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What are the devotional practices? | <text>What are the devotional practices?</text><reasoning>Devotion is an important part of the practice of most Buddhists. Devotional practices include bowing, offerings, pilgrimage, and chanting. In Pure Land Buddhism, devotion to the Buddha Amitabha is the main practice. In Nichiren Buddhism, devotion to the Lotus Su... |
A person can awaken from the "sleep of ignorance" by acknowledging the true nature of what? | <text>A person can awaken from the "sleep of ignorance" by acknowledging the true nature of what?</text><reasoning>In Theravada doctrine, a person may awaken from the "sleep of ignorance" by directly realizing the true nature of reality; such people are called arahants and occasionally buddhas. After numerous lifetimes... |
At the end of the cycle of rebirth a person is called what? | <text>At the end of the cycle of rebirth a person is called what?</text><reasoning>In Theravada doctrine, a person may awaken from the "sleep of ignorance" by directly realizing the true nature of reality; such people are called arahants and occasionally buddhas. After numerous lifetimes of spiritual striving, they hav... |
What does tathagatagarbha mean? | <text>What does tathagatagarbha mean?</text><reasoning>Besides emptiness, Mahayana schools often place emphasis on the notions of perfected spiritual insight (prajñāpāramitā) and Buddha-nature (tathāgatagarbha). There are conflicting interpretations of the tathāgatagarbha in Mahāyāna thought. The idea may be traced to ... |
what does prajnaparamita mean? | <text>what does prajnaparamita mean?</text><reasoning>Besides emptiness, Mahayana schools often place emphasis on the notions of perfected spiritual insight (prajñāpāramitā) and Buddha-nature (tathāgatagarbha). There are conflicting interpretations of the tathāgatagarbha in Mahāyāna thought. The idea may be traced to A... |
According to what school is tathgatagarbha the inseparability of clairty and emptiness of one's mind? | <text>According to what school is tathgatagarbha the inseparability of clairty and emptiness of one's mind?</text><reasoning>Besides emptiness, Mahayana schools often place emphasis on the notions of perfected spiritual insight (prajñāpāramitā) and Buddha-nature (tathāgatagarbha). There are conflicting interpretations ... |
According to what school does it refer to the innate qualities of the mind that express themselves as omniscience? | <text>According to what school does it refer to the innate qualities of the mind that express themselves as omniscience?</text><reasoning>Besides emptiness, Mahayana schools often place emphasis on the notions of perfected spiritual insight (prajñāpāramitā) and Buddha-nature (tathāgatagarbha). There are conflicting int... |
What type of sutras were generally ignored in india? | <text>What type of sutras were generally ignored in india?</text><reasoning>Besides emptiness, Mahayana schools often place emphasis on the notions of perfected spiritual insight (prajñāpāramitā) and Buddha-nature (tathāgatagarbha). There are conflicting interpretations of the tathāgatagarbha in Mahāyāna thought. The i... |
What famous stuntman sued Kanye for purported use of his likeness in 2006? | <text>What famous stuntman sued Kanye for purported use of his likeness in 2006?</text><reasoning>In December 2006, Robert "Evel" Knievel sued West for trademark infringement in West's video for "Touch the Sky". Knievel took issue with a "sexually charged video" in which West takes on the persona of "Evel Kanyevel" and... |
When was the suit settled? | <text>When was the suit settled?</text><reasoning>In December 2006, Robert "Evel" Knievel sued West for trademark infringement in West's video for "Touch the Sky". Knievel took issue with a "sexually charged video" in which West takes on the persona of "Evel Kanyevel" and attempts flying a rocket over a canyon. The sui... |
Which celebrity sued West in 2006 for trademark infrigement? | <text>Which celebrity sued West in 2006 for trademark infrigement?</text><reasoning>In December 2006, Robert "Evel" Knievel sued West for trademark infringement in West's video for "Touch the Sky". Knievel took issue with a "sexually charged video" in which West takes on the persona of "Evel Kanyevel" and attempts flyi... |
What was the name of the nickname Kanye West took on in his video "Touch the Sky"? | <text>What was the name of the nickname Kanye West took on in his video "Touch the Sky"?</text><reasoning>In December 2006, Robert "Evel" Knievel sued West for trademark infringement in West's video for "Touch the Sky". Knievel took issue with a "sexually charged video" in which West takes on the persona of "Evel Kanye... |
When did Knievel settle the argument with West? | <text>When did Knievel settle the argument with West?</text><reasoning>In December 2006, Robert "Evel" Knievel sued West for trademark infringement in West's video for "Touch the Sky". Knievel took issue with a "sexually charged video" in which West takes on the persona of "Evel Kanyevel" and attempts flying a rocket o... |
Meditation was an aspect of the practice of who? | <text>Meditation was an aspect of the practice of who?</text><reasoning>Meditation was an aspect of the practice of the yogis in the centuries preceding the Buddha. The Buddha built upon the yogis' concern with introspection and developed their meditative techniques, but rejected their theories of liberation. In Buddhi... |
In Buddhism, what must be developed at all times? | <text>In Buddhism, what must be developed at all times?</text><reasoning>Meditation was an aspect of the practice of the yogis in the centuries preceding the Buddha. The Buddha built upon the yogis' concern with introspection and developed their meditative techniques, but rejected their theories of liberation. In Buddh... |
What is the third mark of existence in Buddhism? | <text>What is the third mark of existence in Buddhism?</text><reasoning>Not-self (Pāli: anatta; Sanskrit: anātman) is the third mark of existence. Upon careful examination, one finds that no phenomenon is really "I" or "mine"; these concepts are in fact constructed by the mind. In the Nikayas anatta is not meant as a m... |
The Buddha rejected the metaphysical assertions "I have a Self" and "I have no Self" as views that bind one to what? | <text>The Buddha rejected the metaphysical assertions "I have a Self" and "I have no Self" as views that bind one to what?</text><reasoning>Not-self (Pāli: anatta; Sanskrit: anātman) is the third mark of existence. Upon careful examination, one finds that no phenomenon is really "I" or "mine"; these concepts are in fac... |
What was the answer given when the Buddha was asked if the body is the same as the self? | <text>What was the answer given when the Buddha was asked if the body is the same as the self?</text><reasoning>Not-self (Pāli: anatta; Sanskrit: anātman) is the third mark of existence. Upon careful examination, one finds that no phenomenon is really "I" or "mine"; these concepts are in fact constructed by the mind. I... |
What is the conclusion that one comes to when analyzing the changing physical and mental components or person or thing? | <text>What is the conclusion that one comes to when analyzing the changing physical and mental components or person or thing?</text><reasoning>Not-self (Pāli: anatta; Sanskrit: anātman) is the third mark of existence. Upon careful examination, one finds that no phenomenon is really "I" or "mine"; these concepts are in... |
What is the 3rd mark of existence? | <text>What is the 3rd mark of existence?</text><reasoning>Not-self (Pāli: anatta; Sanskrit: anātman) is the third mark of existence. Upon careful examination, one finds that no phenomenon is really "I" or "mine"; these concepts are in fact constructed by the mind. In the Nikayas anatta is not meant as a metaphysical as... |
In what form is anatta not meant as a metaphysical assertion? | <text>In what form is anatta not meant as a metaphysical assertion?</text><reasoning>Not-self (Pāli: anatta; Sanskrit: anātman) is the third mark of existence. Upon careful examination, one finds that no phenomenon is really "I" or "mine"; these concepts are in fact constructed by the mind. In the Nikayas anatta is not... |
Buddha rejected the assertion "I have a Self" and what other related assertion? | <text>Buddha rejected the assertion "I have a Self" and what other related assertion?</text><reasoning>Not-self (Pāli: anatta; Sanskrit: anātman) is the third mark of existence. Upon careful examination, one finds that no phenomenon is really "I" or "mine"; these concepts are in fact constructed by the mind. In the Nik... |
What is the term for constantly changing physical and mental parts? | <text>What is the term for constantly changing physical and mental parts?</text><reasoning>Not-self (Pāli: anatta; Sanskrit: anātman) is the third mark of existence. Upon careful examination, one finds that no phenomenon is really "I" or "mine"; these concepts are in fact constructed by the mind. In the Nikayas anatta ... |
The term dukkha corresponds to what English terms? | <text>The term dukkha corresponds to what English terms?</text><reasoning>Suffering (Pāli: दुक्ख dukkha; Sanskrit दुःख duḥkha) is also a central concept in Buddhism. The word roughly corresponds to a number of terms in English including suffering, pain, unsatisfactoriness, sorrow, affliction, anxiety, dissatisfaction, ... |
Dukkha is often translated as suffering, but the philosophical meaning of dukkha of more closely related to what term? | <text>Dukkha is often translated as suffering, but the philosophical meaning of dukkha of more closely related to what term?</text><reasoning>Suffering (Pāli: दुक्ख dukkha; Sanskrit दुःख duḥkha) is also a central concept in Buddhism. The word roughly corresponds to a number of terms in English including suffering, pain... |
Buddhism seeks to be neither pessimistic or optimistic, but what? | <text>Buddhism seeks to be neither pessimistic or optimistic, but what?</text><reasoning>Suffering (Pāli: दुक्ख dukkha; Sanskrit दुःख duḥkha) is also a central concept in Buddhism. The word roughly corresponds to a number of terms in English including suffering, pain, unsatisfactoriness, sorrow, affliction, anxiety, di... |
Suffering is a central concept in what? | <text>Suffering is a central concept in what?</text><reasoning>Suffering (Pāli: दुक्ख dukkha; Sanskrit दुःख duḥkha) is also a central concept in Buddhism. The word roughly corresponds to a number of terms in English including suffering, pain, unsatisfactoriness, sorrow, affliction, anxiety, dissatisfaction, discomfort,... |
The philosophical meaning of suffering is close what term? | <text>The philosophical meaning of suffering is close what term?</text><reasoning>Suffering (Pāli: दुक्ख dukkha; Sanskrit दुःख duḥkha) is also a central concept in Buddhism. The word roughly corresponds to a number of terms in English including suffering, pain, unsatisfactoriness, sorrow, affliction, anxiety, dissatisf... |
The condition of being disturbed is what? | <text>The condition of being disturbed is what?</text><reasoning>Suffering (Pāli: दुक्ख dukkha; Sanskrit दुःख duḥkha) is also a central concept in Buddhism. The word roughly corresponds to a number of terms in English including suffering, pain, unsatisfactoriness, sorrow, affliction, anxiety, dissatisfaction, discomfor... |
In translation what term is often left untranslated to keep of fuller definition? | <text>In translation what term is often left untranslated to keep of fuller definition?</text><reasoning>Suffering (Pāli: दुक्ख dukkha; Sanskrit दुःख duḥkha) is also a central concept in Buddhism. The word roughly corresponds to a number of terms in English including suffering, pain, unsatisfactoriness, sorrow, afflict... |
What does Bodhisattva mean? | <text>What does Bodhisattva mean?</text><reasoning>Bodhisattva means "enlightenment being", and generally refers to one who is on the path to buddhahood. Traditionally, a bodhisattva is anyone who, motivated by great compassion, has generated bodhicitta, which is a spontaneous wish to attain Buddhahood for the benefit ... |
What is the term for the spontaneous wish to attain Buddhahood for the benefit of all beings? | <text>What is the term for the spontaneous wish to attain Buddhahood for the benefit of all beings?</text><reasoning>Bodhisattva means "enlightenment being", and generally refers to one who is on the path to buddhahood. Traditionally, a bodhisattva is anyone who, motivated by great compassion, has generated bodhicitta,... |
A description of the Buddhist path may have been as simplistic as what term? | <text>A description of the Buddhist path may have been as simplistic as what term?</text><reasoning>According to Vetter, the description of the Buddhist path may initially have been as simple as the term "the middle way". In time, this short description was elaborated, resulting in the description of the eightfold path... |
The description of buddhism was broadened resulting in what path? | <text>The description of buddhism was broadened resulting in what path?</text><reasoning>According to Vetter, the description of the Buddhist path may initially have been as simple as the term "the middle way". In time, this short description was elaborated, resulting in the description of the eightfold path.</reasonin... |
What term means "great vehicle"? | <text>What term means "great vehicle"?</text><reasoning>According to Jan Nattier, the term Mahāyāna "Great Vehicle" was originally even an honorary synonym for Bodhisattvayāna "Bodhisattva Vehicle." The Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra, an early and important Mahayana text, contains a simple and brief definition for ... |
What is an honorary synonym for Bodhisattvayana? | <text>What is an honorary synonym for Bodhisattvayana?</text><reasoning>According to Jan Nattier, the term Mahāyāna "Great Vehicle" was originally even an honorary synonym for Bodhisattvayāna "Bodhisattva Vehicle." The Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra, an early and important Mahayana text, contains a simple and brief... |
The Astasahasrika Prajnaparamita Sutra is an important text of what type? | <text>The Astasahasrika Prajnaparamita Sutra is an important text of what type?</text><reasoning>According to Jan Nattier, the term Mahāyāna "Great Vehicle" was originally even an honorary synonym for Bodhisattvayāna "Bodhisattva Vehicle." The Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra, an early and important Mahayana text, co... |
What buddhism encourages everyone to become bodhisattvas? | <text>What buddhism encourages everyone to become bodhisattvas?</text><reasoning>Mahayana Buddhism encourages everyone to become bodhisattvas and to take the bodhisattva vow, where the practitioner promises to work for the complete enlightenment of all beings by practicing the six pāramitās. According to Mahayana teach... |
What is the idea there the practitioner promises to work for the complete enlightenment of all beings by practicing the six paramitas? | <text>What is the idea there the practitioner promises to work for the complete enlightenment of all beings by practicing the six paramitas?</text><reasoning>Mahayana Buddhism encourages everyone to become bodhisattvas and to take the bodhisattva vow, where the practitioner promises to work for the complete enlightenme... |
What are the six perfections under Mahayana teachings? | <text>What are the six perfections under Mahayana teachings?</text><reasoning>Mahayana Buddhism encourages everyone to become bodhisattvas and to take the bodhisattva vow, where the practitioner promises to work for the complete enlightenment of all beings by practicing the six pāramitās. According to Mahayana teaching... |
Buddhism traditionally incorporates states of what type of absorption? | <text>Buddhism traditionally incorporates states of what type of absorption?</text><reasoning>Buddhism traditionally incorporates states of meditative absorption (Pali: jhāna; Skt: dhyāna). The most ancient sustained expression of yogic ideas is found in the early sermons of the Buddha. One key innovative teaching of t... |
The most acient yogic ideas is found in the early sermons of who? | <text>The most acient yogic ideas is found in the early sermons of who?</text><reasoning>Buddhism traditionally incorporates states of meditative absorption (Pali: jhāna; Skt: dhyāna). The most ancient sustained expression of yogic ideas is found in the early sermons of the Buddha. One key innovative teaching of the Bu... |
The difference between the Buddha's teaching and the yoga presented in what what type of texts is significant? | <text>The difference between the Buddha's teaching and the yoga presented in what what type of texts is significant?</text><reasoning>Buddhism traditionally incorporates states of meditative absorption (Pali: jhāna; Skt: dhyāna). The most ancient sustained expression of yogic ideas is found in the early sermons of the ... |
According to the Buddha event he highest meditative state is not what? | <text>According to the Buddha event he highest meditative state is not what?</text><reasoning>Buddhism traditionally incorporates states of meditative absorption (Pali: jhāna; Skt: dhyāna). The most ancient sustained expression of yogic ideas is found in the early sermons of the Buddha. One key innovative teaching of t... |
How many precepts are on the list? | <text>How many precepts are on the list?</text><reasoning>The complete list of ten precepts may be observed by laypeople for short periods. For the complete list, the seventh precept is partitioned into two, and a tenth added:</reasoning><output>ten</output> |
In the complete list of precepts, which one is partitioned into two? | <text>In the complete list of precepts, which one is partitioned into two?</text><reasoning>The complete list of ten precepts may be observed by laypeople for short periods. For the complete list, the seventh precept is partitioned into two, and a tenth added:</reasoning><output>seventh</output> |
Religious knowledge is also known as what? | <text>Religious knowledge is also known as what?</text><reasoning>Religious knowledge or "vision" was indicated as a result of practice both within and outside of the Buddhist fold. According to the Samaññaphala Sutta, this sort of vision arose for the Buddhist adept as a result of the perfection of "meditation" couple... |
What type of techniques were shared with other traditions of his day? | <text>What type of techniques were shared with other traditions of his day?</text><reasoning>Religious knowledge or "vision" was indicated as a result of practice both within and outside of the Buddhist fold. According to the Samaññaphala Sutta, this sort of vision arose for the Buddhist adept as a result of the perfec... |
There is an idea where ethics are causally related to the attainment of what? | <text>There is an idea where ethics are causally related to the attainment of what?</text><reasoning>Religious knowledge or "vision" was indicated as a result of practice both within and outside of the Buddhist fold. According to the Samaññaphala Sutta, this sort of vision arose for the Buddhist adept as a result of th... |
Who is believed to have achieved enlightenment first? | <text>Who is believed to have achieved enlightenment first?</text><reasoning>Buddhists believe Gautama Buddha was the first to achieve enlightenment in this Buddha era and is therefore credited with the establishment of Buddhism. A Buddha era is the stretch of history during which people remember and practice the teach... |
What is the term for the stretch of history during which people rmember and practice the teachings of the earliest known buddha? | <text>What is the term for the stretch of history during which people rmember and practice the teachings of the earliest known buddha?</text><reasoning>Buddhists believe Gautama Buddha was the first to achieve enlightenment in this Buddha era and is therefore credited with the establishment of Buddhism. A Buddha era is... |
Who is the Buddha of this Buddha era? | <text>Who is the Buddha of this Buddha era?</text><reasoning>Buddhists believe Gautama Buddha was the first to achieve enlightenment in this Buddha era and is therefore credited with the establishment of Buddhism. A Buddha era is the stretch of history during which people remember and practice the teachings of the earl... |
Who taught directly or indirectly to all other Buddhas? | <text>Who taught directly or indirectly to all other Buddhas?</text><reasoning>Buddhists believe Gautama Buddha was the first to achieve enlightenment in this Buddha era and is therefore credited with the establishment of Buddhism. A Buddha era is the stretch of history during which people remember and practice the tea... |
Of the eight precepts which one is on sexual misconduct? | <text>Of the eight precepts which one is on sexual misconduct?</text><reasoning>In the eight precepts, the third precept on sexual misconduct is made more strict, and becomes a precept of celibacy. The three additional precepts are:</reasoning><output>third</output> |
What is the third strict precept on sexual misconduct? | <text>What is the third strict precept on sexual misconduct?</text><reasoning>In the eight precepts, the third precept on sexual misconduct is made more strict, and becomes a precept of celibacy. The three additional precepts are:</reasoning><output>a precept of celibacy</output> |
What are probably the earliest texts describing meditation techniques? | <text>What are probably the earliest texts describing meditation techniques?</text><reasoning>The Buddhist texts are probably the earliest describing meditation techniques. They describe meditative practices and states that existed before the Buddha as well as those first developed within Buddhism. Two Upanishads writt... |
What describes meditative states exising before the Buddha? | <text>What describes meditative states exising before the Buddha?</text><reasoning>The Buddhist texts are probably the earliest describing meditation techniques. They describe meditative practices and states that existed before the Buddha as well as those first developed within Buddhism. Two Upanishads written after th... |
What two items were written after the rise of Buddhism? | <text>What two items were written after the rise of Buddhism?</text><reasoning>The Buddhist texts are probably the earliest describing meditation techniques. They describe meditative practices and states that existed before the Buddha as well as those first developed within Buddhism. Two Upanishads written after the ri... |
Who presented himself as a model? | <text>Who presented himself as a model?</text><reasoning>According to the scriptures, Gautama Buddha presented himself as a model. The Dharma offers a refuge by providing guidelines for the alleviation of suffering and the attainment of Nirvana. The Sangha is considered to provide a refuge by preserving the authentic t... |
What offers a refuge by providing guidelines for the alleviation of suffering? | <text>What offers a refuge by providing guidelines for the alleviation of suffering?</text><reasoning>According to the scriptures, Gautama Buddha presented himself as a model. The Dharma offers a refuge by providing guidelines for the alleviation of suffering and the attainment of Nirvana. The Sangha is considered to p... |
What provides refuge by preserving the authentic teachings of the Buddha? | <text>What provides refuge by preserving the authentic teachings of the Buddha?</text><reasoning>According to the scriptures, Gautama Buddha presented himself as a model. The Dharma offers a refuge by providing guidelines for the alleviation of suffering and the attainment of Nirvana. The Sangha is considered to provid... |
The periods of Buddhisma in India is divided into how many periods? | <text>The periods of Buddhisma in India is divided into how many periods?</text><reasoning>The history of Indian Buddhism may be divided into five periods: Early Buddhism (occasionally called Pre-sectarian Buddhism), Nikaya Buddhism or Sectarian Buddhism: The period of the Early Buddhist schools, Early Mahayana Buddhis... |
What is the first period of Buddhism called? | <text>What is the first period of Buddhism called?</text><reasoning>The history of Indian Buddhism may be divided into five periods: Early Buddhism (occasionally called Pre-sectarian Buddhism), Nikaya Buddhism or Sectarian Buddhism: The period of the Early Buddhist schools, Early Mahayana Buddhism, Later Mahayana Buddh... |
What is another name for Nikaya buddhism? | <text>What is another name for Nikaya buddhism?</text><reasoning>The history of Indian Buddhism may be divided into five periods: Early Buddhism (occasionally called Pre-sectarian Buddhism), Nikaya Buddhism or Sectarian Buddhism: The period of the Early Buddhist schools, Early Mahayana Buddhism, Later Mahayana Buddhism... |
What is the last period of Buddhism? | <text>What is the last period of Buddhism?</text><reasoning>The history of Indian Buddhism may be divided into five periods: Early Buddhism (occasionally called Pre-sectarian Buddhism), Nikaya Buddhism or Sectarian Buddhism: The period of the Early Buddhist schools, Early Mahayana Buddhism, Later Mahayana Buddhism, and... |
What is Esoteric Buddhism also called? | <text>What is Esoteric Buddhism also called?</text><reasoning>The history of Indian Buddhism may be divided into five periods: Early Buddhism (occasionally called Pre-sectarian Buddhism), Nikaya Buddhism or Sectarian Buddhism: The period of the Early Buddhist schools, Early Mahayana Buddhism, Later Mahayana Buddhism, a... |
Nagarjuna's main contribution was the exposition of the concept of what? | <text>Nagarjuna's main contribution was the exposition of the concept of what?</text><reasoning>Mahayana Buddhism received significant theoretical grounding from Nagarjuna (perhaps c. 150–250 CE), arguably the most influential scholar within the Mahayana tradition. Nagarjuna's primary contribution to Buddhist philosoph... |
What does sunyata mean? | <text>What does sunyata mean?</text><reasoning>Mahayana Buddhism received significant theoretical grounding from Nagarjuna (perhaps c. 150–250 CE), arguably the most influential scholar within the Mahayana tradition. Nagarjuna's primary contribution to Buddhist philosophy was the systematic exposition of the concept of... |
Nagarjuna said that sentient beings are empty of what? | <text>Nagarjuna said that sentient beings are empty of what?</text><reasoning>Mahayana Buddhism received significant theoretical grounding from Nagarjuna (perhaps c. 150–250 CE), arguably the most influential scholar within the Mahayana tradition. Nagarjuna's primary contribution to Buddhist philosophy was the systemat... |
What does dharmas mean? | <text>What does dharmas mean?</text><reasoning>Mahayana Buddhism received significant theoretical grounding from Nagarjuna (perhaps c. 150–250 CE), arguably the most influential scholar within the Mahayana tradition. Nagarjuna's primary contribution to Buddhist philosophy was the systematic exposition of the concept of... |
What is the name of the Buddhist doctrine that states that phenomena arise together in a mutually interdependent web of cause and effect? | <text>What is the name of the Buddhist doctrine that states that phenomena arise together in a mutually interdependent web of cause and effect?</text><reasoning>The doctrine of pratītyasamutpāda, (Sanskrit; Pali: paticcasamuppāda; Tibetan Wylie: rten cing 'brel bar 'byung ba; Chinese: 緣起) is an important part of Buddhi... |
Translated into English, what does pratītyasamutpāda mean? | <text>Translated into English, what does pratītyasamutpāda mean?</text><reasoning>The doctrine of pratītyasamutpāda, (Sanskrit; Pali: paticcasamuppāda; Tibetan Wylie: rten cing 'brel bar 'byung ba; Chinese: 緣起) is an important part of Buddhist metaphysics. It states that phenomena arise together in a mutually interdepe... |
The doctrine of pratityasumatupada is a important part of what type of metaphysics? | <text>The doctrine of pratityasumatupada is a important part of what type of metaphysics?</text><reasoning>The doctrine of pratītyasamutpāda, (Sanskrit; Pali: paticcasamuppāda; Tibetan Wylie: rten cing 'brel bar 'byung ba; Chinese: 緣起) is an important part of Buddhist metaphysics. It states that phenomena arise togethe... |
What does sila refer to? | <text>What does sila refer to?</text><reasoning>Śīla refers to overall principles of ethical behavior. There are several levels of sīla, which correspond to "basic morality" (five precepts), "basic morality with asceticism" (eight precepts), "novice monkhood" (ten precepts) and "monkhood" (Vinaya or Patimokkha). Lay pe... |
Lay people tend to live by the five what? | <text>Lay people tend to live by the five what?</text><reasoning>Śīla refers to overall principles of ethical behavior. There are several levels of sīla, which correspond to "basic morality" (five precepts), "basic morality with asceticism" (eight precepts), "novice monkhood" (ten precepts) and "monkhood" (Vinaya or Pa... |
Schools can undertake eight precepts, which add basic what? | <text>Schools can undertake eight precepts, which add basic what?</text><reasoning>Śīla refers to overall principles of ethical behavior. There are several levels of sīla, which correspond to "basic morality" (five precepts), "basic morality with asceticism" (eight precepts), "novice monkhood" (ten precepts) and "monkh... |
In pre-buddhist early Brahminic texts there is no evidence for what? | <text>In pre-buddhist early Brahminic texts there is no evidence for what?</text><reasoning>While there is no convincing evidence for meditation in pre-Buddhist early Brahminic texts, Wynne argues that formless meditation originated in the Brahminic or Shramanic tradition, based on strong parallels between Upanishadic ... |
The upanishads statements reflect what type of tradition? | <text>The upanishads statements reflect what type of tradition?</text><reasoning>While there is no convincing evidence for meditation in pre-Buddhist early Brahminic texts, Wynne argues that formless meditation originated in the Brahminic or Shramanic tradition, based on strong parallels between Upanishadic cosmologica... |
What contains evidence for a contemplative tradition? | <text>What contains evidence for a contemplative tradition?</text><reasoning>While there is no convincing evidence for meditation in pre-Buddhist early Brahminic texts, Wynne argues that formless meditation originated in the Brahminic or Shramanic tradition, based on strong parallels between Upanishadic cosmological st... |
How many basic precepts are there for monastics? | <text>How many basic precepts are there for monastics?</text><reasoning>Vinaya is the specific moral code for monks and nuns. It includes the Patimokkha, a set of 227 rules for monks in the Theravadin recension. The precise content of the vinayapitaka (scriptures on Vinaya) differs slightly according to different schoo... |
How many rules dows the patimokkha have? | <text>How many rules dows the patimokkha have?</text><reasoning>Vinaya is the specific moral code for monks and nuns. It includes the Patimokkha, a set of 227 rules for monks in the Theravadin recension. The precise content of the vinayapitaka (scriptures on Vinaya) differs slightly according to different schools, and ... |
What are the scriptures on vinaya called? | <text>What are the scriptures on vinaya called?</text><reasoning>Vinaya is the specific moral code for monks and nuns. It includes the Patimokkha, a set of 227 rules for monks in the Theravadin recension. The precise content of the vinayapitaka (scriptures on Vinaya) differs slightly according to different schools, and... |
Regarding the monastic rules, the Buddha reminds his hearers that it is the spirit that what? | <text>Regarding the monastic rules, the Buddha reminds his hearers that it is the spirit that what?</text><reasoning>Regarding the monastic rules, the Buddha constantly reminds his hearers that it is the spirit that counts. On the other hand, the rules themselves are designed to assure a satisfying life, and provide a ... |
The rules themselves are designed to assure a satisfying what? | <text>The rules themselves are designed to assure a satisfying what?</text><reasoning>Regarding the monastic rules, the Buddha constantly reminds his hearers that it is the spirit that counts. On the other hand, the rules themselves are designed to assure a satisfying life, and provide a perfect springboard for the hig... |
The rules are a perfect springboard for what? | <text>The rules are a perfect springboard for what?</text><reasoning>Regarding the monastic rules, the Buddha constantly reminds his hearers that it is the spirit that counts. On the other hand, the rules themselves are designed to assure a satisfying life, and provide a perfect springboard for the higher attainments. ... |
Monastics are instructed by the Buddha to live as what? | <text>Monastics are instructed by the Buddha to live as what?</text><reasoning>Regarding the monastic rules, the Buddha constantly reminds his hearers that it is the spirit that counts. On the other hand, the rules themselves are designed to assure a satisfying life, and provide a perfect springboard for the higher att... |
Precepts are not created as imperatives, but as what? | <text>Precepts are not created as imperatives, but as what?</text><reasoning>The precepts are not formulated as imperatives, but as training rules that laypeople undertake voluntarily to facilitate practice. In Buddhist thought, the cultivation of dana and ethical conduct themselves refine consciousness to such a level... |
The cultivation of dana and what kind of conduct refine consciousness? | <text>The cultivation of dana and what kind of conduct refine consciousness?</text><reasoning>The precepts are not formulated as imperatives, but as training rules that laypeople undertake voluntarily to facilitate practice. In Buddhist thought, the cultivation of dana and ethical conduct themselves refine consciousnes... |
Even if there is no further Buddhist practice, what heavens is still likely? | <text>Even if there is no further Buddhist practice, what heavens is still likely?</text><reasoning>The precepts are not formulated as imperatives, but as training rules that laypeople undertake voluntarily to facilitate practice. In Buddhist thought, the cultivation of dana and ethical conduct themselves refine consci... |
What is powerful concentration called? | <text>What is powerful concentration called?</text><reasoning>Once the meditator achieves a strong and powerful concentration (jhāna, Sanskrit ध्यान dhyāna), his mind is ready to penetrate and gain insight (vipassanā) into the ultimate nature of reality, eventually obtaining release from all suffering. The cultivation ... |
What is the term when the mind is ready to penetrate and gain insight? | <text>What is the term when the mind is ready to penetrate and gain insight?</text><reasoning>Once the meditator achieves a strong and powerful concentration (jhāna, Sanskrit ध्यान dhyāna), his mind is ready to penetrate and gain insight (vipassanā) into the ultimate nature of reality, eventually obtaining release from... |
Mindfulness is essential to concentration, which is neede to achieve what? | <text>Mindfulness is essential to concentration, which is neede to achieve what?</text><reasoning>Once the meditator achieves a strong and powerful concentration (jhāna, Sanskrit ध्यान dhyāna), his mind is ready to penetrate and gain insight (vipassanā) into the ultimate nature of reality, eventually obtaining release ... |
Samatha meditation starts from being mindful of an object or what? | <text>Samatha meditation starts from being mindful of an object or what?</text><reasoning>Samatha meditation starts from being mindful of an object or idea, which is expanded to one's body, mind and entire surroundings, leading to a state of total concentration and tranquility (jhāna). There are many variations in the ... |
What is the term for tranquility? | <text>What is the term for tranquility?</text><reasoning>Samatha meditation starts from being mindful of an object or idea, which is expanded to one's body, mind and entire surroundings, leading to a state of total concentration and tranquility (jhāna). There are many variations in the style of meditation, from sitting... |
What does the word samyaksamadhi mean? | <text>What does the word samyaksamadhi mean?</text><reasoning>In the language of the Noble Eightfold Path, samyaksamādhi is "right concentration". The primary means of cultivating samādhi is meditation. Upon development of samādhi, one's mind becomes purified of defilement, calm, tranquil, and luminous.</reasoning><out... |
Upon development of samadhi, a person gets rid of what? | <text>Upon development of samadhi, a person gets rid of what?</text><reasoning>In the language of the Noble Eightfold Path, samyaksamādhi is "right concentration". The primary means of cultivating samādhi is meditation. Upon development of samādhi, one's mind becomes purified of defilement, calm, tranquil, and luminous... |
Distinctive Vinaya and ethics are contained within what sutra? | <text>Distinctive Vinaya and ethics are contained within what sutra?</text><reasoning>In Eastern Buddhism, there is also a distinctive Vinaya and ethics contained within the Mahayana Brahmajala Sutra (not to be confused with the Pali text of that name) for Bodhisattvas, where, for example, the eating of meat is frowned... |
Bodhisattvas are not encouraged to eat what? | <text>Bodhisattvas are not encouraged to eat what?</text><reasoning>In Eastern Buddhism, there is also a distinctive Vinaya and ethics contained within the Mahayana Brahmajala Sutra (not to be confused with the Pali text of that name) for Bodhisattvas, where, for example, the eating of meat is frowned upon and vegetari... |
Where is the monastic vinaya displaced and clergy is allowed to marry? | <text>Where is the monastic vinaya displaced and clergy is allowed to marry?</text><reasoning>In Eastern Buddhism, there is also a distinctive Vinaya and ethics contained within the Mahayana Brahmajala Sutra (not to be confused with the Pali text of that name) for Bodhisattvas, where, for example, the eating of meat is... |
What is the first step in a school of Buddhism? | <text>What is the first step in a school of Buddhism?</text><reasoning>Traditionally, the first step in most Buddhist schools requires taking refuge in the Three Jewels (Sanskrit: tri-ratna, Pāli: ti-ratana)[web 19] as the foundation of one's religious practice. The practice of taking refuge on behalf of young or even ... |
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