id stringlengths 24 24 | question stringlengths 1 270 | answer stringlengths 1 239 | documents listlengths 1 1 |
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570b03246b8089140040f6d0 | In what year was Hugh Wood born? | 1932 | [
"Lancashire\n\nMore recent Lancashire-born composers include Hugh Wood (1932- Parbold), Sir Peter Maxwell Davies (1934-, Salford), Sir Harrison Birtwistle (1934-, Accrington), Gordon Crosse (1937-, Bury),John McCabe (1939-2015, Huyton), Roger Smalley (1943-2015, Swinton), Nigel Osborne (1948-, Manchester), Steve Ma... |
570b03246b8089140040f6d1 | Where was Sir Peter Maxwell Davies born? | Salford | [
"Lancashire\n\nMore recent Lancashire-born composers include Hugh Wood (1932- Parbold), Sir Peter Maxwell Davies (1934-, Salford), Sir Harrison Birtwistle (1934-, Accrington), Gordon Crosse (1937-, Bury),John McCabe (1939-2015, Huyton), Roger Smalley (1943-2015, Swinton), Nigel Osborne (1948-, Manchester), Steve Ma... |
570b03246b8089140040f6d2 | When was the Royal Manchester College of Music founded? | 1893 | [
"Lancashire\n\nMore recent Lancashire-born composers include Hugh Wood (1932- Parbold), Sir Peter Maxwell Davies (1934-, Salford), Sir Harrison Birtwistle (1934-, Accrington), Gordon Crosse (1937-, Bury),John McCabe (1939-2015, Huyton), Roger Smalley (1943-2015, Swinton), Nigel Osborne (1948-, Manchester), Steve Ma... |
570b03246b8089140040f6d3 | When was the Royal Northern College of Music formed? | 1972 | [
"Lancashire\n\nMore recent Lancashire-born composers include Hugh Wood (1932- Parbold), Sir Peter Maxwell Davies (1934-, Salford), Sir Harrison Birtwistle (1934-, Accrington), Gordon Crosse (1937-, Bury),John McCabe (1939-2015, Huyton), Roger Smalley (1943-2015, Swinton), Nigel Osborne (1948-, Manchester), Steve Ma... |
570b03246b8089140040f6d4 | What did the Royal Manchester College of Music merge with? | the Northern College of Music | [
"Lancashire\n\nMore recent Lancashire-born composers include Hugh Wood (1932- Parbold), Sir Peter Maxwell Davies (1934-, Salford), Sir Harrison Birtwistle (1934-, Accrington), Gordon Crosse (1937-, Bury),John McCabe (1939-2015, Huyton), Roger Smalley (1943-2015, Swinton), Nigel Osborne (1948-, Manchester), Steve Ma... |
570ac45d4103511400d599b2 | What era was 250 million to 247 million years ago? | Early Triassic | [
"Mesozoic\n\nThe Early Triassic was between 250 million to 247 million years ago and was dominated by deserts as Pangaea had not yet broken up, thus the interior was nothing but arid. The Earth had just witnessed a massive die-off in which 95% of all life went extinct. The most common life on earth were Lystrosauru... |
570ac45d4103511400d599b3 | What geologic climate was found in the Early Triassic? | deserts | [
"Mesozoic\n\nThe Early Triassic was between 250 million to 247 million years ago and was dominated by deserts as Pangaea had not yet broken up, thus the interior was nothing but arid. The Earth had just witnessed a massive die-off in which 95% of all life went extinct. The most common life on earth were Lystrosauru... |
570ac45d4103511400d599b4 | What landmass was still unbroken in the Early Triassic? | Pangaea | [
"Mesozoic\n\nThe Early Triassic was between 250 million to 247 million years ago and was dominated by deserts as Pangaea had not yet broken up, thus the interior was nothing but arid. The Earth had just witnessed a massive die-off in which 95% of all life went extinct. The most common life on earth were Lystrosauru... |
570ac45d4103511400d599b5 | What percentage of extinction of species had recently happened?? | 95% | [
"Mesozoic\n\nThe Early Triassic was between 250 million to 247 million years ago and was dominated by deserts as Pangaea had not yet broken up, thus the interior was nothing but arid. The Earth had just witnessed a massive die-off in which 95% of all life went extinct. The most common life on earth were Lystrosauru... |
570ac45d4103511400d599b6 | What species had evolved after the extinction and would become the basic predator in the Triassic? | Temnospondyli | [
"Mesozoic\n\nThe Early Triassic was between 250 million to 247 million years ago and was dominated by deserts as Pangaea had not yet broken up, thus the interior was nothing but arid. The Earth had just witnessed a massive die-off in which 95% of all life went extinct. The most common life on earth were Lystrosauru... |
570ac6156d058f19001830dc | What event produced further adaptations during the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods? | climatic changes | [
"Mesozoic\n\nThe climatic changes of the late Jurassic and Cretaceous provided for further adaptive radiation. The Jurassic was the height of archosaur diversity, and the first birds and eutherian mammals also appeared. Angiosperms radiated sometime in the early Cretaceous, first in the tropics, but the even temper... |
570ac6156d058f19001830dd | When was the top of archosaur diversity? | Jurassic | [
"Mesozoic\n\nThe climatic changes of the late Jurassic and Cretaceous provided for further adaptive radiation. The Jurassic was the height of archosaur diversity, and the first birds and eutherian mammals also appeared. Angiosperms radiated sometime in the early Cretaceous, first in the tropics, but the even temper... |
570ac6156d058f19001830de | What species spread towards the poles during the Jurassic? | Angiosperms | [
"Mesozoic\n\nThe climatic changes of the late Jurassic and Cretaceous provided for further adaptive radiation. The Jurassic was the height of archosaur diversity, and the first birds and eutherian mammals also appeared. Angiosperms radiated sometime in the early Cretaceous, first in the tropics, but the even temper... |
570ac6156d058f19001830df | What species dominated many tree floras by the end of the Cretaceous period? | angiosperms | [
"Mesozoic\n\nThe climatic changes of the late Jurassic and Cretaceous provided for further adaptive radiation. The Jurassic was the height of archosaur diversity, and the first birds and eutherian mammals also appeared. Angiosperms radiated sometime in the early Cretaceous, first in the tropics, but the even temper... |
570ac6156d058f19001830e0 | What types of species are thought to still have been dominate until after the extinction? | cycad and ferns | [
"Mesozoic\n\nThe climatic changes of the late Jurassic and Cretaceous provided for further adaptive radiation. The Jurassic was the height of archosaur diversity, and the first birds and eutherian mammals also appeared. Angiosperms radiated sometime in the early Cretaceous, first in the tropics, but the even temper... |
570ac8206d058f19001830e6 | What event sets the boundary for the Triassic? | Permian–Triassic extinction | [
"Mesozoic\n\nThe lower (Triassic) boundary is set by the Permian–Triassic extinction event, during which approximately 90% to 96% of marine species and 70% of terrestrial vertebrates became extinct. It is also known as the \"Great Dying\" because it is considered the largest mass extinction in the Earth's history. ... |
570ac8206d058f19001830e7 | What percentage of marine life died during the extinction? | 90% to 96% | [
"Mesozoic\n\nThe lower (Triassic) boundary is set by the Permian–Triassic extinction event, during which approximately 90% to 96% of marine species and 70% of terrestrial vertebrates became extinct. It is also known as the \"Great Dying\" because it is considered the largest mass extinction in the Earth's history. ... |
570ac8206d058f19001830e8 | How many terrestrial species died during the extinction? | 70% | [
"Mesozoic\n\nThe lower (Triassic) boundary is set by the Permian–Triassic extinction event, during which approximately 90% to 96% of marine species and 70% of terrestrial vertebrates became extinct. It is also known as the \"Great Dying\" because it is considered the largest mass extinction in the Earth's history. ... |
570ac8206d058f19001830e9 | What is the largest extinction of species in Earth's history known as? | Great Dying | [
"Mesozoic\n\nThe lower (Triassic) boundary is set by the Permian–Triassic extinction event, during which approximately 90% to 96% of marine species and 70% of terrestrial vertebrates became extinct. It is also known as the \"Great Dying\" because it is considered the largest mass extinction in the Earth's history. ... |
570ac8206d058f19001830ea | What is the possible cause of the upper Cretaceous extinction event ? | K–Pg) extinction | [
"Mesozoic\n\nThe lower (Triassic) boundary is set by the Permian–Triassic extinction event, during which approximately 90% to 96% of marine species and 70% of terrestrial vertebrates became extinct. It is also known as the \"Great Dying\" because it is considered the largest mass extinction in the Earth's history. ... |
570aca224103511400d599e4 | What is the span of the Late Cretaceous period? | 100 million to 65 million years | [
"Mesozoic\n\nThe Late Cretaceous spans from 100 million to 65 million years ago. The Late Cretaceous featured a cooling trend that would continue on in the Cenozoic period. Eventually, tropics were restricted to the equator and areas beyond the tropic lines featured extreme seasonal changes in weather. Dinosaurs st... |
570aca224103511400d599e5 | What weather trend ocured in the Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic periods? | cooling | [
"Mesozoic\n\nThe Late Cretaceous spans from 100 million to 65 million years ago. The Late Cretaceous featured a cooling trend that would continue on in the Cenozoic period. Eventually, tropics were restricted to the equator and areas beyond the tropic lines featured extreme seasonal changes in weather. Dinosaurs st... |
570aca224103511400d599e6 | What climate was restricted to the equatorial areas? | tropics | [
"Mesozoic\n\nThe Late Cretaceous spans from 100 million to 65 million years ago. The Late Cretaceous featured a cooling trend that would continue on in the Cenozoic period. Eventually, tropics were restricted to the equator and areas beyond the tropic lines featured extreme seasonal changes in weather. Dinosaurs st... |
570aca224103511400d599e7 | What type of weather changes did areas outside of the tropics experience? | extreme seasonal changes | [
"Mesozoic\n\nThe Late Cretaceous spans from 100 million to 65 million years ago. The Late Cretaceous featured a cooling trend that would continue on in the Cenozoic period. Eventually, tropics were restricted to the equator and areas beyond the tropic lines featured extreme seasonal changes in weather. Dinosaurs st... |
570aca224103511400d599e8 | What event ended the age of the dinosaur by causing a 75% extinction? | K-T Extinction | [
"Mesozoic\n\nThe Late Cretaceous spans from 100 million to 65 million years ago. The Late Cretaceous featured a cooling trend that would continue on in the Cenozoic period. Eventually, tropics were restricted to the equator and areas beyond the tropic lines featured extreme seasonal changes in weather. Dinosaurs st... |
570acc2d4103511400d59a08 | What is uncertain about the Cretaceous? | climate | [
"Mesozoic\n\nThe climate of the Cretaceous is less certain and more widely disputed. Higher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are thought to have caused the world temperature gradient from north to south to become almost flat: temperatures were about the same across the planet. Average temperatures were al... |
570acc2d4103511400d59a09 | What atmospheric gas caused temperatures levels to be 10 degrees higher than today? | carbon dioxide | [
"Mesozoic\n\nThe climate of the Cretaceous is less certain and more widely disputed. Higher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are thought to have caused the world temperature gradient from north to south to become almost flat: temperatures were about the same across the planet. Average temperatures were al... |
570acc2d4103511400d59a0a | What was about equal across the planet? | temperatures | [
"Mesozoic\n\nThe climate of the Cretaceous is less certain and more widely disputed. Higher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are thought to have caused the world temperature gradient from north to south to become almost flat: temperatures were about the same across the planet. Average temperatures were al... |
570acc2d4103511400d59a0b | During the Cretaceous what climate was thought to be found in areas near the seas? | deserts | [
"Mesozoic\n\nThe climate of the Cretaceous is less certain and more widely disputed. Higher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are thought to have caused the world temperature gradient from north to south to become almost flat: temperatures were about the same across the planet. Average temperatures were al... |
570acc2d4103511400d59a0c | What did large amounts of deposited un-decomposed organic matter later become? | black shale | [
"Mesozoic\n\nThe climate of the Cretaceous is less certain and more widely disputed. Higher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are thought to have caused the world temperature gradient from north to south to become almost flat: temperatures were about the same across the planet. Average temperatures were al... |
570ace2c4103511400d59a1a | What was the span of the Late Triassic? | 237 million to 200 million years | [
"Mesozoic\n\nThe Late Triassic spans from 237 million to 200 million years ago. Following the bloom of the Middle Triassic, the Late Triassic featured frequent heat spells, as well as moderate precipitation (10-20 inches per year). The recent warming led to a boom of reptilian evolution on land as the first true di... |
570ace2c4103511400d59a1b | Besides moderate precipitation, what weather conditions did the Late Triassic have? | heat spells | [
"Mesozoic\n\nThe Late Triassic spans from 237 million to 200 million years ago. Following the bloom of the Middle Triassic, the Late Triassic featured frequent heat spells, as well as moderate precipitation (10-20 inches per year). The recent warming led to a boom of reptilian evolution on land as the first true di... |
570ace2c4103511400d59a1c | When did the first dinosaurs evolve? | Triassic | [
"Mesozoic\n\nThe Late Triassic spans from 237 million to 200 million years ago. Following the bloom of the Middle Triassic, the Late Triassic featured frequent heat spells, as well as moderate precipitation (10-20 inches per year). The recent warming led to a boom of reptilian evolution on land as the first true di... |
570ace2c4103511400d59a1d | According to theory, what did climate change in the Late Triassic cause? | Triassic-Jurassic extinction | [
"Mesozoic\n\nThe Late Triassic spans from 237 million to 200 million years ago. Following the bloom of the Middle Triassic, the Late Triassic featured frequent heat spells, as well as moderate precipitation (10-20 inches per year). The recent warming led to a boom of reptilian evolution on land as the first true di... |
570ace2c4103511400d59a1e | What was the only archosaur to survive the fourth mass extinction? | crocodiles | [
"Mesozoic\n\nThe Late Triassic spans from 237 million to 200 million years ago. Following the bloom of the Middle Triassic, the Late Triassic featured frequent heat spells, as well as moderate precipitation (10-20 inches per year). The recent warming led to a boom of reptilian evolution on land as the first true di... |
570acf964103511400d59a24 | What is the span of the Early Cretaceous? | 145 million to 100 million years | [
"Mesozoic\n\nThe Early Cretaceous spans from 145 million to 100 million years ago. The Early Cretaceous saw the expansion of seaways, and as a result, the decline and extinction of sauropods (except in South America). Many coastal shallows were created, and that caused Ichthyosaurs to die out. Mosasaurs evolved to ... |
570acf964103511400d59a25 | What event of the Early Cretaceous caused the extinction of several species? | expansion of seaways | [
"Mesozoic\n\nThe Early Cretaceous spans from 145 million to 100 million years ago. The Early Cretaceous saw the expansion of seaways, and as a result, the decline and extinction of sauropods (except in South America). Many coastal shallows were created, and that caused Ichthyosaurs to die out. Mosasaurs evolved to ... |
570acf964103511400d59a26 | What species died out due to the expansion of coastal shallows? | Ichthyosaurs | [
"Mesozoic\n\nThe Early Cretaceous spans from 145 million to 100 million years ago. The Early Cretaceous saw the expansion of seaways, and as a result, the decline and extinction of sauropods (except in South America). Many coastal shallows were created, and that caused Ichthyosaurs to die out. Mosasaurs evolved to ... |
570acf964103511400d59a27 | What species dominated the seas? | Mosasaurs | [
"Mesozoic\n\nThe Early Cretaceous spans from 145 million to 100 million years ago. The Early Cretaceous saw the expansion of seaways, and as a result, the decline and extinction of sauropods (except in South America). Many coastal shallows were created, and that caused Ichthyosaurs to die out. Mosasaurs evolved to ... |
570acf964103511400d59a28 | What dinosaur spread to every continent? | Iguanodon | [
"Mesozoic\n\nThe Early Cretaceous spans from 145 million to 100 million years ago. The Early Cretaceous saw the expansion of seaways, and as a result, the decline and extinction of sauropods (except in South America). Many coastal shallows were created, and that caused Ichthyosaurs to die out. Mosasaurs evolved to ... |
570ad1354103511400d59a34 | What caused the sea to rise during the Jurassic? | increase in seafloor | [
"Mesozoic\n\nSea levels began to rise during the Jurassic, which was probably caused by an increase in seafloor spreading. The formation of new crust beneath the surface displaced ocean waters by as much as 200 m (656 ft) more than today, which flooded coastal areas. Furthermore, Pangaea began to rift into smaller ... |
570ad1354103511400d59a35 | Rising seas and displaced waters caused what element along the coasts? | flooded coastal areas | [
"Mesozoic\n\nSea levels began to rise during the Jurassic, which was probably caused by an increase in seafloor spreading. The formation of new crust beneath the surface displaced ocean waters by as much as 200 m (656 ft) more than today, which flooded coastal areas. Furthermore, Pangaea began to rift into smaller ... |
570ad1354103511400d59a36 | Pangaea beginning to break apart created what new sea? | Tethys Sea | [
"Mesozoic\n\nSea levels began to rise during the Jurassic, which was probably caused by an increase in seafloor spreading. The formation of new crust beneath the surface displaced ocean waters by as much as 200 m (656 ft) more than today, which flooded coastal areas. Furthermore, Pangaea began to rift into smaller ... |
570ad1354103511400d59a37 | What weather condition increased? | Temperatures | [
"Mesozoic\n\nSea levels began to rise during the Jurassic, which was probably caused by an increase in seafloor spreading. The formation of new crust beneath the surface displaced ocean waters by as much as 200 m (656 ft) more than today, which flooded coastal areas. Furthermore, Pangaea began to rift into smaller ... |
570ad1354103511400d59a38 | As humidity increased what land area decreased? | deserts | [
"Mesozoic\n\nSea levels began to rise during the Jurassic, which was probably caused by an increase in seafloor spreading. The formation of new crust beneath the surface displaced ocean waters by as much as 200 m (656 ft) more than today, which flooded coastal areas. Furthermore, Pangaea began to rift into smaller ... |
570ad7b26d058f190018311a | What is the span of years for the Early Jurassic? | 200 million years to 175 million | [
"Mesozoic\n\nThe Early Jurassic spans from 200 million years to 175 million years ago. The climate was much more humid than the Triassic, and as a result, the world was very tropical. In the oceans, Plesiosaurs, Ichthyosaurs and Ammonites fill waters as the dominant races of the seas. On land, dinosaurs and other r... |
570ad7b26d058f190018311b | What feature of the climate produced a more tropical world? | more humid | [
"Mesozoic\n\nThe Early Jurassic spans from 200 million years to 175 million years ago. The climate was much more humid than the Triassic, and as a result, the world was very tropical. In the oceans, Plesiosaurs, Ichthyosaurs and Ammonites fill waters as the dominant races of the seas. On land, dinosaurs and other r... |
570ad7b26d058f190018311c | Besides Ichthyosaurs and Ammonites, what was the other dominate species in the seas? | Plesiosaurs | [
"Mesozoic\n\nThe Early Jurassic spans from 200 million years to 175 million years ago. The climate was much more humid than the Triassic, and as a result, the world was very tropical. In the oceans, Plesiosaurs, Ichthyosaurs and Ammonites fill waters as the dominant races of the seas. On land, dinosaurs and other r... |
570ad7b26d058f190018311d | What was the highest order of species n land? | Dilophosaurus | [
"Mesozoic\n\nThe Early Jurassic spans from 200 million years to 175 million years ago. The climate was much more humid than the Triassic, and as a result, the world was very tropical. In the oceans, Plesiosaurs, Ichthyosaurs and Ammonites fill waters as the dominant races of the seas. On land, dinosaurs and other r... |
570ad7b26d058f190018311e | What other order evolved during the Jurassic? | true mammals | [
"Mesozoic\n\nThe Early Jurassic spans from 200 million years to 175 million years ago. The climate was much more humid than the Triassic, and as a result, the world was very tropical. In the oceans, Plesiosaurs, Ichthyosaurs and Ammonites fill waters as the dominant races of the seas. On land, dinosaurs and other r... |
570ad9e64103511400d59a9a | At what time was tectonic formation mild? | Mesozoic | [
"Mesozoic\n\nCompared to the vigorous convergent plate mountain-building of the late Paleozoic, Mesozoic tectonic deformation was comparatively mild. The sole major Mesozoic orogeny occurred in what is now the Arctic, creating the Innuitian orogeny, the Brooks Range, the Verkhoyansk and Cherskiy Ranges in Siberia, ... |
570ad9e64103511400d59a9b | Where did the basic geological changes of this period occur? | Arctic | [
"Mesozoic\n\nCompared to the vigorous convergent plate mountain-building of the late Paleozoic, Mesozoic tectonic deformation was comparatively mild. The sole major Mesozoic orogeny occurred in what is now the Arctic, creating the Innuitian orogeny, the Brooks Range, the Verkhoyansk and Cherskiy Ranges in Siberia, ... |
570ad9e64103511400d59a9c | What supercontinent split to form two smaller continents? | Pangaea | [
"Mesozoic\n\nCompared to the vigorous convergent plate mountain-building of the late Paleozoic, Mesozoic tectonic deformation was comparatively mild. The sole major Mesozoic orogeny occurred in what is now the Arctic, creating the Innuitian orogeny, the Brooks Range, the Verkhoyansk and Cherskiy Ranges in Siberia, ... |
570ad9e64103511400d59a9d | What was the northern continent split from Pangaea? | Laurasia | [
"Mesozoic\n\nCompared to the vigorous convergent plate mountain-building of the late Paleozoic, Mesozoic tectonic deformation was comparatively mild. The sole major Mesozoic orogeny occurred in what is now the Arctic, creating the Innuitian orogeny, the Brooks Range, the Verkhoyansk and Cherskiy Ranges in Siberia, ... |
570ad9e64103511400d59a9e | What was Pangaea's southern continent called? | Gondwana | [
"Mesozoic\n\nCompared to the vigorous convergent plate mountain-building of the late Paleozoic, Mesozoic tectonic deformation was comparatively mild. The sole major Mesozoic orogeny occurred in what is now the Arctic, creating the Innuitian orogeny, the Brooks Range, the Verkhoyansk and Cherskiy Ranges in Siberia, ... |
570adc634103511400d59aac | What type of animals took longer to reestablish? | specialized animals | [
"Mesozoic\n\nRecent research indicates that the specialized animals that formed complex ecosystems, with high biodiversity, complex food webs and a variety of niches, took much longer to reestablish, recovery did not begin until the start of the mid-Triassic, 4M to 6M years after the extinction and was not complete... |
570adc644103511400d59aad | When did recovery of these diverse animals begin? | mid-Triassic | [
"Mesozoic\n\nRecent research indicates that the specialized animals that formed complex ecosystems, with high biodiversity, complex food webs and a variety of niches, took much longer to reestablish, recovery did not begin until the start of the mid-Triassic, 4M to 6M years after the extinction and was not complete... |
570adc644103511400d59aae | How long after the Permian-Triassic extinction did animal recovery take to completion? | 30M years | [
"Mesozoic\n\nRecent research indicates that the specialized animals that formed complex ecosystems, with high biodiversity, complex food webs and a variety of niches, took much longer to reestablish, recovery did not begin until the start of the mid-Triassic, 4M to 6M years after the extinction and was not complete... |
570adc644103511400d59aaf | What dominated animal life in the Triassic? | reptiles | [
"Mesozoic\n\nRecent research indicates that the specialized animals that formed complex ecosystems, with high biodiversity, complex food webs and a variety of niches, took much longer to reestablish, recovery did not begin until the start of the mid-Triassic, 4M to 6M years after the extinction and was not complete... |
570adc644103511400d59ab0 | How many years after the extinction did animal recovery begin? | 4M to 6M | [
"Mesozoic\n\nRecent research indicates that the specialized animals that formed complex ecosystems, with high biodiversity, complex food webs and a variety of niches, took much longer to reestablish, recovery did not begin until the start of the mid-Triassic, 4M to 6M years after the extinction and was not complete... |
570ade206d058f1900183136 | At what point did the Mesozoic era begin? | Permian–Triassic extinction | [
"Mesozoic\n\nThe era began in the wake of the Permian–Triassic extinction event, the largest well-documented mass extinction in Earth's history, and ended with the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, another mass extinction which is known for having killed off non-avian dinosaurs, as well as other plant and anim... |
570ade206d058f1900183137 | When did the Mesozoic end? | Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction | [
"Mesozoic\n\nThe era began in the wake of the Permian–Triassic extinction event, the largest well-documented mass extinction in Earth's history, and ended with the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, another mass extinction which is known for having killed off non-avian dinosaurs, as well as other plant and anim... |
570ade206d058f1900183138 | What kind of geologic activity occurred during the Mesozoic? | tectonic | [
"Mesozoic\n\nThe era began in the wake of the Permian–Triassic extinction event, the largest well-documented mass extinction in Earth's history, and ended with the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, another mass extinction which is known for having killed off non-avian dinosaurs, as well as other plant and anim... |
570ade206d058f1900183139 | Besides climate changes, what other important activity occurred during the Mesozoic? | evolutionary | [
"Mesozoic\n\nThe era began in the wake of the Permian–Triassic extinction event, the largest well-documented mass extinction in Earth's history, and ended with the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, another mass extinction which is known for having killed off non-avian dinosaurs, as well as other plant and anim... |
570ade206d058f190018313a | When mamals appeared they remained small until what period? | Cenozoic | [
"Mesozoic\n\nThe era began in the wake of the Permian–Triassic extinction event, the largest well-documented mass extinction in Earth's history, and ended with the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, another mass extinction which is known for having killed off non-avian dinosaurs, as well as other plant and anim... |
570adf774103511400d59ab6 | What is the span of years of the Middle Triassic? | 247 million to 237 million | [
"Mesozoic\n\nThe Middle Triassic spans from 247 million to 237 million years ago. The Middle Triassic featured the beginnings of the breakup of Pangaea, and the beginning of the Tethys Sea. The ecosystem had recovered from the devastation that was the Great Dying. Phytoplankton, coral, and crustaceans all had recov... |
570adf774103511400d59ab7 | What continuing event began in the Middle Triassic? | breakup of Pangaea | [
"Mesozoic\n\nThe Middle Triassic spans from 247 million to 237 million years ago. The Middle Triassic featured the beginnings of the breakup of Pangaea, and the beginning of the Tethys Sea. The ecosystem had recovered from the devastation that was the Great Dying. Phytoplankton, coral, and crustaceans all had recov... |
570adf774103511400d59ab8 | During the breakup of Pangaea, what sea was created? | Tethys Sea | [
"Mesozoic\n\nThe Middle Triassic spans from 247 million to 237 million years ago. The Middle Triassic featured the beginnings of the breakup of Pangaea, and the beginning of the Tethys Sea. The ecosystem had recovered from the devastation that was the Great Dying. Phytoplankton, coral, and crustaceans all had recov... |
570adf774103511400d59ab9 | From what had the ecosystem had to recover? | the Great Dying | [
"Mesozoic\n\nThe Middle Triassic spans from 247 million to 237 million years ago. The Middle Triassic featured the beginnings of the breakup of Pangaea, and the beginning of the Tethys Sea. The ecosystem had recovered from the devastation that was the Great Dying. Phytoplankton, coral, and crustaceans all had recov... |
570adf774103511400d59aba | What type of animal began to flourish and become increasingly large? | reptiles | [
"Mesozoic\n\nThe Middle Triassic spans from 247 million to 237 million years ago. The Middle Triassic featured the beginnings of the breakup of Pangaea, and the beginning of the Tethys Sea. The ecosystem had recovered from the devastation that was the Great Dying. Phytoplankton, coral, and crustaceans all had recov... |
570ae1586d058f1900183140 | How many years did the Late Jurassic cover? | 163 million to 145 million | [
"Mesozoic\n\nThe Late Jurassic spans from 163 million to 145 million years ago. The Late Jurassic featured a massive extinction of sauropods and Ichthyosaurs due to the separation of Pangaea into Laurasia and Gondwana in an extinction known as the Jurassic-Cretaceous extinction. Sea levels rose, destroying fern pra... |
570ae1586d058f1900183141 | What did the separation of Pangaea cause to become extinct? | sauropods and Ichthyosaurs | [
"Mesozoic\n\nThe Late Jurassic spans from 163 million to 145 million years ago. The Late Jurassic featured a massive extinction of sauropods and Ichthyosaurs due to the separation of Pangaea into Laurasia and Gondwana in an extinction known as the Jurassic-Cretaceous extinction. Sea levels rose, destroying fern pra... |
570ae1586d058f1900183142 | What is the extinction caused by the splitting of Pangaea called? | Jurassic-Cretaceous extinction | [
"Mesozoic\n\nThe Late Jurassic spans from 163 million to 145 million years ago. The Late Jurassic featured a massive extinction of sauropods and Ichthyosaurs due to the separation of Pangaea into Laurasia and Gondwana in an extinction known as the Jurassic-Cretaceous extinction. Sea levels rose, destroying fern pra... |
570ae1586d058f1900183143 | What caused the destruction of fern prairies and increasing shallows? | Sea levels rose | [
"Mesozoic\n\nThe Late Jurassic spans from 163 million to 145 million years ago. The Late Jurassic featured a massive extinction of sauropods and Ichthyosaurs due to the separation of Pangaea into Laurasia and Gondwana in an extinction known as the Jurassic-Cretaceous extinction. Sea levels rose, destroying fern pra... |
570ae1586d058f1900183144 | What did the rise in sea levels open in the seaways? | Atlantic sea | [
"Mesozoic\n\nThe Late Jurassic spans from 163 million to 145 million years ago. The Late Jurassic featured a massive extinction of sauropods and Ichthyosaurs due to the separation of Pangaea into Laurasia and Gondwana in an extinction known as the Jurassic-Cretaceous extinction. Sea levels rose, destroying fern pra... |
570ae2e74103511400d59ac0 | What was the general rainfall in the Triassic? | dry | [
"Mesozoic\n\nThe Triassic was generally dry, a trend that began in the late Carboniferous, and highly seasonal, especially in the interior of Pangaea. Low sea levels may have also exacerbated temperature extremes. With its high specific heat capacity, water acts as a temperature-stabilizing heat reservoir, and land... |
570ae2e74103511400d59ac1 | What could have made temperatures more extreme? | Low sea levels | [
"Mesozoic\n\nThe Triassic was generally dry, a trend that began in the late Carboniferous, and highly seasonal, especially in the interior of Pangaea. Low sea levels may have also exacerbated temperature extremes. With its high specific heat capacity, water acts as a temperature-stabilizing heat reservoir, and land... |
570ae2e74103511400d59ac2 | Because of distance form the sea and wide variance in temperatures, what was the interior of Pangaea like? | desert | [
"Mesozoic\n\nThe Triassic was generally dry, a trend that began in the late Carboniferous, and highly seasonal, especially in the interior of Pangaea. Low sea levels may have also exacerbated temperature extremes. With its high specific heat capacity, water acts as a temperature-stabilizing heat reservoir, and land... |
570ae2e74103511400d59ac3 | What were there periods of during the Triassic? | increased rainfall | [
"Mesozoic\n\nThe Triassic was generally dry, a trend that began in the late Carboniferous, and highly seasonal, especially in the interior of Pangaea. Low sea levels may have also exacerbated temperature extremes. With its high specific heat capacity, water acts as a temperature-stabilizing heat reservoir, and land... |
570ae2e74103511400d59ac4 | What was the Carnian Pluvial event? | increased rainfall | [
"Mesozoic\n\nThe Triassic was generally dry, a trend that began in the late Carboniferous, and highly seasonal, especially in the interior of Pangaea. Low sea levels may have also exacerbated temperature extremes. With its high specific heat capacity, water acts as a temperature-stabilizing heat reservoir, and land... |
570ae41e4103511400d59aca | What was the dominant plant species of the Mesozoic? | gymnosperms | [
"Mesozoic\n\nThe dominant land plant species of the time were gymnosperms, which are vascular, cone-bearing, non-flowering plants such as conifers that produce seeds without a coating. This is opposed to the earth's current flora, in which the dominant land plants in terms of number of species are angiosperms. One ... |
570ae41e4103511400d59acb | What is an example of a gymnosperm? | conifers | [
"Mesozoic\n\nThe dominant land plant species of the time were gymnosperms, which are vascular, cone-bearing, non-flowering plants such as conifers that produce seeds without a coating. This is opposed to the earth's current flora, in which the dominant land plants in terms of number of species are angiosperms. One ... |
570ae41e4103511400d59acc | What are the dominate plant species on Earth now? | angiosperms | [
"Mesozoic\n\nThe dominant land plant species of the time were gymnosperms, which are vascular, cone-bearing, non-flowering plants such as conifers that produce seeds without a coating. This is opposed to the earth's current flora, in which the dominant land plants in terms of number of species are angiosperms. One ... |
570ae41e4103511400d59acd | When did the Ginkgo evolve? | Mesozoic | [
"Mesozoic\n\nThe dominant land plant species of the time were gymnosperms, which are vascular, cone-bearing, non-flowering plants such as conifers that produce seeds without a coating. This is opposed to the earth's current flora, in which the dominant land plants in terms of number of species are angiosperms. One ... |
570ae41e4103511400d59ace | What famous tree species is believed to have evolved during the Mesozoic? | Sequoia | [
"Mesozoic\n\nThe dominant land plant species of the time were gymnosperms, which are vascular, cone-bearing, non-flowering plants such as conifers that produce seeds without a coating. This is opposed to the earth's current flora, in which the dominant land plants in terms of number of species are angiosperms. One ... |
570aec4d6b8089140040f614 | In what decade was digital telephony transmission made possible? | the 1980s | [
"Videoconferencing\n\nIt was only in the 1980s that digital telephony transmission networks became possible, such as with ISDN networks, assuring a minimum bit rate (usually 128 kilobits/s) for compressed video and audio transmission. During this time, there was also research into other forms of digital video and a... |
570aec4d6b8089140040f615 | What is the minimum bit rate for compressed video and audio transmission? | 128 kilobits/s | [
"Videoconferencing\n\nIt was only in the 1980s that digital telephony transmission networks became possible, such as with ISDN networks, assuring a minimum bit rate (usually 128 kilobits/s) for compressed video and audio transmission. During this time, there was also research into other forms of digital video and a... |
570aec4d6b8089140040f616 | What is an example of an early form of digital video and audio communication? | the Media space | [
"Videoconferencing\n\nIt was only in the 1980s that digital telephony transmission networks became possible, such as with ISDN networks, assuring a minimum bit rate (usually 128 kilobits/s) for compressed video and audio transmission. During this time, there was also research into other forms of digital video and a... |
570aec4d6b8089140040f617 | In what form did the first dedicated videoconferencing system appear as? | ISDN networks | [
"Videoconferencing\n\nIt was only in the 1980s that digital telephony transmission networks became possible, such as with ISDN networks, assuring a minimum bit rate (usually 128 kilobits/s) for compressed video and audio transmission. During this time, there was also research into other forms of digital video and a... |
570aec4d6b8089140040f618 | What company offered the first commercial videoconferencing system? | PictureTel Corp. | [
"Videoconferencing\n\nIt was only in the 1980s that digital telephony transmission networks became possible, such as with ISDN networks, assuring a minimum bit rate (usually 128 kilobits/s) for compressed video and audio transmission. During this time, there was also research into other forms of digital video and a... |
570aedcfec8fbc190045b77e | What controls the conferencing while its active on the signaling plane? | The MC | [
"Videoconferencing\n\nThe MC controls the conferencing while it is active on the signaling plane, which is simply where the system manages conferencing creation, endpoint signaling and in-conferencing controls. This component negotiates parameters with every endpoint in the network and controls conferencing resourc... |
570aedcfec8fbc190045b77f | Where does the videoconferencing system manage conferencing creation? | the signaling plane | [
"Videoconferencing\n\nThe MC controls the conferencing while it is active on the signaling plane, which is simply where the system manages conferencing creation, endpoint signaling and in-conferencing controls. This component negotiates parameters with every endpoint in the network and controls conferencing resourc... |
570aedcfec8fbc190045b780 | What is one example of what the signaling plane controls in a videoconferencing system? | endpoint signaling | [
"Videoconferencing\n\nThe MC controls the conferencing while it is active on the signaling plane, which is simply where the system manages conferencing creation, endpoint signaling and in-conferencing controls. This component negotiates parameters with every endpoint in the network and controls conferencing resourc... |
570aedcfec8fbc190045b781 | On what plane does the MC operate? | the media plane | [
"Videoconferencing\n\nThe MC controls the conferencing while it is active on the signaling plane, which is simply where the system manages conferencing creation, endpoint signaling and in-conferencing controls. This component negotiates parameters with every endpoint in the network and controls conferencing resourc... |
570aedcfec8fbc190045b782 | What generates output streams from each endpoint? | The MP | [
"Videoconferencing\n\nThe MC controls the conferencing while it is active on the signaling plane, which is simply where the system manages conferencing creation, endpoint signaling and in-conferencing controls. This component negotiates parameters with every endpoint in the network and controls conferencing resourc... |
570aef486b8089140040f61e | What technology has become more widely available and affordable? | High speed Internet connectivity | [
"Videoconferencing\n\nHigh speed Internet connectivity has become more widely available at a reasonable cost and the cost of video capture and display technology has decreased. Consequently, personal videoconferencing systems based on a webcam, personal computer system, software compression and broadband Internet c... |
570aef486b8089140040f61f | What is an example of a personal videoconferencing system tool? | webcam | [
"Videoconferencing\n\nHigh speed Internet connectivity has become more widely available at a reasonable cost and the cost of video capture and display technology has decreased. Consequently, personal videoconferencing systems based on a webcam, personal computer system, software compression and broadband Internet c... |
570aef486b8089140040f620 | What has made videoconferencing accessible to many? | The availability of freeware | [
"Videoconferencing\n\nHigh speed Internet connectivity has become more widely available at a reasonable cost and the cost of video capture and display technology has decreased. Consequently, personal videoconferencing systems based on a webcam, personal computer system, software compression and broadband Internet c... |
570aef486b8089140040f621 | Videoconferencing freeware is widely available in what programs? | chat programs | [
"Videoconferencing\n\nHigh speed Internet connectivity has become more widely available at a reasonable cost and the cost of video capture and display technology has decreased. Consequently, personal videoconferencing systems based on a webcam, personal computer system, software compression and broadband Internet c... |
570af0f8ec8fbc190045b788 | Videophone calls are different from videoconferencing in what way? | serve individuals, not groups | [
"Videoconferencing\n\nVideophone calls (also: videocalls, video chat as well as Skype and Skyping in verb form), differ from videoconferencing in that they expect to serve individuals, not groups. However that distinction has become increasingly blurred with technology improvements such as increased bandwidth and s... |
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