id stringlengths 24 24 | question stringlengths 1 270 | answer stringlengths 1 239 | documents listlengths 1 1 |
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570c3599ec8fbc190045bdb4 | When did Puerto Rican Nationalist Filiberto Ojeda Ríos die? | 2005 | [
"Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation\n\nIn 2005, fugitive Puerto Rican Nationalist leader Filiberto Ojeda Ríos died in a gun battle with FBI agents in 2005 in what some charged was an assassination.[citation needed] Puerto Rico Governor Aníbal Acevedo Vilá criticized the FBI assault as \"improper\" and \"highly irregul... |
570c3599ec8fbc190045bdb5 | Who killed Filiberto Ojeda Ríos? | FBI agents | [
"Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation\n\nIn 2005, fugitive Puerto Rican Nationalist leader Filiberto Ojeda Ríos died in a gun battle with FBI agents in 2005 in what some charged was an assassination.[citation needed] Puerto Rico Governor Aníbal Acevedo Vilá criticized the FBI assault as \"improper\" and \"highly irregul... |
570c3599ec8fbc190045bdb6 | How did some people describe Filiberto Ojeda Ríos's death? | assassination | [
"Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation\n\nIn 2005, fugitive Puerto Rican Nationalist leader Filiberto Ojeda Ríos died in a gun battle with FBI agents in 2005 in what some charged was an assassination.[citation needed] Puerto Rico Governor Aníbal Acevedo Vilá criticized the FBI assault as \"improper\" and \"highly irregul... |
570c3599ec8fbc190045bdb7 | How did the FBI respond to requests to release information beyond the initial press release? | The FBI refused | [
"Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation\n\nIn 2005, fugitive Puerto Rican Nationalist leader Filiberto Ojeda Ríos died in a gun battle with FBI agents in 2005 in what some charged was an assassination.[citation needed] Puerto Rico Governor Aníbal Acevedo Vilá criticized the FBI assault as \"improper\" and \"highly irregul... |
570c3599ec8fbc190045bdb8 | What US court dismissed the Puerto Rican case for information crucial to their own investigation of Filiberto Ojeda Ríos's killing? | Supreme Court | [
"Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation\n\nIn 2005, fugitive Puerto Rican Nationalist leader Filiberto Ojeda Ríos died in a gun battle with FBI agents in 2005 in what some charged was an assassination.[citation needed] Puerto Rico Governor Aníbal Acevedo Vilá criticized the FBI assault as \"improper\" and \"highly irregul... |
570c2b046b8089140040fba4 | Who were Mary's parents? | Saint Joachim and Saint Anne | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nAccording to the apocryphal Gospel of James, Mary was the daughter of Saint Joachim and Saint Anne. Before Mary's conception, Anne had been barren and was far advanced in years. Mary was given to service as a consecrated virgin in the Temple in Jerusalem when she was three years old, much... |
570c2b046b8089140040fba5 | How old was Mary when she was consecrated as a virgin? | three years old | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nAccording to the apocryphal Gospel of James, Mary was the daughter of Saint Joachim and Saint Anne. Before Mary's conception, Anne had been barren and was far advanced in years. Mary was given to service as a consecrated virgin in the Temple in Jerusalem when she was three years old, much... |
570c2b046b8089140040fba6 | Who was Mary betrothed to? | Joseph | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nAccording to the apocryphal Gospel of James, Mary was the daughter of Saint Joachim and Saint Anne. Before Mary's conception, Anne had been barren and was far advanced in years. Mary was given to service as a consecrated virgin in the Temple in Jerusalem when she was three years old, much... |
570c2b046b8089140040fba7 | When she was betrothed to Joseph, approximately how old was Mary? | 12–14 years old | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nAccording to the apocryphal Gospel of James, Mary was the daughter of Saint Joachim and Saint Anne. Before Mary's conception, Anne had been barren and was far advanced in years. Mary was given to service as a consecrated virgin in the Temple in Jerusalem when she was three years old, much... |
570c2b046b8089140040fba8 | Where was Mary consecrated as a virgin? | the Temple in Jerusalem | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nAccording to the apocryphal Gospel of James, Mary was the daughter of Saint Joachim and Saint Anne. Before Mary's conception, Anne had been barren and was far advanced in years. Mary was given to service as a consecrated virgin in the Temple in Jerusalem when she was three years old, much... |
570c3da6ec8fbc190045be08 | Which angel appeared to Mary? | Gabriel | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nThe Gospel of Luke begins its account of Mary's life with the Annunciation, when the angel Gabriel appeared to her and announced her divine selection to be the mother of Jesus. According to gospel accounts, Mary was present at the Crucifixion of Jesus and is depicted as a member of the ea... |
570c3da6ec8fbc190045be09 | What happened to Mary's body at death? | assumed directly into Heaven | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nThe Gospel of Luke begins its account of Mary's life with the Annunciation, when the angel Gabriel appeared to her and announced her divine selection to be the mother of Jesus. According to gospel accounts, Mary was present at the Crucifixion of Jesus and is depicted as a member of the ea... |
570c3da6ec8fbc190045be0a | What did Gabriel announce to Mary at the Annunciation? | her divine selection to be the mother of Jesus | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nThe Gospel of Luke begins its account of Mary's life with the Annunciation, when the angel Gabriel appeared to her and announced her divine selection to be the mother of Jesus. According to gospel accounts, Mary was present at the Crucifixion of Jesus and is depicted as a member of the ea... |
570c3da6ec8fbc190045be0b | How was Mary related to Jesus? | mother of Jesus | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nThe Gospel of Luke begins its account of Mary's life with the Annunciation, when the angel Gabriel appeared to her and announced her divine selection to be the mother of Jesus. According to gospel accounts, Mary was present at the Crucifixion of Jesus and is depicted as a member of the ea... |
570c3da6ec8fbc190045be0c | Which goespel begins its story of Mary with the Annunciation? | Gospel of Luke | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nThe Gospel of Luke begins its account of Mary's life with the Annunciation, when the angel Gabriel appeared to her and announced her divine selection to be the mother of Jesus. According to gospel accounts, Mary was present at the Crucifixion of Jesus and is depicted as a member of the ea... |
570c3f1dec8fbc190045be1c | When was the Assumption dogmatically define by the Catholic Church? | 1950 | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nThe doctrines of the Assumption or Dormition of Mary relate to her death and bodily assumption to Heaven. The Roman Catholic Church has dogmaically defined the doctrine of the Assumption, which was done in 1950 by Pope Pius XII in Munificentissimus Deus. Whether the Virgin Mary died or no... |
570c3f1dec8fbc190045be1d | In which papal document was the dogma of the Assumption defined? | Munificentissimus Deus | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nThe doctrines of the Assumption or Dormition of Mary relate to her death and bodily assumption to Heaven. The Roman Catholic Church has dogmaically defined the doctrine of the Assumption, which was done in 1950 by Pope Pius XII in Munificentissimus Deus. Whether the Virgin Mary died or no... |
570c3f1dec8fbc190045be1e | Which pope authored Munifentissimus Deus? | Pope Pius XII | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nThe doctrines of the Assumption or Dormition of Mary relate to her death and bodily assumption to Heaven. The Roman Catholic Church has dogmaically defined the doctrine of the Assumption, which was done in 1950 by Pope Pius XII in Munificentissimus Deus. Whether the Virgin Mary died or no... |
570c3f1dec8fbc190045be1f | Other than the Roman Catholic Church, which church holds the doctrine of the Assumption to be true? | Eastern Orthodox Church | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nThe doctrines of the Assumption or Dormition of Mary relate to her death and bodily assumption to Heaven. The Roman Catholic Church has dogmaically defined the doctrine of the Assumption, which was done in 1950 by Pope Pius XII in Munificentissimus Deus. Whether the Virgin Mary died or no... |
570c3f1dec8fbc190045be20 | What is another name for the Assumption of Mary? | Dormition | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nThe doctrines of the Assumption or Dormition of Mary relate to her death and bodily assumption to Heaven. The Roman Catholic Church has dogmaically defined the doctrine of the Assumption, which was done in 1950 by Pope Pius XII in Munificentissimus Deus. Whether the Virgin Mary died or no... |
570c4097ec8fbc190045be30 | How long in total was the "blood of her purifying" for Mary? | 40 days | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nAfter Mary continued in the \"blood of her purifying\" another 33 days for a total of 40 days, she brought her burnt offering and sin offering to the Temple in Jerusalem,[Luke 2:22] so the priest could make atonement for her sins, being cleansed from her blood.[Leviticus 12:1-8] They also... |
570c4097ec8fbc190045be31 | Where did Mary bring a burnt offering and sin offering? | the Temple in Jerusalem | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nAfter Mary continued in the \"blood of her purifying\" another 33 days for a total of 40 days, she brought her burnt offering and sin offering to the Temple in Jerusalem,[Luke 2:22] so the priest could make atonement for her sins, being cleansed from her blood.[Leviticus 12:1-8] They also... |
570c4097ec8fbc190045be32 | Who was presented at the Temple in Jerusalem? | Jesus | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nAfter Mary continued in the \"blood of her purifying\" another 33 days for a total of 40 days, she brought her burnt offering and sin offering to the Temple in Jerusalem,[Luke 2:22] so the priest could make atonement for her sins, being cleansed from her blood.[Leviticus 12:1-8] They also... |
570c4097ec8fbc190045be33 | Who prophesized in Luke 2:25-38? | Simeon and the prophetess Anna in | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nAfter Mary continued in the \"blood of her purifying\" another 33 days for a total of 40 days, she brought her burnt offering and sin offering to the Temple in Jerusalem,[Luke 2:22] so the priest could make atonement for her sins, being cleansed from her blood.[Leviticus 12:1-8] They also... |
570c4097ec8fbc190045be34 | To which Galilean city did Joseph and Mary take Jesus? | Nazareth | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nAfter Mary continued in the \"blood of her purifying\" another 33 days for a total of 40 days, she brought her burnt offering and sin offering to the Temple in Jerusalem,[Luke 2:22] so the priest could make atonement for her sins, being cleansed from her blood.[Leviticus 12:1-8] They also... |
570c4160ec8fbc190045be3a | What was Zechariah's occupation? | priest | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nAccording to the writer of Luke, Mary was a relative of Elizabeth, wife of the priest Zechariah of the priestly division of Abijah, who was herself part of the lineage of Aaron and so of the tribe of Levi.[Luke 1:5;1:36] Some of those who consider that the relationship with Elizabeth was ... |
570c4160ec8fbc190045be3b | Which tribe did Elizabeth belong to? | Levi | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nAccording to the writer of Luke, Mary was a relative of Elizabeth, wife of the priest Zechariah of the priestly division of Abijah, who was herself part of the lineage of Aaron and so of the tribe of Levi.[Luke 1:5;1:36] Some of those who consider that the relationship with Elizabeth was ... |
570c4160ec8fbc190045be3c | Who was Aaron's wife? | Elisheba | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nAccording to the writer of Luke, Mary was a relative of Elizabeth, wife of the priest Zechariah of the priestly division of Abijah, who was herself part of the lineage of Aaron and so of the tribe of Levi.[Luke 1:5;1:36] Some of those who consider that the relationship with Elizabeth was ... |
570c4160ec8fbc190045be3d | Which tribe did Elisheba belong to? | Judah | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nAccording to the writer of Luke, Mary was a relative of Elizabeth, wife of the priest Zechariah of the priestly division of Abijah, who was herself part of the lineage of Aaron and so of the tribe of Levi.[Luke 1:5;1:36] Some of those who consider that the relationship with Elizabeth was ... |
570c4160ec8fbc190045be3e | Who was the third son of David and Bathsheba? | Nathan | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nAccording to the writer of Luke, Mary was a relative of Elizabeth, wife of the priest Zechariah of the priestly division of Abijah, who was herself part of the lineage of Aaron and so of the tribe of Levi.[Luke 1:5;1:36] Some of those who consider that the relationship with Elizabeth was ... |
570c42fdb3d812140066d05d | Name the two women present with Mary at the Crucifixion of Jesus? | Mary of Clopas and Mary Magdalene | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nMary is also depicted as being present among the women at the crucifixion during the crucifixion standing near \"the disciple whom Jesus loved\" along with Mary of Clopas and Mary Magdalene,[Jn 19:25-26] to which list Matthew 27:56 adds \"the mother of the sons of Zebedee\", presumably th... |
570c42fdb3d812140066d05e | In art, what is the name for the motif of Mary cradling the body of Jesus? | pietà | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nMary is also depicted as being present among the women at the crucifixion during the crucifixion standing near \"the disciple whom Jesus loved\" along with Mary of Clopas and Mary Magdalene,[Jn 19:25-26] to which list Matthew 27:56 adds \"the mother of the sons of Zebedee\", presumably th... |
570c42fdb3d812140066d05f | In Matthew, who else besides Mary of Clopas and Mary Magdalene are with Mary at the Crucifixion? | Salome | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nMary is also depicted as being present among the women at the crucifixion during the crucifixion standing near \"the disciple whom Jesus loved\" along with Mary of Clopas and Mary Magdalene,[Jn 19:25-26] to which list Matthew 27:56 adds \"the mother of the sons of Zebedee\", presumably th... |
570c42fdb3d812140066d060 | What does pieta mean? | pity | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nMary is also depicted as being present among the women at the crucifixion during the crucifixion standing near \"the disciple whom Jesus loved\" along with Mary of Clopas and Mary Magdalene,[Jn 19:25-26] to which list Matthew 27:56 adds \"the mother of the sons of Zebedee\", presumably th... |
570c42fdb3d812140066d061 | What is a representation of Mary at the Crucifixion called? | a Stabat Mater | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nMary is also depicted as being present among the women at the crucifixion during the crucifixion standing near \"the disciple whom Jesus loved\" along with Mary of Clopas and Mary Magdalene,[Jn 19:25-26] to which list Matthew 27:56 adds \"the mother of the sons of Zebedee\", presumably th... |
570c46c0b3d812140066d067 | Which Egyptian goddess do some scholars ascribe similarities to? | Isis | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nThe adoption of the mother of Jesus as a virtual goddess may represent a reintroduction of aspects of the worship of Isis. \"When looking at images of the Egyptian goddess Isis and those of the Virgin Mary, one may initially observe iconographic similarities. These parallels have led many... |
570c46c0b3d812140066d068 | What type of goddess is Isis? | Egyptian | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nThe adoption of the mother of Jesus as a virtual goddess may represent a reintroduction of aspects of the worship of Isis. \"When looking at images of the Egyptian goddess Isis and those of the Virgin Mary, one may initially observe iconographic similarities. These parallels have led many... |
570c46c0b3d812140066d069 | What kind of relationship do some scholars believe exists between Isis and Mary? | iconographic | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nThe adoption of the mother of Jesus as a virtual goddess may represent a reintroduction of aspects of the worship of Isis. \"When looking at images of the Egyptian goddess Isis and those of the Virgin Mary, one may initially observe iconographic similarities. These parallels have led many... |
570c481ffed7b91900d45825 | In which country is Ephesus? | Turkey | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nIn the 19th century, a house near Ephesus in Turkey was found, based on the visions of Anne Catherine Emmerich, an Augustinian nun in Germany. It has since been visited as the House of the Virgin Mary by Roman Catholic pilgrims who consider it the place where Mary lived until her assumpti... |
570c481ffed7b91900d45826 | Whose visions led to the identification of the House of the Virgin Mary? | Anne Catherine Emmerich | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nIn the 19th century, a house near Ephesus in Turkey was found, based on the visions of Anne Catherine Emmerich, an Augustinian nun in Germany. It has since been visited as the House of the Virgin Mary by Roman Catholic pilgrims who consider it the place where Mary lived until her assumpti... |
570c481ffed7b91900d45827 | Which disciple is known as "the Disciple whom Jesus loved?" | John the Evangelist | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nIn the 19th century, a house near Ephesus in Turkey was found, based on the visions of Anne Catherine Emmerich, an Augustinian nun in Germany. It has since been visited as the House of the Virgin Mary by Roman Catholic pilgrims who consider it the place where Mary lived until her assumpti... |
570c481ffed7b91900d45828 | With whom is it believed that Mary lived with in Ephesus? | John | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nIn the 19th century, a house near Ephesus in Turkey was found, based on the visions of Anne Catherine Emmerich, an Augustinian nun in Germany. It has since been visited as the House of the Virgin Mary by Roman Catholic pilgrims who consider it the place where Mary lived until her assumpti... |
570c481ffed7b91900d45829 | In which century was the House of the Virgin Mary found? | 19th | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nIn the 19th century, a house near Ephesus in Turkey was found, based on the visions of Anne Catherine Emmerich, an Augustinian nun in Germany. It has since been visited as the House of the Virgin Mary by Roman Catholic pilgrims who consider it the place where Mary lived until her assumpti... |
570c49f9fed7b91900d45843 | In which year was the Second Council of Nicea? | 787 | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nDevotions to artistic depictions of Mary vary among Christian traditions. There is a long tradition of Roman Catholic Marian art and no image permeates Catholic art as does the image of Madonna and Child. The icon of the Virgin Theotokos with Christ is without doubt the most venerated ico... |
570c49f9fed7b91900d45844 | In which year did the Synod of Constantinople confirm the veneration of images of Mary? | 842 | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nDevotions to artistic depictions of Mary vary among Christian traditions. There is a long tradition of Roman Catholic Marian art and no image permeates Catholic art as does the image of Madonna and Child. The icon of the Virgin Theotokos with Christ is without doubt the most venerated ico... |
570c49f9fed7b91900d45845 | Which icon is most venerated in the Orthodox Church? | icon of the Virgin Theotokos | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nDevotions to artistic depictions of Mary vary among Christian traditions. There is a long tradition of Roman Catholic Marian art and no image permeates Catholic art as does the image of Madonna and Child. The icon of the Virgin Theotokos with Christ is without doubt the most venerated ico... |
570c49f9fed7b91900d45846 | What is the name given to artistic depictions of Mary? | Marian art | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nDevotions to artistic depictions of Mary vary among Christian traditions. There is a long tradition of Roman Catholic Marian art and no image permeates Catholic art as does the image of Madonna and Child. The icon of the Virgin Theotokos with Christ is without doubt the most venerated ico... |
570c49f9fed7b91900d45847 | In the Orthodox church, what types of icons are allowed to be venerated and prayed before? | flat, two-dimensional icons | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nDevotions to artistic depictions of Mary vary among Christian traditions. There is a long tradition of Roman Catholic Marian art and no image permeates Catholic art as does the image of Madonna and Child. The icon of the Virgin Theotokos with Christ is without doubt the most venerated ico... |
570c4b18b3d812140066d089 | Where is the site of the first Church dedicated to Mary? | Ephesus | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nEphesus is a cultic centre of Mary, the site of the first Church dedicated to her and the rumoured place of her death. Ephesus was previously a centre for worship of Artemis a virgin goddess. The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus being regarded as one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World ... |
570c4b18b3d812140066d08a | Which goddess was worshipped in Ephesus before Mary? | Artemis | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nEphesus is a cultic centre of Mary, the site of the first Church dedicated to her and the rumoured place of her death. Ephesus was previously a centre for worship of Artemis a virgin goddess. The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus being regarded as one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World ... |
570c4b18b3d812140066d08b | Who was the author of the book, "Survivals of Roman Religion?" | William E. Phipps | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nEphesus is a cultic centre of Mary, the site of the first Church dedicated to her and the rumoured place of her death. Ephesus was previously a centre for worship of Artemis a virgin goddess. The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus being regarded as one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World ... |
570c4b18b3d812140066d08c | Which Queen furthered the cult of Mary in the 6th Century? | Queen Theodora | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nEphesus is a cultic centre of Mary, the site of the first Church dedicated to her and the rumoured place of her death. Ephesus was previously a centre for worship of Artemis a virgin goddess. The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus being regarded as one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World ... |
570c4b18b3d812140066d08d | Where was Mary rumored to have died? | Ephesus | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nEphesus is a cultic centre of Mary, the site of the first Church dedicated to her and the rumoured place of her death. Ephesus was previously a centre for worship of Artemis a virgin goddess. The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus being regarded as one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World ... |
570c4cf5fed7b91900d4586b | Jesus was known as the "King of Kings" because of his lieage from who? | King David | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nSome titles have a Biblical basis, for instance the title Queen Mother has been given to Mary since she was the mother of Jesus, who was sometimes referred to as the \"King of Kings\" due to his lineage of King David. The biblical basis for the term Queen can be seen in the Gospel of Luke... |
570c4cf5fed7b91900d4586c | Which name is given to Mary because of her role as a protector of captives? | Our Lady of Ransom | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nSome titles have a Biblical basis, for instance the title Queen Mother has been given to Mary since she was the mother of Jesus, who was sometimes referred to as the \"King of Kings\" due to his lineage of King David. The biblical basis for the term Queen can be seen in the Gospel of Luke... |
570c4cf5fed7b91900d4586d | Who was the mother of Jesus? | Mary | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nSome titles have a Biblical basis, for instance the title Queen Mother has been given to Mary since she was the mother of Jesus, who was sometimes referred to as the \"King of Kings\" due to his lineage of King David. The biblical basis for the term Queen can be seen in the Gospel of Luke... |
570c4cf5fed7b91900d4586e | Which New Testament book provides a basis for the term Queen when referring to Mary? | Luke | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nSome titles have a Biblical basis, for instance the title Queen Mother has been given to Mary since she was the mother of Jesus, who was sometimes referred to as the \"King of Kings\" due to his lineage of King David. The biblical basis for the term Queen can be seen in the Gospel of Luke... |
570c5057fed7b91900d458a3 | Who wrote polemics regarding Roman Catholic beliefs about Mary? | Martin Luther | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nDespite Martin Luther's harsh polemics against his Roman Catholic opponents over issues concerning Mary and the saints, theologians appear to agree that Luther adhered to the Marian decrees of the ecumenical councils and dogmas of the church. He held fast to the belief that Mary was a per... |
570c5057fed7b91900d458a4 | In which year was the Immaculate Conception dogmatized? | 1854 | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nDespite Martin Luther's harsh polemics against his Roman Catholic opponents over issues concerning Mary and the saints, theologians appear to agree that Luther adhered to the Marian decrees of the ecumenical councils and dogmas of the church. He held fast to the belief that Mary was a per... |
570c5057fed7b91900d458a5 | Which pope was responsible for the dogmatization of the Immaculate Conception? | Pope Pius IX | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nDespite Martin Luther's harsh polemics against his Roman Catholic opponents over issues concerning Mary and the saints, theologians appear to agree that Luther adhered to the Marian decrees of the ecumenical councils and dogmas of the church. He held fast to the belief that Mary was a per... |
570c5057fed7b91900d458a6 | What does Theotokos mean? | Mother of God | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nDespite Martin Luther's harsh polemics against his Roman Catholic opponents over issues concerning Mary and the saints, theologians appear to agree that Luther adhered to the Marian decrees of the ecumenical councils and dogmas of the church. He held fast to the belief that Mary was a per... |
570c5057fed7b91900d458a7 | Where did Martin Luther preach a sermon on Marian devotion a month before his death? | Wittenberg | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nDespite Martin Luther's harsh polemics against his Roman Catholic opponents over issues concerning Mary and the saints, theologians appear to agree that Luther adhered to the Marian decrees of the ecumenical councils and dogmas of the church. He held fast to the belief that Mary was a per... |
570c5213fed7b91900d458ad | On what date does the Catholic Church celebrate the Feast of the Assumption? | August 15 | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nDifferences in feasts may also originate from doctrinal issues—the Feast of the Assumption is such an example. Given that there is no agreement among all Christians on the circumstances of the death, Dormition or Assumption of Mary, the feast of assumption is celebrated among some denomin... |
570c5213fed7b91900d458ae | What do Eastern Catholics call the Feast of the Assumption? | Dormition of the Theotokos | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nDifferences in feasts may also originate from doctrinal issues—the Feast of the Assumption is such an example. Given that there is no agreement among all Christians on the circumstances of the death, Dormition or Assumption of Mary, the feast of assumption is celebrated among some denomin... |
570c5213fed7b91900d458af | On what date of the Julian calendar do Eastern Catholics celebrate the Domition of the Theotokos? | August 28 | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nDifferences in feasts may also originate from doctrinal issues—the Feast of the Assumption is such an example. Given that there is no agreement among all Christians on the circumstances of the death, Dormition or Assumption of Mary, the feast of assumption is celebrated among some denomin... |
570c5213fed7b91900d458b0 | How many Great Feasts does the Eastern Orthodox Church celebrate? | 12 | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nDifferences in feasts may also originate from doctrinal issues—the Feast of the Assumption is such an example. Given that there is no agreement among all Christians on the circumstances of the death, Dormition or Assumption of Mary, the feast of assumption is celebrated among some denomin... |
570c5213fed7b91900d458b1 | Do Protestants celebrate Marian feasts or not? | do not | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nDifferences in feasts may also originate from doctrinal issues—the Feast of the Assumption is such an example. Given that there is no agreement among all Christians on the circumstances of the death, Dormition or Assumption of Mary, the feast of assumption is celebrated among some denomin... |
570cba0cb3d812140066d259 | Which color is traditionally used to portray Mary in paintings? | blue | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nIn paintings, Mary is traditionally portrayed in blue. This tradition can trace its origin to the Byzantine Empire, from c.500 AD, where blue was \"the colour of an empress\". A more practical explanation for the use of this colour is that in Medieval and Renaissance Europe, the blue pigm... |
570cba0cb3d812140066d25a | What rock was used as the source of blue pigment in paints in Medieval and Renaissance Europe? | lapis lazuli | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nIn paintings, Mary is traditionally portrayed in blue. This tradition can trace its origin to the Byzantine Empire, from c.500 AD, where blue was \"the colour of an empress\". A more practical explanation for the use of this colour is that in Medieval and Renaissance Europe, the blue pigm... |
570cba0cb3d812140066d25b | From which country was lapis lazuli imported? | Afghanistan | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nIn paintings, Mary is traditionally portrayed in blue. This tradition can trace its origin to the Byzantine Empire, from c.500 AD, where blue was \"the colour of an empress\". A more practical explanation for the use of this colour is that in Medieval and Renaissance Europe, the blue pigm... |
570cba0cb3d812140066d25c | Lapis lazuli was thought to be more valuable than which precious metal? | gold | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nIn paintings, Mary is traditionally portrayed in blue. This tradition can trace its origin to the Byzantine Empire, from c.500 AD, where blue was \"the colour of an empress\". A more practical explanation for the use of this colour is that in Medieval and Renaissance Europe, the blue pigm... |
570cba0cb3d812140066d25d | Which ancient empire is thought to have started the tradition of portraying Mary in paintings using the color blue? | Byzantine Empire | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nIn paintings, Mary is traditionally portrayed in blue. This tradition can trace its origin to the Byzantine Empire, from c.500 AD, where blue was \"the colour of an empress\". A more practical explanation for the use of this colour is that in Medieval and Renaissance Europe, the blue pigm... |
570cbdcfb3d812140066d263 | According to Nontrinitarian belief, what is Mary's relationship to Jesus? | biological mother | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nNontrinitarians, such as Unitarians, Christadelphians and Jehovah's Witnesses also acknowledge Mary as the biological mother of Jesus Christ, but do not recognise Marian titles such as \"Mother of God\" as these groups generally reject Christ's divinity. Since Nontrinitarian churches are ... |
570cbdcfb3d812140066d264 | Which Nontrinitarian theologian says that God cannot approach eveil spirits to redeem them? | Emanuel Swedenborg | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nNontrinitarians, such as Unitarians, Christadelphians and Jehovah's Witnesses also acknowledge Mary as the biological mother of Jesus Christ, but do not recognise Marian titles such as \"Mother of God\" as these groups generally reject Christ's divinity. Since Nontrinitarian churches are ... |
570cbdcfb3d812140066d265 | Unittarians, Christadelphians and Jehovah's Witnesses are examples of what kind of church? | Nontrinitarians | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nNontrinitarians, such as Unitarians, Christadelphians and Jehovah's Witnesses also acknowledge Mary as the biological mother of Jesus Christ, but do not recognise Marian titles such as \"Mother of God\" as these groups generally reject Christ's divinity. Since Nontrinitarian churches are ... |
570cbdcfb3d812140066d266 | "Mother of God" is an example of what kind of title? | Marian | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nNontrinitarians, such as Unitarians, Christadelphians and Jehovah's Witnesses also acknowledge Mary as the biological mother of Jesus Christ, but do not recognise Marian titles such as \"Mother of God\" as these groups generally reject Christ's divinity. Since Nontrinitarian churches are ... |
570cc5e1b3d812140066d26b | By what name is Mary referred to in the Qur'an? | Maryam | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nThe Qur'an relates detailed narrative accounts of Maryam (Mary) in two places, Qur'an 3:35–47 and 19:16–34. These state beliefs in both the Immaculate Conception of Mary and the Virgin birth of Jesus. The account given in Sura 19 is nearly identical with that in the Gospel according to Lu... |
570cc5e1b3d812140066d26c | Which Sura in the Qur'an describes the visitation of an angel upon Zakariya? | 19 | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nThe Qur'an relates detailed narrative accounts of Maryam (Mary) in two places, Qur'an 3:35–47 and 19:16–34. These state beliefs in both the Immaculate Conception of Mary and the Virgin birth of Jesus. The account given in Sura 19 is nearly identical with that in the Gospel according to Lu... |
570cc5e1b3d812140066d26d | In how many places does the Qur'an give detailed accounts of Mary? | two | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nThe Qur'an relates detailed narrative accounts of Maryam (Mary) in two places, Qur'an 3:35–47 and 19:16–34. These state beliefs in both the Immaculate Conception of Mary and the Virgin birth of Jesus. The account given in Sura 19 is nearly identical with that in the Gospel according to Lu... |
570cc5e1b3d812140066d26e | Which Gospel provides an identical account of the Virgin Birth as Sura 19 in the Qur'an? | Luke | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nThe Qur'an relates detailed narrative accounts of Maryam (Mary) in two places, Qur'an 3:35–47 and 19:16–34. These state beliefs in both the Immaculate Conception of Mary and the Virgin birth of Jesus. The account given in Sura 19 is nearly identical with that in the Gospel according to Lu... |
570cc5e1b3d812140066d26f | Who was visited by an angel in Sura 19 of the Qur'an? | Zakariya | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nThe Qur'an relates detailed narrative accounts of Maryam (Mary) in two places, Qur'an 3:35–47 and 19:16–34. These state beliefs in both the Immaculate Conception of Mary and the Virgin birth of Jesus. The account given in Sura 19 is nearly identical with that in the Gospel according to Lu... |
570cc952b3d812140066d275 | What term is used to describe the belief that Mary remained a virgin for her entire life? | Ever-Virgin | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nThe Perpetual Virginity of Mary asserts Mary's real and perpetual virginity even in the act of giving birth to the Son of God made Man. The term Ever-Virgin (Greek ἀειπάρθενος) is applied in this case, stating that Mary remained a virgin for the remainder of her life, making Jesus her bio... |
570cc952b3d812140066d276 | Which Latin father described the belief that Jesus' siblings were his cousins? | Jerome | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nThe Perpetual Virginity of Mary asserts Mary's real and perpetual virginity even in the act of giving birth to the Son of God made Man. The term Ever-Virgin (Greek ἀειπάρθενος) is applied in this case, stating that Mary remained a virgin for the remainder of her life, making Jesus her bio... |
570cc952b3d812140066d277 | Which churches teach that Jesus' brothers and sister were step-siblings from a previous marriage of Joseph the Betrothed? | Orthodox Churches | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nThe Perpetual Virginity of Mary asserts Mary's real and perpetual virginity even in the act of giving birth to the Son of God made Man. The term Ever-Virgin (Greek ἀειπάρθενος) is applied in this case, stating that Mary remained a virgin for the remainder of her life, making Jesus her bio... |
570cc952b3d812140066d278 | What document teaches that Jesus' brothers and sisters were older children of Joseph from a previous marriage? | Protoevangelium of James | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nThe Perpetual Virginity of Mary asserts Mary's real and perpetual virginity even in the act of giving birth to the Son of God made Man. The term Ever-Virgin (Greek ἀειπάρθενος) is applied in this case, stating that Mary remained a virgin for the remainder of her life, making Jesus her bio... |
570cc952b3d812140066d279 | Which doctrine describes the belief that Mary remained a virgin, even though she gave birth to Jesus? | The Perpetual Virginity of Mary | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nThe Perpetual Virginity of Mary asserts Mary's real and perpetual virginity even in the act of giving birth to the Son of God made Man. The term Ever-Virgin (Greek ἀειπάρθενος) is applied in this case, stating that Mary remained a virgin for the remainder of her life, making Jesus her bio... |
570cce8afed7b91900d45a21 | In Orthodox tradition, what comes next in precdence after The Theotokos in the order of the saints? | Angels | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nOrthodox Christianity includes a large number of traditions regarding the Ever Virgin Mary, the Theotokos. The Orthodox believe that she was and remained a virgin before and after Christ's birth. The Theotokia (i.e., hymns to the Theotokos) are an essential part of the Divine Services in ... |
570cce8afed7b91900d45a22 | What are hymns to the Theotokos called in Orthodox tradition? | The Theotokia | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nOrthodox Christianity includes a large number of traditions regarding the Ever Virgin Mary, the Theotokos. The Orthodox believe that she was and remained a virgin before and after Christ's birth. The Theotokia (i.e., hymns to the Theotokos) are an essential part of the Divine Services in ... |
570cce8afed7b91900d45a23 | In the liturgical sequences of the Eastern Church, who is placed next in prominence after Christ? | the Theotokos | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nOrthodox Christianity includes a large number of traditions regarding the Ever Virgin Mary, the Theotokos. The Orthodox believe that she was and remained a virgin before and after Christ's birth. The Theotokia (i.e., hymns to the Theotokos) are an essential part of the Divine Services in ... |
570cce8afed7b91900d45a24 | What is Mary proclaimed to be in the Orthodox tradition? | "Lady of the Angels" | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nOrthodox Christianity includes a large number of traditions regarding the Ever Virgin Mary, the Theotokos. The Orthodox believe that she was and remained a virgin before and after Christ's birth. The Theotokia (i.e., hymns to the Theotokos) are an essential part of the Divine Services in ... |
570cce8afed7b91900d45a25 | What do the Orthodox believe Mary remained to be before and after she gave birth to Christ? | a virgin | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nOrthodox Christianity includes a large number of traditions regarding the Ever Virgin Mary, the Theotokos. The Orthodox believe that she was and remained a virgin before and after Christ's birth. The Theotokia (i.e., hymns to the Theotokos) are an essential part of the Divine Services in ... |
570cd23eb3d812140066d289 | What is the mother church of the Angican Communion? | the Church of England | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nThe multiple churches that form the Anglican Communion and the Continuing Anglican movement have different views on Marian doctrines and venerative practices given that there is no single church with universal authority within the Communion and that the mother church (the Church of Englan... |
570cd23eb3d812140066d28a | Which church in the United States is associated with the Angican Communion? | the Episcopal Church | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nThe multiple churches that form the Anglican Communion and the Continuing Anglican movement have different views on Marian doctrines and venerative practices given that there is no single church with universal authority within the Communion and that the mother church (the Church of Englan... |
570cd23eb3d812140066d28b | What practice differentiates the Angican Communon from Protestant churches at large? | veneration of Mary | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nThe multiple churches that form the Anglican Communion and the Continuing Anglican movement have different views on Marian doctrines and venerative practices given that there is no single church with universal authority within the Communion and that the mother church (the Church of Englan... |
570cd23eb3d812140066d28c | What branch of Christianity does the Angican Communion fall under? | Protestant | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nThe multiple churches that form the Anglican Communion and the Continuing Anglican movement have different views on Marian doctrines and venerative practices given that there is no single church with universal authority within the Communion and that the mother church (the Church of Englan... |
570cd44ab3d812140066d29b | For what practice did the first Protestants criticize the Roman Catholics? | venerating Mary | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nAlthough Calvin and Huldrych Zwingli honored Mary as the Mother of God in the 16th century, they did so less than Martin Luther. Thus the idea of respect and high honor for Mary was not rejected by the first Protestants; but, they came to criticize the Roman Catholics for venerating Mary.... |
570cd44ab3d812140066d29c | In which century did the Council of Trent occur? | 16th | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nAlthough Calvin and Huldrych Zwingli honored Mary as the Mother of God in the 16th century, they did so less than Martin Luther. Thus the idea of respect and high honor for Mary was not rejected by the first Protestants; but, they came to criticize the Roman Catholics for venerating Mary.... |
570cd44ab3d812140066d29d | Which Protestant churches still honor Mary? | Anglicans and Lutherans | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nAlthough Calvin and Huldrych Zwingli honored Mary as the Mother of God in the 16th century, they did so less than Martin Luther. Thus the idea of respect and high honor for Mary was not rejected by the first Protestants; but, they came to criticize the Roman Catholics for venerating Mary.... |
570cd44ab3d812140066d29e | During which historical era did Protestant interest in Mary almost disappear? | Age of the Enlightenment | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nAlthough Calvin and Huldrych Zwingli honored Mary as the Mother of God in the 16th century, they did so less than Martin Luther. Thus the idea of respect and high honor for Mary was not rejected by the first Protestants; but, they came to criticize the Roman Catholics for venerating Mary.... |
570cd44ab3d812140066d29f | Marian veneration became associated with which Christians after the Council of Trent? | Catholics | [
"Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)\n\nAlthough Calvin and Huldrych Zwingli honored Mary as the Mother of God in the 16th century, they did so less than Martin Luther. Thus the idea of respect and high honor for Mary was not rejected by the first Protestants; but, they came to criticize the Roman Catholics for venerating Mary.... |
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