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5.6.5 Existing features partly or fully covering the use case functionality
Requirements for DV measurement control and Power, Energy and Environmental (PEE) measurement has been defined to support for 5G NF measurement control. In SA5 TS 28.554 [12], clause 6.7.3.3 Network Slice Energy Consumption are introduced. In SA2, quota for PDU sessions per network slice and user numbers are already de...
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5.6.6 Potential new requirements needed to support the use case
[PR.5.6.6-1] The 5G system shall support energy consumption measurement of network functions and exposure to authorised 3rd party. NOTE: The granularity of energy consumption measurement could vary according to different situations, for example, when several services share a same network slice, etc. Energy consumption ...
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5.7 Use case on energy consumption information exposure considering QoS
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5.7.1 Description
Quality of service (QoS) refer to the network measurement of the overall performance about a communication service for the user. This network performance statistic can be e.g, packet loss, data rate, transmission delay, jitter, etc. When provide the energy as a service or a network performance criteria, e.g. in clause ...
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5.7.2 Pre-conditions
The network Operator deploys 5G NPN network in industrial park to provide energy as a service “GreenPark” for the industry park customer M. The “GreenPark” service can provide high data rate communication service and higher reliability service either. The industry customer M has subscribed the high data rate service wi...
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5.7.3 Service flows
1. Customer M asks the “GreenPark” Operator to provide the “GreenPark” energy consumption information and its communication services network performance statistic information (e.g. the data rate, packet delay and packet loss) per hour during the working time (e.g. from 9am to 5pm) in the industrial park. 2. The operato...
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5.7.4 Post-conditions
Customers M can get the not only the energy consumption information but also the average data rate, average packet delay and average packet loss from 5G NPN during the working time and off-peak working time.
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5.7.5 Existing features partly or fully covering the use case functionality
The QoS monitoring requirements have been specified in the TS22.261 section 6.23. But it has not any consideration on energy consumption. Some related requirements are listed below: The 5G system shall be able to provide real time QoS parameters and events information to an authorized application/network entity. NOTE 2...
17e8174f94d72a34a3d8a81dbfebc7a5
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5.7.6 Potential new requirements needed to support the use case
[PR.5.7.6-1] Subject to Operator policy and consent by the customer, the 5G system shall be able to collect and expose to the authorized third party, through same update rate e.g. hourly or daily, the energy consumption information for the network functions serving the customer, together with the network performance st...
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5.8 Use case on Application energy efficiency monitoring
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5.8.1 Description
Next generation mobile communication systems are expected to accommodate more demanding services, e.g., XR, AI/ML which will require much energy consumption at the device side as well as the network side. The impact on devices and the network to support these services will be huge and sometimes unpredictable. When Oper...
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5.8.2 Pre-conditions
The service provider X wants to deploy an application service (e.g., gaming service) in a given service area and for a target number of users, where the service is expected to be communicated via 5G network “N” of the 5GS of operator A. The application service may have different service levels, which may be different K...
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5.8.3 Service flows
1. Service provider X asks the “App EnergyEff Moni” of Operator A to provide the predicted application service energy efficiency information for App Service #1 and one or more service modes for a given service area and time of the day. 2. The 5G system of operator A acquires the energy consumption information of relate...
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5.8.4 Post-conditions
Service provider X can get the energy related statistics or predictions for the application service #1, independently from NG-RAN deployment scenarios, and this can help either adapting the application service parameters (e.g. service levels, application relocation) or configuring the application service in an energy-e...
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5.8.5 Existing features partly or fully covering the use case functionality
EE TS 28.310 [6] specifies the work in 3GPP related to energy efficiency. It specifies use cases relating to energy efficiency such as switching off edges UPFs for low-latency communication in certain geographical areas when no user is actively using them. Based on the scenarios the document presents requirements to be...
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5.8.6 Potential new requirements needed to support the use case
[PR.5.8.6-1] Based on operator policy and service agreement between the operator and application service provider, the 5G system shall be able to derive energy efficiency information for one or more application services, and expose energy efficiency information notifications to the application service provider. NOTE: T...
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5.9.1 Description
According to a recent GSMA report [20], all major operators have set up targets to reduce carbon intensity from 50% to 70% in next couple of years with the ultimate goal of achieving net-zero emissions. Though 5G NR offers improved energy-efficiency, new 5G use cases and the wider adoption of 5G NR will result in an in...
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5.9.2 Pre-conditions
The network operator R has deployed a 5G network "N" and is promoting its services as "Green Energy". This is due to the fact that 60% (this could be any % number, 60% is just provided as an example) of the energy required for network operations is sourced from renewable resources. The government is providing tax credi...
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5.9.3 Service flows
1. Customer X subscribes to the ‘Green Energy’ service for its warehouse, provided by operator R. 2. The warehouse is served by a limited “X” number of base stations and the core network could be hosted in a central cloud location that is powered by renewable energy. 3. Operator R provides a dedicated network slice tha...
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5.9.4 Post-conditions
Customer X can get a dedicated network slice or NPN utilizing a minimum ratio of renewable energy used by the network serving its warehouse. Customer X receives a periodic report on the ratio of renewable energy used by the network serving its warehouse.
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5.9.5 Existing features partly or fully covering the use case functionality
None.
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5.9.6 Potential new requirements needed to support the use case
[PR.5.9.6-1] Subject to operator’s policy, the 5G system shall enable the operation of a dedicated network above a minimum ratio of renewable energy as requested by an authorized 3rd party. NOTE 1: This requirement does not imply that the 5G system will actively monitor the dedicated resources. [PR.5.9.6-2] Subject to ...
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5.10 Use case on supporting carbon-aware communication service
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5.10.1 Description
Global warming caused by excessive emissions of GHG (Green House Gas, e.g., carbon dioxide) due to human activity (e.g., burning fossil fuels for electricity generation) is the main driver to climate change, which poses a significant threat to society and the environment. To achieve carbon neutrality, it is important t...
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5.10.2 Pre-conditions
Eva uses her XR device during the commute. This XR device receives 5G service from the mobile network operator A. The 5G system operated by operator A is powered by both of renewable energy (e.g., solar energy) and non-renewable energy (e.g., coal). Carbon intensity, defined as the quantity of CO2 equivalent emission p...
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5.10.3 Service flows
1. Eva subscribes the communication service provided by operator A. 2. During the commute between the home and the workplace, Eva wears her XR device and enjoys the immersive entertainment via 5G system operated by operator A. 3. During the service time, the 5G system incurs carbon emissions due to the energy consumpti...
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5.10.4 Post-conditions
Eva can enjoy low-carbon XR entertainment with the awareness of its environmental impacts.
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5.10.5 Existing features partly or fully covering the use case functionality
None.
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5.10.6 Potential new requirements needed to support the use case
[PR.5.10.6-1] Subject to user consent, operator policy and regulatory requirements, the 5G system shall be able to provide a mechanism to expose to the authorized third parties the energy efficiency information (e.g., including the estimated carbon emissions) related to a subscriber based on the subscriber’s data volum...
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5.11.1 Description
One of the strategies to save energy within mobile networks is to shut down some RAN nodes at times of low usage. Eventually only one communication service would be used. Thus, there is a potential for further gain to be exploited by pooling the communication service on a local basis among operators at times of low usa...
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5.11.2 Pre-conditions
- OP1 and OP2 are two PLMN operators. - There is an overlap coverage between OP1 and OP2, which both provide mobile communication services to their subscribers on various bands. - There are mutual agreements between OP1 and OP2 allowing them to provide communication services to the subscribers of the other network, in ...
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5.11.3 Service flows
Figure 5.11-1: Basic service scenario of communication service pooling for energy saving 1) At 8PM, OP3 (“beneficiary” network) starts informing its currently served UEs within a specific area that it will shut down its network and request them to move to OP1 (“donor” network). It can also indicate the time when it wil...
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5.11.4 Post-conditions
After OP2 and OP3 have shut down their networks, their subscribers can still be served via OP1. OP2 subscribers under “EE-based communication service pooling” are not charged differently when served by OP1 network, with respect to when they are under OP2 network coverage. OP2 may be charged by OP1 as per their company ...
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5.11.5 Existing feature partly or fully covering use case functionality
Network sharing is an existing technique used to save resources across operators (see in clause 6.21 of TS 22.261), which could be leveraged for “communication service pooling” for energy saving purposes. However, current network sharing agreements are mainly on a permanent basis with little flexibility in time and spa...
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5.11.6 Potential new requirements needed to support the use case
[PR.5.11.6-1] Subject to regulatory requirements and operators’ policies, the 5G system shall support temporary pooling of communication services of multiple operators on a single operator within a geographical area. NOTE 1: policies may include predefined times/locations, energy consumption/efficiency thresholds, pref...
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5.12 Use case on supporting communication service with best-effort renewable energy consumption
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5.12.1 Description
Climate change caused by excessive emissions of GHG (Green House Gas, e.g., carbon dioxide) due to human activity (e.g., burning fossil fuels for electricity generation) is the main driver to climate change, which poses a significant threat to society and the environment. Toward the goal of carbon neutrality, it is imp...
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5.12.2 Pre-conditions
Eva has video calls with her family during the commute. She receives 5G service from the mobile network operator A. The 5G system operated by operator A is powered by both of renewable energy (e.g., solar energy) and non-renewable energy (e.g., coal). The ratio of renewable energy is determined as the ratio of the powe...
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5.12.3 Service flows
1. During the commute, Eva has video calls with her family via the 5G system operated by operator A. 2. Eva subscribes the green communication service option provided by operator A, which ensures the QoS level of service to be met and utilize renewable energy sources in a best-effort manner. 3. The operator A monitors ...
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5.12.4 Post-conditions
Eva can enjoy video calls with the satisfied quality of service while reducing her carbon footprint.
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5.12.5 Existing features partly or fully covering the use case functionality
None.
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5.12.6 Potential new requirements needed to support the use case
[PR.5.12.6-1] Subject to user consent and operator’s policy, the 5G system shall be able to expose to a subscriber the ratio of renewable energy used for the subscriber’s dedicated communication service on periodic basis. [PR.5.12.6-2] The 5G system shall be able to collect charging information associated with a subscr...
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5.13 Use case on energy as service criteria for 5G environment adaptation
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5.13.1 Description
It is becoming more important and challenging for operators and cloud/data service providers to reduce carbon emissions while providing for the best-in-class with optimal service plans to end-users. Many operators including cloud/data service providers run their services on top of multiple virtualized infrastructure en...
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5.13.2 Pre-conditions
5G system supports individual network functions monitoring of energy consumption. It also supports for registration, discovery, selection, load-(re)balance and overload-control of individual network functions based on their energy consumption.
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5.13.3 Service flows
1. David and John are subscribed to operator A with different service plans. 2. During operator’s A 5G service time over the 24 hours, depending on the number of subscribers and various service plans, the individual or groups of network functions are adapted, migrated and/or scaled based on their energy-efficiency requ...
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5.13.4 Post-conditions
David is satisfied and enjoys his lower pricing plan with the awareness of carbon emission. Operator A is also satisfied because it has the ability to manage (e.g., load balance) its network functions and adapt their procedures based on energy-saving characteristics.
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5.13.5 Existing features partly or fully covering the use case functionality
None.
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5.13.6 Potential new requirements needed to support the use case
[PR.5.13.6.1] Subject to operator policy and regulatory requirements, the 5G system shall be able to provide a mechanism for one or more network functions to operate based on energy consumption to meet various end-user’s service requirements. [PR.5.13.6.2] Subject to operator policy and regulatory requirements, the 5G ...
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5.14 Use case on reducing GHG footprint of Application Services
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5.14.1 Description
Global warming caused by excessive emissions of GHG (e.g., carbon dioxide) due to human activity (e.g., burning fossil fuels for electricity generation) is the main driver to climate change, which poses a significant threat to society and the environment. To achieve carbon neutrality, it is important to reduce the GHG ...
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5.14.2 Pre-conditions
The operator A provides the computing services through the computing nodes owned by itself or other third-party companies via certain Service Level Agreement (SLA), which execute the compute tasks (e.g., offloaded by users). Each computing node is powered by renewable energy (e.g., solar energy), non-renewable energy (...
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5.14.3 Service flows
1. Eva subscribes the green compute and communication service to save our planet. 2. Eva indicates to the operator A that the compute task needs to be finished before the next workday (8:00 AM on Monday). 3. Eva offloads the compute task of AI/ML model training to the system owned by the operator A before she left the ...
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5.14.4 Post-conditions
Eva’s AI/ML model training is finished before the targeted deadline while protecting our beautiful planet. Operator A reduces the scale of its renewable energy storage system and reduce the overall cost.
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5.14.5 Existing features partly or fully covering the use case functionality
None.
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5.14.6 Potential new requirements needed to support the use case
[PR.5.14.6-1] Subject to operator’s policy and agreement between an application service provider and operator, the 5G system shall support a mechanism for the application service provider (including edge computing service provider) to provide to the 5G system the current or predicted ratio of renewable energy used for ...
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5.15 Use case on supporting communication service with carbon-aware service requirements
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5.15.1 Description
Climate change caused by excessive emissions of GHG (Green House Gas, e.g., carbon dioxide) due to human activity (e.g., burning fossil fuels for electricity generation) is the main driver to climate change, which poses a significant threat to society and the environment. Toward the goal of carbon neutrality, it is imp...
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5.15.2 Pre-conditions
Eva watches videos during the commute. She receives 5G service from the mobile network operator A. The 5G system operated by operator A is powered by both of renewable energy (e.g., solar energy) and non-renewable energy (e.g., coal). The ratio of renewable energy measures the ratio of the power that is used from renew...
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5.15.3 Service flows
1. During the commute between the home and the workplace, Eva watches videos via 5GS operated by operator A. 2. Eva subscribes the green communication service option provided by operator A. Following the pre-agreed QoS requirements with Eva, the operator A adjusts the communication services based on the supply of renew...
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5.15.4 Post-conditions
Eva can enjoy communication service with the satisfied quality of service while protecting our beautiful planet.
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5.15.5 Existing features partly or fully covering the use case functionality
None.
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5.15.6 Potential new requirements needed to support the use case
[PR.5.15.6-1] Subject to user consent and operator policy, the 5G system shall be able to provide means to adapt a communication service to fulfil the subscriber’s preference concerning the ratio of renewable energy used for providing the service. NOTE: Calculation of ratio of renewable energy as described in the prece...
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6 Consolidated potential requirements
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6.1 Energy consumption as service criteria
This subclause contains the requirements related to energy consumption as service criteria and supporting energy credit limit for specific service. Table 6.1-1 – Consolidated requirements on energy consumption as service criteria CPR # Consolidated Potential Requirement Original PR # Comment CPR 6.1-1 Subject to operat...
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6.2 Different energy states of network elements and network functions
This subclause contains the requirements related to different energy states of network elements and network functions and dynamic changes. Table 6.2-1 – Consolidated Requirements on different energy states of network elements and network functions CPR # Consolidated Potential Requirement Original PR # Comment CPR 6.2-1...
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6.3 Monitoring and measurement related to energy consumption and efficiency
This subclause contains the requirements of monitoring and measurement related to energy consumption and efficiency. Table 6.3-1 –Consolidated Requirements on monitoring and measurement related to energy efficiency CPR # Consolidated Potential Requirement Original PR # Comment CPR 6.3-1 Subject to operator's policy, th...
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6.4 Information exposure related to energy consumption and efficiency
This subclause contains the requirements related to information exposure related to energy consumption and efficiency. Table 6.4-1 – Consolidated Requirements on information exposure related to Energy Consumption CPR # Consolidated Potential Requirement Original PR # Comment CPR 6.4-1 Subject to operator’s policy and a...
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6.6 Temporary communication service pooling over a geographical area for energy saving
This subclause contains the requirements related to the temporary communication service pooling over a geographical area for energy saving. Table 6.6-1 – Consolidated requirements on temporary communication service pooling over a geographical area for energy saving CPR # Consolidated Potential Requirement Original PR #...
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7 Conclusion and recommendations
This document analyzes a number of use cases to support energy efficiency as service criteria. The resulting potential consolidated requirements have been captured in clauses 6. It is recommended to proceed with normative work based on the identified consolidated requirements. Annex A: Existing energy efficiency standa...
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1 Scope
The present document analyses use cases of smart railway station such as station operation monitoring and control, passenger supporting services and evolution use cases of business and performance applications currently included in TR22.989 in order to derive potential requirements.
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2 References
The following documents contain provisions, which through reference in this text, constitute provisions of the present document. - References are either specific (identified by date of publication, edition number, version number, etc.) or non‑specific. - For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply. - Fo...
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3 Definitions and abbreviations
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3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the terms and definitions given in 3GPP TR 21.905 [1] and the following apply. A term defined in the present document takes precedence over the definition of the same term, if any, in 3GPP TR 21.905 [1]. Mobile Intelligent Assistant: 5G enabled robot with autonomous movements a...
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3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the abbreviations given in 3GPP TR 21.905 [1] and the following apply. An abbreviation defined in the present document takes precedence over the definition of the same abbreviation, if any, in 3GPP TR 21.905 [1]. AI Artificial Intelligence FRMCS Future Railway Mobile Communicat...
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4 Overviews
The railway station is a major touchpoint to customers including passengers. The railway community is considering the Railway Smart Station services for the railway station operations and customers. Many railway companies are planning to adopt the Railway Smart Station services and some companies have already launched ...
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5 Performance communication applications related use cases
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5.1 Emergency use case of smart station – fire in station
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5.1.1 Description
The fire in station use case is to describe an emergency situation and managing the situation in context of railway smart station. Through this use case work, technical keywords are deduced and numbers of potential requirements are come from the keywords.
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5.1.2 Pre-conditions
Fire detectors are 3GPP UEs. The passengers have their own 3GPP UEs as their smart phone. There is a fire situation in somewhere of a railway smart station. A fire detector senses the situation and report to railway smart station system via 3GPP network. Some passengers also recognize and register the situation to the ...
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5.1.3 Service Flows
1. The Railway Smart Station System indicates the fire situation from the fire detector. While the fire is getting bigger and bigger, the number of fire detectors providing sensing information is also increasing. The system indicates the location and directions of the fire spreading by analysing the information from th...
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5.1.4 Post-conditions
The devices in the station are monitored and controlled by the Railway Smart Station System. The railway workers, firefighters, police officers are on their duty using their UEs. The people in the station and the incoming train, escape the station and move to the safe place by using their UEs which are interfaced by th...
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5.1.5 Existing features partly or fully covering the use case functionality
The role and group management are fully covered by 3GPP system and MCX framework.
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5.1.6 Potential New Requirements needed to support the use case
[PR-5.1.6-1] The 5G system shall support to access various networks which are used to monitor and control features for the devices in the station. [PR-5.1.6-2] The 5G system shall support to connect massive number of devices in a specific area in the station, which is defined to monitor and/or control. [PR-5.1.6-3] The...
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5.2 Multiple trains' stops at the same platform
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5.2.1 Description
It is needed to reduce train intervals to increase the track capacity. If the train intervals are less than some threshold, multiple trains should stop at the same platform. This is because we can reduce the interval between trains, but for safety reasons, reducing the time for passengers to get on and off and increasi...
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5.2.2 Pre-conditions
- Each train has at least one onboard UE (i.e., FRMCS UE), supporting both on-network and off-network communications. - There is an edge server per station and the edge server can determine which platform trains stop and transmit/receive data to onboard UEs of Trains 1&2 through the 3GPP network. - Each edge server can...
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5.2.3 Service Flows
1. Train 1 is stopping at Platform A of the smart station, and Train 2 is approaching. Trains 1 & 2 are connected and authorized to transmit/receive information to the server at the smart station. 2. The server determines that Train 2 stops at Platform A. The server informs Train 2 of the platform where Train 2 will st...
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5.2.4 Post-conditions
- Train 1 establishes a connection with the server at the next station while Train 1 has a connection with the server at the current station. - When the distance between Trains 1 and 2 becomes longer, Trains 1 and 2 stop sharing the information and disconnect from each other.
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5.2.5 Existing features partly or fully covering the use case functionality
TR 22.990[6] covers utilizing off-network and on-network communications at the same time and the traffic characteristic of off-network communications.
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5.2.6 Potential New Requirements needed to support the use case
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5.2.6.1 Requirements related to the Service layer
[PR 5.2.6-1] A single mobile FRMCS UE shall be able to connect to multiple edge servers simultaneously which are located along rail tracks. Note: The above requirement is intended to be included in Section 5.5 of TS22.282[8]. [Editor's note: The potential requirements for FRMCS UEs to identify the edge servers are FFS]...
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5.2.6.2 Requirements related to the Transport layer
[PR 5.2.6-2] The FRMCS System shall support the following traffic characteristics of data transfer: Note: This table is intended to be included in Section 6.2 of TS 22.289[9]. Scenario (Note 5) End-to-end latency Reliability (Note 1) UE speed UE Relative Speed User experienced data rate Payload size (Note 2) Area traff...
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6 Business communication applications related use cases
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6.1 Transportation convenience service for the passengers for the reduced mobility
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6.1.1 Description
In the Railway Smart Station, a transportation convenience service for the passengers with the reduced mobility can be feasible, such as a mobility service for the passengers to arrive at the desired destination. Figure 6.1.1-1. Example of transport convenience service for passenger with reduced mobility
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6.1.2 Pre-conditions
1. There exist feasible Mobile Intelligent Assistants in the Railway Smart Station, where the Mobile Intelligent Assistants support 3GPP system. 2. The Mobile Intelligent Assistants are operated under the central control system via 3GPP access. 3. There is at least one passenger with reduced mobility in the Railway Sma...
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6.1.3 Service Flows
1. A passenger with reduced mobility is reserved in advance, where a Railway Smart Station already knows that the passenger needs help to get to the desired destination. 2. Once the passenger enters the Railway Smart Station, one Mobile Intelligent Assistant stands by for mobile support to the desired destination. 3. T...
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6.1.4 Post-conditions
1. The Railway Smart Station traces and manages the route of movement of the passenger with reduced mobility.
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6.1.5 Existing features partly or fully covering the use case functionality
[R-5.11-001] The MCX Service shall support obtaining and conveying Location information describing the position of the MCX UE. [R-5.11-002] The MCX Service should support obtaining and conveying high accuracy Location information describing the position of the MCX UE. [R-5.11-002a] The MCX Service shall be able to prov...