Kalinin K-7 heavy bomber are not actual photographs but 3-D renderings created by an artist named Levin.",
"The author's evidence includes finding the original website hosting the images, identifying the artist as Levin through reverse image searches... | About this rating Since at least 2010, a set of awe-inspiring pictures have been shared in email forwards and on social media. The color photographs purportedly show the Russian Kalinin K-7 heavy bomber. One of the pictures was even displayed in a paid online advertisement: However, while the Kalinin K-7 was once a rea... | [
"technology"
] | [
{
"url": "https://mediaproxy.snopes.com/width/1200/https://media.snopes.com/2021/03/kalinin-k7-render.jpg",
"caption": null
},
{
"url": "https://mediaproxy.snopes.com/width/200/https://media.snopes.com/2018/03/rating-miscaptioned.png",
"caption": null
},
{
"url": "https://www.snopes.com/... | [
{
"quote": "Since at least 2010, a set of awe-inspiring pictures have been shared in email forwards and on social media. The color photographs purportedly show the Russian Kalinin K-7 heavy bomber. One of the pictures was even displayed in a paid online advertisement:",
"links": [
"https://cyberworldf... | true |
https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/nephilim-giant-government-photo/ | Photo Shows ‘Nephilim Giant’ Under Government Watch? | Jordan Liles | 2024-04-01T00:00:00 | [
"The image on Tik Tok by @thefactstriggers depicting 'Nephilim giants' is a manipulated stock photo and not genuine."
] | In late March 2024, TikTok user @thefactstriggers posted a slideshow of still pictures described as 'images that will make you feel uneasy.' One of the images was captioned as showing a photo of 'Nephilim giants under the government's watch.' The image appeared in the slideshow as a purported vertically captured photo. | [
"international"
] | [
{
"url": "https://mediaproxy.snopes.com/width/1200/https://media.snopes.com/2024/03/nephilim_cursed_giant_photo.jpg",
"caption": null
},
{
"url": "https://mediaproxy.snopes.com/width/200/https://media.snopes.com/2018/03/rating-miscaptioned.png",
"caption": null
},
{
"url": "https://media... | [
{
"quote": "The image appeared in the slideshow as a purported vertically captured photo:",
"links": [
"https://www.tiktok.com/@thefactstriggers/photo/7348916886421212448"
]
},
{
"quote": "A reverse-image search for the purported photo with both Google Images and TinEye showed it was previ... | true |
https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/idf-soldier-pic/ | Pic Allegedly Showing Armed Israeli Soldier Confronting Palestinian Family Is 20+ Years Old | Aleksandra Wrona | 2023-12-11T00:00:00 | [
"A photograph allegedly showing an Israeli military soldier confronting Palestinian civilians was shared on social media in 2023, but analysis confirms it is at least 20 years old."
] | About this rating Too little is known about the image and its origin to determine if it authentically shows an armed Israeli soldier confronting a Palestinian family. In any case, the picture has been circulating online since at least 2001, meaning it was not captured during the 2023 Israel-Hamas conflict. Photographs ... | [
"international"
] | [
{
"url": "https://mediaproxy.snopes.com/width/1200/https://media.snopes.com/2023/12/idf_soldier_2.jpg",
"caption": null
},
{
"url": "https://mediaproxy.snopes.com/width/200/https://media.snopes.com/2018/03/rating-unproven.png",
"caption": null
},
{
"url": "https://mediaproxy.snopes.com/w... | [
{
"quote": "The protracted, often bloody Israeli-Palestinian conflict exploded into a hot war on Oct. 7, 2023, when the militant Palestinian group Hamas launched a deadly attack on Israel and Israel retaliated by bombarding the Gaza Strip. More than 20,000 people, the vast majority of them Palestinians, were re... | false |
https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/whitest-paint-guinness-record/ | Did Purdue Researchers Invent the Whitest Shade of White Paint? | Jessica Lee | 2021-09-24T00:00:00 | [
"Researchers at Purdue University developed a paint recognized by Guinness World Records as the whitest in existence, reflecting up to 98.1% of sunlight and helping to keep buildings cooler."
] | About this rating In September 2021, Snopes saw social media posts claiming researchers at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana, had invented a paint that received a Guinness World Records title for the being the whitest in existence. The assertion was accurate. In a Sept. 20 news release, the university announ... | [
"environment"
] | [
{
"url": "https://mediaproxy.snopes.com/width/1200/https://media.snopes.com/2021/09/ruan-paint-brushLO.jpeg",
"caption": null
},
{
"url": "https://mediaproxy.snopes.com/width/200/https://media.snopes.com/2018/03/rating-true.png",
"caption": null
},
{
"url": "https://www.snopes.com/tachyo... | [
{
"quote": "In September 2021, Snopes saw social media posts claiming researchers at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana, had invented a paint that received a Guinness World Records title for the being the whitest in existence.",
"links": [
"https://twitter.com/RVCJ_FB/status/1439229022202826... | true |
https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/biden-ban-gas-stoves-climate-change/ | Is Biden Administration Banning Gas Stoves Over Climate Change Concerns? | Nur Ibrahim | 2023-01-10T00:00:00 | [
"The U.S.",
"Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) is not currently considering a ban on gas stoves, though it plans to gather public information on potential hazards associated with gas stove emissions."
] | About this rating The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), a federal agency, is not currently considering a ban on gas stoves, though a commissioner said "anything is on the table" if they can't be made safer, due to concerns over harmful indoor pollutants that cause health and respiratory problems. Numerous... | [
"energy"
] | [
{
"url": "https://mediaproxy.snopes.com/width/1200/https://media.snopes.com/2023/01/closeup_of_gas_stove.jpeg",
"caption": null
},
{
"url": "https://mediaproxy.snopes.com/width/200/https://media.snopes.com/2018/03/rating-false.png",
"caption": null
}
] | [
{
"quote": "A January 2023 rumor about a possible ban on gas stoves in the United States worried consumers, particularly as noted in conservative media outlets. Some social media users claimed that U.S. President Joe Biden's administration was considering such a ban over climate change concerns.",
"links": ... | true |
https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/trademark-of-the-devil/ | Procter and Gamble and Satanism Rumor | Barbara Mikkelson | 1999-08-12T00:00:00 | [
"The claim that the president of Procter & Gamble announced on a talk show that he donates a portion of the company's profits to the Church of Satan is false; there is no factual evidence supporting this allegation, and it predates the actual events by several years."
] | Claim: The president of Procter & Gamble announced on a popular talk show that he donates a portion of the company's profits to the Church of Satan. Example: [Collected on the Internet, 1998] The President of Procter & gamble appeared on the Phil Donahue Show on March 1, 1994. He announced that due to the openness of o... | [
"international"
] | [
{
"url": "https://www.snopes.com/content/themes/snopes/assets/images/common/page.gif",
"caption": null
},
{
"url": "https://www.snopes.com/images/red.gif",
"caption": null
},
{
"url": "https://www.snopes.com/images/template/icon-sources.gif",
"caption": null
},
{
"url": "http... | [
{
"quote": "How Procter & Gamble directs its profits is a matter of public record, as it is for all publicly-traded companies. (Procter & Gamble is traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol PG .) Were P&G handing",
"links": [
"https://www.pg.com/investors/sectionmain.jhtml"
]
... | false |
https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/salt-lamps-cure-everything/ | Do Salt Lamps Provide Multiple Health Benefits? | Alex Kasprak | 2016-12-22T00:00:00 | [
"and state what is being verified.",
"The claim is that salt lamps emit \"boundless\" amounts of negative ions that improve health."
] | About this rating Salt lamps, which are merely light bulbs of varying wattages placed within blocks of rock salt of varying sizes, have become an increasingly popular product in the alternative medicine scene and are marketed as “natural ionizers.” An ionizer, in theory, produces ions, which are atoms or molecules with... | [
"economy"
] | [
{
"url": "https://mediaproxy.snopes.com/width/1200/https://media.snopes.com/2016/12/salt_lamp_tw.jpg",
"caption": null
},
{
"url": "https://mediaproxy.snopes.com/width/200/https://media.snopes.com/2018/03/rating-false.png",
"caption": null
}
] | [
{
"quote": "According a popular (and representative) Facebook post about salt lamps, the product can positively affect your health in these diverse ways:",
"links": [
"https://shareably.net/salt-lamps-and-anxiety/\""
]
},
{
"quote": "All the claims described above rely on the singularly fa... | false |
https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/keanu-reeves-cbd-gummies-interview/ | Is the Keanu Reeves Smilz CBD Gummies Interview a Scam or Legit? | Jordan Liles | 2022-04-04T00:00:00 | [
"The claims of Keanu Reeves endorsing Smilz CBD Gummies were part of a scam, as he never endorsed this product and his name was used without his consent."
] | About this rating Origin In early April 2022, Google users looked to find out if an interview with Keanu Reeves about products named Smilz CBD Gummies and Keanu Reeves CBD Gummies, which included a mention of the Pfizer pharmaceutical company, was a "scam or legit." After a quick glance, we came to the conclusion that ... | [
"culture"
] | [
{
"url": "https://mediaproxy.snopes.com/width/1200/https://media.snopes.com/2022/04/GettyImages-1359829203.jpg",
"caption": null
},
{
"url": "https://mediaproxy.snopes.com/width/200/https://media.snopes.com/2018/03/rating-scam.png",
"caption": null
},
{
"url": "https://www.snopes.com/tac... | [
{
"quote": "In early April 2022, Google users looked to find out if an interview with Keanu Reeves about products named Smilz CBD Gummies and Keanu Reeves CBD Gummies, which included a mention of the Pfizer pharmaceutical company, was a \"scam or legit.\" After a quick glance, we came to the conclusion that the... | false |
https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/airbnb-in-italy/ | Is this luxurious Italian palace available to rent as an Airbnb? | Aleksandra Wrona | 2023-10-11T00:00:00 | [
"The video shows an authentic entrance to Palazzo Spinola in Genova, Italy, but the Airbnb listing is located upstairs and is not depicted in the video."
] | About this rating The video is authentic and shows an entrance to the Palazzo Angelo Giovanni Spinola, located in Genoa, Italy. Although there is an Airbnb apartment available at this location, it is situated on the second floor of the palace. Therefore, the video does not actually show what the apartment itself looks ... | [
"culture"
] | [
{
"url": "https://mediaproxy.snopes.com/width/1200/https://media.snopes.com/2023/10/italy_airbnb.png",
"caption": null
},
{
"url": "https://mediaproxy.snopes.com/width/200/https://media.snopes.com/2018/03/rating-mixture.png",
"caption": null
},
{
"url": "https://mediaproxy.snopes.com/wid... | [
{
"quote": "In October 2023, a video went viral on X (formerly Twitter), with a caption reading, \"Reminder that this is what Airbnbs look like in Italy.\" The clip showed the lavish, awe-inspiring interior of a building adorned with frescoes and sculptures. “If this is an actual AirBnB, it's only available to ... | true |
End of preview.
YAML Metadata Warning:empty or missing yaml metadata in repo card
Check out the documentation for more information.
MMM-Fact: A Multimodal, Multi-Domain Fact-Checking Dataset with Multi-Level Retrieval Difficulty
Overview
MMM-Fact is a real-world, multimodal benchmark for fact checking spanning 1995–2025. Each claim is paired with the full fact-check article and cross-modal evidence (text, images, videos, tables) to evaluate multi-step, cross-modal retrieval and reasoning.
Scale & Coverage
| Item | Details |
|---|---|
| Instances | 125,449 fact-checked claims |
| Time range | 1995–2025 |
| Sources | 4 fact-checking sites + 1 news outlet (each sample includes the complete fact-check article and associated evidence) |
Annotations & Tasks
- Veracity labels: True / False / Not Enough Information
- Supported tasks:
- Veracity prediction
- Explainable fact-checking
- Complex evidence aggregation
- Longitudinal analysis
Retrieval-Difficulty Tiers
To reflect verification effort, each sample is tagged with a retrieval difficulty based on the number of retrievable evidence sources:
| Tier | Evidence Sources |
|---|---|
| Basic | 1–5 sources |
| Intermediate | 6–10 sources |
| Advanced | >10 sources |
Citation
If you find this dataset useful, please cite:
@article{xu2025mmm, title={MMM-Fact: A Multimodal, Multi-Domain Fact-Checking Dataset with Multi-Level Retrieval Difficulty}, author={Xu, Wenyan and Xiang, Dawei and Ding, Tianqi and Lu, Weihai}, journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2510.25120}, year={2025} }
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