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Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the causes of Pseudobulbar affect? | Pseudobulbar affect (PBA) typically occurs in people with neurological conditions or injuries, including:
• Stroke
• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
• Multiple sclerosis (MS)
• Traumatic brain injury
• Alzheimer's disease
• Parkinson's disease
While further research is needed, the cause of PBA is believed to... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the complications of Pseudobulbar affect? | Severe symptoms of pseudobulbar affect (PBA) can cause embarrassment, social isolation, anxiety and depression. The condition might interfere with your ability to work and do daily tasks, especially when you're already coping with a neurological condition. | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the Overview of Pseudogout? | Pseudogout (SOO-doe-gout) is a form of arthritis characterized by sudden, painful swelling in one or more of the joints. Episodes can last for days or weeks.
Pseudogout is formally known as calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease or CPPD. But the condition is commonly called pseudogout because of its similarity to go... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the symptoms of Pseudogout? | Pseudogout most commonly affects the knees. Less often, it affects the wrists and ankles. When a pseudogout attack occurs, the affected joints are usually:
• Swollen
• Warm
• Severely painful | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the causes of Pseudogout? | Pseudogout has been linked to the presence of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals within the affected joint. These crystals become more numerous as people age, appearing in nearly half the population older than age 85. But most people who have these crystal deposits never develop pseudogout. It's not clear why som... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the risk factors of Pseudogout? | Factors that can increase your risk of pseudogout include:
• Older age.The risk of developing pseudogout increases with age.
• Joint trauma.Trauma to a joint, such as a serious injury or surgery, increases the risk of pseudogout in that joint.
• Genetic disorder.In some families, family members have a hereditary ten... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the complications of Pseudogout? | The crystal deposits associated with pseudogout can also cause joint damage, which can mimic the signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis. | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the Overview of Psoriasis? | Psoriasis is a skin disease that causes a rash with itchy, scaly patches, most commonly on the knees, elbows, trunk and scalp.
Psoriasis is a common, long-term (chronic) disease with no cure. It can be painful, interfere with sleep and make it hard to concentrate. The condition tends to go through cycles, flaring for ... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the symptoms of Psoriasis? | Common signs and symptoms of psoriasis include:
• A patchy rash that varies widely in how it looks from person to person, ranging from spots of dandruff-like scaling to major eruptions over much of the body
• Rashes that vary in color, tending to be shades of purple with gray scale on brown or Black skin and pink or ... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the causes of Psoriasis? | Psoriasis is thought to be an immune system problem that causes skin cells to grow faster than usual. In the most common type of psoriasis, known as plaque psoriasis, this rapid turnover of cells results in dry, scaly patches.
The cause of psoriasis isn't fully understood. It's thought to be an immune system problem w... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the risk factors of Psoriasis? | Anyone can develop psoriasis. About a third of instances begin in childhood. These factors can increase the risk of developing the disease:
• Family history.The condition runs in families. Having one parent with psoriasis increases your risk of getting the disease. And having two parents with psoriasis increases your ... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the complications of Psoriasis? | If you have psoriasis, you're at greater risk of developing other conditions, including:
• Psoriatic arthritis, which causes pain, stiffness, and swelling in and around the joints
• Temporary skin color changes (post-inflammatory hypopigmentation or hyperpigmentation) where plaques have healed
• Eye conditions, such... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the Overview of Pulmonary atresia? | Pulmonary atresia (uh-TREE-zhuh) is a heart problem present at birth. That means it is a congenital heart defect. In this condition, the valve that helps move blood from the heart to the lungs doesn't form correctly. The valve is called the pulmonary valve.
Instead of a valve that opens and closes, a solid sheet of ti... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the symptoms of Pulmonary atresia? | Symptoms of pulmonary atresia may be seen soon after birth. They can include:
• Blue or gray skin, lips or fingernails due to low oxygen levels. Depending on the skin color, these changes may be harder or easier to see.
• Fast breathing or shortness of breath.
• Tiring easily.
• Not feeding well. | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the causes of Pulmonary atresia? | The cause of pulmonary atresia is not clear. During the first six weeks of pregnancy, the baby's heart begins to form and starts beating. The major blood vessels that run to and from the heart also begin to develop during this critical time. It's at this point in a baby's development that a congenital heart defect such... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the risk factors of Pulmonary atresia? | Pulmonary atresia happens as the baby's heart is forming during pregnancy. Certain health conditions or illicit drug use during pregnancy may increase a baby's risk of pulmonary atresia or other congenital heart defects. Risk factors include:
• Obesity.
• Alcohol or tobacco use.
• Diabetes.
• Use of some types of m... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the complications of Pulmonary atresia? | Without treatment, pulmonary atresia most often leads to death. After surgery for pulmonary atresia, babies need regular health checkups throughout their lives to watch for complications.
Complications of pulmonary atresia may include:
• Bacterial infection of the inner lining of the heart and valves, called infectio... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What is the prevention of Pulmonary atresia? | It might not be possible to prevent pulmonary atresia. But getting good prenatal care is important. Some things you can do before or during pregnancy might help lower your baby's risk of congenital heart defects. They include:
• Control other health conditions.If you have diabetes, keep your blood sugar in check. For ... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the Pulmonary atresia of Pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum? | • Symptoms&causes
• Diagnosis&treatment
• Doctors&departments
• Care atMayoClinic | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the Overview of Pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect? | Pulmonary atresia (uh-TREE-zhuh) with ventricular septal defect, also called PA-VSD, is a heart condition present at birth. That means it's a congenital heart defect.
In pulmonary atresia, the valve between the heart and lungs is not fully formed. This valve is called the pulmonary valve. Blood can't flow from the rig... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the symptoms of Pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect? | Symptoms of pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect, also called PA-VSD, may appear at birth or very soon after. They can include:
• Blue or gray skin. This change may be harder or easier to see depending on skin color.
• Fast breathing or shortness of breath.
• Tiredness.
• Poor feeding. | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the causes of Pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect? | The cause of pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect, also called PA-VSD, is not clear. Most congenital heart conditions happen during the first six weeks of pregnancy. The major blood vessels that run to and from the heart also begin to grow at this time. This is when a congenital heart defect such as pulmona... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the risk factors of Pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect? | It's not clear what increases the risk of pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect. Possible risk factors for congenital heart conditions in general may include:
• Smoking.If you smoke, quit. Smoking during pregnancy or being around cigarette smoke increases the risk of some congenital heart conditions.
• Alc... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the Overview of Pulmonary valve disease? | Pulmonary valve disease is a type of heart valve disease. It affects the valve between the heart's lower right chamber and the artery that delivers blood to the lungs. That artery is called the pulmonary artery. The valve is called the pulmonary valve.
A diseased or damaged pulmonary valve doesn't work the way it shou... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the symptoms of Pulmonary valve disease? | Symptoms of pulmonary valve disease depend on the specific valve condition and how much blood flow is changed or blocked. Some babies are born with pulmonary valve disease. Symptoms may be noticed soon after birth. But sometimes symptoms aren't seen until later in life.
In general, pulmonary valve disease symptoms may... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the causes of Pulmonary valve disease? | Usually, pulmonary valve disease is caused by a heart condition that develops before birth, called a congenital heart defect. But pulmonary valve disease may happen later in life as a complication of another illness.
To understand how pulmonary valve disease happens, it might help to know how the valve works.
The pul... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the risk factors of Pulmonary valve disease? | Things that can raise the risk of pulmonary valve disease are:
• A heart condition that you're born with, also called a congenital heart defect.Some congenital heart defects affect the shape of the pulmonary valve and how it works.
• Carcinoid syndrome.This condition happens when a rare cancerous tumor sends chemical... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the Overview of Pyloric stenosis? | Pyloric stenosis (pie-LOHR-ik stuh-NOH-sis) is a narrowing of the opening between the stomach and the small intestine. This uncommon condition in infants can trap food in the stomach.
Typically, a ring-shaped muscular valve closes to hold food in the stomach or opens to allow food to pass into the small intestine. Wit... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the symptoms of Pyloric stenosis? | Symptoms of pyloric stenosis usually appear within 3 to 6 weeks after birth. Pyloric stenosis is rare in babies older than 3 months.
Symptoms include:
• Vomiting after feeding.The baby may vomit forcefully, ejecting breast milk or formula up to several feet away. This is known as projectile vomiting. Vomiting usually... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the causes of Pyloric stenosis? | The causes of pyloric stenosis are unknown, but genes and environmental factors might play a role. Pyloric stenosis usually isn't present at birth but develops afterward. | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the risk factors of Pyloric stenosis? | Pylorid stenosis is not a common condition. It is more likely in babies who:
• Are boys.
• Are first-born children.
• Were born prematurely.
• Have a family history of pyloric stenosis.
• Were born to a cigarette smoker.
• Were exposed to certain antibiotics late in the pregnancy or after birth.
• Are bottle-fed... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the complications of Pyloric stenosis? | Pyloric stenosis can lead to:
• Failure to grow and develop.The lack of nutrition causes poor growth, weight gain and development.
• Dehydration.Frequent vomiting can cause low fluid levels, called dehydration. This condition also may result in an imbalance in minerals called electrolytes. These minerals help regulat... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the Overview of Pyoderma gangrenosum? | Pyoderma gangrenosum (pie-o-DUR-muh gang-ruh-NO-sum) is a rare condition that causes large, painful sores on the skin. The sores can develop quickly. Most often they appear on the legs.
The exact causes of pyoderma gangrenosum are unknown, but it appears to be a disorder of the immune system. People who have certain o... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the symptoms of Pyoderma gangrenosum? | Pyoderma gangrenosum usually starts with a small bump on the skin. It might look like a spider bite. Within days it can turn into a large and painful open sore.
The sore usually appears on the legs but may develop anywhere on the body. Sometimes it appears around surgical sites. If you have two or more sores, they may... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the causes of Pyoderma gangrenosum? | No one knows the exact cause of pyoderma gangrenosum. It's often seen in people who have autoimmune diseases, such as ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease and arthritis. And some studies suggest that it may be passed down through families.
If you have pyoderma gangrenosum, getting a cut or other skin wound can bring on... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the risk factors of Pyoderma gangrenosum? | Certain factors may increase your risk of pyoderma gangrenosum, including:
• Being a woman between 20 and 50 years of age.
• Having an inflammatory bowel disease, such as ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease.
• Having rheumatoid arthritis.
• Having a blood disorder, such as acute myelogenous leukemia or myelodyspl... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the complications of Pyoderma gangrenosum? | Possible complications of pyoderma gangrenosum include infection, uncontrolled pain, scarring and and changes in skin color after the affected skin heals. This change in skin color is called postinflammatory hyperpigmentation when the skin darkens and postinflammatory hypopigmentation when the skin loses color. People ... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What is the prevention of Pyoderma gangrenosum? | You can't prevent the first instance of pyoderma gangrenosum. If you have the condition, you can help prevent new sores by protecting your skin from injury. Injury or trauma to the skin, including from surgery, can cause new sores to form.
It also may help to control any other condition you have that's related to pyod... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the Overview of Sacral dimple? | A sacral dimple is an indentation or pit in the skin on the lower back that is present at birth in some babies. It's usually just above the crease between the buttocks. Most sacral dimples are harmless and don't need treatment.
A sacral dimple can be a sign of a serious spinal problem in a newborn if the dimple is lar... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the symptoms of Sacral dimple? | A sacral dimple is an indentation or pit in the skin on the lower back. It's usually located just above the crease between the buttocks. | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the causes of Sacral dimple? | There are no known causes for a sacral dimple. It is a congenital condition, meaning it's present at birth. | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the risk factors of Sacral dimple? | Risk factors for sacral dimples include being born with a spinal cord problem, such as tethered cord syndrome. In this condition the spinal cord doesn't hang free within the spinal canal. Sacral dimples also can be present in newborns without other health conditions. | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the complications of Sacral dimple? | Rarely, sacral dimples are associated with a serious underlying abnormality of the spine or spinal cord. Examples include:
• Spina bifida.A very mild form of this condition, called spina bifida occulta, occurs when the spine doesn't close properly around the spinal cord, but the cord remains within the spinal canal. I... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the Overview of Schizoid personality disorder? | Schizoid personality disorder is a condition where a person shows very little, if any, interest and ability to form relationships with other people. It's very hard for the person to express a full range of emotions.
If you have schizoid personality disorder, you may be seen as keeping to yourself or rejecting others. ... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the symptoms of Schizoid personality disorder? | If you have schizoid personality disorder, it's likely that you:
• Want to be alone and do activities alone.
• Do not want or enjoy close relationships.
• Feel little if any desire for sexual relationships.
• Take pleasure in few activities, if any.
• Find it hard to express your emotions and react.
• May lack hu... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the causes of Schizoid personality disorder? | Personality is the blend of thoughts, emotions and behaviors that makes you special. It's the way you view, understand and relate to the outside world. It's also how you see yourself. Personality forms when you're a child. It's shaped through a blend of your surroundings and genes passed down from your parents.
Childr... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the risk factors of Schizoid personality disorder? | Factors that raise your risk of schizoid personality disorder include:
• Having a parent or another relative who has schizoid personality disorder, schizotypal personality disorder or schizophrenia.
• Having a parent who was cold, did not properly care for you and did not take action to help you emotionally. | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the complications of Schizoid personality disorder? | People with schizoid personality disorder are at higher risk of:
• Schizotypal personality disorder or schizophrenia.
• Other personality disorders.
• Major depression.
• Anxiety disorders. | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the Overview of Schizotypal personality disorder? | People with schizotypal personality disorder are often described as odd or eccentric, and they usually have few, if any, close relationships. They generally don't know how relationships form or how their behavior affects others. They also tend to misinterpret others' motivations and behaviors and greatly distrust other... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the symptoms of Schizotypal personality disorder? | Schizotypal personality disorder usually includes five or more of these symptoms. The person may:
• Be a loner and lack close friends and other relationships outside of the immediate family.
• Have flat emotions or have emotional responses that are limited or not proper socially.
• Have too much social anxiety, whic... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the causes of Schizotypal personality disorder? | It's not known what causes schizotypal personality disorder. But it's likely that changes in the way the brain functions, genetics, environmental influences and learned behaviors play a role. | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the risk factors of Schizotypal personality disorder? | You may be more at risk of schizotypal personality disorder if a relative has schizophrenia or another psychotic disorder. | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the complications of Schizotypal personality disorder? | People with schizotypal personality disorder are more at risk of:
• Depression.
• Anxiety.
• Other personality disorders.
• Schizophrenia.
• Temporary psychotic bouts, usually in response to stress.
• Misuse of alcohol or drugs.
• Suicide attempts.
• Problems with work, school and other social relationships. | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the Overview of Uterine prolapse? | Uterine prolapse occurs when pelvic floor muscles and ligaments stretch and weaken until they no longer provide enough support for the uterus. As a result, the uterus slips down into or protrudes out of the vagina.
Uterine prolapse most often affects people after menopause who've had one or more vaginal deliveries.
M... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the symptoms of Uterine prolapse? | Mild uterine prolapse is common after childbirth. It generally doesn't cause symptoms. Symptoms of moderate to severe uterine prolapse include:
• Seeing or feeling tissue bulge out of the vagina
• Feeling heaviness or pulling in the pelvis
• Feeling like the bladder doesn't empty all the way when you use the bathroo... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the Women’s health topics - straight to your inbox of Uterine prolapse? | Get the latest information from our Mayo Clinic experts on women’s health topics, serious and complex conditions, wellness and more.Click to view a previewand subscribe below. | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the causes of Uterine prolapse? | Uterine prolapse results from the weakening of pelvic muscles and supportive tissues. Causes of weakened pelvic muscles and tissues include:
• Vaginal delivery
• Age at first delivery (older women are at higher risk of pelvic floor injuries compared with younger women)
• Difficult labor and delivery or trauma during... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What is the prevention of Uterine prolapse? | To reduce the risk of uterine prolapse, try to:
• Prevent constipation.Drink plenty of fluids and eat high-fiber foods, such as fruits, vegetables, beans and whole-grains.
• Avoid heavy lifting.If you have to lift something heavy, do it correctly. Correct lifting uses the legs instead of the waist or back.
• Control... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the Overview of Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome? | Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is a heart condition present at birth. That means it's a congenital heart defect. People withWPWsyndrome have an extra pathway for signals to travel between the heart's upper and lower chambers. This causes a fast heartbeat. Changes in the heartbeat can make it harder for the heart ... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the symptoms of Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome? | The heart rate is the number of times the heart beats each minute. A fast heart rate is called tachycardia (tak-ih-KAHR-dee-uh).
The most common symptom of Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is a heart rate greater than 100 beats a minute.
InWPWsyndrome, the fast heartbeat can begin suddenly. It may last a few seco... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the complications of Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome? | WPWsyndrome has been linked to sudden cardiac death in children and young adults. | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the Overview of Wrist pain? | Wrist pain is often caused by sprains or fractures from sudden injuries. But wrist pain also can result from long-term problems, such as repetitive stress, arthritis and carpal tunnel syndrome.
Because so many factors can lead to wrist pain, diagnosing the exact cause can be difficult. But an accurate diagnosis is ess... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the symptoms of Wrist pain? | Wrist pain may vary, depending on the cause. For example, osteoarthritis pain often is described as being similar to a dull toothache. Carpal tunnel syndrome usually causes a pins and needles feeling. This tingling sensation often occurs in the thumb and index and middle fingers, especially at night. The precise locati... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the causes of Wrist pain? | Damage to any of the parts of your wrist can cause pain and affect your ability to use your wrist and hand. The damage may result from: | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the risk factors of Wrist pain? | Wrist pain can happen to anyone — whether you're very sedentary, very active or somewhere in between. But the risk may be increased by:
• Sports participation.Wrist injuries are common in many sports, both those that involve impact and those that involve repetitive stress on the wrist. These can include football, bowl... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What is the prevention of Wrist pain? | It's impossible to prevent the unforeseen events that often cause wrist injuries, but these basic tips may offer some protection:
• Build bone strength.Getting adequate amounts of calcium can help prevent fractures. For most adults, that means 1,000 to 1,200 milligrams a day.
• Prevent falls.Falling forward onto an o... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the Overview of Radiation enteritis? | Radiation enteritis is inflammation of the intestines that occurs after radiation therapy.
Radiation enteritis causes diarrhea, nausea, vomiting and stomach cramps in people receiving radiation aimed at the abdomen, pelvis or rectum. It's most common in people receiving radiation therapy for cancer in the abdomen and ... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the symptoms of Radiation enteritis? | The symptoms of radiation enteritis include diarrhea, nausea, vomiting and stomach cramps. Symptoms occur because of irritation of the intestines from radiation therapy for cancer. Symptoms usually go away several weeks after treatment ends. But sometimes they last longer. Radiation enteritis that goes on for longer ca... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the risk factors of Radiation enteritis? | The risk of radiation enteritis is higher in people undergoing radiation treatments for cancers in the belly and the pelvis. Radiation enteritis occurs because radiation therapy can cause irritation of the intestines. | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the Overview of Raynaud's disease? | Raynaud's (ray-NOSE) disease causes some areas of the body — such as fingers and toes — to feel numb and cold in response to cold temperatures or stress. In Raynaud's disease, smaller blood vessels that supply blood to the skin narrow. This limits blood flow to affected areas, which is called vasospasm.
Other names fo... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the symptoms of Raynaud's disease? | Symptoms of Raynaud's disease include:
• Cold fingers or toes.
• Areas of skin that turn white then blue. Depending on your skin color, these color changes may be harder or easier to see.
• Numb, prickly feeling or stinging pain upon warming or easing of stress.
During an attack of Raynaud's, affected areas of the ... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the causes of Raynaud's disease? | Experts don't fully understand the cause of Raynaud's attacks. But blood vessels in the hands and feet appear to react too strongly to cold temperatures or stress.
With Raynaud's, blood vessels to the fingers and toes narrow when exposed to cold or stress. The narrowed vessels limit blood flow. Over time, these small ... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the risk factors of Raynaud's disease? | Risk factors for primary Raynaud's include:
• Sex assigned at birth.The condition affects more women than men.
• Age.Although anyone can develop the condition, primary Raynaud's often begins between the ages of 15 and 30.
• Climate.The illness also is more common in people who live in colder climates.
• Family hist... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the complications of Raynaud's disease? | If secondary Raynaud's is severe, reduced blood flow to fingers or toes could cause tissue damage. But that's rare.
A completely blocked blood vessel can lead to skin sores or dead tissue. This can be difficult to treat. Rarely, very bad untreated instances might require removing the affected part of the body. | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What is the prevention of Raynaud's disease? | To help prevent Raynaud's attacks:
• Bundle up outdoors.When it's cold, wear a hat, scarf, socks and boots, and two sets of mittens or gloves. Thermal underwear might help. A coat with cuffs that close around mittens or gloves helps protect the hands from cold air.Wear earmuffs and a face mask if the tip of your nose ... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the Overview of Rectal prolapse? | Rectal prolapse happens when the rectum slips out of the anus and can be seen outside the body. While rectal prolapse may cause pain, it's rarely a medical emergency.
Rectal prolapse is sometimes treated with stool softeners, suppositories and other medicines. But surgery is usually needed to treat rectal prolapse. | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the symptoms of Rectal prolapse? | If you have rectal prolapse, you may notice a reddish lump that comes out of the anus, often while straining during a bowel movement. The lump may slip back inside the anus, or it may continue to be seen.
Other symptoms may include:
• You cannot control your bowel movements, known as fecal incontinence.
• Constipati... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the causes of Rectal prolapse? | The cause of rectal prolapse is unclear. Though it's a common belief that rectal prolapse is related to childbirth, about one-third of women with this health problem never had children. | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the risk factors of Rectal prolapse? | Some things may increase your risk of getting rectal prolapse, including:
• Sex.Most people with rectal prolapse are women.
• Age.Rectal prolapse most often happens in people over age 50.
• Constipation.Straining may increase the risk of rectal prolapse. | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the symptoms of Rectovaginal fistula? | The most common symptom of a rectovaginal fistula is passing gas or stool from the vagina. Depending on the fistula's size and location, you may have only minor symptoms. Or you may have significant problems with stool and gas leakage and keeping the area clean. | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the Women’s health topics - straight to your inbox of Rectovaginal fistula? | Get the latest information from our Mayo Clinic experts on women’s health topics, serious and complex conditions, wellness and more.Click to view a previewand subscribe below. | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the causes of Rectovaginal fistula? | A rectovaginal fistula may form as a result of:
• Injuries during childbirth.Delivery-related injuries are the most common cause of rectovaginal fistulas. Injuries include tears in the perineum — the skin between the vagina and the anus — that extend to the bowel or an infection. Fistulas caused by injuries during chi... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the risk factors of Rectovaginal fistula? | A rectovaginal fistula has no clear risk factors. | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the complications of Rectovaginal fistula? | Complications of a rectovaginal fistula may include:
• Uncontrolled loss of stool, called fecal incontinence.
• Problems keeping the perineum clean.
• Recurrent vaginal or urinary tract infections.
• Irritation or inflammation of your vagina, perineum or the skin around your anus.
• Fistula recurrence.
• Issues w... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What is the prevention of Rectovaginal fistula? | There are no steps you need to take to prevent a rectovaginal fistula. | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the Overview of Recurrent breast cancer? | Recurrent breast cancer is breast cancer that comes back after initial treatment. Although the initial treatment is aimed at eliminating all cancer cells, a few may have evaded treatment and survived. These undetected cancer cells multiply, becoming recurrent breast cancer.
Recurrent breast cancer may occur months or ... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the symptoms of Recurrent breast cancer? | Signs and symptoms of recurrent breast cancer vary depending on where the cancer comes back. | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the causes of Recurrent breast cancer? | Recurrent breast cancer occurs when cells that were part of your original breast cancer break away from the original tumor and hide nearby in the breast or in another part of your body. Later, these cells begin growing again.
The chemotherapy, radiation, hormone therapy or other treatment you may have received after y... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the risk factors of Recurrent breast cancer? | For breast cancer survivors, factors that increase the risk of a recurrence include:
• Lymph node involvement.Finding cancer in nearby lymph nodes at the time of your original diagnosis increases your risk of the cancer coming back.
• Larger tumor size.People with larger tumors have a greater risk of recurrent breast... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What is the prevention of Recurrent breast cancer? | Strategies that have been linked to a reduced risk of breast cancer recurrence include:
• Hormone therapy.Taking hormone therapy after your initial treatment may reduce the risk of recurrence if you have hormone receptor positive breast cancer. Hormone therapy may continue for at least five years.
• Chemotherapy.For ... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the Overview of REM sleep behavior disorder? | Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder is a sleep disorder in which you physically act out vivid, often unpleasant dreams with vocal sounds and sudden, often violent arm and leg movements during REM sleep — sometimes called dream-enacting behavior.
You normally don't move during REM sleep, a normal stage of ... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the symptoms of REM sleep behavior disorder? | With REM sleep behavior disorder, instead of experiencing the normal temporary paralysis of your arms and legs (atonia) during REM sleep, you physically act out your dreams.
The onset can be gradual or sudden, and episodes may occur occasionally or several times a night. The disorder often worsens with time.
Symptoms... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the causes of REM sleep behavior disorder? | Nerve pathways in the brain that prevent muscles from moving are active during normal REM or dreaming sleep, resulting in temporary paralysis of your body. In REM sleep behavior disorder, these pathways no longer work and you may physically act out your dreams. | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the risk factors of REM sleep behavior disorder? | Factors associated with the development of REM sleep behavior disorder include:
• Being male and over 50 years old— however, more women are now being diagnosed with the disorder, especially under age 50, and young adults and children can develop the disorder, usually in association with narcolepsy, antidepressant use ... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the complications of REM sleep behavior disorder? | Complications caused by REM sleep behavior disorder may include:
• Distress to your sleeping partner or other people living in your home
• Social isolation for fear that others may become aware of your sleep disruption
• Injury to yourself or your sleeping partner | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the Overview of Renal artery stenosis? | Renal artery stenosis is the narrowing of one or more arteries that carry blood to your kidneys (renal arteries).
Narrowing of the arteries prevents enough oxygen-rich blood from reaching your kidneys. Your kidneys need adequate blood flow to help filter waste products and remove excess fluids. Reduced blood flow to y... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the symptoms of Renal artery stenosis? | Renal artery stenosis often doesn't cause any signs or symptoms until it's advanced. The condition may be discovered incidentally during testing for something else. Your health care provider may also suspect a problem if you have:
• High blood pressure that begins suddenly or worsens without explanation
• High blood ... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the causes of Renal artery stenosis? | The two main causes of renal artery stenosis include:
• Buildup on kidney (renal) arteries.Fats, cholesterol and other substances (plaque) can build up in and on your kidney artery walls (atherosclerosis). As these deposits get larger, they can harden, reduce blood flow, cause kidney scarring and eventually narrow the... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the risk factors of Renal artery stenosis? | Most cases of renal artery stenosis result from narrowed kidney arteries. Risk factors that make narrowed arteries more likely in your kidneys and other parts of your body include:
• Aging
• High blood pressure
• High cholesterol
• Diabetes
• Obesity
• Smoking and other tobacco use
• A family history of early he... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the complications of Renal artery stenosis? | Possible complications of renal artery stenosis include:
• High blood pressure
• Kidney failure, requiring treatment with dialysis or a kidney transplant
• Fluid retention in your legs, causing swollen ankles or feet
• Shortness of breath due to a sudden buildup of fluid in the lungs | local_scraped |
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