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Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What is the prevention of Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)? | There's no sure way to prevent oppositional defiant disorder. But positive parenting and early treatment can help improve behavior and prevent the situation from getting worse. The earlier thatODDcan be managed, the better.
Treatment can help restore your child's self-esteem and rebuild a positive relationship between... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the Overview of Orchitis? | Orchitis (or-KIE-tis) refers to infection or swelling and irritation, called inflammation, of one or both testicles. Infections are common causes of orchitis. These include sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and infection with the mumps virus.
Orchitis often is linked with an infection of the epididymis, which is ... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the symptoms of Orchitis? | Orchitis symptoms most often come on quickly. They can include:
• Swelling in one or both testicles.
• Pain ranging from mild to very bad.
• Fever.
• Nausea and vomiting.
• Feeling ill, called malaise. | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the causes of Orchitis? | Infection with a virus or bacteria can cause orchitis. Sometimes a cause can't be found. | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the risk factors of Orchitis? | Factors that raise the risk of orchitis include untreated conditions that block the urinary tract. These include prostate enlargement or scar tissue in the urethra, called urethral stricture.
Procedures done through the urethra also raise the risk of orchitis. These include having a tube, called a catheter, or a scope... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the complications of Orchitis? | Most often, orchitis gets better with supportive care. It can take several weeks or months before the pain and swelling go away. Rarely, complications of orchitis may include:
• Testicular atrophy.Over time, orchitis can cause the affected testicle to shrink.
• Scrotal abscess.The infected tissue fills with pus.
• I... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What is the prevention of Orchitis? | To help prevent orchitis:
• Get the vaccine against mumps, the most common cause of viral orchitis.
• Practice safe sex to help protect against STIs that can cause bacterial orchitis.
• Talk with your healthcare professional if you have trouble with urination. That may mean you have a blockage or other condition tha... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the Overview of Osteochondritis dissecans? | Osteochondritis dissecans (os-tee-o-kon-DRY-tis DIS-uh-kanz) is a joint condition in which bone underneath the cartilage of a joint dies due to lack of blood flow. This bone and cartilage can then break loose, causing pain and possibly hindering joint motion.
Osteochondritis dissecans occurs most often in children and... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the symptoms of Osteochondritis dissecans? | Depending on the joint that's affected, signs and symptoms of osteochondritis dissecans might include:
• Pain.This most common symptom of osteochondritis dissecans might be triggered by physical activity — walking up stairs, climbing a hill or playing sports.
• Swelling and tenderness.The skin around your joint might... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the causes of Osteochondritis dissecans? | The cause of osteochondritis dissecans is unknown. The reduced blood flow to the end of the affected bone might result from repetitive trauma — small, multiple episodes of minor, unrecognized injury that damage the bone. There might be a genetic component, making some people more inclined to develop the disorder. | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the risk factors of Osteochondritis dissecans? | Osteochondritis dissecans occurs most commonly in children and adolescents between the ages of 10 and 20 who are highly active in sports. | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the complications of Osteochondritis dissecans? | Osteochondritis dissecans can increase your risk of eventually developing osteoarthritis in that joint. | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What is the prevention of Osteochondritis dissecans? | Adolescents participating in organized sports might benefit from education on the risks to their joints associated with overuse. Learning the proper mechanics and techniques of their sport, using the proper protective gear, and participating in strength training and stability training exercises can help reduce the chan... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the Overview of Osteoporosis? | Osteoporosis causes bones to become weak and brittle — so brittle that a fall or even mild stresses such as bending over or coughing can cause a break. Osteoporosis-related breaks most commonly occur in the hip, wrist or spine.
Bone is living tissue that is constantly being broken down and replaced. Osteoporosis occur... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the symptoms of Osteoporosis? | There typically are no symptoms in the early stages of bone loss. But once your bones have been weakened by osteoporosis, you might have signs and symptoms that include:
• Back pain, caused by a broken or collapsed bone in the spine.
• Loss of height over time.
• A stooped posture.
• A bone that breaks much more ea... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the causes of Osteoporosis? | Your bones are in a constant state of renewal — new bone is made and old bone is broken down. When you're young, your body makes new bone faster than it breaks down old bone and your bone mass increases. After the early 20s this process slows, and most people reach their peak bone mass by age 30. As people age, bone ma... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the risk factors of Osteoporosis? | A number of factors can increase the likelihood that you'll develop osteoporosis — including your age, race, lifestyle choices, and medical conditions and treatments. | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the complications of Osteoporosis? | Bone breaks, particularly in the spine or hip, are the most serious complications of osteoporosis. Hip fractures often are caused by a fall and can result in disability and even an increased risk of death within the first year after the injury.
In some cases, broken bones in the spine can occur even if you haven't fal... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What is the prevention of Osteoporosis? | Good nutrition and regular exercise are essential for keeping your bones healthy throughout your life. | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the Overview of Osteosarcoma? | Osteosarcoma is a kind of cancer that begins in the cells that form bones. Osteosarcoma tends to happen most often in teenagers and young adults. But it also can happen in younger children and older adults.
Osteosarcoma can start in any bone. It's most often found in the long bones of the legs, and sometimes the arms.... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the symptoms of Osteosarcoma? | Osteosarcoma signs and symptoms most often start in a bone. The cancer most often affects the long bones of the legs, and sometimes the arms. The most common symptoms include:
• Bone or joint pain. Pain might come and go at first. It can be mistaken for growing pains.
• Pain related to a bone that breaks for no clear... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the causes of Osteosarcoma? | It's not clear what causes osteosarcoma.
Osteosarcoma happens when bone cells develop changes in their DNA. A cell's DNA holds the instructions, called genes, that tell a cell what to do. In healthy cells, the DNA gives instructions to grow and multiply at a set rate. The instructions tell the cells to die at a set ti... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the risk factors of Osteosarcoma? | Most people with osteosarcoma don't have any known risk factors for the cancer. But these factors can increase the risk of osteosarcoma:
• Certain conditions that run in families. These include hereditary retinoblastoma, Bloom syndrome, Li-Fraumeni syndrome, Rothmund-Thomson syndrome and Werner syndrome.
• Other bone... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the complications of Osteosarcoma? | Complications of osteosarcoma and its treatment include the following. | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the Overview of Overactive bladder? | Overactive bladder, also called OAB, causes sudden urges to urinate that may be hard to control. There might be a need to pass urine many times during the day and night. There also might be loss of urine that isn't intended, called urgency incontinence.
People with an overactive bladder might feel self-conscious. That... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the symptoms of Overactive bladder? | If you have an overactive bladder, you may:
• Feel a sudden urge to urinate that's hard to control.
• Lose urine without meaning to after an urgent need to urinate, called urgency incontinence.
• Urinate often. This can mean eight or more times in 24 hours.
• Wake up more than twice a night to urinate, called noctu... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the risk factors of Overactive bladder? | Aging increases the risk of overactive bladder. So does being female. Conditions such as enlarged prostate and diabetes also can increase the risk.
Many people with declines in thinking ability, such as those who have had a stroke or have Alzheimer's disease, get an overactive bladder. That's because they're less able... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the complications of Overactive bladder? | Any type of incontinence can affect quality of life. If your overactive bladder symptoms disrupt your life, you might also have:
• Anxiety.
• Emotional distress or depression.
• Sexual problems.
• Sleep disturbances and interrupted sleep cycles.
People assigned female at birth who have an overactive bladder also m... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What is the prevention of Overactive bladder? | These healthy lifestyle choices may reduce your risk of overactive bladder:
• Do exercises to make the pelvic floor muscles stronger. These are called Kegel exercises.
• Get regular, daily physical activity and exercise.
• Limit caffeine and alcohol.
• Maintain a healthy weight.
• Manage ongoing, called chronic, c... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the Overview of Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea? | Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea is a condition in which a child's breathing is partly or completely blocked during sleep. Breathing can briefly stop and start again many times a night. The condition happens when the upper airway narrows or is blocked during sleep.
Obstructive sleep apnea can look different in childr... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the symptoms of Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea? | During sleep, symptoms of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea can include:
• Snoring.
• Pauses in breathing.
• Restless sleep.
• Snorting, gasping, coughing or choking.
• Mouth breathing.
• Nighttime sweating.
• Bed-wetting that starts after a long period of dry overnights.
Infants and young children with obstruc... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the causes of Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea? | Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea is caused by muscles in the back of the throat relaxing and blocking the upper airway. In children, this leads to pauses in breathing that last about twice as long as the typical breath.
When breathing stops, this triggers the brain to wake up so that the airway can open again. This m... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the risk factors of Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea? | The main risk factor for pediatric obstructive sleep apnea is enlarged tonsils and adenoids, especially in younger children. Obesity also is an important a risk factor, mainly among teenagers.
Other risk factors for pediatric sleep apnea include having:
• A genetic condition such as Down syndrome or Prader-Willi synd... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the complications of Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea? | Without treatment, pediatric obstructive sleep apnea can lead to other health conditions called complications. Rarely, pediatric obstructive sleep apnea can cause infants and young children not to grow as much as those who don't have the condition. Children who don't receive treatment also may have a higher risk of lat... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the Overview of Panic attacks and panic disorder? | A panic attack is a sudden episode of intense fear that triggers severe physical reactions when there is no real danger or apparent cause. Panic attacks can be very frightening. When panic attacks occur, you might think you're losing control, having a heart attack or even dying.
Many people have just one or two panic ... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the symptoms of Panic attacks and panic disorder? | Panic attacks typically begin suddenly, without warning. They can strike at any time — when you're driving a car, at the mall, sound asleep or in the middle of a business meeting. You may have occasional panic attacks, or they may occur frequently.
Panic attacks have many variations, but symptoms usually peak within m... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the causes of Panic attacks and panic disorder? | It's not known what causes panic attacks or panic disorder, but these factors may play a role:
• Genetics
• Major stress
• Temperament that is more sensitive to stress or prone to negative emotions
• Certain changes in the way parts of your brain function
Panic attacks may come on suddenly and without warning at f... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the risk factors of Panic attacks and panic disorder? | Symptoms of panic disorder often start in the late teens or early adulthood and affect more women than men.
Factors that may increase the risk of developing panic attacks or panic disorder include:
• Family history of panic attacks or panic disorder
• Major life stress, such as the death or serious illness of a love... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the complications of Panic attacks and panic disorder? | Left untreated, panic attacks and panic disorder can affect almost every area of your life. You may be so afraid of having more panic attacks that you live in a constant state of fear, ruining your quality of life.
Complications that panic attacks may cause or be linked to include:
• Development of specific phobias, ... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What is the prevention of Panic attacks and panic disorder? | There's no sure way to prevent panic attacks or panic disorder. However, these recommendations may help.
• Get treatment for panic attacksas soon as possible to help stop them from getting worse or becoming more frequent.
• Stick with your treatment planto help prevent relapses or worsening of panic attack symptoms.
... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the Overview of Paraganglioma? | A paraganglioma is a growth of cells that can happen in different places in the body. The growth, called a tumor, forms from an important type of nerve cell that's found throughout the body. Paragangliomas most often start in the head, neck, stomach area or pelvis.
A paraganglioma is rare. And most often, it's not can... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the symptoms of Paraganglioma? | Paraganglioma symptoms may depend on where the tumor starts. Paragangliomas most often start in the head, neck, stomach area or pelvis.
Symptoms of a paraganglioma in the head or neck can include:
• A rhythmic pulsing or whooshing sound in the ears, called pulsatile tinnitus.
• Trouble swallowing.
• Hoarse voice.
... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the causes of Paraganglioma? | Paragangliomas often don't have a clear cause. Sometimes these tumors run in families. They can be caused by DNA changes that are passed from parents to children. But many people with paragangliomas don't have a family history of these tumors and the cause is not known.
A paraganglioma is a growth of cells. It forms f... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the Overview of Parkinson's disease? | Parkinson's disease is a movement disorder of the nervous system that worsens over time. The nervous system is a network of nerve cells that controls many parts of the body, including movement.
Symptoms start slowly. The first symptom may be a barely noticeable tremor in just one hand or sometimes a foot or the jaw. T... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the symptoms of Parkinson's disease? | Parkinson's disease symptoms can be different for everyone. Early symptoms may be mild, and you may not even notice them. Symptoms often begin on one side of the body, then affect both sides. Symptoms are usually worse on one side than the other. Some Parkinson's disease symptoms are similar to those of other disorders... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the causes of Parkinson's disease? | In Parkinson's disease, nerve cells in the brain called neurons slowly break down or die. Many Parkinson's disease symptoms are caused by a loss of neurons that produce a chemical messenger in the brain. This messenger is called dopamine.
Decreased dopamine leads to irregular brain activity. This causes movement probl... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the risk factors of Parkinson's disease? | Risk factors for Parkinson's disease include:
• Age.The risk of Parkinson's disease increases with age. Usually, it starts around age 50 or older. The average age of onset is around age 70. Parkinson's disease can occur in younger adults, but it is rare. When people younger than age 50 have the disease, it's known as ... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the complications of Parkinson's disease? | People with Parkinson's disease may have other complications that may be treatable. These may include:
• Trouble thinking clearly.Parkinson's disease can affect people's memory, language and reasoning skills. The disease also can lead to dementia or other conditions that affect thinking. These complications usually ha... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What is the prevention of Parkinson's disease? | Because the cause of Parkinson's disease is not known, there are no proven ways to prevent it. Research shows that some factors may help protect against it. But scientists don't know for sure. These factors include:
• Exercise.Aerobic exercise has been linked to a lower risk of Parkinson's disease.
• Caffeine.Some st... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the Overview of Parotid tumors? | Parotid tumors are growths of cells that start in the parotid glands. The parotid glands are two salivary glands that sit just in front of the ears. There is one on each side of the face. Salivary glands make saliva to help with chewing and digesting food.
There are many salivary glands in the lips, cheeks, mouth and ... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the symptoms of Parotid tumors? | Signs and symptoms of parotid tumors include:
• A lump or swelling on one side of the face that might appear near the ear or cheek.
• Trouble swallowing.
• Trouble opening the mouth widely.
• Numbness in part of the face.
• Muscle weakness in part of the face.
• Pain in the face. | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the causes of Parotid tumors? | It's not clear what causes parotid tumors. These tumors start as a growth of cells in the parotid glands. The parotid glands are two salivary glands that sit just in front of the ears. There is one on each side of the face. Salivary glands make saliva to help with chewing and digesting food.
Parotid tumors happen when... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the risk factors of Parotid tumors? | Factors that increase the risk of parotid tumors include:
• Increasing age.Parotid tumors can happen at any age. However, they are more common in older adults.
• Previous radiation therapy treatments.People who have had radiation therapy to the head and neck area in the past are at a higher risk of parotid tumors.
•... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the Congenital heart disease in adults of Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return? | • Symptoms&causes
• Diagnosis&treatment
• Doctors&departments
• Care atMayoClinic | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the Overview of Patellofemoral pain syndrome? | Patellofemoral (puh-tel-o-FEM-uh-rul) pain syndrome is pain at the front of the knee, around the kneecap. The kneecap also is known as the patella. Patellofemoral pain syndrome is sometimes called runner's knee. It's more common in people who run and who play sports that involve running and jumping.
The knee pain ofte... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the symptoms of Patellofemoral pain syndrome? | Patellofemoral pain syndrome usually causes a dull, aching pain in the front of the knee. The following can increase the pain:
• Walking up or down stairs.
• Kneeling or squatting.
• Sitting with a bent knee for long periods of time. | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the causes of Patellofemoral pain syndrome? | Patellofemoral pain syndrome can have several causes. It's been linked with:
• Overuse.Running or jumping sports put repeated stress on the knee joint, which can cause irritation under the kneecap.
• Muscle imbalances or weaknesses.Patellofemoral pain can occur when the muscles around the hip and knee don't keep the ... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the risk factors of Patellofemoral pain syndrome? | Factors that can increase your risk include:
• Age.Patellofemoral pain syndrome typically affects teens and young adults. Arthritis is more often to blame for knee problems in older people.
• Sex.Women are twice as likely as men are to develop patellofemoral pain. This may be because women have wider pelvises. A wide... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What is the prevention of Patellofemoral pain syndrome? | Sometimes knee pain just happens. But certain steps may help prevent the pain.
• Build strength.Strong leg and hip muscles help keep the knee balanced during activity. Avoid deep squatting during weight training.
• Move safely.Ask a physical therapist about exercises to help you jump, run and turn correctly. It's esp... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the Overview of Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)? | Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a persistent opening between the two major blood vessels leading from the heart.
An opening called the ductus arteriosus is part of the blood flow system in the womb for an unborn baby, also called a fetus. It usually closes shortly after birth. If the opening remains open, it's calle... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the symptoms of Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)? | Patent ductus arteriosus symptoms (PDA) depend on the size of the opening and the person's age. A smallPDAmight not cause symptoms. Some people don't notice symptoms until adulthood. A largePDAcan cause symptoms of heart failure soon after birth.
A largePDAfound during infancy or childhood might cause:
• Poor eating,... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the causes of Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)? | The exact causes of patent ductus arteriosus and other congenital heart defects are not clear. During the first six weeks of pregnancy, an unborn baby's heart starts to form and beat. The major blood vessels to and from the heart grow. It's during this time that certain congenital heart defects may begin to develop.
B... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the risk factors of Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)? | Risk factors for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) include:
• Premature birth.Patent ductus arteriosus occurs more commonly in babies who are born too early than in babies who are born full term.
• Family history and other genetic conditions.A family history of heart conditions present at birth may increase the risk ofP... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the complications of Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)? | A small patent ductus arteriosus might not cause complications. Larger, untreatedPDAscould cause:
• High blood pressure in the lungs, also called pulmonary hypertension.A largePDAcauses irregular blood flow in the heart and lungs. As a result, pressure goes up in the pulmonary artery. Over time, the increased pressure... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What is the prevention of Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)? | There is no known prevention for patent ductus arteriosus. However, it's important to do everything possible to have a healthy pregnancy. Here are some of the basics:
• Get early prenatal care, even before you're pregnant.If you're thinking about pregnancy, talk with your healthcare team to develop a prenatal care pla... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the Overview of Pediatric white blood cell disorders? | Children with pediatric white blood cell disorders have too few or too many white blood cells. White blood cells, called leukocytes, are part of the immune system. They come from bone marrow and help fight infections. Several conditions can cause having too few or too many white blood cells.
A low white blood cell cou... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the symptoms of Pediatric white blood cell disorders? | Symptoms depend on the type of white blood cell and whether there are too few or too many of them. Symptoms might be those of infections, conditions in which the immune system attacks healthy tissues, called autoimmune conditions, allergies and certain cancers. | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the causes of Pediatric white blood cell disorders? | The cause of pediatric white blood cell disorders depends on the type of white blood cell that's affected. | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the risk factors of Pediatric white blood cell disorders? | The following factors can raise the risk of pediatric white blood cell disorders:
• Family history.
• Infections.
• Cancer.
• Allergies.
• Conditions in which the body attacks its own cells, called autoimmune conditions.
• Certain medicines. | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the symptoms of Pelvic organ prolapse? | Sometimes, pelvic organ prolapse has no symptoms. When symptoms happen, they might include:
• Seeing or feeling a bulge of tissue at or beyond the opening of the vagina.
• Pelvic pressure, heaviness or pain.
• Lower back pain.
• Not being able to keep in a tampon.
• Urinary changes. These might include urinating m... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the causes of Pelvic organ prolapse? | The cause of pelvic organ prolapse is the weakening of the tissues and the muscles that support the pelvic organs. The most common cause is having a baby vaginally. | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the Overview of Pemphigus? | Pemphigus is a group of rare skin disorders that cause blisters and sores on the skin or mucous membranes, such as in the mouth or on the genitals. It's most common in people middle-aged or older.
Pemphigus is easier to control if caught and treated early. It's usually treated with medicines that you take long term. T... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the symptoms of Pemphigus? | Pemphigus causes blisters on the skin and mucous membranes. The blisters break easily, leaving open sores. The sores may become infected and ooze.
The symptoms of two common types of pemphigus are as follows:
• Pemphigus vulgaris.This type usually begins with blisters in the mouth and then on the skin or genital muco... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the causes of Pemphigus? | Pemphigus is an autoimmune disorder, which means that your immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells in your body. With pemphigus the immune system attacks cells in the skin and mucous membranes.
Pemphigus isn't passed from one person to another. In most cases, it's unknown what causes the disease to arise.
Rare... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the risk factors of Pemphigus? | The risk of pemphigus increases if you're middle-aged or older. The condition also is more common in people of Jewish, Indian, southeast European or Middle Eastern ancestry. | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the complications of Pemphigus? | Possible complications of pemphigus include:
• Infection of the skin.
• Infection that spreads to your bloodstream, also called sepsis. This type of infection can be life-threatening.
• Scarring and changes in skin color after the affected skin heals. This is called postinflammatory hyperpigmentation when the skin d... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the Overview of Peptic ulcer? | Peptic ulcers are open sores on the inner lining of the stomach and the upper part of the small intestine. The most common symptom of a peptic ulcer is stomach pain.
Peptic ulcers include:
• Gastric ulcers, which appear on the inside of the stomach.
• Duodenal ulcers, which appear on the inside of the upper part of ... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the symptoms of Peptic ulcer? | Many people with peptic ulcers don't have symptoms. If there are symptoms, they may include:
• Dull or burning stomach pain. For some people, pain may be worse between meals and at night. For others, it may be worse after eating.
• Feeling of fullness or bloating.
• Belching.
• Heartburn.
• Nausea.
Peptic ulcers ... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the causes of Peptic ulcer? | Peptic ulcers happen when acid in the organs that food travels through, called the digestive tract, eats away at the inner surface of the stomach or small intestine. The acid can create a painful open sore that may bleed.
Your digestive tract is coated with a mucous layer that most often protects against acid. But if ... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the risk factors of Peptic ulcer? | If you take NSAIDs, the following factors may increase your risk of peptic ulcers:
• Old age.This includes people older than 60.
• Prior peptic ulcer.People who have had a peptic ulcer before have a higher risk of having another one.
• NSAIDs use.Taking high doses of NSAIDs or two or more NSAIDs increases the risk. ... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the complications of Peptic ulcer? | Untreated peptic ulcers can cause:
• Bleeding in the stomach or duodenum.Bleeding can be a slow blood loss that leads to too few red blood cells, called anemia. Or you can lose enough blood so that you need to be in a hospital or get blood from a donor. Severe blood loss may cause black or bloody vomit or black or blo... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What is the prevention of Peptic ulcer? | To help prevent peptic ulcers:
• Take care with pain relievers.If you often use NSAIDs, which can increase your risk of peptic ulcer, take steps to reduce your risk of stomach problems. For instance, take pain relievers with meals.Work with your healthcare professional to find the lowest dose that gives you pain relie... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the Overview of Perimenopause? | Perimenopause means "around menopause" and refers to the time during which your body makes the natural transition to menopause, marking the end of the reproductive years. Perimenopause is also called the menopausal transition.
Women start perimenopause at different ages. You may notice signs of progression toward meno... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the symptoms of Perimenopause? | Throughout the menopausal transition, some subtle — and some not-so-subtle — changes in your body may take place. You might experience:
• Irregular periods.As ovulation becomes more unpredictable, the length of time between periods may be longer or shorter, your flow may be light to heavy, and you may skip some period... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the causes of Perimenopause? | As you go through perimenopause, your body's production of estrogen and progesterone, key female hormones, rises and falls. Many of the changes you experience during perimenopause are a result of decreasing estrogen. | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the risk factors of Perimenopause? | Menopause is a normal phase in life. But it may occur earlier in some women than in others. Although not always conclusive, some evidence suggests that certain factors may make it more likely that you start perimenopause at an earlier age, including:
• Smoking.The onset of menopause occurs 1 to 2 years earlier in wome... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the complications of Perimenopause? | Irregular periods are a hallmark of perimenopause. Most of the time this is normal and nothing to be concerned about. However, see your doctor if:
• Bleeding is extremely heavy — you're changing tampons or pads every hour or two for two or more hours
• Bleeding lasts longer than seven days
• Bleeding occurs between ... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the Overview of Peripheral artery disease (PAD)? | Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a common condition in which narrowed arteries reduce blood flow to the arms or legs.
This condition also may be called peripheral arterial disease.
In PAD, the legs or arms — usually the legs — don't get enough blood flow to keep up with demand. This may cause leg pain when walking,... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the symptoms of Peripheral artery disease (PAD)? | Peripheral artery disease (PAD) may not cause symptoms, or symptoms may be mild. PAD symptoms include:
• Leg pain when walking.
• Muscle pain or cramping in the arms or legs, often in the calf.
• Muscle pain in the arms or legs that begins with exercise and ends with rest.
• Painful cramping in one or both of the h... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the causes of Peripheral artery disease (PAD)? | Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is often caused by a buildup of fats, cholesterol and other substances in and on the artery walls, a condition called atherosclerosis. The buildup is called plaque. Plaque can cause arteries to narrow, blocking blood flow. In PAD, plaque collects in the arteries of the arms or legs.
Les... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the risk factors of Peripheral artery disease (PAD)? | Risk factors for peripheral artery disease (PAD) include:
• A family history of peripheral artery disease, heart disease or stroke.
• Diabetes.
• High blood pressure.
• High cholesterol.
• Increasing age, especially after 65, or after 50 if you have risk factors for atherosclerosis.
• Obesity.
• Smoking. | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the complications of Peripheral artery disease (PAD)? | Complications of peripheral artery disease (PAD) caused by atherosclerosis include:
• Critical limb ischemia.In this condition, an injury or infection causes tissue to die. Symptoms include open sores on the limbs that don't heal. Treatment may include amputation of the affected limb.
• Stroke and heart attack.Plaque... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What is the prevention of Peripheral artery disease (PAD)? | The best way to prevent leg pain due to peripheral artery disease (PAD) is to have a healthy lifestyle. That means:
• Don't smoke.
• Eat foods that are low in sugar, trans fats and saturated fats.
• Get regular exercise — but check with your care team about what type and how much is best for you.
• Keep a healthy w... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the Overview of Peripheral nerve injuries? | Peripheral nerves send messages from the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body. They help do things such as move the body's muscles for walking and sense that the feet are cold. Peripheral nerves are made of fibers called axons that are insulated by surrounding tissues.
Peripheral nerves are fragile and easily... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the symptoms of Peripheral nerve injuries? | With a peripheral nerve injury, symptoms may range from mild to serious, limiting your daily activities. Your symptoms often depend on which nerve fibers are damaged:
• Motor nerves.These nerves regulate all the muscles under your conscious control, such as those used for walking, talking and holding objects. Damage t... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the causes of Peripheral nerve injuries? | Peripheral nerves can be damaged in several ways:
• Injury from an accident, a fall or sports can stretch, compress, crush or cut nerves.
• Medical conditions, such as diabetes, Guillain-Barre syndrome and carpal tunnel syndrome, can damage nerves.
• Autoimmune diseases including lupus, rheumatoid arthritis and Sjog... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the risk factors of Peripheral nerve injuries? | People who experience physical trauma or play sports may be at higher risk of an injury that can stretch or crush peripheral nerves. People with certain medical conditions also may be at higher risk of peripheral nerve injuries. These conditions, especially diabetes, may put nerves at greater risk of compression. | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the Overview of Peripheral nerve tumors? | Peripheral nerve tumors are growths that form in or near nerves. Nerves are strands of tissue that transmit signals from the brain to the rest of the body. Peripheral nerves control muscles that allow you to walk, blink, swallow, pick things up and do other activities.
Peripheral nerve tumors can occur anywhere in the... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the symptoms of Peripheral nerve tumors? | The symptoms of a peripheral nerve tumor develop from direct effects on the main nerve or from the tumor pressing on nearby nerves, blood vessels or tissues. As the tumor grows, it may be more likely to cause symptoms, although tumor size doesn't always determine effects.
Symptoms of peripheral nerve tumors vary depen... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the causes of Peripheral nerve tumors? | It's not clear why most peripheral nerve tumors develop. Some are linked to known inherited syndromes, such as neurofibromatosis (types 1 and 2) and schwannomatosis. Others may be caused by changes in a gene. | local_scraped |
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