id
stringlengths
24
24
question
stringlengths
1
270
answer
stringlengths
1
239
documents
listlengths
1
1
570af9f26b8089140040f666
Why did the Spanish colonies lag behind in adopting the calendar?
delay in communication
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nPhilip II of Spain decreed the change from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar, which affected much of Roman Catholic Europe, as Philip was at the time ruler over Spain and Portugal as well as much of Italy. In these territories, as well as in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (ruled by Ann...
570afbdf6b8089140040f676
When did the last country to adopt the Gregorian calendar start using it?
1923
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nDuring the period between 1582, when the first countries adopted the Gregorian calendar, and 1923, when the last European country adopted it, it was often necessary to indicate the date of some event in both the Julian calendar and in the Gregorian calendar, for example, \"10/21 February 1750...
570afbdf6b8089140040f677
At what date did the first country start using the new calendar?
1582
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nDuring the period between 1582, when the first countries adopted the Gregorian calendar, and 1923, when the last European country adopted it, it was often necessary to indicate the date of some event in both the Julian calendar and in the Gregorian calendar, for example, \"10/21 February 1750...
570afbdf6b8089140040f678
How which calendar did some countries notate the date?
in both
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nDuring the period between 1582, when the first countries adopted the Gregorian calendar, and 1923, when the last European country adopted it, it was often necessary to indicate the date of some event in both the Julian calendar and in the Gregorian calendar, for example, \"10/21 February 1750...
570afbdf6b8089140040f679
Who said that English writers usually used both dates on writings?
Woolley
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nDuring the period between 1582, when the first countries adopted the Gregorian calendar, and 1923, when the last European country adopted it, it was often necessary to indicate the date of some event in both the Julian calendar and in the Gregorian calendar, for example, \"10/21 February 1750...
570afbdf6b8089140040f67a
What difference in dating caused the use of double-dating documents?
different beginnings of the year
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nDuring the period between 1582, when the first countries adopted the Gregorian calendar, and 1923, when the last European country adopted it, it was often necessary to indicate the date of some event in both the Julian calendar and in the Gregorian calendar, for example, \"10/21 February 1750...
570afd13ec8fbc190045b7a6
What was the percentsge of correction from the Julian calendar to the new Gregorian calendar?
0.002%
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nThe calendar was a refinement to the Julian calendar amounting to a 0.002% correction in the length of the year. The motivation for the reform was to bring the date for the celebration of Easter to the time of the year in which it was celebrated when it was introduced by the early Church. Bec...
570afd13ec8fbc190045b7a7
What was the correction due to?
length of the year
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nThe calendar was a refinement to the Julian calendar amounting to a 0.002% correction in the length of the year. The motivation for the reform was to bring the date for the celebration of Easter to the time of the year in which it was celebrated when it was introduced by the early Church. Bec...
570afd13ec8fbc190045b7a8
What change in date motivated the change in calendars?
celebration of Easter
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nThe calendar was a refinement to the Julian calendar amounting to a 0.002% correction in the length of the year. The motivation for the reform was to bring the date for the celebration of Easter to the time of the year in which it was celebrated when it was introduced by the early Church. Bec...
570afd13ec8fbc190045b7a9
To what astrological date was Easter tied?
spring equinox
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nThe calendar was a refinement to the Julian calendar amounting to a 0.002% correction in the length of the year. The motivation for the reform was to bring the date for the celebration of Easter to the time of the year in which it was celebrated when it was introduced by the early Church. Bec...
570afd13ec8fbc190045b7aa
What was wrong in the Julian calendar?
slightly too long
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nThe calendar was a refinement to the Julian calendar amounting to a 0.002% correction in the length of the year. The motivation for the reform was to bring the date for the celebration of Easter to the time of the year in which it was celebrated when it was introduced by the early Church. Bec...
570afefeec8fbc190045b7ba
What kind of calendar is the Gregorian calendar?
solar
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nThe Gregorian calendar is a solar calendar. A regular Gregorian year consists of 365 days, but as in the Julian calendar, in a leap year, a leap day is added to February. In the Julian calendar a leap year occurs every 4 years, but the Gregorian calendar omits 3 leap days every 400 years. In ...
570afefeec8fbc190045b7bb
How many days are in the Gregorian calendar?
365
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nThe Gregorian calendar is a solar calendar. A regular Gregorian year consists of 365 days, but as in the Julian calendar, in a leap year, a leap day is added to February. In the Julian calendar a leap year occurs every 4 years, but the Gregorian calendar omits 3 leap days every 400 years. In ...
570afefeec8fbc190045b7bc
How often is a leap day added to the Julian calendar year?
every 4 years
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nThe Gregorian calendar is a solar calendar. A regular Gregorian year consists of 365 days, but as in the Julian calendar, in a leap year, a leap day is added to February. In the Julian calendar a leap year occurs every 4 years, but the Gregorian calendar omits 3 leap days every 400 years. In ...
570afefeec8fbc190045b7bd
When does the Gregorian calendar omit 3 leap days?
every 400 years
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nThe Gregorian calendar is a solar calendar. A regular Gregorian year consists of 365 days, but as in the Julian calendar, in a leap year, a leap day is added to February. In the Julian calendar a leap year occurs every 4 years, but the Gregorian calendar omits 3 leap days every 400 years. In ...
570afefeec8fbc190045b7be
On what day did both the Julian and Gregorian calendars add leap day?
24 February
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nThe Gregorian calendar is a solar calendar. A regular Gregorian year consists of 365 days, but as in the Julian calendar, in a leap year, a leap day is added to February. In the Julian calendar a leap year occurs every 4 years, but the Gregorian calendar omits 3 leap days every 400 years. In ...
570b01c36b8089140040f6b2
When was Easter Sunday celebrated after the equinox?
15th day
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nEaster was the Sunday after the 15th day of this moon, whose 14th day was allowed to precede the equinox. Where the two systems produced different dates there was generally a compromise so that both churches were able to celebrate on the same day. By the 10th century all churches (except some...
570b01c36b8089140040f6b3
What did churches do to settle the date if there was a difference?
compromise
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nEaster was the Sunday after the 15th day of this moon, whose 14th day was allowed to precede the equinox. Where the two systems produced different dates there was generally a compromise so that both churches were able to celebrate on the same day. By the 10th century all churches (except some...
570b01c36b8089140040f6b4
By what century had almost all churches begun celebrating Easter according to the Alexandrian Easter?
10th century
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nEaster was the Sunday after the 15th day of this moon, whose 14th day was allowed to precede the equinox. Where the two systems produced different dates there was generally a compromise so that both churches were able to celebrate on the same day. By the 10th century all churches (except some...
570b01c36b8089140040f6b5
On what border of the Byzantine Empire were the last holdouts for celebrating according the Alexandrian Easter?
eastern border
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nEaster was the Sunday after the 15th day of this moon, whose 14th day was allowed to precede the equinox. Where the two systems produced different dates there was generally a compromise so that both churches were able to celebrate on the same day. By the 10th century all churches (except some...
570b01c36b8089140040f6b6
What date placement drifted increasingly off the true date on the calendar?
vernal equinox
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nEaster was the Sunday after the 15th day of this moon, whose 14th day was allowed to precede the equinox. Where the two systems produced different dates there was generally a compromise so that both churches were able to celebrate on the same day. By the 10th century all churches (except some...
570b03a2ec8fbc190045b7d8
What did Lilius first propose to correct in the calendar?
length of the year
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nLilius's proposals had two components. Firstly, he proposed a correction to the length of the year. The mean tropical year is 365.24219 days long. As the average length of a Julian year is 365.25 days, the Julian year is almost 11 minutes longer than the mean tropical year. The discrepancy re...
570b03a2ec8fbc190045b7d9
By how much is the Julian calendar too long?
11 minutes
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nLilius's proposals had two components. Firstly, he proposed a correction to the length of the year. The mean tropical year is 365.24219 days long. As the average length of a Julian year is 365.25 days, the Julian year is almost 11 minutes longer than the mean tropical year. The discrepancy re...
570b03a2ec8fbc190045b7da
How much difference does the extra 11 minutes make over 400 years time?
three days
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nLilius's proposals had two components. Firstly, he proposed a correction to the length of the year. The mean tropical year is 365.24219 days long. As the average length of a Julian year is 365.25 days, the Julian year is almost 11 minutes longer than the mean tropical year. The discrepancy re...
570b03a2ec8fbc190045b7db
On what date was the original vernal equinox set?
21 March
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nLilius's proposals had two components. Firstly, he proposed a correction to the length of the year. The mean tropical year is 365.24219 days long. As the average length of a Julian year is 365.25 days, the Julian year is almost 11 minutes longer than the mean tropical year. The discrepancy re...
570b03a2ec8fbc190045b7dc
By the time of Lilius where was the equinox falling?
10 or 11 March
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nLilius's proposals had two components. Firstly, he proposed a correction to the length of the year. The mean tropical year is 365.24219 days long. As the average length of a Julian year is 365.25 days, the Julian year is almost 11 minutes longer than the mean tropical year. The discrepancy re...
570b057a6b8089140040f6ec
On what date did most European countries set the start of the new year?
1 January
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nMost Western European countries changed the start of the year to 1 January before they adopted the Gregorian calendar. For example, Scotland changed the start of the Scottish New Year to 1 January in 1600 (this means that 1599 was a short year). England, Ireland and the British colonies chang...
570b057a6b8089140040f6ed
When did Scotland begin to use January 1 as the start of the new year?
1600
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nMost Western European countries changed the start of the year to 1 January before they adopted the Gregorian calendar. For example, Scotland changed the start of the Scottish New Year to 1 January in 1600 (this means that 1599 was a short year). England, Ireland and the British colonies chang...
570b057a6b8089140040f6ee
When did the other British states and colonies set the year start date to January 1?
1752
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nMost Western European countries changed the start of the year to 1 January before they adopted the Gregorian calendar. For example, Scotland changed the start of the Scottish New Year to 1 January in 1600 (this means that 1599 was a short year). England, Ireland and the British colonies chang...
570b057a6b8089140040f6ef
What act did Britain use to implement the use of the Gregorian calendar?
Calendar (New Style) Act 1750
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nMost Western European countries changed the start of the year to 1 January before they adopted the Gregorian calendar. For example, Scotland changed the start of the Scottish New Year to 1 January in 1600 (this means that 1599 was a short year). England, Ireland and the British colonies chang...
570b057a6b8089140040f6f0
When did England finally change the tax year to 6 April?
1800
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nMost Western European countries changed the start of the year to 1 January before they adopted the Gregorian calendar. For example, Scotland changed the start of the Scottish New Year to 1 January in 1600 (this means that 1599 was a short year). England, Ireland and the British colonies chang...
570b07e16b8089140040f6f6
Attempting to use Gregorian dates for earlier events on the Julian calendar should be used with what action?
caution
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nExtending the Gregorian calendar backwards to dates preceding its official introduction produces a proleptic calendar, which should be used with some caution. For ordinary purposes, the dates of events occurring prior to 15 October 1582 are generally shown as they appeared in the Julian calen...
570b07e16b8089140040f6f7
When are events usually shown as they appeared on the Julian calendar?
prior to 15 October 1582
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nExtending the Gregorian calendar backwards to dates preceding its official introduction produces a proleptic calendar, which should be used with some caution. For ordinary purposes, the dates of events occurring prior to 15 October 1582 are generally shown as they appeared in the Julian calen...
570b07e16b8089140040f6f8
When was the Battle of Agincourt?
25 October 1415
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nExtending the Gregorian calendar backwards to dates preceding its official introduction produces a proleptic calendar, which should be used with some caution. For ordinary purposes, the dates of events occurring prior to 15 October 1582 are generally shown as they appeared in the Julian calen...
570b07e16b8089140040f6f9
What other date is 25 October known for, that keeps the Battle of Agincourt on 25 October,1415?
Saint Crispin's Day
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nExtending the Gregorian calendar backwards to dates preceding its official introduction produces a proleptic calendar, which should be used with some caution. For ordinary purposes, the dates of events occurring prior to 15 October 1582 are generally shown as they appeared in the Julian calen...
570b07e16b8089140040f6fa
In the Julian calendar when is the start of the new year?
1 January
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nExtending the Gregorian calendar backwards to dates preceding its official introduction produces a proleptic calendar, which should be used with some caution. For ordinary purposes, the dates of events occurring prior to 15 October 1582 are generally shown as they appeared in the Julian calen...
570b0c33ec8fbc190045b80a
Why would a knuckle -space count be used to determine months?
language-independent
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nA language-independent alternative used in many countries is to hold up one's two fists with the index knuckle of the left hand against the index knuckle of the right hand. Then, starting with January from the little knuckle of the left hand, count knuckle, space, knuckle, space through the m...
570b0c33ec8fbc190045b80b
A knuckle count is a month of how many days?
31
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nA language-independent alternative used in many countries is to hold up one's two fists with the index knuckle of the left hand against the index knuckle of the right hand. Then, starting with January from the little knuckle of the left hand, count knuckle, space, knuckle, space through the m...
570b0c33ec8fbc190045b80c
The space between knuckles is what kind of month?
short month
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nA language-independent alternative used in many countries is to hold up one's two fists with the index knuckle of the left hand against the index knuckle of the right hand. Then, starting with January from the little knuckle of the left hand, count knuckle, space, knuckle, space through the m...
570b0c33ec8fbc190045b80d
What are held together for a knuckle-space month count?
one's two fists
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nA language-independent alternative used in many countries is to hold up one's two fists with the index knuckle of the left hand against the index knuckle of the right hand. Then, starting with January from the little knuckle of the left hand, count knuckle, space, knuckle, space through the m...
570b0e40ec8fbc190045b812
How many parts did the Gregorian calendar reform have?
two parts
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nThe Gregorian reform contained two parts: a reform of the Julian calendar as used prior to Pope Gregory XIII's time and a reform of the lunar cycle used by the Church, with the Julian calendar, to calculate the date of Easter. The reform was a modification of a proposal made by Aloysius Liliu...
570b0e40ec8fbc190045b813
What was the first reform concerning the calendar?
Julian calendar
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nThe Gregorian reform contained two parts: a reform of the Julian calendar as used prior to Pope Gregory XIII's time and a reform of the lunar cycle used by the Church, with the Julian calendar, to calculate the date of Easter. The reform was a modification of a proposal made by Aloysius Liliu...
570b0e40ec8fbc190045b814
What was the second reform of the calendar?
lunar cycle
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nThe Gregorian reform contained two parts: a reform of the Julian calendar as used prior to Pope Gregory XIII's time and a reform of the lunar cycle used by the Church, with the Julian calendar, to calculate the date of Easter. The reform was a modification of a proposal made by Aloysius Liliu...
570b0e40ec8fbc190045b815
What was calculated using the lunar calendar?
date of Easter
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nThe Gregorian reform contained two parts: a reform of the Julian calendar as used prior to Pope Gregory XIII's time and a reform of the lunar cycle used by the Church, with the Julian calendar, to calculate the date of Easter. The reform was a modification of a proposal made by Aloysius Liliu...
570b0e40ec8fbc190045b816
What did Lilius's calendar plan to reduce in every 400 years?
number of leap years
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nThe Gregorian reform contained two parts: a reform of the Julian calendar as used prior to Pope Gregory XIII's time and a reform of the lunar cycle used by the Church, with the Julian calendar, to calculate the date of Easter. The reform was a modification of a proposal made by Aloysius Liliu...
570b1e506b8089140040f732
What calendar did Turkey use before 1917 for general purposes?
lunar Islamic
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nPrior to 1917, Turkey used the lunar Islamic calendar with the Hegira era for general purposes and the Julian calendar for fiscal purposes. The start of the fiscal year was eventually fixed at 1 March and the year number was roughly equivalent to the Hegira year (see Rumi calendar). As the so...
570b1e506b8089140040f733
What calendar did Turkey utilize for fiscal purposes?
Julian
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nPrior to 1917, Turkey used the lunar Islamic calendar with the Hegira era for general purposes and the Julian calendar for fiscal purposes. The start of the fiscal year was eventually fixed at 1 March and the year number was roughly equivalent to the Hegira year (see Rumi calendar). As the so...
570b1e506b8089140040f734
Where did Turkey start the fiscal year?
1 March
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nPrior to 1917, Turkey used the lunar Islamic calendar with the Hegira era for general purposes and the Julian calendar for fiscal purposes. The start of the fiscal year was eventually fixed at 1 March and the year number was roughly equivalent to the Hegira year (see Rumi calendar). As the so...
570b1e506b8089140040f735
When did Turkey begin to use the Gregorian calendar for fiscal means?
1 March 1917
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nPrior to 1917, Turkey used the lunar Islamic calendar with the Hegira era for general purposes and the Julian calendar for fiscal purposes. The start of the fiscal year was eventually fixed at 1 March and the year number was roughly equivalent to the Hegira year (see Rumi calendar). As the so...
570b1e506b8089140040f736
When did Turkey start using the Gregorian calendar for all purposes?
1 January 1926
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nPrior to 1917, Turkey used the lunar Islamic calendar with the Hegira era for general purposes and the Julian calendar for fiscal purposes. The start of the fiscal year was eventually fixed at 1 March and the year number was roughly equivalent to the Hegira year (see Rumi calendar). As the so...
570b20556b8089140040f758
How many days do you subtract to convert days from a calendar?
subtract one day
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nUp to February 28 in the calendar you are converting from add one day less or subtract one day more than the calculated value. Remember to give February the appropriate number of days for the calendar you are converting into. When you are subtracting days to move from Julian to Gregorian be c...
570b20556b8089140040f759
What does one need to remember about the date of February 29 in the Julian calendar?
February 29 is discounted
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nUp to February 28 in the calendar you are converting from add one day less or subtract one day more than the calculated value. Remember to give February the appropriate number of days for the calendar you are converting into. When you are subtracting days to move from Julian to Gregorian be c...
570b20556b8089140040f75a
If you need a date of four days less, what do you subtract from the Julian calendar?
-4
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nUp to February 28 in the calendar you are converting from add one day less or subtract one day more than the calculated value. Remember to give February the appropriate number of days for the calendar you are converting into. When you are subtracting days to move from Julian to Gregorian be c...
570b2260ec8fbc190045b854
What is the difference in time between the calendars?
10 minutes 48 seconds
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nIn addition to the change in the mean length of the calendar year from 365.25 days (365 days 6 hours) to 365.2425 days (365 days 5 hours 49 minutes 12 seconds), a reduction of 10 minutes 48 seconds per year, the Gregorian calendar reform also dealt with the accumulated difference between thes...
570b2260ec8fbc190045b855
With what other difference did the Gregorian calendar concern itself?
accumulated difference
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nIn addition to the change in the mean length of the calendar year from 365.25 days (365 days 6 hours) to 365.2425 days (365 days 5 hours 49 minutes 12 seconds), a reduction of 10 minutes 48 seconds per year, the Gregorian calendar reform also dealt with the accumulated difference between thes...
570b2260ec8fbc190045b856
When was the vernal equinox at the end of the third century?
20 March or 21 March
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nIn addition to the change in the mean length of the calendar year from 365.25 days (365 days 6 hours) to 365.2425 days (365 days 5 hours 49 minutes 12 seconds), a reduction of 10 minutes 48 seconds per year, the Gregorian calendar reform also dealt with the accumulated difference between thes...
570b2260ec8fbc190045b857
In order to account for the full moon coming after the equinox, when was the equinox set?
22 March
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nIn addition to the change in the mean length of the calendar year from 365.25 days (365 days 6 hours) to 365.2425 days (365 days 5 hours 49 minutes 12 seconds), a reduction of 10 minutes 48 seconds per year, the Gregorian calendar reform also dealt with the accumulated difference between thes...
570b2260ec8fbc190045b858
How did the Gregorian calendar set these same of the full moon not preceding Easterconditions?
removing ten days
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nIn addition to the change in the mean length of the calendar year from 365.25 days (365 days 6 hours) to 365.2425 days (365 days 5 hours 49 minutes 12 seconds), a reduction of 10 minutes 48 seconds per year, the Gregorian calendar reform also dealt with the accumulated difference between thes...
570b241bec8fbc190045b85e
When did the Council of Trent agree to the corrected calendar?
1563
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nThe Council of Trent approved a plan in 1563 for correcting the calendrical errors, requiring that the date of the vernal equinox be restored to that which it held at the time of the First Council of Nicaea in 325 and that an alteration to the calendar be designed to prevent future drift. Thi...
570b241bec8fbc190045b85f
To what time did the Council require the date of the vernal equinox to be set?
325
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nThe Council of Trent approved a plan in 1563 for correcting the calendrical errors, requiring that the date of the vernal equinox be restored to that which it held at the time of the First Council of Nicaea in 325 and that an alteration to the calendar be designed to prevent future drift. Thi...
570b241bec8fbc190045b860
What did mathematicians of the time want to use to set the date of Easter?
motions of the sun and moon
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nThe Council of Trent approved a plan in 1563 for correcting the calendrical errors, requiring that the date of the vernal equinox be restored to that which it held at the time of the First Council of Nicaea in 325 and that an alteration to the calendar be designed to prevent future drift. Thi...
570b241bec8fbc190045b861
What method was used instead of computations of the sun and moon?
tabular method
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nThe Council of Trent approved a plan in 1563 for correcting the calendrical errors, requiring that the date of the vernal equinox be restored to that which it held at the time of the First Council of Nicaea in 325 and that an alteration to the calendar be designed to prevent future drift. Thi...
570b241bec8fbc190045b862
Whose modified proposal was adopted?
Aloysius Lilius
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nThe Council of Trent approved a plan in 1563 for correcting the calendrical errors, requiring that the date of the vernal equinox be restored to that which it held at the time of the First Council of Nicaea in 325 and that an alteration to the calendar be designed to prevent future drift. Thi...
570b2597ec8fbc190045b872
When were the rights to publish the calendar granted?
3 April 1582
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nA month after having decreed the reform, the pope with a brief of 3 April 1582 granted to Antonio Lilio, the brother of Luigi Lilio, the exclusive right to publish the calendar for a period of ten years. The Lunario Novo secondo la nuova riforma printed by Vincenzo Accolti, one of the first c...
570b2597ec8fbc190045b873
Who awarded the rights to publish the calendar?
the pope
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nA month after having decreed the reform, the pope with a brief of 3 April 1582 granted to Antonio Lilio, the brother of Luigi Lilio, the exclusive right to publish the calendar for a period of ten years. The Lunario Novo secondo la nuova riforma printed by Vincenzo Accolti, one of the first c...
570b2597ec8fbc190045b874
What problem caused the papal brief granting the right to publish to be withdrawn?
demand for copies
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nA month after having decreed the reform, the pope with a brief of 3 April 1582 granted to Antonio Lilio, the brother of Luigi Lilio, the exclusive right to publish the calendar for a period of ten years. The Lunario Novo secondo la nuova riforma printed by Vincenzo Accolti, one of the first c...
570b2597ec8fbc190045b875
When were the rights to print the calendar withdrawn?
20 September 1582
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nA month after having decreed the reform, the pope with a brief of 3 April 1582 granted to Antonio Lilio, the brother of Luigi Lilio, the exclusive right to publish the calendar for a period of ten years. The Lunario Novo secondo la nuova riforma printed by Vincenzo Accolti, one of the first c...
570b2597ec8fbc190045b876
Where were the first calendars printed?
Rome
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nA month after having decreed the reform, the pope with a brief of 3 April 1582 granted to Antonio Lilio, the brother of Luigi Lilio, the exclusive right to publish the calendar for a period of ten years. The Lunario Novo secondo la nuova riforma printed by Vincenzo Accolti, one of the first c...
570b27286b8089140040f79a
What year did the Roman Republic use for dates?
consular year
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nThe year used in dates during the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire was the consular year, which began on the day when consuls first entered office—probably 1 May before 222 BC, 15 March from 222 BC and 1 January from 153 BC. The Julian calendar, which began in 45 BC, continued to use 1 Jan...
570b27286b8089140040f79b
What event started the consular year?
consuls first entered office
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nThe year used in dates during the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire was the consular year, which began on the day when consuls first entered office—probably 1 May before 222 BC, 15 March from 222 BC and 1 January from 153 BC. The Julian calendar, which began in 45 BC, continued to use 1 Jan...
570b27286b8089140040f79c
What was the date of the consular year before 222 BC?
1 May
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nThe year used in dates during the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire was the consular year, which began on the day when consuls first entered office—probably 1 May before 222 BC, 15 March from 222 BC and 1 January from 153 BC. The Julian calendar, which began in 45 BC, continued to use 1 Jan...
570b27286b8089140040f79d
What was the date of the start of the consular year from 222 BC?
15 March
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nThe year used in dates during the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire was the consular year, which began on the day when consuls first entered office—probably 1 May before 222 BC, 15 March from 222 BC and 1 January from 153 BC. The Julian calendar, which began in 45 BC, continued to use 1 Jan...
570b27286b8089140040f79e
When did Rome begin to use the Julian calendar?
45 BC
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nThe year used in dates during the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire was the consular year, which began on the day when consuls first entered office—probably 1 May before 222 BC, 15 March from 222 BC and 1 January from 153 BC. The Julian calendar, which began in 45 BC, continued to use 1 Jan...
570b28ab6b8089140040f7a4
What other system of calculations are inherent in the Gregorian calendar?
system of weeks
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nIn conjunction with the system of months there is a system of weeks. A physical or electronic calendar provides conversion from a given date to the weekday, and shows multiple dates for a given weekday and month. Calculating the day of the week is not very simple, because of the irregularitie...
570b28ab6b8089140040f7a5
Why is calculating the days of the Gregorian calendar not simple?
irregularities
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nIn conjunction with the system of months there is a system of weeks. A physical or electronic calendar provides conversion from a given date to the weekday, and shows multiple dates for a given weekday and month. Calculating the day of the week is not very simple, because of the irregularitie...
570b28ab6b8089140040f7a6
After each country adopted the calendar how did the weekly cycle continue?
uninterrupted
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nIn conjunction with the system of months there is a system of weeks. A physical or electronic calendar provides conversion from a given date to the weekday, and shows multiple dates for a given weekday and month. Calculating the day of the week is not very simple, because of the irregularitie...
570b28ab6b8089140040f7a7
What was the date of adoption for the calendar?
Friday, 15 October 1582
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nIn conjunction with the system of months there is a system of weeks. A physical or electronic calendar provides conversion from a given date to the weekday, and shows multiple dates for a given weekday and month. Calculating the day of the week is not very simple, because of the irregularitie...
570b28ab6b8089140040f7a8
What was the previous day's date by the Julian calendar?
Thursday, 4 October 1582
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nIn conjunction with the system of months there is a system of weeks. A physical or electronic calendar provides conversion from a given date to the weekday, and shows multiple dates for a given weekday and month. Calculating the day of the week is not very simple, because of the irregularitie...
570b2a686b8089140040f7b8
Who thought that the seasonal drift in the date of Easter unacceptable?
Roman Catholic Church
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nBecause the spring equinox was tied to the date of Easter, the Roman Catholic Church considered the seasonal drift in the date of Easter undesirable. The Church of Alexandria celebrated Easter on the Sunday after the 14th day of the moon (computed using the Metonic cycle) that falls on or aft...
570b2a686b8089140040f7b9
What even is tired to the date for Easter?
spring equinox
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nBecause the spring equinox was tied to the date of Easter, the Roman Catholic Church considered the seasonal drift in the date of Easter undesirable. The Church of Alexandria celebrated Easter on the Sunday after the 14th day of the moon (computed using the Metonic cycle) that falls on or aft...
570b2a686b8089140040f7ba
What did the Church of Alexandria use to calculate the date of Easter?
Metonic cycle
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nBecause the spring equinox was tied to the date of Easter, the Roman Catholic Church considered the seasonal drift in the date of Easter undesirable. The Church of Alexandria celebrated Easter on the Sunday after the 14th day of the moon (computed using the Metonic cycle) that falls on or aft...
570b2a686b8089140040f7bb
Where did the Church of Alexandria place the vernal equinox?
21 March
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nBecause the spring equinox was tied to the date of Easter, the Roman Catholic Church considered the seasonal drift in the date of Easter undesirable. The Church of Alexandria celebrated Easter on the Sunday after the 14th day of the moon (computed using the Metonic cycle) that falls on or aft...
570b2a686b8089140040f7bc
Until 342 when did the Church of Rome think the vernal equinox fell?
25 March
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nBecause the spring equinox was tied to the date of Easter, the Roman Catholic Church considered the seasonal drift in the date of Easter undesirable. The Church of Alexandria celebrated Easter on the Sunday after the 14th day of the moon (computed using the Metonic cycle) that falls on or aft...
570b2c16ec8fbc190045b8ae
Who was the architect of the Gregorian calendar?
Christopher Clavius
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nAncient tables provided the sun's mean longitude. Christopher Clavius, the architect of the Gregorian calendar, noted that the tables agreed neither on the time when the sun passed through the vernal equinox nor on the length of the mean tropical year. Tycho Brahe also noticed discrepancies. ...
570b2c16ec8fbc190045b8af
What did the architects of the calendar notice about the astronomical tables?
discrepancies
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nAncient tables provided the sun's mean longitude. Christopher Clavius, the architect of the Gregorian calendar, noted that the tables agreed neither on the time when the sun passed through the vernal equinox nor on the length of the mean tropical year. Tycho Brahe also noticed discrepancies. ...
570b2c16ec8fbc190045b8b0
Whose solution to the discrepancies of the tables would have been agreeable to astronomers?
Petrus Pitatus
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nAncient tables provided the sun's mean longitude. Christopher Clavius, the architect of the Gregorian calendar, noted that the tables agreed neither on the time when the sun passed through the vernal equinox nor on the length of the mean tropical year. Tycho Brahe also noticed discrepancies. ...
570b2c16ec8fbc190045b8b1
When did Pitatus offer his solution to the leap year problem?
1560
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nAncient tables provided the sun's mean longitude. Christopher Clavius, the architect of the Gregorian calendar, noted that the tables agreed neither on the time when the sun passed through the vernal equinox nor on the length of the mean tropical year. Tycho Brahe also noticed discrepancies. ...
570b2c16ec8fbc190045b8b2
What is the theory about leap year called?
Gregorian leap year rule
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nAncient tables provided the sun's mean longitude. Christopher Clavius, the architect of the Gregorian calendar, noted that the tables agreed neither on the time when the sun passed through the vernal equinox nor on the length of the mean tropical year. Tycho Brahe also noticed discrepancies. ...
570b2dd76b8089140040f7d4
What designation was added to British dates to differentiate them from countries not using the new calendar?
"Old Style" (OS) and "New Style"
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\n\"Old Style\" (OS) and \"New Style\" (NS) are sometimes added to dates to identify which system is used in the British Empire and other countries that did not immediately change. Because the Calendar Act of 1750 altered the start of the year, and also aligned the British calendar with the Gre...
570b2dd76b8089140040f7d5
When was the Calendar act enacted?
1750
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\n\"Old Style\" (OS) and \"New Style\" (NS) are sometimes added to dates to identify which system is used in the British Empire and other countries that did not immediately change. Because the Calendar Act of 1750 altered the start of the year, and also aligned the British calendar with the Gre...
570b2dd76b8089140040f7d6
With what did the Calendar Act align the British calendar?
Gregorian calendar
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\n\"Old Style\" (OS) and \"New Style\" (NS) are sometimes added to dates to identify which system is used in the British Empire and other countries that did not immediately change. Because the Calendar Act of 1750 altered the start of the year, and also aligned the British calendar with the Gre...
570b2dd76b8089140040f7d7
What did the use of Old Style and New Style cause?
confusion
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\n\"Old Style\" (OS) and \"New Style\" (NS) are sometimes added to dates to identify which system is used in the British Empire and other countries that did not immediately change. Because the Calendar Act of 1750 altered the start of the year, and also aligned the British calendar with the Gre...
570b2dd76b8089140040f7d8
What law did the British make to cause the use of the Gregorian calendar?
Calendar Act of 1750
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\n\"Old Style\" (OS) and \"New Style\" (NS) are sometimes added to dates to identify which system is used in the British Empire and other countries that did not immediately change. Because the Calendar Act of 1750 altered the start of the year, and also aligned the British calendar with the Gre...
570b2f5e6b8089140040f7e8
The Gregorian calendar is an improvement over what other calendar?
Julian
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nThe Gregorian calendar improves the approximation made by the Julian calendar by skipping three Julian leap days in every 400 years, giving an average year of 365.2425 mean solar days long. This approximation has an error of about one day per 3,300 years with respect to the mean tropical year...
570b2f5e6b8089140040f7e9
How many days must be skipped to align the calendar with mean solar days in a year?
three Julian leap days
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nThe Gregorian calendar improves the approximation made by the Julian calendar by skipping three Julian leap days in every 400 years, giving an average year of 365.2425 mean solar days long. This approximation has an error of about one day per 3,300 years with respect to the mean tropical year...
570b2f5e6b8089140040f7ea
What is the approximate error for every 3,300 years?
one day
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nThe Gregorian calendar improves the approximation made by the Julian calendar by skipping three Julian leap days in every 400 years, giving an average year of 365.2425 mean solar days long. This approximation has an error of about one day per 3,300 years with respect to the mean tropical year...
570b2f5e6b8089140040f7eb
What is the error rate of the vernal equinox per every 7,700 years?
1 day
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nThe Gregorian calendar improves the approximation made by the Julian calendar by skipping three Julian leap days in every 400 years, giving an average year of 365.2425 mean solar days long. This approximation has an error of about one day per 3,300 years with respect to the mean tropical year...
570b2f5e6b8089140040f7ec
What was the error rate in the Julian calendar?
1 day in 128 years
[ "Gregorian_calendar\n\nThe Gregorian calendar improves the approximation made by the Julian calendar by skipping three Julian leap days in every 400 years, giving an average year of 365.2425 mean solar days long. This approximation has an error of about one day per 3,300 years with respect to the mean tropical year...
570b1d3d6b8089140040f71e
What Microsoft executive was in charge of 360 development?
J Allard
[ "Xbox_360\n\nKnown during development as Xbox Next, Xenon, Xbox 2, Xbox FS or NextBox, the Xbox 360 was conceived in early 2003. In February 2003, planning for the Xenon software platform began, and was headed by Microsoft's Vice President J Allard. That month, Microsoft held an event for 400 developers in Bellevue...
570b1d3d6b8089140040f71f
What manufacturer was enlisted to design the 360's graphics processor?
ATI
[ "Xbox_360\n\nKnown during development as Xbox Next, Xenon, Xbox 2, Xbox FS or NextBox, the Xbox 360 was conceived in early 2003. In February 2003, planning for the Xenon software platform began, and was headed by Microsoft's Vice President J Allard. That month, Microsoft held an event for 400 developers in Bellevue...