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23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] What are the two forms of excitatory and inhibitory summation? [Answer]
Spactial summation-all together at the same time Temporal summatation-frequency on stimuli build
[]
Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] What are the three types of ion channels? [Answer]
Ligand channels-chemical Voltage channels G-protein- neurotransmitter causes distant channel to remain open. (changes cell structure)
[]
Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] What are the three main types of neurotransmitters? [Answer]
Amino acid Amine Peptide
[]
Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] What are three amino acid neurotransmitters? [Answer]
Glutamate (MOST ABUNDANT), Glycine, GABA
[]
Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] What are two common amine neurotrasmitters? [Answer]
Dopamine Seratonin Norepinepherine
[]
Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] The main excitatory neurotransmitter and inhibitory neurotransmitter in pain pathway are what? [Answer]
Glycine-inhibitory Glutamate-excitatory
[]
Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] Neuron can modulate the activity of other neurons. Changing the properties, structures or function of neurons is called what? [Answer]
Placticity
[]
Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] Changing the behavior of a single neuron can cause a cascade of changes that ultimately may what? [Answer]
Lead to observable changes in the organism
[]
Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] How does a neuron respond to increased receptor use/modulate gene expression? [Answer]
Make the receptor more receptive Increase the number of receptors Change structure by increasing surface area
[]
Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] When a neuron is no longer recieving input from a primary input what may occure? [Answer]
1. Unmasking-minor inputs exaggerate 2. Dendritic pruning of unused dendrites 3. Collateral sprouting recieving new input from another axon
[]
Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] What is the main mechanism for change in the brain? [Answer]
The growth of collaterals
[]
Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] What does collateral sprouting depend on? [Answer]
Increased activity, and vacancy
[]
Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] What three areas in the brain experience neurogenisis? [Answer]
The hypocampus-memory The subventricular zone-nose Somewhat in the cortex
[]
Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] What are the three steps to neurogenisis? [Answer]
Proliferation Migration Differentiation
[]
Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] What three cells can be created from a neural stem cell and what is most likely? [Answer]
Oligodendrocytes Astrocytes- most likely Neurons
[]
Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] Why is stem cell introduction into an adult brain perhaps unwise? [Answer]
Trouble synching with what's there Abnormal connections Differentiate mostly into astrocytes Can cause cancers and neuromas
[]
Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] What is the key component to motor learning? [Answer]
Feedback eg. Error detection
[]
Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] In order to be effective Feedback must be what? [Answer]
Relevant to the task, and properly timed
[]
Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] What type of feedback is best; hand over hand guidence, verbal or self? [Answer]
The best long term generalizabiliy comes from self problem solving alone
[]
Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] How should hand-over-hand guidence be used? [Answer]
Only a little given when they are 90% accurate
[]
Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] What is state dependent learning? [Answer]
The enviroment effects the ability to do a task
[]
Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] How are dendrites related to axonal collateralization? [Answer]
Dendrites release neurotropins which can only be taken up by an axon that is experiencing action potentials
[]
Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] What part of a neuron is activity dependent? [Answer]
Collateralization, Dendritic growth, number and activity of receptors, in summary the entire neuron
[]
Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] The growing end of an axon is called what? [Answer]
The growth cone or Philopodia
[]
Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] Growth over long distances may be encouraged or discouraged by what? [Answer]
Guiding cells
[]
Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] Neurotropins may have what effect? [Answer]
Attract some neurons and repel others
[]
Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] What are 4 common guidence molecules? [Answer]
Netrin attract Slit attract/repel Ephrin repel Semaphorin repel
[]
Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] What happens to neurons that have been damaged? [Answer]
Wallarian degeneration-the damaged axon is consumed Chromatolysis-the neuron is reorganized Retrograde degeneration-The presynapic neuron may retract-lack of use Andrograde degeneration-the Post synaptic neuron may die Transneural-nearby cells may be
[]
Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] How are emotions and cognition tied to plasticity/reward? [Answer]
Behaviors & thoughts processes that are rewarded undergo neural structural changes
[]
Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] What is hemoragic necrosis? [Answer]
Secondary CNS injury due to Inflamation and immuno Cytokines
[]
Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] What is ischemia? [Answer]
A lack of oxygen to tissue
[]
Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] What is transneuronal degeneration? [Answer]
The secondary injury of nearby neurons to an injury site
[]
Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] What are the steps of transneuronal degeneration? [Answer]
A glial scar forms, followed by demylination of surrounding neurons
[]
Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] What is the function of a glial scar? [Answer]
A mechanical barrier separating damaged tissue and preventing neuronal growth
[]
Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] What chemical inhibitors are released by Glial scars? [Answer]
CSPG, Semaphorin, Ephrin
[]
Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] How quickly does a peripheral neuron regrow? What does this allow? [Answer]
1-4mm/ day, prediction of return to function day
[]
Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] What type of neurons regrow, which is fastest? [Answer]
Peripheral motor and sensory, sensory
[]
Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] What differences exist between the PNS and CNS in neural regeneration? [Answer]
Oligodendricytes release growth inhibitors in the CNS, but encourage growth in the PNS. Glial scars form in the CNS but not the PNS
[]
Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] What problems can occure with PNS regrowth? [Answer]
The axons may cross and go to the wrong tissues, It can growth back into a coiled ball-Neuroma (pain)
[]
Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] What neurotrasmitter is key to the trasmission of pain in the CNS and what two are critical to inhibiting pain? [Answer]
Glutamate is excitatory, Glycine and Seratonin (5ht are inhibitory
[]
Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] What three factors prevent CNS regeneration? [Answer]
Oligodendricytes release inhibitors Astrocytes inhibit as glial scar Small amount growth factors
[]
Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] What method of CNS regeneration has the most evidence? [Answer]
axon collateralization-use of cells to cause specialized change, use of concurrent systems,
[]
Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] What is the difference between learning and memory? [Answer]
Aquiring new information-neural conduction, Storage and recall of information-structural changes
[]
Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] What is pain? [Answer]
Pain is a learned association/perception of nocioceptor information
[]
Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] What are the two types of memory? [Answer]
Declaritive-concious what you can say you know Non-declaritive-skills
[]
Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] Where is declaritive memory located? [Answer]
The medial temporal lobe, diacephalon in the hippocampus
[]
Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] Where is non-declaritive memory located? [Answer]
Basal ganglia, striatum, cerebellum, amygdala
[]
Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] What are the two types of non-declaritive memory? [Answer]
Procedural-striatum Conditioned cerebellum(muscle) Emotional-amygdala
[]
Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] What are the two types of learning? [Answer]
Associative, Non associative
[]
Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] What is non associative learning, what are two examples? [Answer]
Single stimulus changing behavior Habituation Sensitization
[]
Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] What is associative learning? what are two examples? [Answer]
Two or more stimuli combine to change behavior Operant conditioning-Action=reward or punishment Classical conditioning-stimulus plus reward or punishment
[]
Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] What are the three types of pain nocioceptors and what do they pick up on? [Answer]
'A' Delta fibers-temp, deformation (sudden pain) 'C' Fibers-any kind of change (dull ache) 'A' Beta- Tactile/location
[]
Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] What is Allodynia? What is Hyperalgesia? [Answer]
Sensation of localized pain when non present (eg. touch a sunburn), Hypersensitivity to pain
[]
Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] What is the beginning of the spinal cord? Where does it end? [Answer]
The foramen magnum, L1/ L2 Conus medularis
[]
Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] What are the three types of pain? [Answer]
Acute (sharp) Persistant (tissue damage) Chronic (unceasing despite no damage)
[]
Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] How does the opiod system suppress pain? [Answer]
Endorphins and 5HT are released by the interneuron, opening potassium ion channels, inhibiting the pain transmission
[]
Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] What does the anterior median fissure mark in the spinal column? [Answer]
The separation between the left and right white matter
[]
Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] Pain suppression cannot occure without what neurotransmitter? [Answer]
5HT, Seratonin
[]
Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] What does the hammer on the knee test? How many nerves are there? [Answer]
Myostatic reflex, 2-one afferent one efferent.
[]
Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] What neurons sense and bring in incomming information? And what neurons stimulate muscles and organs? [Answer]
Afferent information, Efferent
[]
Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] What is chronic pain? [Answer]
unrelieved persistant pain despite no tissue damage
[]
Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] What neurons convey from afferent to efferent neurons? [Answer]
Interneurons
[]
Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] Interneurons can be what two types? [Answer]
Facilitory or inhibitory
[]
Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] Why is surgery often ineffective at reducing pain? [Answer]
Pain sensation is distributed in the brain Persistant pain causes collateral growth to other areas
[]
Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] A Hemisection of the spinal cord for limb pain causes what? [Answer]
Loss of sensation and motor control in BOTH limbs
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Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] What is spacticity? [Answer]
An increase resistance in stretch reflex An increase in tone
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Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] Afferent fibers from the lower body to the upper body are laid down how in the spinal column? [Answer]
Laterally to more on the way up medially
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Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] What spinal tract is responsible for pain and temperature? [Answer]
The Acending Lateral Spinothalamic tract
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Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] What effect does habituation have on the nerve? [Answer]
repeated exposure decreases response: Excititory stimulus is less, There is less gulutamate release Calcium channels are less active
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Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] What effect does sensitization have on the nerve? [Answer]
Repeated exposure increases response: The cell releases more neurotransmitter A larger/longer action potential occures Calcium channels become more active
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Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] Diseases that cause spacticity usually have what 5 symptoms? [Answer]
Increase tendon reflex Unmasking of developemental reflexes Increase co-contraction Decrease in reciprical inhibition Abnormal contractions
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Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] What is the difference between habituation and Longterm Depression? [Answer]
Depression is structural changes (retraction of inputs), habituation is just temporary
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Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] What is the difference between long term potentiation and sensitization? [Answer]
Long term associative learning is structural changes(growth of new inputs), sensitization is just temporary
[]
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Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] Paring of a normal physiological reaction and sensory information is called what? [Answer]
Classical conditioning
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Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] In classical conditioning, what is the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus? [Answer]
The unconditioned stimulus is the normal physiologic stimulus. Thu conditioned stimulus is the sensory stimulus unrelated to anything
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Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] From a neuronal perspective why does the pairing of stimulus occure/why is possible? [Answer]
Because calcium is already going into the cell, while G-protiens are active, AMPA will go up increasing activity in the cell and cellular changes
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Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] What is memory and learning? [Answer]
Memory-Persistent changes in neuronal structure Learning is synaptic transmission changes
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Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] *****How does synaptic transmission/learning occur? [Answer]
Intercellur messengers (g-protiens) Increase in Calcium*
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Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] What are the three nerve fibers in the cerebellum and what do they do? [Answer]
Climbing fibers-transmit movement information Mossy fibers transmit-the expected movement perkinji fibers-Recieve signals from both and send error signals when they don't match Parellel fibers-Learn and show plastic changes
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Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] When does learning occure in the cerebellum occure and why? [Answer]
Only when climbing and parellel fibers simultaneously fire and AMPA receptors are deactivated
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Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] When does a perkinji fiber send an error signal? [Answer]
When the incomming stimulus is simultaneous
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Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] What is the difference between declaritive and non declearitive memory? [Answer]
Declaritive you can describe/remember, Non-declaritive you cannot
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Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] Describe the lateral spinothalamic tract and what information it carries: [Answer]
Nocioceptor transmits to posterior horn, cross in the spine, inhibited by the reticular formation and periaqueductal grey, transmitted to the Post central gyrus, somatosensory cortex (concious awareness) and the PO region of the thalamus
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Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] What is Hyperalgesia? What is Alhondonia? [Answer]
Hypersensitivity to pain. Inability to experience pleasure
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Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] There are two meathods of long term potentiation/memory, what are they? [Answer]
Temporal summationnincreasing the frequency of stimulation (study all the time) Cooperative stimulation-Increasing the number/amount of stimulation (using many differnent senses associated with the learning eg. rose-neuro)
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Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] Errors in learning/association are called what, and how do they occure? [Answer]
Aphasia, when incorrect information/stimulation is paired together. (Eg. Neuro is paired with a green pen, but you write in red)
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Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] What three peripheral pain signals can be controlled and with what methods? [Answer]
Prostaglandins (IBuporophin), Histones (Antihistamines), Nonsteriodals (substance p)
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Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] How does longterm potentiation/memory occur in the hyppocampus? [Answer]
When the neuron is depolarized AND NMDA receptors are opened. Ligand and Voltage gated Calcium enters and more AMPA receptors produced.
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Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] How can a depolarization cause longterm depression OR longterm potentiation? [Answer]
Both cause an influx of Calcium, but a highfrequency or long depolarization can activate enough enzymes to cause activation of enzymes
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Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] What enzyme is responsible for memory and which is responsible for forgetting and what effect do they have? [Answer]
Kinase-memory, increase AMPA Phosphatase-forgetting, decrease AMPA It is this balance that causes longterm changes
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Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] If a peripheral nerve is severed and has to regrow 1cm, how long will this take? [Answer]
2.5-10 days
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Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] What pathway transmits localized soft epicatic touch, and joint capsule information? [Answer]
The Posterior Column
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Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] Damage to what tract will cause spacticity and motor problems? [Answer]
The motor cortical spinal tract
[]
Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] What acending/decending area of the CNS nerves are particularly vulnerable to injury? [Answer]
Internal capsule
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Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] Efferent decending fibers cross to the otherside of the body where in the medulla? [Answer]
Decussation of the pyramids
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Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] Describe what the posterior column does and what kind of information it transmits: [Answer]
Epicatic and Kinestesis (touch and joint) information crosses at the spine and in the medulla oblongata, to the Post central gyrus
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Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] The cell bodies for the efferent neurons are where? [Answer]
The anterior horn of the spinal column
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Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] The afferent spinal nerve bodies are where? [Answer]
dorsal root ganglion outside the spinal column
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Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] Describe the posterior column and what information it carries [Answer]
Joint capsular (kinesthesis) and touch (epicatic) information, crosses in the spinal cord, to the post central gyrus
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Flashcards about OCCTH553
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json
23d5a221_Flashcards_about_OCCTH553__Answer
[Question] The extrapyramidal pathway is responsibel for what? [Answer]
Individual motor acts
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Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-684074
24/1438042989043.35_20150728002309-00056-ip-10-236-191-2_736908262_3.json