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56d2429fb329da140004ec92 | In Buddhism, samatha meditation can calm the what? | mind | [
"Buddhism\n\nIn Buddhist practice, it is said that while samatha meditation can calm the mind, only vipassanā meditation can reveal how the mind was disturbed to start with, which is what leads to insight knowledge (jñāna; Pāli ñāṇa) and understanding (prajñā Pāli paññā), and thus can lead to nirvāṇa (Pāli nibbāna)... |
56d2429fb329da140004ec93 | Vipassana meditation can reveal how the mind was what? | disturbed | [
"Buddhism\n\nIn Buddhist practice, it is said that while samatha meditation can calm the mind, only vipassanā meditation can reveal how the mind was disturbed to start with, which is what leads to insight knowledge (jñāna; Pāli ñāṇa) and understanding (prajñā Pāli paññā), and thus can lead to nirvāṇa (Pāli nibbāna)... |
56d2429fb329da140004ec94 | What is the term for insight knowledge? | jñāna | [
"Buddhism\n\nIn Buddhist practice, it is said that while samatha meditation can calm the mind, only vipassanā meditation can reveal how the mind was disturbed to start with, which is what leads to insight knowledge (jñāna; Pāli ñāṇa) and understanding (prajñā Pāli paññā), and thus can lead to nirvāṇa (Pāli nibbāna)... |
56d2429fb329da140004ec95 | What is the term for understanding? | prajñā | [
"Buddhism\n\nIn Buddhist practice, it is said that while samatha meditation can calm the mind, only vipassanā meditation can reveal how the mind was disturbed to start with, which is what leads to insight knowledge (jñāna; Pāli ñāṇa) and understanding (prajñā Pāli paññā), and thus can lead to nirvāṇa (Pāli nibbāna)... |
56d2429fb329da140004ec96 | What eradicates the defilements completely? | understanding | [
"Buddhism\n\nIn Buddhist practice, it is said that while samatha meditation can calm the mind, only vipassanā meditation can reveal how the mind was disturbed to start with, which is what leads to insight knowledge (jñāna; Pāli ñāṇa) and understanding (prajñā Pāli paññā), and thus can lead to nirvāṇa (Pāli nibbāna)... |
56d244ddb329da140004ecb0 | In Theravada Buddhism, what is the cause of human existence and suffering? | craving | [
"Buddhism\n\nIn Theravāda Buddhism, the cause of human existence and suffering is identified as craving, which carries with it the various defilements. These various defilements are traditionally summed up as greed, hatred and delusion. These are believed deeply rooted afflictions of the mind that create suffering ... |
56d244ddb329da140004ecb1 | What does craving carry with it? | defilements | [
"Buddhism\n\nIn Theravāda Buddhism, the cause of human existence and suffering is identified as craving, which carries with it the various defilements. These various defilements are traditionally summed up as greed, hatred and delusion. These are believed deeply rooted afflictions of the mind that create suffering ... |
56d244ddb329da140004ecb3 | Deeply rooted afflictions of the mind create what? | suffering and stress | [
"Buddhism\n\nIn Theravāda Buddhism, the cause of human existence and suffering is identified as craving, which carries with it the various defilements. These various defilements are traditionally summed up as greed, hatred and delusion. These are believed deeply rooted afflictions of the mind that create suffering ... |
56d244ddb329da140004ecb4 | What is the ultimate goal for Theravadins? | Nibbāna | [
"Buddhism\n\nIn Theravāda Buddhism, the cause of human existence and suffering is identified as craving, which carries with it the various defilements. These various defilements are traditionally summed up as greed, hatred and delusion. These are believed deeply rooted afflictions of the mind that create suffering ... |
56d24619b329da140004ecbf | How many Noble Truths are there? | Four | [
"Buddhism\n\nPrajñā (Sanskrit) or paññā (Pāli) means wisdom that is based on a realization of dependent origination, The Four Noble Truths and the three marks of existence. Prajñā is the wisdom that is able to extinguish afflictions and bring about bodhi. It is spoken of as the principal means of attaining nirvāṇa,... |
56d24619b329da140004ecc0 | Prajna is the wisom that is able to extinguish afflictions and bring about what? | bodhi | [
"Buddhism\n\nPrajñā (Sanskrit) or paññā (Pāli) means wisdom that is based on a realization of dependent origination, The Four Noble Truths and the three marks of existence. Prajñā is the wisdom that is able to extinguish afflictions and bring about bodhi. It is spoken of as the principal means of attaining nirvāṇa,... |
56d24619b329da140004ecc1 | What is listed as the sixth of the six paramitas of the mahayana? | Prajñā | [
"Buddhism\n\nPrajñā (Sanskrit) or paññā (Pāli) means wisdom that is based on a realization of dependent origination, The Four Noble Truths and the three marks of existence. Prajñā is the wisdom that is able to extinguish afflictions and bring about bodhi. It is spoken of as the principal means of attaining nirvāṇa,... |
56d246e7b329da140004ecce | Initially prajna is attained at a conceptual level by means of listening to what? | sermons | [
"Buddhism\n\nInitially, prajñā is attained at a conceptual level by means of listening to sermons (dharma talks), reading, studying, and sometimes reciting Buddhist texts and engaging in discourse. Once the conceptual understanding is attained, it is applied to daily life so that each Buddhist can verify the truth ... |
56d246e7b329da140004eccf | In theory when can one attain Nirvana during practice? | at any point | [
"Buddhism\n\nInitially, prajñā is attained at a conceptual level by means of listening to sermons (dharma talks), reading, studying, and sometimes reciting Buddhist texts and engaging in discourse. Once the conceptual understanding is attained, it is applied to daily life so that each Buddhist can verify the truth ... |
56d246e7b329da140004ecd0 | What can be applied to daily life once it is attained? | conceptual understanding | [
"Buddhism\n\nInitially, prajñā is attained at a conceptual level by means of listening to sermons (dharma talks), reading, studying, and sometimes reciting Buddhist texts and engaging in discourse. Once the conceptual understanding is attained, it is applied to daily life so that each Buddhist can verify the truth ... |
56d24773b329da140004ecd4 | Zen Buddhism is known as what in Korea? | seon | [
"Buddhism\n\nZen Buddhism (禅), pronounced Chán in Chinese, seon in Korean or zen in Japanese (derived from the Sanskrit term dhyāna, meaning \"meditation\") is a form of Buddhism that became popular in China, Korea and Japan and that lays special emphasis on meditation.[note 12] Zen places less emphasis on scriptur... |
56d24773b329da140004ecd5 | What form of buddhism lays special emphasis on meditation? | Zen | [
"Buddhism\n\nZen Buddhism (禅), pronounced Chán in Chinese, seon in Korean or zen in Japanese (derived from the Sanskrit term dhyāna, meaning \"meditation\") is a form of Buddhism that became popular in China, Korea and Japan and that lays special emphasis on meditation.[note 12] Zen places less emphasis on scriptur... |
56d24773b329da140004ecd6 | What form of Buddhism places less emphasis on scriptures? | Zen | [
"Buddhism\n\nZen Buddhism (禅), pronounced Chán in Chinese, seon in Korean or zen in Japanese (derived from the Sanskrit term dhyāna, meaning \"meditation\") is a form of Buddhism that became popular in China, Korea and Japan and that lays special emphasis on meditation.[note 12] Zen places less emphasis on scriptur... |
56d24773b329da140004ecd7 | Zen focuses on what type of breakthroughs? | spiritual | [
"Buddhism\n\nZen Buddhism (禅), pronounced Chán in Chinese, seon in Korean or zen in Japanese (derived from the Sanskrit term dhyāna, meaning \"meditation\") is a form of Buddhism that became popular in China, Korea and Japan and that lays special emphasis on meditation.[note 12] Zen places less emphasis on scriptur... |
56d2485bb329da140004ece0 | Zen Buddhism is divided into how many main schools? | two | [
"Buddhism\n\nZen Buddhism is divided into two main schools: Rinzai (臨済宗) and Sōtō (曹洞宗), the former greatly favouring the use in meditation on the koan (公案, a meditative riddle or puzzle) as a device for spiritual break-through, and the latter (while certainly employing koans) focusing more on shikantaza or \"just ... |
56d2485bb329da140004ece2 | Which schools of Zen likes the use of meditation on the koan for spiritual breakthroughs? | Rinzai | [
"Buddhism\n\nZen Buddhism is divided into two main schools: Rinzai (臨済宗) and Sōtō (曹洞宗), the former greatly favouring the use in meditation on the koan (公案, a meditative riddle or puzzle) as a device for spiritual break-through, and the latter (while certainly employing koans) focusing more on shikantaza or \"just ... |
56d249a4b329da140004ecf1 | What Buddhist teachings are often full of paradox? | Zen | [
"Buddhism\n\nZen Buddhist teaching is often full of paradox, in order to loosen the grip of the ego and to facilitate the penetration into the realm of the True Self or Formless Self, which is equated with the Buddha himself.[note 14] According to Zen master Kosho Uchiyama, when thoughts and fixation on the little ... |
56d249a4b329da140004ecf3 | What type of self is equated with the Buddha? | True Self | [
"Buddhism\n\nZen Buddhist teaching is often full of paradox, in order to loosen the grip of the ego and to facilitate the penetration into the realm of the True Self or Formless Self, which is equated with the Buddha himself.[note 14] According to Zen master Kosho Uchiyama, when thoughts and fixation on the little ... |
56d249a4b329da140004ecf4 | What is not allowed to confine and bind oneself? | Thinking and thought | [
"Buddhism\n\nZen Buddhist teaching is often full of paradox, in order to loosen the grip of the ego and to facilitate the penetration into the realm of the True Self or Formless Self, which is equated with the Buddha himself.[note 14] According to Zen master Kosho Uchiyama, when thoughts and fixation on the little ... |
56d24a6fb329da140004ecfd | What type of Buddhism is Tibeto-Mongolian based on? | Mahayana | [
"Buddhism\n\nThough based upon Mahayana, Tibeto-Mongolian Buddhism is one of the schools that practice Vajrayana or \"Diamond Vehicle\" (also referred to as Mantrayāna, Tantrayāna, Tantric Buddhism, or esoteric Buddhism). It accepts all the basic concepts of Mahāyāna, but also includes a vast array of spiritual and... |
56d24a6fb329da140004ecfe | What is the English term for Vajrayana? | Diamond Vehicle | [
"Buddhism\n\nThough based upon Mahayana, Tibeto-Mongolian Buddhism is one of the schools that practice Vajrayana or \"Diamond Vehicle\" (also referred to as Mantrayāna, Tantrayāna, Tantric Buddhism, or esoteric Buddhism). It accepts all the basic concepts of Mahāyāna, but also includes a vast array of spiritual and... |
56d24a6fb329da140004ecff | What type of Buddhism is concerned with ritual and meditative practices? | Tantric | [
"Buddhism\n\nThough based upon Mahayana, Tibeto-Mongolian Buddhism is one of the schools that practice Vajrayana or \"Diamond Vehicle\" (also referred to as Mantrayāna, Tantrayāna, Tantric Buddhism, or esoteric Buddhism). It accepts all the basic concepts of Mahāyāna, but also includes a vast array of spiritual and... |
56d24a6fb329da140004ed00 | Psycho-physical energy is harnessed through what? | ritual | [
"Buddhism\n\nThough based upon Mahayana, Tibeto-Mongolian Buddhism is one of the schools that practice Vajrayana or \"Diamond Vehicle\" (also referred to as Mantrayāna, Tantrayāna, Tantric Buddhism, or esoteric Buddhism). It accepts all the basic concepts of Mahāyāna, but also includes a vast array of spiritual and... |
56d24b65b329da140004ed11 | What time period was the beginning of Buddhism? | second half of the first millennium BCE | [
"Buddhism\n\nHistorically, the roots of Buddhism lie in the religious thought of ancient India during the second half of the first millennium BCE. That was a period of social and religious turmoil, as there was significant discontent with the sacrifices and rituals of Vedic Brahmanism.[note 15] It was challenged by... |
56d24b65b329da140004ed12 | Scholars believe that karma originated in what? | the shramanas | [
"Buddhism\n\nHistorically, the roots of Buddhism lie in the religious thought of ancient India during the second half of the first millennium BCE. That was a period of social and religious turmoil, as there was significant discontent with the sacrifices and rituals of Vedic Brahmanism.[note 15] It was challenged by... |
56d24b65b329da140004ed13 | What groups broke with Brahmanic tradition? | shramanas | [
"Buddhism\n\nHistorically, the roots of Buddhism lie in the religious thought of ancient India during the second half of the first millennium BCE. That was a period of social and religious turmoil, as there was significant discontent with the sacrifices and rituals of Vedic Brahmanism.[note 15] It was challenged by... |
56d24b65b329da140004ed14 | Shramanas were a continuation of what type of trand of Indian thought? | non-Vedic | [
"Buddhism\n\nHistorically, the roots of Buddhism lie in the religious thought of ancient India during the second half of the first millennium BCE. That was a period of social and religious turmoil, as there was significant discontent with the sacrifices and rituals of Vedic Brahmanism.[note 15] It was challenged by... |
56d24c8bb329da140004ed19 | Buddhism arose in what area? | Greater Magadha | [
"Buddhism\n\nThis view is supported by a study of the region where these notions originated. Buddhism arose in Greater Magadha, which stretched from Sravasti, the capital of Kosala in the north-west, to Rajagrha in the south east. This land, to the east of aryavarta, the land of the Aryas, was recognized as non-Ved... |
56d24c8bb329da140004ed1a | Greater magadha stretched from Sravasti in the north-west to what area in the south-east? | Rajagrha | [
"Buddhism\n\nThis view is supported by a study of the region where these notions originated. Buddhism arose in Greater Magadha, which stretched from Sravasti, the capital of Kosala in the north-west, to Rajagrha in the south east. This land, to the east of aryavarta, the land of the Aryas, was recognized as non-Ved... |
56d24c8bb329da140004ed1b | What time period did the eastward spread of Brahmanism start? | 2nd or 3rd centuries | [
"Buddhism\n\nThis view is supported by a study of the region where these notions originated. Buddhism arose in Greater Magadha, which stretched from Sravasti, the capital of Kosala in the north-west, to Rajagrha in the south east. This land, to the east of aryavarta, the land of the Aryas, was recognized as non-Ved... |
56d24e17b329da140004ed33 | Movements were influenced by philosophical thought within the Vedic tradition such as what? | in the Upanishads | [
"Buddhism\n\nAt the same time, these movements were influenced by, and in some respects continued, philosophical thought within the Vedic tradition as reflected e.g. in the Upanishads. These movements included, besides Buddhism, various skeptics (such as Sanjaya Belatthiputta), atomists (such as Pakudha Kaccayana),... |
56d24e17b329da140004ed34 | The movement included atomists such as what? | Pakudha Kaccayana | [
"Buddhism\n\nAt the same time, these movements were influenced by, and in some respects continued, philosophical thought within the Vedic tradition as reflected e.g. in the Upanishads. These movements included, besides Buddhism, various skeptics (such as Sanjaya Belatthiputta), atomists (such as Pakudha Kaccayana),... |
56d24e17b329da140004ed36 | What is the term for agnostics? | Ajnanas | [
"Buddhism\n\nAt the same time, these movements were influenced by, and in some respects continued, philosophical thought within the Vedic tradition as reflected e.g. in the Upanishads. These movements included, besides Buddhism, various skeptics (such as Sanjaya Belatthiputta), atomists (such as Pakudha Kaccayana),... |
56d24e17b329da140004ed37 | What movement focused on the idea that the sould must be freed from matter? | Jains | [
"Buddhism\n\nAt the same time, these movements were influenced by, and in some respects continued, philosophical thought within the Vedic tradition as reflected e.g. in the Upanishads. These movements included, besides Buddhism, various skeptics (such as Sanjaya Belatthiputta), atomists (such as Pakudha Kaccayana),... |
56d24f27b329da140004ed47 | A criticism the Buddha gave dealing with animals was? | Vedic animal sacrifice | [
"Buddhism\n\nA particular criticism of the Buddha was Vedic animal sacrifice.[web 18] He also mocked the Vedic \"hymn of the cosmic man\". However, the Buddha was not anti-Vedic, and declared that the Veda in its true form was declared by \"Kashyapa\" to certain rishis, who by severe penances had acquired the power... |
56d24f27b329da140004ed48 | The Buddha mocked what hymn of the Vedic? | hymn of the cosmic man | [
"Buddhism\n\nA particular criticism of the Buddha was Vedic animal sacrifice.[web 18] He also mocked the Vedic \"hymn of the cosmic man\". However, the Buddha was not anti-Vedic, and declared that the Veda in its true form was declared by \"Kashyapa\" to certain rishis, who by severe penances had acquired the power... |
56d24f27b329da140004ed49 | The original Veda of the rishis was altered by a few Brahmins who introduced what? | animal sacrifices | [
"Buddhism\n\nA particular criticism of the Buddha was Vedic animal sacrifice.[web 18] He also mocked the Vedic \"hymn of the cosmic man\". However, the Buddha was not anti-Vedic, and declared that the Veda in its true form was declared by \"Kashyapa\" to certain rishis, who by severe penances had acquired the power... |
56d24f27b329da140004ed4a | The Buddha refused to pay respect to who, during their time of animal sacrifice? | Vedas | [
"Buddhism\n\nA particular criticism of the Buddha was Vedic animal sacrifice.[web 18] He also mocked the Vedic \"hymn of the cosmic man\". However, the Buddha was not anti-Vedic, and declared that the Veda in its true form was declared by \"Kashyapa\" to certain rishis, who by severe penances had acquired the power... |
56d25056b329da140004ed51 | What is in dispute regarding the research into the core of the teachings? | The reliability | [
"Buddhism\n\nInformation of the oldest teachings may be obtained by analysis of the oldest texts. One method to obtain information on the oldest core of Buddhism is to compare the oldest extant versions of the Theravadin Pali Canon and other texts.[note 27] The reliability of these sources, and the possibility to d... |
56d25b1c59d6e41400145eea | A large problem in the study of early Buddhism is the relationship of dhyana and what else? | insight | [
"Buddhism\n\nA core problem in the study of early Buddhism is the relation between dhyana and insight. Schmithausen, in his often-cited article On some Aspects of Descriptions or Theories of 'Liberating Insight' and 'Enlightenment' in Early Buddhism notes that the mention of the four noble truths as constituting \"... |
56d25b1c59d6e41400145eeb | Liberating insight is attained after mastering what? | Rupa Jhanas | [
"Buddhism\n\nA core problem in the study of early Buddhism is the relation between dhyana and insight. Schmithausen, in his often-cited article On some Aspects of Descriptions or Theories of 'Liberating Insight' and 'Enlightenment' in Early Buddhism notes that the mention of the four noble truths as constituting \"... |
56d25b1c59d6e41400145eec | Later edition of texts such as what has the Rupa Jhanas? | Majjhima Nikaya | [
"Buddhism\n\nA core problem in the study of early Buddhism is the relation between dhyana and insight. Schmithausen, in his often-cited article On some Aspects of Descriptions or Theories of 'Liberating Insight' and 'Enlightenment' in Early Buddhism notes that the mention of the four noble truths as constituting \"... |
56d25ee359d6e41400145f0c | According the Bronkhorst, intentions and desire are responsible for what? | rebirth | [
"Buddhism\n\nBruce Matthews notes that there is no cohesive presentation of karma in the Sutta Pitaka, which may mean that the doctrine was incidental to the main perspective of early Buddhist soteriology. Schmithausen is a notable scholar who has questioned whether karma already played a role in the theory of rebi... |
56d25ee359d6e41400145f0d | Bronkhurst says that Buddha had a view of 'what' much different then current day? | karma | [
"Buddhism\n\nBruce Matthews notes that there is no cohesive presentation of karma in the Sutta Pitaka, which may mean that the doctrine was incidental to the main perspective of early Buddhist soteriology. Schmithausen is a notable scholar who has questioned whether karma already played a role in the theory of rebi... |
56d25f6e59d6e41400145f14 | What was the earliest Buddhism type? | dhyana | [
"Buddhism\n\nAccording to Tilmann Vetter, the core of earliest Buddhism is the practice of dhyāna. Bronkhorst agrees that dhyana was a Buddhist invention, whereas Norman notes that \"the Buddha's way to release [...] was by means of meditative practices.\" Discriminating insight into transiency as a separate path t... |
56d25f6e59d6e41400145f15 | Buddha's way to release was by means of what type of practices? | meditative | [
"Buddhism\n\nAccording to Tilmann Vetter, the core of earliest Buddhism is the practice of dhyāna. Bronkhorst agrees that dhyana was a Buddhist invention, whereas Norman notes that \"the Buddha's way to release [...] was by means of meditative practices.\" Discriminating insight into transiency as a separate path t... |
56d2600c59d6e41400145f18 | From which jhana did Buddha gain bodhi? | fourth | [
"Buddhism\n\nAccording to the Mahāsaccakasutta,[note 33] from the fourth jhana the Buddha gained bodhi. Yet, it is not clear what he was awakened to.[page needed] \"Liberating insight\" is a later addition to this text, and reflects a later development and understanding in early Buddhism.[page needed][page needed] ... |
56d2600c59d6e41400145f19 | A logic problem arises when noting that the four truths constitute what? | liberating insight | [
"Buddhism\n\nAccording to the Mahāsaccakasutta,[note 33] from the fourth jhana the Buddha gained bodhi. Yet, it is not clear what he was awakened to.[page needed] \"Liberating insight\" is a later addition to this text, and reflects a later development and understanding in early Buddhism.[page needed][page needed] ... |
56d2600c59d6e41400145f1a | The four truths depict what type of path of practice? | linear | [
"Buddhism\n\nAccording to the Mahāsaccakasutta,[note 33] from the fourth jhana the Buddha gained bodhi. Yet, it is not clear what he was awakened to.[page needed] \"Liberating insight\" is a later addition to this text, and reflects a later development and understanding in early Buddhism.[page needed][page needed] ... |
56d2606959d6e41400145f1e | What is the Sanskrit form of Nibbana? | Nirvāna | [
"Buddhism\n\nAlthough \"Nibbāna\" (Sanskrit: Nirvāna) is the common term for the desired goal of this practice, many other terms can be found throughout the Nikayas, which are not specified.[note 35]"
] |
56d2606959d6e41400145f1f | Many terms for Nibbana can be found throughout the what? | Nikayas | [
"Buddhism\n\nAlthough \"Nibbāna\" (Sanskrit: Nirvāna) is the common term for the desired goal of this practice, many other terms can be found throughout the Nikayas, which are not specified.[note 35]"
] |
56d2606959d6e41400145f20 | The desired goal for buddhism is what? | Nirvāna | [
"Buddhism\n\nAlthough \"Nibbāna\" (Sanskrit: Nirvāna) is the common term for the desired goal of this practice, many other terms can be found throughout the Nikayas, which are not specified.[note 35]"
] |
56d260ee59d6e41400145f2c | A description of the Buddhist path may have been as simplistic as what term? | the middle way | [
"Buddhism\n\nAccording to Vetter, the description of the Buddhist path may initially have been as simple as the term \"the middle way\". In time, this short description was elaborated, resulting in the description of the eightfold path."
] |
56d260ee59d6e41400145f2d | The description of buddhism was broadened resulting in what path? | eightfold | [
"Buddhism\n\nAccording to Vetter, the description of the Buddhist path may initially have been as simple as the term \"the middle way\". In time, this short description was elaborated, resulting in the description of the eightfold path."
] |
56d2641d59d6e41400145f52 | Authors Bronkhorst and Anderson claim the four truths bacame a substitution for what? | prajna | [
"Buddhism\n\nAccording to both Bronkhorst and Anderson, the four truths became a substitution for prajna, or \"liberating insight\", in the suttas in those texts where \"liberating insight\" was preceded by the four jhanas. According to Bronkhorst, the four truths may not have been formulated in earliest Buddhism, ... |
56d2641d59d6e41400145f53 | What is prajna called in english? | liberating insight | [
"Buddhism\n\nAccording to both Bronkhorst and Anderson, the four truths became a substitution for prajna, or \"liberating insight\", in the suttas in those texts where \"liberating insight\" was preceded by the four jhanas. According to Bronkhorst, the four truths may not have been formulated in earliest Buddhism, ... |
56d2641d59d6e41400145f54 | Gotamas teachings may have been personal and adjusted to the need of each what? | person | [
"Buddhism\n\nAccording to both Bronkhorst and Anderson, the four truths became a substitution for prajna, or \"liberating insight\", in the suttas in those texts where \"liberating insight\" was preceded by the four jhanas. According to Bronkhorst, the four truths may not have been formulated in earliest Buddhism, ... |
56d2647159d6e41400145f58 | How many marks of existence reflect Upanishadic influences? | three | [
"Buddhism\n\nThe three marks of existence may reflect Upanishadic or other influences. K.R. Norman supposes that the these terms were already in use at the Buddha's time, and were familiair to his hearers."
] |
56d2652a59d6e41400145f5a | The periods of Buddhisma in India is divided into how many periods? | five | [
"Buddhism\n\nThe history of Indian Buddhism may be divided into five periods: Early Buddhism (occasionally called Pre-sectarian Buddhism), Nikaya Buddhism or Sectarian Buddhism: The period of the Early Buddhist schools, Early Mahayana Buddhism, Later Mahayana Buddhism, and Esoteric Buddhism (also called Vajrayana B... |
56d2652a59d6e41400145f5b | What is the first period of Buddhism called? | Early Buddhism | [
"Buddhism\n\nThe history of Indian Buddhism may be divided into five periods: Early Buddhism (occasionally called Pre-sectarian Buddhism), Nikaya Buddhism or Sectarian Buddhism: The period of the Early Buddhist schools, Early Mahayana Buddhism, Later Mahayana Buddhism, and Esoteric Buddhism (also called Vajrayana B... |
56d2652a59d6e41400145f5c | What is another name for Nikaya buddhism? | Sectarian | [
"Buddhism\n\nThe history of Indian Buddhism may be divided into five periods: Early Buddhism (occasionally called Pre-sectarian Buddhism), Nikaya Buddhism or Sectarian Buddhism: The period of the Early Buddhist schools, Early Mahayana Buddhism, Later Mahayana Buddhism, and Esoteric Buddhism (also called Vajrayana B... |
56d2652a59d6e41400145f5d | What is the last period of Buddhism? | Esoteric Buddhism | [
"Buddhism\n\nThe history of Indian Buddhism may be divided into five periods: Early Buddhism (occasionally called Pre-sectarian Buddhism), Nikaya Buddhism or Sectarian Buddhism: The period of the Early Buddhist schools, Early Mahayana Buddhism, Later Mahayana Buddhism, and Esoteric Buddhism (also called Vajrayana B... |
56d2652a59d6e41400145f5e | What is Esoteric Buddhism also called? | Vajrayana | [
"Buddhism\n\nThe history of Indian Buddhism may be divided into five periods: Early Buddhism (occasionally called Pre-sectarian Buddhism), Nikaya Buddhism or Sectarian Buddhism: The period of the Early Buddhist schools, Early Mahayana Buddhism, Later Mahayana Buddhism, and Esoteric Buddhism (also called Vajrayana B... |
56d265eb59d6e41400145f6a | Was is the earliest phase of buddhism? | Pre-sectarian | [
"Buddhism\n\nPre-sectarian Buddhism is the earliest phase of Buddhism, recognized by nearly all scholars. Its main scriptures are the Vinaya Pitaka and the four principal Nikayas or Agamas. Certain basic teachings appear in many places throughout the early texts, so most scholars conclude that Gautama Buddha must h... |
56d265eb59d6e41400145f6c | Gautama Buddha most likely taught the idea of Karma and what? | rebirth | [
"Buddhism\n\nPre-sectarian Buddhism is the earliest phase of Buddhism, recognized by nearly all scholars. Its main scriptures are the Vinaya Pitaka and the four principal Nikayas or Agamas. Certain basic teachings appear in many places throughout the early texts, so most scholars conclude that Gautama Buddha must h... |
56d265eb59d6e41400145f6d | Gautama buddha taught what Path concept? | Noble Eightfold | [
"Buddhism\n\nPre-sectarian Buddhism is the earliest phase of Buddhism, recognized by nearly all scholars. Its main scriptures are the Vinaya Pitaka and the four principal Nikayas or Agamas. Certain basic teachings appear in many places throughout the early texts, so most scholars conclude that Gautama Buddha must h... |
56d2675b59d6e41400145f72 | Soon after the parinirvana of Gautama Buddha, what type of council was held? | Buddhist | [
"Buddhism\n\nAccording to the scriptures, soon after the parinirvāṇa (from Sanskrit: \"highest extinguishment\") of Gautama Buddha, the first Buddhist council was held. As with any ancient Indian tradition, transmission of teaching was done orally. The primary purpose of the assembly was to collectively recite the ... |
56d2675b59d6e41400145f73 | Who was cousin of the Buddha? | Ānanda | [
"Buddhism\n\nAccording to the scriptures, soon after the parinirvāṇa (from Sanskrit: \"highest extinguishment\") of Gautama Buddha, the first Buddhist council was held. As with any ancient Indian tradition, transmission of teaching was done orally. The primary purpose of the assembly was to collectively recite the ... |
56d2675b59d6e41400145f74 | What are the discourses of the Buddha called? | sūtras | [
"Buddhism\n\nAccording to the scriptures, soon after the parinirvāṇa (from Sanskrit: \"highest extinguishment\") of Gautama Buddha, the first Buddhist council was held. As with any ancient Indian tradition, transmission of teaching was done orally. The primary purpose of the assembly was to collectively recite the ... |
56d2675b59d6e41400145f75 | Some sources say that discourse of who else were recited along with Buddha's? | abhidhamma | [
"Buddhism\n\nAccording to the scriptures, soon after the parinirvāṇa (from Sanskrit: \"highest extinguishment\") of Gautama Buddha, the first Buddhist council was held. As with any ancient Indian tradition, transmission of teaching was done orally. The primary purpose of the assembly was to collectively recite the ... |
56d267f859d6e41400145f7c | The Sangha began to break into separte factions after what council? | the Second | [
"Buddhism\n\nAccording to most scholars, at some period after the Second Council the Sangha began to break into separate factions.[note 37] The various accounts differ as to when the actual schisms occurred. According to the Dipavamsa of the Pāli tradition, they started immediately after the Second Council, the Pug... |
56d267f859d6e41400145f7d | According to the Dipavamsa they started immediately after what council? | the Second Council | [
"Buddhism\n\nAccording to most scholars, at some period after the Second Council the Sangha began to break into separate factions.[note 37] The various accounts differ as to when the actual schisms occurred. According to the Dipavamsa of the Pāli tradition, they started immediately after the Second Council, the Pug... |
56d267f859d6e41400145f7e | The Mahasanghika places the breakup at what time? | 100 BCE | [
"Buddhism\n\nAccording to most scholars, at some period after the Second Council the Sangha began to break into separate factions.[note 37] The various accounts differ as to when the actual schisms occurred. According to the Dipavamsa of the Pāli tradition, they started immediately after the Second Council, the Pug... |
56d2693359d6e41400145f8e | The major schism was between the Sthaviras and what other group? | Mahasanghikas | [
"Buddhism\n\nThe root schism was between the Sthaviras and the Mahāsāṅghikas. The fortunate survival of accounts from both sides of the dispute reveals disparate traditions. The Sthavira group offers two quite distinct reasons for the schism. The Dipavamsa of the Theravāda says that the losing party in the Second C... |
56d2693359d6e41400145f8f | The Dipavamsa says that the losing party broke away in protest and formed what? | Mahasanghika | [
"Buddhism\n\nThe root schism was between the Sthaviras and the Mahāsāṅghikas. The fortunate survival of accounts from both sides of the dispute reveals disparate traditions. The Sthavira group offers two quite distinct reasons for the schism. The Dipavamsa of the Theravāda says that the losing party in the Second C... |
56d2693359d6e41400145f90 | The Mahasanghikas argued that the Sthaviras were trying to expand what? | the vinaya | [
"Buddhism\n\nThe root schism was between the Sthaviras and the Mahāsāṅghikas. The fortunate survival of accounts from both sides of the dispute reveals disparate traditions. The Sthavira group offers two quite distinct reasons for the schism. The Dipavamsa of the Theravāda says that the losing party in the Second C... |
56d269b759d6e41400145f96 | Who gave rise to the Theravada school? | Sthaviras | [
"Buddhism\n\nThe Sthaviras gave rise to several schools, one of which was the Theravāda school. Originally, these schisms were caused by disputes over vinaya, and monks following different schools of thought seem to have lived happily together in the same monasteries, but eventually, by about 100 CE if not earlier,... |
56d269b759d6e41400145f97 | Monks following different schools of thought seem to have lived happily together in the same what? | monasteries | [
"Buddhism\n\nThe Sthaviras gave rise to several schools, one of which was the Theravāda school. Originally, these schisms were caused by disputes over vinaya, and monks following different schools of thought seem to have lived happily together in the same monasteries, but eventually, by about 100 CE if not earlier,... |
56d269b759d6e41400145f98 | By the latest at around 100 CE, schisms were being caused by what type of desagreements? | doctrinal | [
"Buddhism\n\nThe Sthaviras gave rise to several schools, one of which was the Theravāda school. Originally, these schisms were caused by disputes over vinaya, and monks following different schools of thought seem to have lived happily together in the same monasteries, but eventually, by about 100 CE if not earlier,... |
56d26abd59d6e41400145fa2 | What is a detailed scholastic reworking of doctrinal material called? | Abhidharma | [
"Buddhism\n\nFollowing (or leading up to) the schisms, each Saṅgha started to accumulate an Abhidharma, a detailed scholastic reworking of doctrinal material appearing in the Suttas, according to schematic classifications. These Abhidharma texts do not contain systematic philosophical treatises, but summaries or nu... |
56d26abd59d6e41400145fa3 | The abhidharma texts do not contain treatises, but what? | summaries or numerical lists | [
"Buddhism\n\nFollowing (or leading up to) the schisms, each Saṅgha started to accumulate an Abhidharma, a detailed scholastic reworking of doctrinal material appearing in the Suttas, according to schematic classifications. These Abhidharma texts do not contain systematic philosophical treatises, but summaries or nu... |
56d26abd59d6e41400145fa4 | The Abhidharma texts are from what time? | 3rd century BCE | [
"Buddhism\n\nFollowing (or leading up to) the schisms, each Saṅgha started to accumulate an Abhidharma, a detailed scholastic reworking of doctrinal material appearing in the Suttas, according to schematic classifications. These Abhidharma texts do not contain systematic philosophical treatises, but summaries or nu... |
56d26abd59d6e41400145fa5 | There is a disagreement on whether a school had an Abhidhamma or not, which school is it? | Mahasanghika | [
"Buddhism\n\nFollowing (or leading up to) the schisms, each Saṅgha started to accumulate an Abhidharma, a detailed scholastic reworking of doctrinal material appearing in the Suttas, according to schematic classifications. These Abhidharma texts do not contain systematic philosophical treatises, but summaries or nu... |
56d26b3159d6e41400145faa | Which sutras are among the earliest Mahayana sutras? | Prajñāpāramitā | [
"Buddhism\n\nSeveral scholars have suggested that the Prajñāpāramitā sūtras, which are among the earliest Mahāyāna sūtras, developed among the Mahāsāṃghika along the Kṛṣṇa River in the Āndhra region of South India."
] |
56d26b3159d6e41400145fab | The Prajnaparamita sutras were developed along the krsna river in what region of South India? | Āndhra | [
"Buddhism\n\nSeveral scholars have suggested that the Prajñāpāramitā sūtras, which are among the earliest Mahāyāna sūtras, developed among the Mahāsāṃghika along the Kṛṣṇa River in the Āndhra region of South India."
] |
56d26bde59d6e41400145fb4 | The earliest Mahayana sutra include the very first version of what genre? | Prajñāpāramitā | [
"Buddhism\n\nThe earliest Mahāyāna sūtras to include the very first versions of the Prajñāpāramitā genre, along with texts concerning Akṣobhya Buddha, which were probably written down in the 1st century BCE in the south of India. Guang Xing states, \"Several scholars have suggested that the Prajñāpāramitā probably ... |
56d26bde59d6e41400145fb5 | Texts concerning Aksobhya Buddha were written down in what century? | 1st century BCE | [
"Buddhism\n\nThe earliest Mahāyāna sūtras to include the very first versions of the Prajñāpāramitā genre, along with texts concerning Akṣobhya Buddha, which were probably written down in the 1st century BCE in the south of India. Guang Xing states, \"Several scholars have suggested that the Prajñāpāramitā probably ... |
56d26bde59d6e41400145fb6 | Author Warder believes that the Mahayana originated in the south of India in what area? | Āndhra | [
"Buddhism\n\nThe earliest Mahāyāna sūtras to include the very first versions of the Prajñāpāramitā genre, along with texts concerning Akṣobhya Buddha, which were probably written down in the 1st century BCE in the south of India. Guang Xing states, \"Several scholars have suggested that the Prajñāpāramitā probably ... |
56d26d7d59d6e41400145fc7 | The ancient buddhist site in the lower Krsna Valley can be traced to at least what century BCE? | third | [
"Buddhism\n\nAnthony Barber and Sree Padma note that \"historians of Buddhist thought have been aware for quite some time that such pivotally important Mahayana Buddhist thinkers as Nāgārjuna, Dignaga, Candrakīrti, Āryadeva, and Bhavaviveka, among many others, formulated their theories while living in Buddhist comm... |
56d26d7d59d6e41400145fc8 | Evidence suggests that many Early mahayana scriptures originated in what part of India? | South | [
"Buddhism\n\nAnthony Barber and Sree Padma note that \"historians of Buddhist thought have been aware for quite some time that such pivotally important Mahayana Buddhist thinkers as Nāgārjuna, Dignaga, Candrakīrti, Āryadeva, and Bhavaviveka, among many others, formulated their theories while living in Buddhist comm... |
56d26e4b59d6e41400145fcc | There is no evidence that Mahayana ever referred to a separate school of what? | Buddhism | [
"Buddhism\n\nThere is no evidence that Mahāyāna ever referred to a separate formal school or sect of Buddhism, but rather that it existed as a certain set of ideals, and later doctrines, for bodhisattvas. Initially it was known as Bodhisattvayāna (the \"Vehicle of the Bodhisattvas\"). Paul Williams has also noted t... |
56d26e4b59d6e41400145fcd | The mahayana never tried to have separte what? | Vinaya | [
"Buddhism\n\nThere is no evidence that Mahāyāna ever referred to a separate formal school or sect of Buddhism, but rather that it existed as a certain set of ideals, and later doctrines, for bodhisattvas. Initially it was known as Bodhisattvayāna (the \"Vehicle of the Bodhisattvas\"). Paul Williams has also noted t... |
56d26e4b59d6e41400145fce | We know that both Mahayana and non Mahayana monks live in the same what? | monasteries | [
"Buddhism\n\nThere is no evidence that Mahāyāna ever referred to a separate formal school or sect of Buddhism, but rather that it existed as a certain set of ideals, and later doctrines, for bodhisattvas. Initially it was known as Bodhisattvayāna (the \"Vehicle of the Bodhisattvas\"). Paul Williams has also noted t... |
56d2706859d6e41400145fdc | Most of the early extant evidence for the origins of Mhayana comes from what type of translations? | Chinese | [
"Buddhism\n\nMuch of the early extant evidence for the origins of Mahāyāna comes from early Chinese translations of Mahāyāna texts. These Mahāyāna teachings were first propagated into China by Lokakṣema, the first translator of Mahāyāna sūtras into Chinese during the 2nd century CE.[note 39] Some scholars have trad... |
56d2706859d6e41400145fdd | The Mahayana teachings were first propagated into China by who? | Lokakṣema | [
"Buddhism\n\nMuch of the early extant evidence for the origins of Mahāyāna comes from early Chinese translations of Mahāyāna texts. These Mahāyāna teachings were first propagated into China by Lokakṣema, the first translator of Mahāyāna sūtras into Chinese during the 2nd century CE.[note 39] Some scholars have trad... |
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