id string | question string | answer string | documents list |
|---|---|---|---|
train_17000 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution provides in part that "No person ... shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law." In Miranda v. Arizona, the Supreme Court declared that statements of an accused,... | [
"No person … shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law. U.S. Const. Amend. V. In Miranda v. Arizona , the Supreme Court held that no statement made by an individual during a custodial interrogation may be admitt... |
train_17001 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Sexual assault kits (SAKs, also referred to as "rape kits") are used by medical professionals to collect evidence during a forensic medical exam of a sexual assault victim in order to establish elements of a crime. Generally, upon completion of the medical exam the kit is transferred to an authorized law enforcement ag... | [
"O ver the past few years policymakers have shown an interest in addressing the backlog of testing of sexual assault kits (SAKs, also ref erred to as \"rape kits\") in many jurisdictions across the United States. The backlog of SAKs has raised concerns over justice for assault victims and that additional victimizat... |
train_17002 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The 112th Congress continues to debate whether and how the United States should address climate change. Most often, this debate includes concerns about the effects of U.S. greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions controls if China and other major countries were not to take comparable actions. China recently surpassed the United ... | [
"China's greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have drawn attention in the United States because of their environmental and economic implications. China's actions to address climate change also hold implications for broader economic and security concerns in the United States. Scientific evidence that the Earth's climate i... |
train_17003 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | U.S. farmers have been rapidly adopting genetically engineered (GE) crops -- mainly corn, soybean, and cotton varieties -- to lower production costs and improve management. However, theU.S. agricultural economy is highly dependent upon exports, at a time when many foreign consumersare wary of the products of agricultur... | [
"U.S. farmers are widely adopting biotechnology, growing genetically engineered (GE) crops-- mainly corn, soybean, and cotton varieties -- to lower production costs and reduce laborrequirements. (1) In 2002, 66% of an estimated 145million acres planted to GE crops worldwide werein the United States, according to th... |
train_17004 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Under the United States Constitution, Congress has little direct authority to legislate in the field of domestic relations. The primary authority and responsibility to legislate in the domestic relations arena lies with the individual states. The rationale behind this approach is the lack of overriding national conside... | [
"Under the United States Constitution, Congress has little direct authority to legislate in the field of domestic relations. Generally, state policy guides these decisions. Despite the lack of direct authority to legislate domestic relations issues, Congress continues to utilize a number of indirect approaches to e... |
train_17005 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Recent cases involving alleged disclosures of classified information to the news media or others who are not entitled to receive it have renewed Congress's interest with regard to the possible need for legislation to provide for criminal punishment for the "leaks" of classified information. The Espionage Act of 1917 an... | [
"Continued revelations involving alleged disclosures of classified information to the news media or to others who are not entitled to receive it have renewed Congress's interest with regard to the possible need for legislation to provide for criminal punishment for the \"leaks\" of classified information. Opponents... |
train_17006 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Because of the importance of committee work, Senators consider desirable committee assignments a priority. The key to securing favorable committee slots is often said to be targeting committee seats that match the legislator's skills, expertise, and policy concerns. After general elections are over, one of the first or... | [
"Committee sizes and ratios are determined before Senators are assigned to committees. Although the size of each committee is set in Senate rules, changes to these rules often result from interparty negotiations before each Congress. Senate party leaders also negotiate the party ratio of each committee during the d... |
train_17007 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Making Work Pay (MWP) tax credit provided a refundable tax credit of up to $400 for individuals and up to $800 for married taxpayers filing joint returns in 2009 and 2010. The MWP tax credit expired on December 31, 2010. As a result of the expiration of the MWP tax credit, some taxpayers are finding that the amount... | [
"As a result of the implementation of the Making Work Pay (MWP) tax credit in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5 ), some taxpayers may have unexpectedly found that their 2009 or 2010 income tax refunds were lower than anticipated or that they owed income tax instead of receiving a ... |
train_17008 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Two Senate rules affect the authority of conferees to include in their report matter that was not passed by the House or Senate before the conference committee was appointed. Colloquially, such provisions are sometimes said to have been "airdropped" into the conference report. First, Rule XXVIII precludes conference ag... | [
"Senate and House rules place restrictions on the kinds of agreements conferees can propose to their two houses. Implicit in the rules of both chambers is the requirement that conferees resolve the differences committed to them by reaching agreements within what is known as \"the scope of the differences\" between ... |
train_17009 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Since the 9/11 terrorist attacks, Congress has focused considerable attention on how intelligence is collected, analyzed, and disseminated in order to protect the homeland against terrorist threats. Prior to 9/11, it was possible to make a distinction between "domestic intelligence"—primarily law enforcement informatio... | [
"Since the 9/11 terrorist attacks, Congress has not only focused considerable attention on how intelligence is collected, analyzed, and disseminated in order to protect the homeland against terrorism, but also what should such intelligence encompass. A discussion of what constitutes \"homeland security intelligence... |
train_17010 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The President and leading Members of Congress have indicated that income tax reform is a major policy objective. Some itemized deductions are visible candidates for "broadening the base" of the individual income tax and cutting back on tax expenditures and primarily consist of deductions for mortgage interest, state an... | [
"The President and some leading Members of Congress have indicated that income tax reform is a major policy objective. The House Budget Resolution ( H.Con.Res. 25 ) supports a revenue-neutral reform that would broaden the individual income tax base and lower statutory income tax rates, while the Senate Budget Resol... |
train_17011 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Federal policy has played a key role in the emergence of the U.S. biofuels industry. Policy measures have included minimum renewable fuel usage requirements, blending and production tax credits, an import tariff, loans and loan guarantees, and research grants. One of the more prominent forms of federal policy support i... | [
"Dependence on foreign sources of crude oil, concerns over global climate change, and the desire to promote domestic rural economies have raised interest in renewable biofuels as an alternative to petroleum in the U.S. transportation sector. In response to this interest, U.S. policymakers have enacted a variety of ... |
train_17012 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Regulatory exclusivities provide incentives for pharmaceutical innovation in the United States. Overseen by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), regulatory exclusivities are alternatively known as marketing exclusivities, data exclusivities, or data protection. Each of the distinct regulatory exclusivities establish... | [
"Congress has established regulatory exclusivities to encourage different activities within the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. Regulatory exclusivities consist of a period of time during which the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) protects an approved drug from competition in the marketplace. In comb... |
train_17013 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Social Security Administration (SSA) is responsible for administering two federal entitlement programs that provide income support to individuals with severe, long-term disabilities: Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) and Supplemental Security Income (SSI). SSDI is a social insurance program that provides ... | [
"This report presents information on two federal entitlement programs administered by the Social Security Administration (SSA) that provide income support to individuals with severe, long-term disabilities: Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) and Supplemental Security Income (SSI). SSDI is a social insuranc... |
train_17014 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Many agree that the U.S. tax system is in need of reform. Congress continues to explore ways to make the U.S. tax system simpler, fairer, and more efficient. Identifying and enacting policies that will result in a simpler, fairer, and more efficient tax system remains a challenge. On December 10, 2014, the chairman of ... | [
"Late in the 113 th Congress, former House Ways and Means Committee Chairman Dave Camp introduced a comprehensive tax reform bill, the Tax Reform Act of 2014 ( H.R. 1 ). While no action was taken on H.R. 1 in the 113 th Congress, tax reform remained a key issue of interest early in the 114 th Congress. In January 2... |
train_17015 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) provides benefits to veterans who meet certain eligibility rules. Benefits to veterans range from disability compensation and pensions to hospital and medical care. VA provides these benefits to veterans through three major operating units: the Veterans Health Administration (VHA... | [
"On February 15, 2007, the President signed into law the Revised Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2007 ( H.J.Res. 20 , P.L. 110-5 ). P.L. 110-5 , among other things, funded several agencies including the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). The Revised Continuing Appropriations Resolution provides $32.7 billio... |
train_17016 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Many potential chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) terrorism agents lack available countermeasures. In 2003, President Bush proposed Project BioShield to address this need. The Project BioShield Act became law in July 2004 (P.L. 108-276). This law has three main provisions: (1) relaxing regulatory re... | [
"Following the terrorist attacks of 2001, the federal government determined that it would need new medical countermeasures (e.g., diagnostic tests, drugs, vaccines, and other treatments) to respond to an attack using chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear (CBRN) agents. Representatives of the pharmaceutical... |
train_17017 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (T-TIP) is a potential reciprocal free trade agreement being negotiated between the United States and the European Union (EU). Formal negotiations began in July 2013. Through the negotiations, both sides are seeking to liberalize transatlantic trade and investment, set... | [
"T he Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (T-TIP) is a potential reciprocal free trade agree ment that the United States and the European Union (EU) are negotiating with each other. Formal negotiations commenced in July 2013. Both sides had initially aimed to conclude the negotiations in two years but ha... |
train_17018 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In 1966, Congress passed the Laboratory Animal Welfare Act (P.L. 89-54) to prevent pets from being stolen for sale to research laboratories, and to regulate the humane care and handling of dogs, cats, and other laboratory animals. Farm animals are not covered by the AWA. The law was amended in 1970 (P.L. 91-579), chang... | [
"T he Animal Welfare Act (AWA; 7 U.S.C. 2131 et seq. ) is intended to ensure the humane treatment of animals that are intended for research, bred for commercial sale, exhibited to the public, or commercially transported. Under the AWA, businesses and others with animals covered by the law must be licensed or regist... |
train_17019 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | International law is derived from two primary sources—international agreements and customary practice. Under the U.S. legal system, international agreements can be entered into by means of a treaty or an executive agreement. The Constitution allocates primary responsibility for entering into such agreements to the exec... | [
"International law consists of \"rules and principles of general application dealing with the conduct of states and of international organizations and with their relations inter se , as well as with some of their relations with persons, whether natural or juridical.\" While the United States has long understood int... |
train_17020 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Financial Services and General Government (FSGG) appropriations bill includes funding for the Department of the Treasury, the Executive Office of the President (EOP), the judiciary, the District of Columbia, and more than two dozen independent agencies. The House and Senate FSGG bills fund the same agencies, with o... | [
"The Financial Services and General Government (FSGG) appropriations bill includes funding for the Department of the Treasury (Title I), the Executive Office of the President (EOP, Title II), the judiciary (Title III), the D istrict of Columbia (Title IV), and more than two dozen independent agencies (Title V). The... |
train_17021 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | To assist Congress in its oversight activities, this report provides an overview of the government corporation as an administrative model. As defined in this report, a government corporation is a government agency that is established by Congress to provide a market-oriented public service and to produce revenues that m... | [
"The federal government has employed government corporations to achieve policy goals for over a century. Among Members of Congress, the executive branch, and the scholarly community, interest in the government corporation option, and variations on this class of agency, has increased in recent decades. In the typica... |
train_17022 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Drought is a natural hazard with often significant societal, economic, and environmental consequences. Public policy issues related to drought range from how to identify and measure drought to how best to prepare for, mitigate, and respond to drought impacts, and who should bear associated costs. Severe drought in 2011... | [
"This report discusses how drought is defined (e.g., why drought in one region of the country is different from drought in another region), and why drought occurs in the United States. How droughts are classified, and what is meant by moderate, severe, and extreme drought classifications, are also discussed. The re... |
train_17023 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In addition to their jobs, workers have obligations—civic, familial, and personal—to fulfill that sometimes require them to be absent from the workplace (e.g., to serve on a jury, retrieve a sick child from day care, or attend a funeral). The U.S. government generally has allowed individual employers to decide whether ... | [
"In addition to their jobs, workers have obligations—civic, familial, and personal—to fulfill that sometimes require them to be absent from the workplace (e.g., to serve on a jury, retrieve a sick child from day care, or attend a funeral). The U.S. government generally has allowed individual businesses to decide wh... |
train_17024 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The power to prescribe rules as to which aliens may enter the United States and which aliens may be removed resides solely with the federal government, and primarily with Congress. Concomitant to its exclusive power to determine which aliens may enter and which may stay in the country, the federal government also has t... | [
"The power to prescribe rules as to which aliens may enter the United States and which aliens may be removed resides solely with the federal government, and primarily with Congress. Concomitant to its exclusive power to establish rules which determine which aliens may enter and which may stay in the country, the fe... |
train_17025 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Calculations indicating that the Social Security program will not be financially sustainable in the long run under the present statutory scheme have fueled the current debate regarding Social Security reform. This report addresses selected legal issues that may be raised regarding entitlement to Social Security benefit... | [
"C alculations indicating that the current Social Security program will not be financially sustainable in the long run under the present statutory scheme have fueled the current debate regarding Social Security reform. This report addresses selected legal issues that may be raised regarding entitlement to Social Se... |
train_17026 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The military construction (MilCon) appropriations bill finances (1) military construction projects in the United States and overseas; (2) military family housing operations and construction;(3) U.S. contributions to the NATO Security Investment Program; and (4) most base realignment andclosure costs. This report review... | [
"The Military Construction Appropriations conference report, recommending $8.834 billion,was approved by the House on June 29, 2000, and the Senate on June 30, 2000. It became P.L.106-246 on July 13, 2000. In authorization action, on May 18, 2000, the House approved its defense authorization bill ( H.R. 4205 , H.Re... |
train_17027 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Reforming the nation's immigration laws has been the subject of significant legislative activity in the 113th Congress. In June, the Senate passed an omnibus immigration bill (S. 744) that addresses a broad array of issues, including immigration enforcement and border security, verification of aliens' employment eligib... | [
"There has been significant activity in the 113 th Congress concerning legislative proposals to reform the nation's immigration laws. In June, the Senate passed an omnibus immigration bill ( S. 744 ) that addresses a broad array of issues, including immigration enforcement and border security, verification of alien... |
train_17028 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Child Support Enforcement (CSE) program was enacted in 1975 as a federal-state-local partnership to help strengthen families by securing financial support from noncustodial parents. Families receiving cash welfare from the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) block grant must assign (turn over rights to) ... | [
"On average, child support constitutes 17% of family income for households who receive it. Among poor households that receive it, child support constitutes about 30% of family income. During the last several years, the importance of child support payments as an income source for single-parent families has garnered ... |
train_17029 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The 112th Congress is focusing attention on short- and long-term efforts to reduce the federal deficit and stabilize the national debt, including proposals to alter the overall size and composition of total federal spending. Components of the federal budget categorized as "human resources" account for the majority of f... | [
"Members of Congress and the Obama Administration are engaged in debate over short- and long-term efforts to reduce the federal deficit and stabilize the national debt. Within that debate, attention has focused on proposals to alter the overall size and composition of total federal spending. The bipartisan National... |
train_17030 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Japan and North Korea have not established official relations since the Korean Peninsula, which the Japanese Empire annexed in 1910, was liberated from Japanese rule and divided into twoseparate states following Japan's defeat in World War II. Attempts to establish normal relations inthe early 1990s and again in 2000 e... | [
"In recent years, Members of Congress have monitored the course of North Korea-Japanrelations because Japan plays a potentially critical role in addressing the military threat posed byNorth Korea, particularly its nuclear weapons program. (1) Most important, Japan has told North Koreait is prepared to offer a large... |
train_17031 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on the United States and the subsequent attacks on European countries such as the United Kingdom and Spain have prompted both sides of the Atlantic to reinvigorate their respective efforts to ensure homeland security and combat terrorism. However, U.S. and European approaches to... | [
"The September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on the United States and the subsequent attacks on European countries such as the United Kingdom and Spain have prompted both sides of the Atlantic to reinvigorate their respective efforts to ensure homeland security and combat terrorism. However, U.S. and European approach... |
train_17032 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report provides background information on the institutional makeup and operations of the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), the leading international humanitarian and development arm of the U.S. government. The report then discusses in greater depth several aspects of the agency that might be of pa... | [
"The U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) was established on November 3, 1961, following enactment of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (FAA, P.L. 87-195) which formally established and authorized the assistance programs that USAID implements. Since then, USAID has been the leading international human... |
train_17033 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Naturalization is the process that grants U.S. citizenship to lawful permanent residents (LPRs) who fulfill requirements established by Congress in the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA). In general, U.S. immigration policy gives all LPRs the opportunity to naturalize, and doing so is a voluntary act. LPRs in most c... | [
"Naturalization is the process by which an immigrant attains U.S. citizenship after he or she fulfills requirements established by Congress and outlined in the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA). U.S. immigration policy gives all lawful permanent residents who meet the naturalization requirements the opportunity... |
train_17034 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The California Bay-Delta Program (CALFED) was initiated in 1995 to resolve water resources conflicts in the Sacramento/San Joaquin Rivers Delta and San Francisco Bay (Bay-Delta) in California. The program planning effort focused on developing a plan to address three main problem areas in the Bay-Delta: ecosystem health... | [
"The 1,153-square mile estuary at the confluence of the San Francisco Bay and the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers Delta—the Bay-Delta—is also the hub of California's extensive water supply system. As such, the Bay-Delta has endured decades of competing water demands. During this time, the Bay-Delta ecosystem has ... |
train_17035 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | To discharge its constitutional duties, Congress depends on information obtained from theexecutive branch. Domestic and national security information is provided through agency reportsand direct communications from department heads, but lawmakers also receive information directlyfrom employees within the agencies. They... | [
"Agency whistleblowers operate within a system of mixed messages. On the one hand, theCode of Ethics adopted by Congress in 1958 directs all government employees to \"expose corruptionwherever discovered.\" (1) Over the years, agency employees have received credit for revealing problems of defense costoverruns, uns... |
train_17036 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Gases other than carbon dioxide accounted for approximately 17% of total U.S. greenhouse gas emissions in 2009, yet there has been minimal discussion of these other greenhouse gases in climate and energy legislative initiatives. Reducing emissions from non-carbon dioxide greenhouse gases, such as nitrous oxide (N2O), c... | [
"Policymakers are dedicating considerable attention to greenhouse gas emission reduction, primarily discussing options for carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emission reduction. Less frequently addressed in proposed legislation is emission reduction for non-CO 2 greenhouse gases, such as nitrous oxide (N 2 O). However, N 2 O r... |
train_17037 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Two proposals (H.R. 157/S. 160, District of Columbia House Voting Rights Act of 2009) were introduced in the 111th Congress to provide for voting representation in the U.S. House of Representatives for the residents of the District of Columbia (DC). H.R. 157/S. 160, for purposes of voting representation, treated the Di... | [
"H.R. 157 / S. 160 , the District of Columbia House Voting Rights Act of 2009 introduced in the 111 th Congress, provided for a permanent increase in the size of the U.S. House of Representatives, from 435 seats to 437 seats. The bills specified that one of the additional seats was to be allocated to the District o... |
train_17038 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Omnibus Water Authorization Legislation in the 115th Congress. The 115th Congress initiated deliberations on an omnibus water authorization bill with H.R. 8, the Water Resources Development Act of 2018 (WRDA 2018), and S. 2800, America's Water Infrastructure Act of 2018 (AWIA 2018). The House passed H.R. 8 on June 11, ... | [
"The 115 th Congress initiated deliberations on an omnibus water authorization bill with H.R. 8 , the Water Resources Development Act of 2018 (WRDA 2018), and S. 2800 , America's Water Infrastructure Act of 2018 (AWIA 2018). On June 6, 2018, the House passed H.R. 8 , which was subsequently received in the Senate an... |
train_17039 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Title IV of the Higher Education Act (HEA) authorizes programs that provide financial assistance to students to assist them in obtaining a postsecondary education at certain institutions of higher education (IHEs). IHEs wishing to participate in Title IV federal student aid (FSA) programs must meet several requirements... | [
"Historically, accreditation in higher education developed as a part of the evolution of the American higher education system, at a time when it was becoming problematic that no single point of control or central body existed to set educational standards. In the late 19 th century, there was no consensus on the con... |
train_17040 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Congress and federal agencies frequently undertake initiatives to conduct oversight of federal grant programs and expenditures. The ability to oversee is influenced by the existing reporting requirements placed on recipients of federal grant funds. Limitations in accessing information contained in federal databases use... | [
"Congressional authorization of federal assistance to state and local governments can be traced as far back as 1808, when the first federal grant program was adopted to provide funds to states to support the National Guard. Since that time, there has been significant growth in the number of federal assistance progr... |
train_17041 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Securities and Exchange Commission's (SEC's) increased use of its in-house administrative forum to resolve charges against persons alleged to have violated federal securities laws has generated several court decisions, as well as congressional and media attention. Section 929P(a) of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Refor... | [
"The Securities and Exchange Commission's (SEC's) increased use of its in-house administrative forum to resolve charges against persons alleged to have violated federal securities laws is receiving considerable attentio n. Congressional hearings have discussed the issue; several cases are challenging the SEC's auth... |
train_17042 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005 (BAPCPA; P.L. 109-8) included the most significant amendments to consumer bankruptcy procedures since the 1970s. Bankruptcy reform was enacted in response to the high number of consumer bankruptcy filings, which in 2004 and 2005 reached five times the ... | [
"Figure 1 and Table 1 show bankruptcy filings since 1980. Business filings peaked in 1987, but the number of consumer filings continued to grow through 2005. In that year, the number of filings surpassed 2 million—there was a \"rush to the courthouse\" before the Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection ... |
train_17043 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On February 27, 2010, an earthquake of magnitude 8.8 struck off the coast of central Chile. Centered 70 miles northeast of Chile's second-largest city, Concepción, at a depth of 22 miles, the earthquake was the second largest ever recorded in Chile and the fifth largest recorded worldwide since 1900. Over 100 aftershoc... | [
"On February 27, 2010, an earthquake of magnitude 8.8 struck off the coast of central Chile. Centered 70 miles northeast of Chile's second-largest city, Concepción, at a depth of 22 miles, the earthquake was the second-largest ever recorded in Chile and the fifth-largest recorded worldwide since 1900. Over 100 afte... |
train_17044 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Compared to other parts of the world, the potential threat emanating from terrorism is low in most countries in Latin America. Most terrorist acts occur in the Andean region of South America, committed by two Colombian guerrilla groups—the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) and the National Liberation Army (... | [
"Over the years, the United States has been concerned about threats to Latin American and Caribbean nations from various terrorist or insurgent groups that have attempted to influence or overthrow elected governments. Although Latin America has not been the focal point in efforts to deter global terrorism, some cou... |
train_17045 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | A class action is a procedure by which a large group of entities (known as a "class") may challenge a defendant's allegedly unlawful conduct in a single lawsuit, rather than through numerous, separate suits initiated by individual plaintiffs. In a class action, a plaintiff (known as the "class representative," the "nam... | [
"Class action lawsuits—that is, lawsuits by representative parties on behalf of a group of similar plaintiffs that have aggregated their claims in a single action—are frequently in the forefront of debates over the American private law system. According to the Supreme Court, class actions are the \"most adventureso... |
train_17046 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Cuba remains a one-party communist state with a poor record on human rights. The country's political succession in 2006 from the long-ruling Fidel Castro to his brother Raúl was characterized by a remarkable degree of stability. The government of Raúl Castro implemented limited economic policy changes in 2008 and 2009,... | [
"On December 23, 2010, the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Havana announced that two more political prisoners would be released. This brought to 57 the number of political prisoners released since July, with 56 agreeing to be sent to Spain and 1 released on humanitarian parole to remain in Cuba. It also includes 41 o... |
train_17047 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On February 2, 2015, the Obama Administration submitted to Congress its budget request for FY2016. The request for State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs (SFOPS) totals $54.08 billion, or a 4% increase from FY2015-estimated levels. Within that amount $47.04 billion is requested for enduring or core funding and... | [
"The Consolidated Appropriations Act , FY2016. On December 18, 2015, Congress passed an omnibus appropriations law for FY2016 (Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016; P.L. 114-113 / H.R. 2029 ), and the President signed it the same day. Division K of the law provides $52.83 billion for the Department of State, Forei... |
train_17048 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The federal government's role in the mortgage market dates to the Depression and is considered by many to be substantial: Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and Ginnie Mae (officially the Government National Mortgage Association, which is part of the Department of Housing and Urban Development) together guarantee virtually all n... | [
"The federal government's role in the mortgage market dates to the Depression, when Fannie Mae (officially the Federal National Mortgage Association) and the Federal Housing Administration (FHA, which is part of the Department of Housing and Urban Development, HUD) were created. Many consider its role to be substan... |
train_17049 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On February 21, 2006, the Supreme Court issued an opinion in Gonzales v. O Centro Espirita Beneficente Uniao do Vegetal (UDV), a case addressing the use of an hallucinogenic tea in the context of religious ceremonies conducted by a religious sect in New Mexico. In its decision, the Court determined that under the Relig... | [
"The genesis of the Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA) lies in the Supreme Court's decision in Employment Division, Oregon Department of Human Resources v. Smith . In that case, decided in 1990, the Court narrowed the scope of the Free Exercise Clause of the First Amendment, which provides that \"Congress sha... |
train_17050 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In 2004, Congress passed the Project BioShield Act (P.L. 108-276) to provide the federal government with new authorities related to the development, procurement, and use of medical countermeasures against chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) terrorism agents. As the expiration of some of these authori... | [
"Following the terrorist attacks of 2001, both the Administration and Congress determined that the federal government needed new medical countermeasures (such as diagnostic tests, drugs, vaccines, and other treatments) to respond to an attack using chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear (CBRN) agents. Repre... |
train_17051 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | To assist Congress in its oversight, this report provides an overview of federally related entities that possess legal characteristics of both the governmental and private sectors. These hybrid organizations (e.g., Fannie Mae, National Park Foundation, In-Q-Tel), collectively referred to in this report as the "quasi go... | [
"In recent decades, both Congress and the President have increasingly used hybrid organizations for the implementation of public policy functions traditionally assigned to executive departments and agencies. Instead, their preference has often been to assign administrative responsibilities to newly created independ... |
train_17052 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Standards of identity for foods overseen by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) generally define the composition of a food, prescribing both mandatory and optional ingredients and fixing the relative proportions of each ingredient. This report addresses the following legal issues associated with the promulgation and... | [
"S ection 401 of Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) grants the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) the authority to promulgate regulations that create \"standards of identity\" for certain foods. These standards establish the composition of the food, including mandatory and optional ingredients. Industry pa... |
train_17053 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Legal challenges that may have a substantial impact on the implementation and operation of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) concern whether premium tax credits are available for millions of individuals participating in federally administered health insurance exchanges. These credits, which became av... | [
"In March 2015, the Supreme Court heard oral arguments in King v. Burwell , a case addressing an important issue of implementation of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA). The lawsuit involves the provision of premium tax credits, which became available in 2014 and are intended to help certain indiv... |
train_17054 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The United Nations (U.N.) system supports a number of programs that address international violence against women (VAW). These activities, which are implemented by 36 U.N. entities, range from large-scale interagency initiatives to smaller grants and programs that are implemented by a range of partners, including non-go... | [
"Since the late 1990s, the United Nations (U.N.) organization has increasingly recognized violence against women (hereinafter VAW) as a global health concern and violation of human rights. Ongoing U.N. system efforts to address VAW range from large-scale interagency initiatives to smaller grants and programs implem... |
train_17055 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In FY2017, the federal government obligated approximately $500 billion to procure goods and services. Federal procurement statutes and regulations—notably the Competition in Contracting Act of 1984 (CICA) and the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR), the government-wide regulation that generally applies to acquisitions... | [
"In FY2017, the federal government obligated approximately $500 billion to procure goods and services. Federal procurement statutes and regulations—notably the Competition in Contracting Act of 1984 (CICA) and the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR), the government-wide regulation that generally applies to acquisi... |
train_17056 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On March 23, 2017, the State Department issued a Presidential Permit for the border facilities of the proposed Keystone XL Pipeline, having determined that issuing the permit "would serve the national interest." The Department announced that the Record of Decision and National Interest Determination for the Presidentia... | [
"In 2008—and again in 2012—the Canadian company TransCanada submitted to the U.S. Department of State an application for a Presidential Permit authorizing construction and operation of pipeline facilities to import crude oil across the U.S.-Canada border. The proposed Keystone XL Pipeline project (the project) woul... |
train_17057 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In June 2009, the House passed H.R. 2454, the American Clean Energy and Security Act of 2009. In September 2009, Senator Kerry introduced S. 1733, the Clean Energy Jobs and American Power Act, which was referred to the Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works. The committee completed markup of the bill on Novem... | [
"In June 2009, the House passed H.R. 2454 , the American Clean Energy and Security Act of 2009. In November 2009, Chairwoman Boxer of the Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works completed markup of S. 1733 , the Clean Energy Jobs and American Power Act, by approving a \"Manager's Amendment\" as a substitut... |
train_17058 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In 1986, Congress enacted the Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA) to both protect the privacy of an individual's electronic communications and provide the government with a means for accessing these communications and related records. Although passed at the infancy of the Internet, the Stored Communications Ac... | [
"In 1986, when introducing the Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA), Senator Patrick Leahy observed that the nation's then-existing electronic communications privacy laws were \"hopelessly out of date.\" The Senate Judiciary Committee agreed that the law had \"not kept pace with the development of communica... |
train_17059 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Domestic and dating violence in Indian country are reportedly at epidemic proportions. However, there is a practical jurisdictional issue when the violence involves a non-Indian perpetrator and an Indian victim. Indian tribes only have criminal jurisdiction over crimes involving Indian perpetrators and victims within t... | [
"American Indians in general are victims of violent crimes at a rate much higher than the general population. This trend carries over to domestic violence: American Indian women are victims of domestic and dating violence at more than twice the rate of non-Indian women. It is reported that most of this violence inv... |
train_17060 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | A check cashing enterprise is a fee-based business that will cash a customer's check without requiring an account relationship. The U.S. check cashing industry underwent a significant expansion in the 1990s. Customers are attracted by the immediate access to funds, availability of service without a bank account, and co... | [
"Check cashers are nonbank businesses that cash checks for a fee. Check cashing businesses may offer additional fee-based products and services including money orders, processing utility bill payments, pre-paid phone cards, and funds transfers. These enterprises often operate in neighborhoods not well served by ban... |
train_17061 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | As the U.S. and global economies continue to struggle, some inside and outside of Congress have expressed concern about how environmental regulation may stifle growth and productivity. Much of the criticism has focused on environmental regulations promulgated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Some claim tha... | [
"A healthy agricultural industry and a healthy environment are both important to the nation. However, agricultural production can have varying impacts on the environment. The use of both natural resources (e.g., soil and water) and synthetic inputs (e.g., fertilizers and pesticides) in agricultural production can s... |
train_17062 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Critical Infrastructure Information Act of 2002 ("CIIA"), to be codified at 6 U.S.C. §§131 - 134, was passed on November 25, 2002 as subtitle B of Title II of the Homeland Security Act ( P.L. 107-296 , 116 Stat. 2135, sections 211 - 215), and regulates the use and disclosure of information submitted to the Depart... | [
"The President's National Strategy for Homeland Security, which proposed the creation of a new Department of Homeland Security (DHS), established as one of the Department's core missions the protection of America's infrastructure. The proposal had the new Department responsible for comprehensively evaluating the vu... |
train_17063 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Section 1115 of the Social Security Act provides the Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS) with broad authority to waive certain statutory requirements for states to conduct research and demonstration projects that further the goals of Titles XIX (Medicaid) and/or XXI (the State Children's Health Insurance Progr... | [
"Medicaid, authorized under Title XIX of the Social Security Act, is a federal-state program providing medical assistance for low-income individuals who are aged, blind, disabled, members of families with dependent children, or who have one of a few specified medical conditions. The Balanced Budget Act of 1997 esta... |
train_17064 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Child and Family Services Improvement and Innovation Act (P.L. 112-34) extends funding authorization for the Stephanie Tubbs Jones Child Welfare Services Program and the Promoting Safe and Stable Families Program for five years (FY2012-FY2016). The programs are authorized under Title IV-B of the Social Security Act... | [
"Title I of the Child and Family Services Improvement and Innovation Act ( P.L. 112-34 ) extends funding authorization for five years (FY2012-FY2016) for certain programs that support child welfare-related child and family services (under Title IV-B of the Social Security Act). The funding authorization for those p... |
train_17065 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Title VII of the Public Health Service Act (PHSA) supports health professions education and training through grants to and contractual agreements with institutions, and direct assistance to individuals. Institutions may receive Title VII support for such activities as residency programs at medical and dental schools, r... | [
"The Public Health Service Act (PHSA) establishes authority for a wide range of activities that directly or indirectly affect the health of the U.S. population. In Title VII, Health Professions Education, the PHSA supports an education and training pipeline for professionals and pre-professionals to work in the med... |
train_17066 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The exercise of the judicial power of the United States often requires that courts construe statutes to apply them in particular cases and controversies. Judicial interpretation of the meaning of a statute is authoritative in the matter before the court. Beyond this, the methodologies and approaches taken by the courts... | [
"Article I, Section 1 of the Constitution vests all federal legislative power in Congress, while Article I, Section 7 sets forth the process for effectuating this power through passage of legislation by both houses and either presidential approval or veto override. The exercise of the judicial power of the United S... |
train_17067 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | All poor American children and pregnant woman are eligible for Medicaid or the State Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP), although millions are not enrolled. However, some other populations' upper income eligibility threshold for Medicaid is often well below the federal poverty level. For working parents of depe... | [
"To qualify for Medicaid, potential beneficiaries generally must be a member of a covered group and meet certain financial criteria. Although all poor (i.e., below 100% of the federal poverty level, FPL) American children and pregnant woman are eligible for Medicaid or the State Children's Health Insurance Program ... |
train_17068 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Central America faces significant security challenges. Criminal threats, fragile political and judicial systems, and social hardships such as poverty and unemployment contribute to widespread insecurity in the region. Consequently, improving security conditions in these countries is a difficult, multifaceted endeavor. ... | [
"The security situation in Central America has deteriorated over the past decade. Gangs, drug traffickers, and other criminal groups have expanded their activities, contributing to escalating levels of crime and violence that have alarmed citizens and overwhelmed governments. Violence is particularly intense in the... |
train_17069 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This summary of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA) of 1995 will assist Members of Congress and staff seeking succinct information on the statute. The term "unfunded mandates" generally refers to requirements that a unit of government imposes without providing funds to pay for costs of compliance. UMRA establishes ... | [
"Enactment of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (UMRA) culminated years of effort by nonfederal government officials and their advocates to control, if not eliminate, the federal imposition of unfunded mandates. Supporters contend that the statute is needed to forestall federal legislation and regulations th... |
train_17070 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Enacted in 2010, the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) is intended to curb U.S. tax evasion occurring through the use of offshore accounts. Key among its provisions is the requirement that foreign financial institutions (FFIs), such as foreign banks and hedge funds, report information on their U.S. account hol... | [
"O ne of the more controversial tax laws enacted in recent years is the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA). FATCA is intended to curb U.S. tax evasion occurring through the use of offshore accounts. While the law was enacted in 2010 with a 2013 effective date, the IRS delayed FATCA's implementation for seve... |
train_17071 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Traditionally, the Nasdaq stock market was a for-profit, but wholly-owned subsidiary of the nonprofit National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. (NASD), the largest self-regulatory organization (SRO) for the securities industry. In 2000, in a strategic response to an increasingly competitive securities trading ma... | [
"Established in 1971 at the request of the SEC, the Nasdaq stock market is an all-electronic trading facility, which, unlike traditional exchanges like the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and the American Stock Exchange (AMEX), has no trading floors and facilitates the trading of over-the-counter (OTC) stocks throug... |
train_17072 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report provides a chronology of events relevant to U.S. relations with North Korea fromOctober 2002 through December 31, 2004. The chronology includes significant meetings, events,and statements that shed light on the issues surrounding North Korea's nuclear weapons program. An introductory analysis provides backg... | [
"Shortly after President Bush took office in January 2001, the Administration declared itsintent to undertake a full review of U.S. policy towards North Korea, distancing itself from theClinton engagement policy that culminated in Madeleine Albright's October 2000 visit to Pyongyangfor talks to curtail North Korea'... |
train_17073 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In 2017, approximately 39.7 million people, or 12.3% of the population, had incomes below the official definition of poverty in the United States. Poverty statistics provide a measure of economic hardship. The official definition of poverty for the United States uses dollar amounts called poverty thresholds that vary b... | [
"In 2017, approximately 39.7 million people, or 12.3% of the population, had incomes below the official definition of poverty in the United States. The poverty rate (the percentage that were in poverty), fell from 12.7% in 2016, while the number of persons in poverty showed no discernible change. In this report, th... |
train_17074 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Congress created Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA) in the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 to help workers and firms adjust to dislocation that may be caused by increased trade liberalization. It is justified now, as it was then, on grounds that the government has an obligation to help the "losers" of policy-driven trade op... | [
"When Congress passed the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act (RTAA) of 1934, it reflected an important transition in national trade policy away from \"protectionism\" toward greater \"trade liberalization.\" This shift continues to be the dominant, but hardly uncontested, trade policy of the United States. The substan... |
train_17075 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Concern about the availability and use of water to support the nation's people, economy, and environment has bolstered interest in establishing a national water commission. The commission structure proposed in recent legislation (e.g., H.R. 135) is similar to that of the 1968-1973 National Water Commission (NWC or Comm... | [
"Recent Congresses have considered legislation to establish a national water commission modeled after the 1968-1973 National Water Commission (NWC). Interest in a commission stems from basic concerns about how water is being used to support the nation's people, economy, and environment, as well as the appropriate r... |
train_17076 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Congress has created a variety of federal agencies to execute the law. To this end, agencies may adopt rules to implement laws and adjudicate certain disputes arising under such laws. As such, agencies enjoy considerable power to regulate different industries and affect the legal rights of people. In order to control t... | [
"Federal agencies adopt rules to implement statutes that Congress has enacted. These rules, although established by an administrative agency, maintain the force of law. As such, agencies have considerable power to establish and interpret federal law. However, for an agency to promulgate rules, Congress must first g... |
train_17077 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The federal Pell Grant program, authorized by Title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended (HEA; P.L. 89-329), is the single largest source of federal grant aid supporting postsecondary education students. Pell Grants, and their predecessor, Basic Education Opportunity Grants, have been awarded since 1973. ... | [
"The Federal Pell Grant program, authorized by Title IV-A-1 of the Higher Education Act of 1965, (HEA; P.L. 89-329), as amended, is the single largest source of federal grant aid supporting undergraduate students. The program provided approximately $29 billion in aid to approximately 7.2 million undergraduate stude... |
train_17078 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The 109th Congress, like the two before it, is expected to consider proposals to controlemissions of multiple pollutants from electric power plants. The bills include anAdministration-based proposal, the Clear Skies Act (S. 131), which would control emissions ofsulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and mercury... | [
"In February 2002, the Bush Administration announced two air quality proposals to addressthe control of emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), nitrogen oxides (NOx), mercury (Hg), and carbondioxide (CO 2 ). (1) The firstproposal, called \"Clear Skies,\" would amend the Clean Air Act (CAA) to place emission caps onele... |
train_17079 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The level of pay for congressional staff is a source of recurring questions among Members of Congress, congressional staff, and the public. There may be interest in congressional pay data from multiple perspectives, including assessment of the costs of congressional operations; guidance in setting pay levels for staff ... | [
"Levels of pay for congressional staff are a source of recurring questions among Members of Congress, congressional staff, and the public. Senators set the terms and conditions of employment for staff in their offices. This includes job titles and descriptions, rates of pay, subject to minimum and maximum levels, a... |
train_17080 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Rule XI, clause 2(a)(1) directs each standing committee to adopt "written rules governing its procedure." This paragraph continues: "Such rules … (B) may not be inconsistent with the Rules of the House or with those provisions of law having the force and effect of Rules of the House…." Rule XI, clause 1(a)(1)(A) in add... | [
"The primary legislative function of standing committees in the House of Representatives is to evaluate the thousands of bills and resolutions that Members introduce during each two-year Congress, which are normally referred upon introduction to the appropriate committee or committees. This evaluation process typic... |
train_17081 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Lacey Act regulates the trade of wildlife and plants and creates penalties for a broad spectrum of violations. In 2008, the Lacey Act was amended to include protections for foreign plants and to require adherence to foreign laws as they pertain to certain conservation and other activities involving plants. Further,... | [
"The Lacey Act was enacted in 1900 to address game poaching and wildlife laundering, among other things. The Lacey Act regulates the trade of wildlife and plants and creates penalties for a broad spectrum of violations. Violations addressed by the Lacey Act involve domestic and international illegal trade of plants... |
train_17082 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Congress included provisions in the Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012 (P.L. 112-96) for planning, building, and managing a new, nationwide, broadband network for public safety communications, by creating the First Responder Network Authority (FirstNet). The act allocated 10 MHz of additional radio fr... | [
"The First Responder Network Authority (FirstNet) is a federal agency that includes private sector and other non-federal representation on its board of directors. FirstNet was created by Congress with provisions in Title VI (Spectrum Act) of the Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012 ( P.L. 112-96 ) t... |
train_17083 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Many nations maintain armies whose ultimate responsibility is to defeat other nations' combat formations on the battlefield. In order to accomplish this, nations indigenously develop, maintain, and improve a variety of ground combat systems or purchase them from other nations. Ground combat system development and impro... | [
"Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution charges Congress to \"raise and support armies.\" On an annual basis, Congress authorizes and appropriates funds for the Army to, among other things, modernize its fleet of ground combat systems. As part of this process, congressional defense committees annually hold dedica... |
train_17084 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The United States has pursued missile defenses since the dawn of the missile age shortly afterWorld War II. The development and deployment of missile defenses has not only been elusive, buthas been one of the most divisive issues of the past generation until recent years. The Bush Administration substantially altered t... | [
"For FY2006, the Bush Administration requested $8.73 billion for the Missile DefenseAgency (MDA) budget. This includes $3.3 billion for the Ground-Based Interceptor (GBI) program,currently being deployed in Alaska and California. The House-passed defense authorization bill( H.R. 1815 ) provides $8.83 billion, an in... |
train_17085 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The authority of the United States Senate (as well as of the House) to establish the rules for its own proceedings, to "punish" its Members for misconduct, and to expel a Member by a vote of two-thirds of Members present and voting, is provided in the Constitution at Article I, Section 5, clause 2. This express grant o... | [
"Each house of the United States Congress is expressly authorized within the Constitution to \"punish\" its own Members for misconduct, and the Senate has exercised this authority in the past by imposing formal \"censures,\" imposing restitution costs, and by expelling Senators from the Senate. In imposing legislat... |
train_17086 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The speed with which appointments to the Supreme Court move through various stages in the nomination-and-confirmation process is often of great interest not only to all parties directly involved, but, as well, to the nation as a whole. This report provides information on the amount of time taken to act on all Supreme C... | [
"The nomination and confirmation of a Chief Justice or an Associate Justice to the U.S. Supreme Court is an infrequent event of major significance in American public life. To receive what may be lifetime appointment to the Court, a candidate must first be nominated by the President and then confirmed by the Senate.... |
train_17087 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) is the principal government agency responsible for renewable energy technologies and energy efficiency efforts. EERE works with industry, academia, national laboratories, and others to conduct research and development (R&D) ... | [
"This report discusses the FY2017 budget request for the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) as proposed by the Obama Administration in February 2016, the amended FY2017 appropriations request proposed by the Trump Administration in March 2017, and the status ... |
train_17088 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Congress sets national food and agriculture policy through periodic omnibus farm bills. The 115th Congress has the opportunity to establish the future direction of farm and food policy because many of the provisions in the current farm bill (the Agricultural Act of 2014, P.L. 113-79) expire in 2018. The 2014 farm bill ... | [
"Congress has been active in establishing federal policy for the agricultural sector on an ongoing basis since the 1930s. Over the years, as economic conditions and technology have evolved, Congress has regularly revisited agricultural policy through periodic farm legislation. Over these decades, the breadth of pol... |
train_17089 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Workforce Investment Act of 1998 (WIA; P.L. 105-220) is the primary federal program that supports workforce development activities, including job search assistance, career development, and job training. WIA established the One-Stop delivery system as a way to co-locate and coordinate the activities of multiple empl... | [
"The Workforce Investment Act of 1998 (WIA; P.L. 105-220 ) is the primary federal program that supports workforce development. WIA includes four main titles: Title I—Workforce Investment Systems—provides job training and related services to unemployed or underemployed individuals. Title I programs, which are primar... |
train_17090 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Congress has completed action on the FY2003 defense authorization ( H.R. 4546 ) and defense appropriations ( H.R. 5010 ) bills. The President signed the FY2003 defenseappropriations act into law on October 23 ( P.L. 107-248 ), and he signed the FY2003 defenseauthorization act into law on December 2 ( P.L. 107-314 ). In... | [
"On November 12, the House, and on November 13, the Senate, approved a conferenceagreement on the FY2003 defense authorization bill ( H.R. 4546 ), and the Presidentsigned the bill into law on December 2 ( P.L. 107-314 ). Earlier, on October 10, the House, and onOctober 16, the Senate, approved a conference agreemen... |
train_17091 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The U.S. Constitution vests the judicial power in the Supreme Court and any inferior courts established by Congress, limiting the power of federal courts to the context of "cases" or "controversies." Pursuant to constitutional and statutory requirements, courts may hear challenges to the actions of federal agencies in ... | [
"C ongress has created numerous federal agencies charged with carrying out a broad array of delegated statutory responsibilities. Agencies administer their delegated authority in a variety of ways, including by promulgating rules and regulations that bind the public, advising regulated parties of an agency's enforc... |
train_17092 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Changes introduced by the Lisbon Treaty, the European Union's (EU's) reform treaty that took effect on December 1, 2009, have a significant impact on EU governance. The EU is an important partner or interlocutor of the United States in a large number of issues, but the complicated institutional dynamics of the EU can b... | [
"The European Union (EU) is an important partner or interlocutor of the United States on a large number of global political and economic issues. The EU is also a complex, multi-layered entity whose structure and institutional dynamics are not always clearly understood in Washington, DC (or in Europe, for that matte... |
train_17093 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | America's current account (CA) deficit (the trade deficit plus net income payments and net unilateral transfers) rose as a share of gross domestic product (GDP) from 1991 to a record high of about 6% of GDP in 2006. It began falling in 2007, and reached 3% of GDP in 2009. The CA deficit is financed by foreign capital i... | [
"America's current account (CA) (exports less imports plus net income payments and net unilateral transfers) has been in deficit every year but one since 1982. After a year in surplus in 1991, it steadily rose as a share of gross domestic product (GDP) to a record high of 6.1% of GDP in 2005 and 2006. It fell sligh... |
train_17094 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Hurricane Katrina struck the Gulf Coast in late August 2005, causing catastrophic winddamage and flooding in several states, and a massive dislocation of victims across the country. Thestorm was one of the worst natural disasters in the nation's history. Estimates are that more than1,200 people were killed and about 2 ... | [
"Hurricane Katrina struck the Gulf Coast in late August 2005, causing extensive wind damageand catastrophic flooding, and leading to Presidential disaster declarations for Alabama, Florida,Louisiana and Mississippi. The storm was one of the worst natural disasters in the nation's history. Hurricane Rita, which made... |
train_17095 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | About 8.3 million children under age 19 in the United States, or 10.4% of children in this age group, had no health insurance for at least some of 2009. (Similarly, about 10.3% of children in this age group had no health insurance for at least some of 2008.) Children living in families below the poverty threshold, chil... | [
"About 8.3 million children under age 19 in the United States, or 10.4% of children in this age group, had no health insurance for at least some of 2009. (Similarly, about 10.3% of children in this age group had no health insurance for at least some of 2008.) Uninsured children are, on average, less likely than ins... |
train_17096 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | During the 1990s and into the early years of the 21st century, Japan experienced prolonged recessionary economic conditions triggered by the bursting of a bubble in its equity and real estate markets and an ensuing banking crisis. Although the current global financial crisis is much more than Japan's "Great Recession" ... | [
"The global financial and economic crisis is unprecedented in many ways yet not so unique that the experience of other countries is bereft of lessons to be learned. Among the major industrialized economies of the world, Japan's lost decade of the 1990s (what some call Japan's Great Recession ), when it encountered ... |
train_17097 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Southeast Asia is home to more than 625 million people and around 15% of the world's Muslim population. The region has faced the threat of terrorism for decades, but threats in Southeast Asia have never been considered as great as threats in some other regions. However, the rise of the Islamic State poses new, heighten... | [
"Militant Islamist groups have operated in Southeast Asia for decades. The region, home to more than 625 million people, has numerous countries with large Muslim populations, including Indonesia, the world's most populous Muslim-majority nation and the world's third most populous democracy (after India and the Unit... |
train_17098 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Since the 1970s, both the executive branch and Congress have promoted energy efficiencywithin federal agencies. When the federal government's energy-efficiency and conservationprograms received severe budget cuts in the 1980's, Shared Energy Savings and later Energy SavingsPerformance Contracts were devised as part of ... | [
"From the mid-1980s to the end of FY2003, federal agencies had been authorized to enter intoEnergy Savings Performance Contracts (ESPCs) with contractors that privately financed andinstalled energy conservation measures in federal buildings and facilities. In return, the contractorsreceived specified shares of any ... |
train_17099 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Supreme Court in 2004 issued three decisions related to the detention of "enemycombatants," including two that deal with U.S. citizens in military custody on American soil. In Hamdi v. Rumsfeld , a plurality held that a U.S. citizen allegedly captured during combat inAfghanistan and incarcerated at a Navy brig in S... | [
"The Attorney General announced on June 10, 2002, that an American citizen, Jose Padilla,also known as Abdullah Muhajir, was arrested May 8, 2002 upon his return from Pakistan, allegedlywith the intent of participating in a plot to use a radiological bomb against unknown targets withinthe United States. Padilla was... |
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