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a38197fd_ards_about_Iolani_English_9_Q1__Question
[Answer] adj. faultless; flawless; perfect [Question]
impeccably
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Flashcards about Iolani English 9 Q1
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-272499
23/1438042988930.94_20150728002308-00249-ip-10-236-191-2_729170701_3.json
4eba2031_rds_about_Intensifying_Screens__Question
[Answer] Base; Reflective layer; phosphor; protective coating [Question]
Identify the layers of the screens
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Flashcards about Intensifying Screens
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-87808
23/1438042988930.94_20150728002308-00123-ip-10-236-191-2_732787864_3.json
4eba2031_rds_about_Intensifying_Screens__Question
[Answer] Active layer [Question]
Explain the function of Phosphor
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Flashcards about Intensifying Screens
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-87808
23/1438042988930.94_20150728002308-00123-ip-10-236-191-2_732787864_3.json
4eba2031_rds_about_Intensifying_Screens__Question
[Answer] Foundation that is radiolucent [Question]
Explain the function the base layer
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Flashcards about Intensifying Screens
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-87808
23/1438042988930.94_20150728002308-00123-ip-10-236-191-2_732787864_3.json
4eba2031_rds_about_Intensifying_Screens__Question
[Answer] Redirects light [Question]
Explain the function of the reflective layer
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Flashcards about Intensifying Screens
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-87808
23/1438042988930.94_20150728002308-00123-ip-10-236-191-2_732787864_3.json
4eba2031_rds_about_Intensifying_Screens__Question
[Answer] Protects from abrasions in handling [Question]
Explain the function of the protective layer
[]
Flashcards about Intensifying Screens
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-87808
23/1438042988930.94_20150728002308-00123-ip-10-236-191-2_732787864_3.json
4eba2031_rds_about_Intensifying_Screens__Question
[Answer] Active layer; emitts light during x-ray; converts x-ray beam to light [Question]
What is the function of the phosphor?
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Flashcards about Intensifying Screens
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-87808
23/1438042988930.94_20150728002308-00123-ip-10-236-191-2_732787864_3.json
4eba2031_rds_about_Intensifying_Screens__Question
[Answer] 1. High atomic number (DQE); 2) Conversion efficiency; 3) Spectral matching; 4) Afterglow needs to be minimal [Question]
Name the 4 characteristics of a phosphor
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Flashcards about Intensifying Screens
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-87808
23/1438042988930.94_20150728002308-00123-ip-10-236-191-2_732787864_3.json
4eba2031_rds_about_Intensifying_Screens__Question
[Answer] Absorbtion [Question]
What is Quantum Detection Efficiency?
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Flashcards about Intensifying Screens
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-87808
23/1438042988930.94_20150728002308-00123-ip-10-236-191-2_732787864_3.json
4eba2031_rds_about_Intensifying_Screens__Question
[Answer] Blue - Blue; Green - Green [Question]
Define Spectral Matching
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Flashcards about Intensifying Screens
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-87808
23/1438042988930.94_20150728002308-00123-ip-10-236-191-2_732787864_3.json
4eba2031_rds_about_Intensifying_Screens__Question
[Answer] Historically Calcuim Tunstate (blue light) [Question]
List the material commonly used as screen phosphors
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Flashcards about Intensifying Screens
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-87808
23/1438042988930.94_20150728002308-00123-ip-10-236-191-2_732787864_3.json
4eba2031_rds_about_Intensifying_Screens__Question
[Answer] Gadolinuim; lanthanum; yttrium (green light) [Question]
List the rare earth elements
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Flashcards about Intensifying Screens
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-87808
23/1438042988930.94_20150728002308-00123-ip-10-236-191-2_732787864_3.json
4eba2031_rds_about_Intensifying_Screens__Question
[Answer] Barium platinocyanide [Question]
Identify the substance that illumines in the photographic plates uses by Roentgen
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Flashcards about Intensifying Screens
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-87808
23/1438042988930.94_20150728002308-00123-ip-10-236-191-2_732787864_3.json
4eba2031_rds_about_Intensifying_Screens__Question
[Answer] Any material that emits light in response to outside stimulation (x-ray or fast moving electrons) [Question]
Define luminescence
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Flashcards about Intensifying Screens
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-87808
23/1438042988930.94_20150728002308-00123-ip-10-236-191-2_732787864_3.json
4eba2031_rds_about_Intensifying_Screens__Question
[Answer] Reflective layer increases speed and sensitivity [Question]
Compare a screen with a reflective layer to one with out this layer
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Flashcards about Intensifying Screens
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-87808
23/1438042988930.94_20150728002308-00123-ip-10-236-191-2_732787864_3.json
4eba2031_rds_about_Intensifying_Screens__Question
[Answer] Outer shell [Question]
Identify which electrons are involved in luminescence
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Flashcards about Intensifying Screens
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-87808
23/1438042988930.94_20150728002308-00123-ip-10-236-191-2_732787864_3.json
4eba2031_rds_about_Intensifying_Screens__Question
[Answer] Fluorescence is light emitting only during stimulation; Phosphorescence is after glow [Question]
What is the difference between FLUORESCENCE and PHOSPHORESCENCE?
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Flashcards about Intensifying Screens
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-87808
23/1438042988930.94_20150728002308-00123-ip-10-236-191-2_732787864_3.json
4eba2031_rds_about_Intensifying_Screens__Question
[Answer] IF = Exposure required without screens OVER exposure required with screens. Always > 1 [Question]
State the formula used to find the intensification factor
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Flashcards about Intensifying Screens
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-87808
23/1438042988930.94_20150728002308-00123-ip-10-236-191-2_732787864_3.json
4eba2031_rds_about_Intensifying_Screens__Question
[Answer] Magnitude of dose reduction [Question]
Explain the intensification factor
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Flashcards about Intensifying Screens
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-87808
23/1438042988930.94_20150728002308-00123-ip-10-236-191-2_732787864_3.json
4eba2031_rds_about_Intensifying_Screens__Question
[Answer] Rare earth screens are 2 times as fast as calcium tungstate [Question]
Give the approximate numerical speed values assigned to screens
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Flashcards about Intensifying Screens
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-87808
23/1438042988930.94_20150728002308-00123-ip-10-236-191-2_732787864_3.json
4eba2031_rds_about_Intensifying_Screens__Question
[Answer] Fast screen speed increases optical density [Question]
Explain the relationship of screen speed to radiographic density
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Flashcards about Intensifying Screens
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-87808
23/1438042988930.94_20150728002308-00123-ip-10-236-191-2_732787864_3.json
4eba2031_rds_about_Intensifying_Screens__Question
[Answer] Spatial and Contrast - Spatial - you can see small structures clearly; Contrast - able to differenciate between similar tissues [Question]
Explain the term RESOLUTION
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Flashcards about Intensifying Screens
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-87808
23/1438042988930.94_20150728002308-00123-ip-10-236-191-2_732787864_3.json
4eba2031_rds_about_Intensifying_Screens__Question
[Answer] Line pair test pattern - direct exposure to screen [Question]
Explain the test done for resolution
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Flashcards about Intensifying Screens
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-87808
23/1438042988930.94_20150728002308-00123-ip-10-236-191-2_732787864_3.json
4eba2031_rds_about_Intensifying_Screens__Question
[Answer] Calcium Tunstate - blue; Rare Earth is green [Question]
Describe the colors emitted by screen crystals
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Flashcards about Intensifying Screens
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-87808
23/1438042988930.94_20150728002308-00123-ip-10-236-191-2_732787864_3.json
4eba2031_rds_about_Intensifying_Screens__Question
[Answer] Spectral Matching; Screen film compatability (blue-blue; green- green) [Question]
Explain the relationship of screens and film
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Flashcards about Intensifying Screens
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-87808
23/1438042988930.94_20150728002308-00123-ip-10-236-191-2_732787864_3.json
4eba2031_rds_about_Intensifying_Screens__Question
[Answer] Rigid, light tight film holder [Question]
Define CASSETTE
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Flashcards about Intensifying Screens
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-87808
23/1438042988930.94_20150728002308-00123-ip-10-236-191-2_732787864_3.json
4eba2031_rds_about_Intensifying_Screens__Question
[Answer] Back side has higher atomic number [Question]
Explain how backscatter is prevented in a cassette
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Flashcards about Intensifying Screens
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-87808
23/1438042988930.94_20150728002308-00123-ip-10-236-191-2_732787864_3.json
4eba2031_rds_about_Intensifying_Screens__Question
[Answer] Direct - sharp resolution; more patient dose; Screen Film - Less sharp in resolution but less patient dose [Question]
Compare DIRECT exposure to SCREEN-FILM exposure
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Flashcards about Intensifying Screens
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-87808
23/1438042988930.94_20150728002308-00123-ip-10-236-191-2_732787864_3.json
4eba2031_rds_about_Intensifying_Screens__Question
[Answer] Less patient dose; increases x-ray tube life because less technique can be used [Question]
What is the principal advantage of rare earth screens to patient exposure, dose and x-ray tube life?
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Flashcards about Intensifying Screens
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-87808
23/1438042988930.94_20150728002308-00123-ip-10-236-191-2_732787864_3.json
4eba2031_rds_about_Intensifying_Screens__Question
[Answer] Rare earth absorbs 5 times that of tungston [Question]
Compare the K-shell absorption levels and light emissions for calcium tungstate and rare earth screens
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Flashcards about Intensifying Screens
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-87808
23/1438042988930.94_20150728002308-00123-ip-10-236-191-2_732787864_3.json
4eba2031_rds_about_Intensifying_Screens__Question
[Answer] Rare earth is 4 times better [Question]
Compare the converstion efficiencies of calcium tungstate and rare earth screens
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Flashcards about Intensifying Screens
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-87808
23/1438042988930.94_20150728002308-00123-ip-10-236-191-2_732787864_3.json
ce55f61d_hcards_about_ATLS_Chapters_1_3__Question
[Answer] 8 [Question]
Patients with a GSC of less than ___ usually require intubation.
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Flashcards about ATLS Chapters 1-3
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-422286
23/1438042990609.0_20150728002310-00152-ip-10-236-191-2_744858681_3.json
ce55f61d_hcards_about_ATLS_Chapters_1_3__Question
[Answer] Airway maintenance with CERVICAL SPINE PROTECTION [Question]
The "A" in ABCD stands for _______.
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Flashcards about ATLS Chapters 1-3
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-422286
23/1438042990609.0_20150728002310-00152-ip-10-236-191-2_744858681_3.json
ce55f61d_hcards_about_ATLS_Chapters_1_3__Question
[Answer] Cervical spine injury [Question]
You should assume that any patient in a multisystem trauma with an altered level of consciousness or blunt injury above the clavicle has what type of injury?
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Flashcards about ATLS Chapters 1-3
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-422286
23/1438042990609.0_20150728002310-00152-ip-10-236-191-2_744858681_3.json
ce55f61d_hcards_about_ATLS_Chapters_1_3__Question
[Answer] pulmonary contusion - do NOT over fluid resuscitate these patients! [Question]
Flail chest is invariably accompanied by ______ which can interfere with blood oxygenation.
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Flashcards about ATLS Chapters 1-3
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-422286
23/1438042990609.0_20150728002310-00152-ip-10-236-191-2_744858681_3.json
ce55f61d_hcards_about_ATLS_Chapters_1_3__Question
[Answer] hypovolemia [Question]
Hypotension is caused by _____ until proven otherwise.
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Flashcards about ATLS Chapters 1-3
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-422286
23/1438042990609.0_20150728002310-00152-ip-10-236-191-2_744858681_3.json
ce55f61d_hcards_about_ATLS_Chapters_1_3__Question
[Answer] 1. Level of consciousness (brain perfusion), 2. Skin color (ashen face/grey extremities) 3. Pulse (bilateral femoral - thready/tachy) [Question]
When you don't have/can't get a blood pressure, what are three things to look for when evaluating perfusion.
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Flashcards about ATLS Chapters 1-3
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-422286
23/1438042990609.0_20150728002310-00152-ip-10-236-191-2_744858681_3.json
ce55f61d_hcards_about_ATLS_Chapters_1_3__Question
[Answer] increase heart rate [Question]
Elderly patients have a limited ability to ______ to compensate for blood loss.
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Flashcards about ATLS Chapters 1-3
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-422286
23/1438042990609.0_20150728002310-00152-ip-10-236-191-2_744858681_3.json
ce55f61d_hcards_about_ATLS_Chapters_1_3__Question
[Answer] YES - for CRYSTALLOID ONLY (but NOT for blood products). [Question]
Resuscitation fluids should be warmed 39 degrees Celsius (102.2 F). Can you use a microwave to do this?
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Flashcards about ATLS Chapters 1-3
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-422286
23/1438042990609.0_20150728002310-00152-ip-10-236-191-2_744858681_3.json
ce55f61d_hcards_about_ATLS_Chapters_1_3__Question
[Answer] Blood at urethral meatus, perineal ecchymosis, blood in scrotum, high-riding/non-palpable prostate, pelvic fracture [Question]
Urinary catheters are good for assessing renal perfusion and volume status. List 5 signs of urethral injury that might prevent you from inserting one.
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Flashcards about ATLS Chapters 1-3
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-422286
23/1438042990609.0_20150728002310-00152-ip-10-236-191-2_744858681_3.json
ce55f61d_hcards_about_ATLS_Chapters_1_3__Question
[Answer] The arm with a blood pressure cuff on it [Question]
Which arm should you NOT put a pulse-ox on?
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Flashcards about ATLS Chapters 1-3
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-422286
23/1438042990609.0_20150728002310-00152-ip-10-236-191-2_744858681_3.json
ce55f61d_hcards_about_ATLS_Chapters_1_3__Question
[Answer] Obesity & intraluminal bowel gas [Question]
Name two anatomical things that can interfere with doing a FAST scan.
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Flashcards about ATLS Chapters 1-3
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-422286
23/1438042990609.0_20150728002310-00152-ip-10-236-191-2_744858681_3.json
ce55f61d_hcards_about_ATLS_Chapters_1_3__Question
[Answer] During the SECONDARY survey. [Question]
When should radiographs be obtained?
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Flashcards about ATLS Chapters 1-3
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-422286
23/1438042990609.0_20150728002310-00152-ip-10-236-191-2_744858681_3.json
ce55f61d_hcards_about_ATLS_Chapters_1_3__Question
[Answer] A=Allergies, M=Medications, P=PMH/Pregnancy, L=Last meal, E=Events/Environment of injury [Question]
How do you get an ample patient history?
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Flashcards about ATLS Chapters 1-3
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-422286
23/1438042990609.0_20150728002310-00152-ip-10-236-191-2_744858681_3.json
ce55f61d_hcards_about_ATLS_Chapters_1_3__Question
[Answer] Vasodilation can lead to hypothermia [Question]
Why might you want a Bair Hugger for a patient who smells of alcohol?
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Flashcards about ATLS Chapters 1-3
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-422286
23/1438042990609.0_20150728002310-00152-ip-10-236-191-2_744858681_3.json
ce55f61d_hcards_about_ATLS_Chapters_1_3__Question
[Answer] Blood, high-riding prostate (in males), and sphincter tone [Question]
What things are you looking for when you do a DRE in a trauma?
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Flashcards about ATLS Chapters 1-3
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-422286
23/1438042990609.0_20150728002310-00152-ip-10-236-191-2_744858681_3.json
ce55f61d_hcards_about_ATLS_Chapters_1_3__Question
[Answer] Pregnancy test (females of childbearing age) [Question]
What should you do for every female patient?
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Flashcards about ATLS Chapters 1-3
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-422286
23/1438042990609.0_20150728002310-00152-ip-10-236-191-2_744858681_3.json
ce55f61d_hcards_about_ATLS_Chapters_1_3__Question
[Answer] Adults 0.5 mL/kg/hr, Kids 1.0 ml/kg/hr [Question]
Adult patients should maintain UOP of at least ___ mL/kg/hr. Kids should have at least ___ mL/kg/hr.
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Flashcards about ATLS Chapters 1-3
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-422286
23/1438042990609.0_20150728002310-00152-ip-10-236-191-2_744858681_3.json
ce55f61d_hcards_about_ATLS_Chapters_1_3__Question
[Answer] head [Question]
Preventing hypercarbia is critical in patients who have sustained a _____ injury.
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Flashcards about ATLS Chapters 1-3
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-422286
23/1438042990609.0_20150728002310-00152-ip-10-236-191-2_744858681_3.json
ce55f61d_hcards_about_ATLS_Chapters_1_3__Question
[Answer] Lips and fingernail beds [Question]
What two places would you LOOK at a patient if you suspect hypoxemia?
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Flashcards about ATLS Chapters 1-3
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-422286
23/1438042990609.0_20150728002310-00152-ip-10-236-191-2_744858681_3.json
ce55f61d_hcards_about_ATLS_Chapters_1_3__Question
[Answer] hypoxia [Question]
Patients may be abusive and belligerent because of _____, so don't just assume it's due to drugs, alcohol, or the fact that they are just inherently a jerk.
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Flashcards about ATLS Chapters 1-3
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-422286
23/1438042990609.0_20150728002310-00152-ip-10-236-191-2_744858681_3.json
ce55f61d_hcards_about_ATLS_Chapters_1_3__Question
[Answer] Yes, if the phrenic nerves (C3-C5) are spared. This will result in "abdominal" breathing. The intercostal muscles will be paralyzed though. [Question]
Can a patient breathe on their own after complete cervical cord transection?
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Flashcards about ATLS Chapters 1-3
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-422286
23/1438042990609.0_20150728002310-00152-ip-10-236-191-2_744858681_3.json
ce55f61d_hcards_about_ATLS_Chapters_1_3__Question
[Answer] No, it could make them vomit. An NPA (trumpet) would be okay. [Question]
Can you use an OPA (Guedel) in a conscious patient?
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Flashcards about ATLS Chapters 1-3
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-422286
23/1438042990609.0_20150728002310-00152-ip-10-236-191-2_744858681_3.json
ce55f61d_hcards_about_ATLS_Chapters_1_3__Question
[Answer] You can feel the "clicks" as the distal tip rubs against the cartilaginous tracheal rings, or it will deviate right or left when entering either bronchus (usually at 50 cm). [Question]
Bougies are typically inserted blindly, how do you know you are in the trachea and not the esophagus?
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Flashcards about ATLS Chapters 1-3
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-422286
23/1438042990609.0_20150728002310-00152-ip-10-236-191-2_744858681_3.json
ce55f61d_hcards_about_ATLS_Chapters_1_3__Question
[Answer] Borborygmi - rumbling or gurgling noises suggesting esophageal insertion. [Question]
What do you NOT want to hear if you ascultate a patient after placement of an ET tube?
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Flashcards about ATLS Chapters 1-3
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-422286
23/1438042990609.0_20150728002310-00152-ip-10-236-191-2_744858681_3.json
ce55f61d_hcards_about_ATLS_Chapters_1_3__Question
[Answer] 0.3 mg/kg (usually 20 mg) [Question]
What is the RSI dose for etomidate?
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Flashcards about ATLS Chapters 1-3
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-422286
23/1438042990609.0_20150728002310-00152-ip-10-236-191-2_744858681_3.json
ce55f61d_hcards_about_ATLS_Chapters_1_3__Question
[Answer] 1-2 mg/kg (usually 100 mg) [Question]
What is the RSI dose for sux?
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Flashcards about ATLS Chapters 1-3
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-422286
23/1438042990609.0_20150728002310-00152-ip-10-236-191-2_744858681_3.json
ce55f61d_hcards_about_ATLS_Chapters_1_3__Question
[Answer] It doesn't - at least it SHOULDN'T have any significant effect on BP. Ketamine will increase BP, and propofol and thiopental will both drop BP. [Question]
How does etomidate affect blood pressure?
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Flashcards about ATLS Chapters 1-3
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-422286
23/1438042990609.0_20150728002310-00152-ip-10-236-191-2_744858681_3.json
ce55f61d_hcards_about_ATLS_Chapters_1_3__Question
[Answer] 5 [Question]
A RSI dose of sux usually lasts about ___ minutes.
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Flashcards about ATLS Chapters 1-3
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-422286
23/1438042990609.0_20150728002310-00152-ip-10-236-191-2_744858681_3.json
ce55f61d_hcards_about_ATLS_Chapters_1_3__Question
[Answer] SUX - patients with severe burns, crush injuries, hyperkalemia, or chronic paralytic/neuromuscular diseases should NOT get sux because of hyperkalemia risk. [Question]
What hypnotic/sedative/induction agent do you NOT want to use for a severely burned patient?
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Flashcards about ATLS Chapters 1-3
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-422286
23/1438042990609.0_20150728002310-00152-ip-10-236-191-2_744858681_3.json
ce55f61d_hcards_about_ATLS_Chapters_1_3__Question
[Answer] Adults 12-14 gauge, kids 16-18 gauge [Question]
Oxygen should flow at 15L for needle cricothyroidotomy, and have a Y-connector for insufflation if possible. What size needle do you use for adults? Kids?
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Flashcards about ATLS Chapters 1-3
Question
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23/1438042990609.0_20150728002310-00152-ip-10-236-191-2_744858681_3.json
ce55f61d_hcards_about_ATLS_Chapters_1_3__Question
[Answer] 12 [Question]
Cricoid cartilage is the only circumferential support for the upper trachea in kids, therefore surgical cricothyroidotomy is not recommended in kids under the age of ___.
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Flashcards about ATLS Chapters 1-3
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ce55f61d_hcards_about_ATLS_Chapters_1_3__Question
[Answer] 30-45 [Question]
In a "normal" patient without significant chest wall injury or lung disease, needle cricothyroidotomy can provide adequate oxygenation for approximately ____ minutes.
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Flashcards about ATLS Chapters 1-3
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ce55f61d_hcards_about_ATLS_Chapters_1_3__Question
[Answer] Chin-lift, jaw-thrust (NOT head-tilt while maintaining c-spine precautions), OPA (guedel), NPA (trumpet), LMA, Combitube, ET tube +/- bougie [Question]
For a patient with difficulty breathing, what things might you try before you provide a surgical airway?
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Flashcards about ATLS Chapters 1-3
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ce55f61d_hcards_about_ATLS_Chapters_1_3__Question
[Answer] A correctly sized OPA will extend from the corner of the patient's mouth to the external auditory canal. [Question]
How do you know if an OPA/Guedel is the correct size for the patient?
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Flashcards about ATLS Chapters 1-3
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ce55f61d_hcards_about_ATLS_Chapters_1_3__Question
[Answer] Inflate it to make sure it doesn't leak - then deflate and insert. [Question]
What should do with the balloon on an ET tube/LMA/foley before you insert it?
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Flashcards about ATLS Chapters 1-3
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ce55f61d_hcards_about_ATLS_Chapters_1_3__Question
[Answer] Kid: 3, Woman/small man: 4, Large woman/man: 5 (C3,4,5 keep the diaphragm alive) [Question]
What size LMA do you use for kid, woman/small man, large woman/man?
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Flashcards about ATLS Chapters 1-3
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ce55f61d_hcards_about_ATLS_Chapters_1_3__Question
[Answer] The same size as the infant's nostril or little finger. (Usually size 3 for neonates, 3.5 for infants) [Question]
The proper size ET tube for an infant is ______.
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Flashcards about ATLS Chapters 1-3
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ce55f61d_hcards_about_ATLS_Chapters_1_3__Question
[Answer] 5 or 6 [Question]
What size cuffed endotracheal tube do you use for an emergency cricothyroidotomy?
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Flashcards about ATLS Chapters 1-3
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ce55f61d_hcards_about_ATLS_Chapters_1_3__Question
[Answer] Age/4 + 4 mm = internal diameter [Question]
Use size 3 ET tubes for neonates, 3.5 for infants 0-6 months, and size 4 for infants 6-12 months. How do you calculate what size ET tube to use for toddlers and kids?
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Flashcards about ATLS Chapters 1-3
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ce55f61d_hcards_about_ATLS_Chapters_1_3__Question
[Answer] Neurogenic, cardiogenic, hypovolemic, septic [Question]
Shock is defined as an abnormality of the circulatory system that results in inadequate organ perfusion and tissue oxygenation. What are the 4 different types?
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Flashcards about ATLS Chapters 1-3
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ce55f61d_hcards_about_ATLS_Chapters_1_3__Question
[Answer] hemorrhage [Question]
The most common cause of shock in the injured trauma patient is _____.
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Flashcards about ATLS Chapters 1-3
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ce55f61d_hcards_about_ATLS_Chapters_1_3__Question
[Answer] 70 [Question]
Approximately ___% of the body's total blood volume is located in the venous circuit.
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Flashcards about ATLS Chapters 1-3
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ce55f61d_hcards_about_ATLS_Chapters_1_3__Question
[Answer] Anaerobic metabolism --> can't make more ATP --> Endoplasmic then mitochondrial damage --> lysosomes rupture --> sodium and WATER enter the cell, which SWELLS and dies. [Question]
Why does shock actually reduce the total volume of circulating blood?
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ce55f61d_hcards_about_ATLS_Chapters_1_3__Question
[Answer] NEVER use pressors for hypovolemic shock - use VOLUME replacement. Pressors will worsen tissue perfusion in hemorrhagic shock. [Question]
Which vasopressors should you use to treat hemorrhagic shock? What are the drug doses?
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Flashcards about ATLS Chapters 1-3
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ce55f61d_hcards_about_ATLS_Chapters_1_3__Question
[Answer] 30 [Question]
Compensatory mechanisms may preclude a measurable fall in systolic blood pressure until up to __% of the patient's blood volume is lost.
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ce55f61d_hcards_about_ATLS_Chapters_1_3__Question
[Answer] in shock [Question]
Any patient who is cool and is tachycardic is considered to be ______ until proven otherwise.
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ce55f61d_hcards_about_ATLS_Chapters_1_3__Question
[Answer] Infants >160, toddlers/preschoolers >140, school age/prebuscent >120, adults >100 [Question]
The definition of tachycardia depends on the patient's age. What heart rate is considered tachycardic for infants, toddlers/preschoolers, school age/prebuscent, and adults?
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ce55f61d_hcards_about_ATLS_Chapters_1_3__Question
[Answer] They might be on a beta-blocker or have a pacemaker. [Question]
Elderly patients may not exhibit tachycardia in response to hypovolemia because of limited cardiac response to catecholamines. Why else might not they get tachy?
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ce55f61d_hcards_about_ATLS_Chapters_1_3__Question
[Answer] Becks's Triad: JVD, muffled heart sounds, and hypotension (will be resistant to fluid therapy). Will also likely be tachycardic. [Question]
A FAST scan is an excellent way to diagnose cardiac tamponade. What signs suggest tamponade?
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ce55f61d_hcards_about_ATLS_Chapters_1_3__Question
[Answer] Absent breath sounds and hyperresonance to percussion over the affected hemithorax. [Question]
Patients with a tension pneumo and patients with cardiac tamponade may present with many of the same signs. What findings will you see with a tension pneumo that you will NOT see with tamponade?
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ce55f61d_hcards_about_ATLS_Chapters_1_3__Question
[Answer] Acute respiratory distress & subcutaneous emphysema [Question]
Immediate thoracic decompression is warranted for anyone with absent breath sounds, hyperresonance to percussion, tracheal deviation, ____, and ____.
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ce55f61d_hcards_about_ATLS_Chapters_1_3__Question
[Answer] NO [Question]
Can isolated intracranial injuries cause neurogenic shock?
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Flashcards about ATLS Chapters 1-3
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ce55f61d_hcards_about_ATLS_Chapters_1_3__Question
[Answer] 70 mL per kg body weight. A 70 kg person has about 5 liters of circulating blood. (70*70=4900) [Question]
How do you calculate total blood volume in an adult?
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Flashcards about ATLS Chapters 1-3
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ce55f61d_hcards_about_ATLS_Chapters_1_3__Question
[Answer] Body weight in kg x 80-90 mL [Question]
How do you calculate total blood volume in an child?
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ce55f61d_hcards_about_ATLS_Chapters_1_3__Question
[Answer] ideal [Question]
The blood volume of an obese person is calculated based upon their ______ weight.
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Flashcards about ATLS Chapters 1-3
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ce55f61d_hcards_about_ATLS_Chapters_1_3__Question
[Answer] The patient's response to initial replacment [Question]
Fluid replacement should be guided by ________, not simply by the initial classification (Class I-IV).
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ce55f61d_hcards_about_ATLS_Chapters_1_3__Question
[Answer] Up to 15% Donating 1 pint, or ~500 mL of blood is about a 10% volume loss and would qualify as Class I Hemorrhage! [Question]
How much blood volume is lost with Class I Hemorrhage?
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ce55f61d_hcards_about_ATLS_Chapters_1_3__Question
[Answer] You don't (usually). Transcapillary refill and other compensatory mechanisms usually restore blood volume within 24 hours. [Question]
How do you treat a Class I Hemorrhage?
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ce55f61d_hcards_about_ATLS_Chapters_1_3__Question
[Answer] 15-30% (750-1500 mL in a 70 kg adult) [Question]
How much blood volume is lost with Class II Hemorrhage?
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ce55f61d_hcards_about_ATLS_Chapters_1_3__Question
[Answer] Usually just crystalloid resuscitation [Question]
How do you treat a Class II Hemorrhage?
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ce55f61d_hcards_about_ATLS_Chapters_1_3__Question
[Answer] II [Question]
Subtle CNS changes such as anxiety, fright, and hostility would be expected in a patient with a Class __ Hemorrhage.
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ce55f61d_hcards_about_ATLS_Chapters_1_3__Question
[Answer] 30-40% (2000 mL in a 70 kg adult) [Question]
How much blood volume is lost with Class III Hemorrhage?
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ce55f61d_hcards_about_ATLS_Chapters_1_3__Question
[Answer] III or IV - These patients almost always require a blood transfusion, which depends on their response to initial fluid resuscitation. The first priority is stopping the hemorrhage. [Question]
A patient with inadequate perfusion, marked tachycardia and tachypnea, significant mental status change, and a measurable fall in systolic blood pressure likely has a Class ___ Hemorrhage.
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ce55f61d_hcards_about_ATLS_Chapters_1_3__Question
[Answer] 50 [Question]
Loss of more than ___% of blood volume results in loss of consciousness.
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ce55f61d_hcards_about_ATLS_Chapters_1_3__Question
[Answer] More than 40%. Unless very aggressive measures are taken the patient will die within minutes. [Question]
How much blood volume is lost with Class IV Hemorrhage?
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ce55f61d_hcards_about_ATLS_Chapters_1_3__Question
[Answer] III [Question]
A Class ___ Hemorrhage represents the smallest volume of blood loss that is consistently associated wiht a drop in systolic blood pressure.
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ce55f61d_hcards_about_ATLS_Chapters_1_3__Question
[Answer] 1500 [Question]
Up to ______ mL of blood loss is commonly associated with femur fractures.
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ce55f61d_hcards_about_ATLS_Chapters_1_3__Question
[Answer] gastric distention [Question]
Unexplained hypotension or cardiac dysrhythmias (usually bradycardia from excessive vagal stimulation) are often caused by ______, especially in children.
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ce55f61d_hcards_about_ATLS_Chapters_1_3__Question
[Answer] Adults: 2 liters, Kids: 20 mL/kg (may repeat and give as much as 60 mL/kg but with high reserve in kids, if they're in shock they should get blood sooner rather than later. [Question]
How much crystalloid should you give an adult for an initial fluid resuscitation bolus? For kids?
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