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METHODS |
We analyzed previously-secret tobacco industry documents. |
RESULTS |
The industry started these programs in the 1980s to forestall legislation that would restrict industry activities. Industry programs portray smoking as an adult choice and fail to discuss how tobacco advertising promotes smoking or the health dangers of smoking. The industry has used these programs to fight taxes, clea... |
CONCLUSIONS |
Tobacco industry youth programs do more harm than good for tobacco control. The tobacco industry should not be allowed to run or directly fund youth smoking prevention programs.Duyarga Aglarl i~in bir r E~uyumcusu Tasarlm ve Uyguiamasl Design and Implementation of a r Synchronizer for Sensor Networks |
Implementation of synchronous algorithms in distributed systems in general is less troublesome than the implementation of asynchronous algorithms. Synchronizers provide synchronous execution ofan asynchronous algorithm in distributed systems. In this study, we propose a y synchronizer for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs... |
Arsenic, a widespread toxic metalloid is class I carcinogen known to cause adverse health effects in human. In the present study, we investigated arsenic accumulation potential and comparative gene expression in Indian mustard. The amount of arsenic accumulated in shoots varied in the range of 15.99 to 1138.70 mg/Kg on... |
Silicon nanowires (SiNWs) have been fabricated by chemical vapor deposition at ambient pressure using SiCl(4) as a silicon source and mesophase carbon microbead powder as a substrate without any templates and/or metal catalysts. The SiNWs have a crystalline core with a very thin amorphous SiO(x) sheath. The obtained Si... |
Tensegrity structures are of interest to architecture and engineering as a practical means to explore lightweight and rapidly deployable modular structures that have a high degree of geometric freedom and formal potency. The notion of tensegrity structures with 3D ‘compressed’ components is introduced and their feasibi... |
Several access schemes have been suggested for dual-bus network topology, e.g., DQDB, Fasnet, CRMA, and Simple. It is therefore important to provide various services in this type of networks. This paper addresses the issue of guaranteeing the timely delivery of isochronous (real-time) messages with hard deadlines in sl... |
This investigation deals with machine repair problems with F-policy and a repair facility that has two unreliable servers and the provision of warm standbys. F-policy implies that when the number of failed machines reaches a maximum capacity K of the system, the next arrival of failed machines is not allowed into the s... |
Although metabolic enzymes are usually highly efficient and specific, they often have inefficient promiscuous activities due to the reactive environments at active sites. Promiscuous activities can become important for fitness if the environment changes, and can provide a starting place for evolution of new enzymes. Th... |
This trial compared two approaches used to introduce parenting skills in a residential staff training program. Fifty staff were randomly assigned to: mastery modelling in which videotaped models demonstrated new skills, coping modelling problem solving (CMPS) in which participants formulated their own solutions to the ... |
The effects of gestational date (13, 14, 15, and 17 days) of administration of methylazoxymethanol acetate (20 mg/kg) on the cortical synaptic chemistry and morphology of the rat has been examined in adult offspring. Treatment at 13 days of gestation (DG) resulted in cortical hypoplasia that affected primarily the deep... |
Structural changes in the amorphous silicon layers have been investigated as process to obtain light emitting silicon nanostructures. It was evidenced that, under 10/sup 13/ and 10/sup 14/ cm/sup -2/ implantation, nanosized crystalline structures grow in the amorphous matrix. Cathodoluminescence spectra with an 400 nm ... |
In this study we compared the position of the electronically active contact of the thalamic (Vim) deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrode to the stereotactic location of its tip. Fifteen patients with either Parkinson’s disease (PD) or essential tremor (ET) underwent stereotactic, MRI-based placement of the Medtronic qu... |
Abstract We study the Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) hypothesis and the PPP puzzle for a sample of seventeen OECD economies when real exchange rates (RERs) are subject to multiple structural breaks. Applying recent panel econometric methods, we first show that RERs are found to be I(1) non-stationary processes when the ... |
OBJECTIVES |
Norovirus outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis are highly prevalent, extensive and can disturb the functioning of health institutions, leading to the closure of hospital wards and causing life-threatening infections in long-term care facilities. There is no vaccine available; hence there is a pressing need for antivirals... |
METHODS |
We reported recently that the viral polymerase inhibitor 2'-C-methylcytidine (2CMC) efficiently protects against murine norovirus (MNV)-induced diarrhoea and mortality in mice. Here, we established an MNV-transmission model, determined the 50% infectious dose and assessed the ability of an antiviral molecule to prevent... |
RESULTS |
A robust norovirus transmission model was established using genogroup V (murine) norovirus in AG129 mice. The 50% infectious dose was determined to be ∼ 270 CCID50 (50% cell culture infectious dose). Treatment of infected mice with 2CMC reduced viral shedding and markedly reduced transmission to uninfected sentinels. A... |
CONCLUSIONS |
These findings constitute an important first step towards developing an efficient prophylaxis for the control of norovirus outbreaks.[Single event multilevel surgery to improve gait in diplegic cerebral palsy - a prospective controlled trial]. |
AIM |
To evaluate prospectively the outcome of gait-improvement surgery in children with spastic diplegia. |
METHOD |
Three-dimensional gait analysis was performed in twenty children with spastic diplegia. Ten children underwent single event multilevel surgery for gait improvement. Indications for individual procedures followed a fixed set of selection criteria. The other ten children continued with their physiotherapy programme and s... |
RESULTS |
The patients walked faster with an increased stride length after surgery in comparison to the conservatively treated controls. The average pelvic tilt increased slightly and the range of motion of the knee joint increased considerably after multilevel surgery. The motion at the ankle remained unchanged over the study p... |
CONCLUSION |
This prospective trial showed favourable changes in gait function after multilevel surgery in spastic diplegic children.Female Sexual Stimulation During Antidepressant Treatment |
Three women with several diagnoses, including depression and psychosis, personality disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, alcohol abuse, and physical disease, were treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (fluoxetine, paroxetine, fluvoxamine). One patient was prescribed paroxetine in addition ... |
The emerging notion of active networks describes the general vision of communication network evolution, where the network nodes become active because they take part in the computation of applications and provision of customized services. In this context mobile agent technology and programmable switches are considered a... |
Section Editor: Marc Fisher MD |
Eleven years ago, on June 1, 1991, Dr J.P. Mohr addressed delegates of the International Conference on Stroke, Geneva, about anticoagulants as a therapeutic strategy in stroke. He bemoaned the fact that heparin and warfarin had the “bad luck” to be manufactured initially in the post-World War II period, before drugs we... |
Noncardioembolic ischemic stroke underpins ≈60% of all first-ever and recurrent strokes. The major causes are (1) thrombotic occlusion of large and medium-sized arteries that is due to in situ atherothrombosis or atherothromboembolism and (2) thrombotic occlusion of small perforating intracerebral arteries affected by ... |
The formation of thrombus on the subendothelial tissue of arteries depends on the initial formation of a platelet plug (by means of platelet adhesion, activation, and aggregation) and the generation of a meshwork of fibrin (by means of the coagulation cascade). Antiplatelet drugs are designed to prevent the formation o... |
### Indirect Comparisons of Effectiveness Compared With Control |
A …Some Important Diseases and Pests of Sugarcane in Nigeria and Their Control |
Sugarcane smut (Ustilagoscitaminea), red rot (Glomerellatucumanensis), sugarcane leaf blast (Paraphaeosphaeriamichotil). sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) and Curvularia leaf spot are the prevalent diseases of sugarcane in Nigeria today. Sugarcane pests of economic importance include the stemborers, termites and nematodes.... |
investigation belongs to a Hegelian framework of dialectics that aims to demonstrate the necessary itself in the dialectical inquiry of history (p. 261). The book demonstrates a clear ambition of providing a dialectical investigation into the historical social sciences and implicitly aims to dispel a number of prevalen... |
This thesis study the using of ontologies in information retrieval system dedicated to a specific domain. For that we propose a two-level approach to deal with i) the query formulation that assists the user in selecting concepts and properties of the used ontology ; ii) the query recommendation that uses the Case-based... |
In minimally invasive surgery, the surgeon and the assistant rely on a single laparoscopic video view for performing different clinical roles. The assistant is tasked with manipulating the camera view so as to maintain a global, panoramic view of the operation. The surgeon needs to remain focused on the operation, requ... |
Abstract Objectives: To highlight the difficulty in making a correct diagnosis of benign schwannoma in the paranasal region, to raise awareness of this rare condition, and to suggest the most appropriate treatment. Method: Retrieval of cases retrospectively from archives of the histopathology department of a major UK c... |
Coupling to ion Bernstein waves near the first harmonic of the ion cyclotron resonance with coil antennas is investigated by using a plane layered model of a tokamak plasma. The boundary conditions in vacuum are solved analytically for arbitrary orientation of the antenna and Faraday screen conductors, in terms of the ... |
The bonding strength to titanium, thermal expansion, and bending strength of glassy porcelain containing barium of 5, 10, and 15 mass% were estimated and compared with those of barium-free porcelain, to estimate the effect of barium content on bonding strength to titanium. The three different glassy porcelains containi... |
The feature of streptomycin resistance in S. erythraeus, a culture producing erythromycin, is genetically unstable. Mutants sensitive to 0.03 mg/ml of streptomycin are formed in the initial streptomycin resistant strains at a rate of 0.04 per cent. It was shown possible to perform step-by-step selection for increasing ... |
Since its initial discovery in the 1500s, the cecal appendix has been an anatomical structure of great intrigue, notorious for its inconvenient tendency to become inflamed and often require surgical intervention. Appendicitis is one of the most common indications for emergency abdominal surgery, costing healthcare syst... |
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