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What does the personal copying exemption explicitly need? | <text>What does the personal copying exemption explicitly need?</text><reasoning>In some countries, the personal copying exemption explicitly requires that the content being copied was obtained legitimately – i.e., from authorized sources, not file-sharing networks. Other countries, such as the Netherlands, make no suc... |
What is an example of a country that the exemption was assumed? | <text>What is an example of a country that the exemption was assumed?</text><reasoning>In some countries, the personal copying exemption explicitly requires that the content being copied was obtained legitimately – i.e., from authorized sources, not file-sharing networks. Other countries, such as the Netherlands, make ... |
When did the Court of Justice of the EU make a ruling about distinction? | <text>When did the Court of Justice of the EU make a ruling about distinction?</text><reasoning>In some countries, the personal copying exemption explicitly requires that the content being copied was obtained legitimately – i.e., from authorized sources, not file-sharing networks. Other countries, such as the Netherlan... |
In which country is downloading from a file-sharing network no longer legal? | <text>In which country is downloading from a file-sharing network no longer legal?</text><reasoning>In some countries, the personal copying exemption explicitly requires that the content being copied was obtained legitimately – i.e., from authorized sources, not file-sharing networks. Other countries, such as the Nethe... |
What includes Internet portals, software and games? | <text>What includes Internet portals, software and games?</text><reasoning>In addition, intermediaries are now also generally understood to include Internet portals, software and games providers, those providing virtual information such as interactive forums and comment facilities with or without a moderation system, a... |
What examples provide virtual information? | <text>What examples provide virtual information?</text><reasoning>In addition, intermediaries are now also generally understood to include Internet portals, software and games providers, those providing virtual information such as interactive forums and comment facilities with or without a moderation system, aggregator... |
News, universities and libraries and archives are examples of what? | <text>News, universities and libraries and archives are examples of what?</text><reasoning>In addition, intermediaries are now also generally understood to include Internet portals, software and games providers, those providing virtual information such as interactive forums and comment facilities with or without a mode... |
What is an important element of the World Wide Web? | <text>What is an important element of the World Wide Web?</text><reasoning>In addition, intermediaries are now also generally understood to include Internet portals, software and games providers, those providing virtual information such as interactive forums and comment facilities with or without a moderation system, a... |
What federal law did the United States pass in 1997, in response to the LaMacchia Loophole? | <text>What federal law did the United States pass in 1997, in response to the LaMacchia Loophole?</text><reasoning>The United States No Electronic Theft Act (NET Act), a federal law passed in 1997, in response to LaMacchia, provides for criminal prosecution of individuals who engage in copyright infringement under cert... |
What is the maximum prison time for infringement under the new law? | <text>What is the maximum prison time for infringement under the new law?</text><reasoning>The United States No Electronic Theft Act (NET Act), a federal law passed in 1997, in response to LaMacchia, provides for criminal prosecution of individuals who engage in copyright infringement under certain circumstances, even ... |
What is the maximum monetary fine under the new law? | <text>What is the maximum monetary fine under the new law?</text><reasoning>The United States No Electronic Theft Act (NET Act), a federal law passed in 1997, in response to LaMacchia, provides for criminal prosecution of individuals who engage in copyright infringement under certain circumstances, even when there is n... |
How much were statutory damages raised by? | <text>How much were statutory damages raised by?</text><reasoning>The United States No Electronic Theft Act (NET Act), a federal law passed in 1997, in response to LaMacchia, provides for criminal prosecution of individuals who engage in copyright infringement under certain circumstances, even when there is no monetary... |
What was the law called that let people be immune to prosecution? | <text>What was the law called that let people be immune to prosecution?</text><reasoning>The United States No Electronic Theft Act (NET Act), a federal law passed in 1997, in response to LaMacchia, provides for criminal prosecution of individuals who engage in copyright infringement under certain circumstances, even wh... |
The name Shell is connected to what company? | <text>The name Shell is connected to what company?</text><reasoning>The name Shell is linked to The "Shell" Transport and Trading Company. In 1833, the founder's father, Marcus Samuel, founded an import business to sell seashells to London collectors. When collecting seashell specimens in the Caspian Sea area in 1892, ... |
What was the purpose of the created of The "Shell" Transport and Trading Company? | <text>What was the purpose of the created of The "Shell" Transport and Trading Company?</text><reasoning>The name Shell is linked to The "Shell" Transport and Trading Company. In 1833, the founder's father, Marcus Samuel, founded an import business to sell seashells to London collectors. When collecting seashell specim... |
What did the younger founder of The "Shell" Transport and Trading company discover while collecting seashell specimens in the Caspian Sea area? | <text>What did the younger founder of The "Shell" Transport and Trading company discover while collecting seashell specimens in the Caspian Sea area?</text><reasoning>The name Shell is linked to The "Shell" Transport and Trading Company. In 1833, the founder's father, Marcus Samuel, founded an import business to sell s... |
By what year did the company have a fleet of oil tankers operating in the Caspian Sea region? | <text>By what year did the company have a fleet of oil tankers operating in the Caspian Sea region?</text><reasoning>The name Shell is linked to The "Shell" Transport and Trading Company. In 1833, the founder's father, Marcus Samuel, founded an import business to sell seashells to London collectors. When collecting sea... |
The company operated a refinery on what river for several decades? | <text>The company operated a refinery on what river for several decades?</text><reasoning>The name Shell is linked to The "Shell" Transport and Trading Company. In 1833, the founder's father, Marcus Samuel, founded an import business to sell seashells to London collectors. When collecting seashell specimens in the Casp... |
What is a cause of severe environmental issues in the Niger Delta? | <text>What is a cause of severe environmental issues in the Niger Delta?</text><reasoning>The presence of companies like Shell in the Niger-Delta has led to extreme environmental issues in the Niger Delta. Many pipelines in the Niger-Delta owned by Shell are old and corroded. Shell has acknowledged its responsibility f... |
Many pipelines owned by Shell in the Niger Delta are described as what? | <text>Many pipelines owned by Shell in the Niger Delta are described as what?</text><reasoning>The presence of companies like Shell in the Niger-Delta has led to extreme environmental issues in the Niger Delta. Many pipelines in the Niger-Delta owned by Shell are old and corroded. Shell has acknowledged its responsibil... |
Shell has accepted responsibility for keeping its pipelines in what condition? | <text>Shell has accepted responsibility for keeping its pipelines in what condition?</text><reasoning>The presence of companies like Shell in the Niger-Delta has led to extreme environmental issues in the Niger Delta. Many pipelines in the Niger-Delta owned by Shell are old and corroded. Shell has acknowledged its resp... |
In contrast to its acceptance of responsibility for keeping the pipelines new, Shell has denied what? | <text>In contrast to its acceptance of responsibility for keeping the pipelines new, Shell has denied what?</text><reasoning>The presence of companies like Shell in the Niger-Delta has led to extreme environmental issues in the Niger Delta. Many pipelines in the Niger-Delta owned by Shell are old and corroded. Shell ha... |
Environmental and human rights groups have created action plans to do what? | <text>Environmental and human rights groups have created action plans to do what?</text><reasoning>The presence of companies like Shell in the Niger-Delta has led to extreme environmental issues in the Niger Delta. Many pipelines in the Niger-Delta owned by Shell are old and corroded. Shell has acknowledged its respons... |
What did the Royal Charter give to the Stationers' Company of London? | <text>What did the Royal Charter give to the Stationers' Company of London?</text><reasoning>The practice of labelling the infringement of exclusive rights in creative works as "piracy" predates statutory copyright law. Prior to the Statute of Anne in 1710, the Stationers' Company of London in 1557, received a Royal Ch... |
How does Article 12 of the 1886 Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works use the term piracy? | <text>How does Article 12 of the 1886 Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works use the term piracy?</text><reasoning>The practice of labelling the infringement of exclusive rights in creative works as "piracy" predates statutory copyright law. Prior to the Statute of Anne in 1710, the Statione... |
What would happen if you imported a copyrighted work into a country where the original is protected by copyright law? | <text>What would happen if you imported a copyrighted work into a country where the original is protected by copyright law?</text><reasoning>The practice of labelling the infringement of exclusive rights in creative works as "piracy" predates statutory copyright law. Prior to the Statute of Anne in 1710, the Stationers... |
When was the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights enacted? | <text>When was the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights enacted?</text><reasoning>The practice of labelling the infringement of exclusive rights in creative works as "piracy" predates statutory copyright law. Prior to the Statute of Anne in 1710, the Stationers' Company of London in 1557, ... |
Piracy has been more recently described online in relation to what? | <text>Piracy has been more recently described online in relation to what?</text><reasoning>The practice of labelling the infringement of exclusive rights in creative works as "piracy" predates statutory copyright law. Prior to the Statute of Anne in 1710, the Stationers' Company of London in 1557, received a Royal Char... |
Greece was split into sections of different rulers in what year? | <text>Greece was split into sections of different rulers in what year?</text><reasoning>Following the Fourth Crusade and the fall of Constantinople to the "Latins" in 1204 mainland Greece was split between the Greek Despotate of Epirus (a Byzantine successor state) and Frankish rule (known as the Frankokratia), while s... |
Constantinople once again became a capital in what year? | <text>Constantinople once again became a capital in what year?</text><reasoning>Following the Fourth Crusade and the fall of Constantinople to the "Latins" in 1204 mainland Greece was split between the Greek Despotate of Epirus (a Byzantine successor state) and Frankish rule (known as the Frankokratia), while some isl... |
The Grecian islands in the 14th century were under the control of who? | <text>The Grecian islands in the 14th century were under the control of who?</text><reasoning>Following the Fourth Crusade and the fall of Constantinople to the "Latins" in 1204 mainland Greece was split between the Greek Despotate of Epirus (a Byzantine successor state) and Frankish rule (known as the Frankokratia), w... |
In 1261 Constantinople was the capital for which empire? | <text>In 1261 Constantinople was the capital for which empire?</text><reasoning>Following the Fourth Crusade and the fall of Constantinople to the "Latins" in 1204 mainland Greece was split between the Greek Despotate of Epirus (a Byzantine successor state) and Frankish rule (known as the Frankokratia), while some isla... |
Which country needs a similarity requirement to determine if the work was copied? | <text>Which country needs a similarity requirement to determine if the work was copied?</text><reasoning>In the U.S., for example, copyright case law contains a substantial similarity requirement to determine whether the work was copied. Likewise, courts may require computer software to pass an Abstraction-Filtration-C... |
What test might courts require software to pass to determine if it is protected or infringing? | <text>What test might courts require software to pass to determine if it is protected or infringing?</text><reasoning>In the U.S., for example, copyright case law contains a substantial similarity requirement to determine whether the work was copied. Likewise, courts may require computer software to pass an Abstraction... |
What has software case law determined about R&D, effort and expense put into creation? | <text>What has software case law determined about R&D, effort and expense put into creation?</text><reasoning>In the U.S., for example, copyright case law contains a substantial similarity requirement to determine whether the work was copied. Likewise, courts may require computer software to pass an Abstraction-Filtrat... |
When was the first criminal part of copyright law in the U.S. added? | <text>When was the first criminal part of copyright law in the U.S. added?</text><reasoning>The first criminal provision in U.S. copyright law was added in 1897, which established a misdemeanor penalty for "unlawful performances and representations of copyrighted dramatic and musical compositions" if the violation had ... |
What type of penalty was made for unlawful performances that are willful and for profit? | <text>What type of penalty was made for unlawful performances that are willful and for profit?</text><reasoning>The first criminal provision in U.S. copyright law was added in 1897, which established a misdemeanor penalty for "unlawful performances and representations of copyrighted dramatic and musical compositions" i... |
What did a criminal infringer do to be prosecuted? | <text>What did a criminal infringer do to be prosecuted?</text><reasoning>The first criminal provision in U.S. copyright law was added in 1897, which established a misdemeanor penalty for "unlawful performances and representations of copyrighted dramatic and musical compositions" if the violation had been "willful and ... |
What must a prosecuter show after the basic elements of infringement? | <text>What must a prosecuter show after the basic elements of infringement?</text><reasoning>The first criminal provision in U.S. copyright law was added in 1897, which established a misdemeanor penalty for "unlawful performances and representations of copyrighted dramatic and musical compositions" if the violation had... |
What is the threshold of the number of copies and the value of the works? | <text>What is the threshold of the number of copies and the value of the works?</text><reasoning>The first criminal provision in U.S. copyright law was added in 1897, which established a misdemeanor penalty for "unlawful performances and representations of copyrighted dramatic and musical compositions" if the violation... |
What does Article 10 of the Berne Convention call certain uses that limit copyright? | <text>What does Article 10 of the Berne Convention call certain uses that limit copyright?</text><reasoning>Article 10 of the Berne Convention mandates that national laws provide for limitations to copyright, so that copyright protection does not extend to certain kinds of uses that fall under what the treaty calls "fa... |
Where are minimal quotations commonly used? | <text>Where are minimal quotations commonly used?</text><reasoning>Article 10 of the Berne Convention mandates that national laws provide for limitations to copyright, so that copyright protection does not extend to certain kinds of uses that fall under what the treaty calls "fair practice," including but not limited t... |
What categories do works that would normally be considered infringing fall into? | <text>What categories do works that would normally be considered infringing fall into?</text><reasoning>Article 10 of the Berne Convention mandates that national laws provide for limitations to copyright, so that copyright protection does not extend to certain kinds of uses that fall under what the treaty calls "fair p... |
What do these statutes represent? | <text>What do these statutes represent?</text><reasoning>Article 10 of the Berne Convention mandates that national laws provide for limitations to copyright, so that copyright protection does not extend to certain kinds of uses that fall under what the treaty calls "fair practice," including but not limited to minimal ... |
What are these statutes essential to? | <text>What are these statutes essential to?</text><reasoning>Article 10 of the Berne Convention mandates that national laws provide for limitations to copyright, so that copyright protection does not extend to certain kinds of uses that fall under what the treaty calls "fair practice," including but not limited to mini... |
What is it called when a law disallows copyright owners from denying a license for certain uses? | <text>What is it called when a law disallows copyright owners from denying a license for certain uses?</text><reasoning>Another example is the practice of compulsory licensing, which is where the law forbids copyright owners from denying a license for certain uses of certain kinds of works, such as compilations and liv... |
What are two examples of this licensing? | <text>What are two examples of this licensing?</text><reasoning>Another example is the practice of compulsory licensing, which is where the law forbids copyright owners from denying a license for certain uses of certain kinds of works, such as compilations and live performances of music. Compulsory licensing laws gener... |
What happens if a royalty is paid to the copyright owner or representative? | <text>What happens if a royalty is paid to the copyright owner or representative?</text><reasoning>Another example is the practice of compulsory licensing, which is where the law forbids copyright owners from denying a license for certain uses of certain kinds of works, such as compilations and live performances of mus... |
What country has fair dealing laws? | <text>What country has fair dealing laws?</text><reasoning>Another example is the practice of compulsory licensing, which is where the law forbids copyright owners from denying a license for certain uses of certain kinds of works, such as compilations and live performances of music. Compulsory licensing laws generally ... |
Where was the Public Relations Consultants Association Ltd v Newspaper Licensing Agency Ltd case contested? | <text>Where was the Public Relations Consultants Association Ltd v Newspaper Licensing Agency Ltd case contested?</text><reasoning>In Europe, the copyright infringement case Public Relations Consultants Association Ltd v Newspaper Licensing Agency Ltd had two prongs; one concerned whether a news aggregator service infr... |
Whose copyright were news aggregators infringing on? | <text>Whose copyright were news aggregators infringing on?</text><reasoning>In Europe, the copyright infringement case Public Relations Consultants Association Ltd v Newspaper Licensing Agency Ltd had two prongs; one concerned whether a news aggregator service infringed the copyright of the news generators; the other c... |
When was the second part of the case decided? | <text>When was the second part of the case decided?</text><reasoning>In Europe, the copyright infringement case Public Relations Consultants Association Ltd v Newspaper Licensing Agency Ltd had two prongs; one concerned whether a news aggregator service infringed the copyright of the news generators; the other concerne... |
What did the courts rule was NOT infringement? | <text>What did the courts rule was NOT infringement?</text><reasoning>In Europe, the copyright infringement case Public Relations Consultants Association Ltd v Newspaper Licensing Agency Ltd had two prongs; one concerned whether a news aggregator service infringed the copyright of the news generators; the other concern... |
If a work must include a degree of originality, what else must it contain to be protected? | <text>If a work must include a degree of originality, what else must it contain to be protected?</text><reasoning>In order to qualify for protection, a work must be an expression with a degree of originality, and it must be in a fixed medium, such as written down on paper or recorded digitally. The idea itself is not p... |
What is NOT protected? | <text>What is NOT protected?</text><reasoning>In order to qualify for protection, a work must be an expression with a degree of originality, and it must be in a fixed medium, such as written down on paper or recorded digitally. The idea itself is not protected. That is, a copy of someone else's original idea is not inf... |
What makes a copy of an original idea infringing? | <text>What makes a copy of an original idea infringing?</text><reasoning>In order to qualify for protection, a work must be an expression with a degree of originality, and it must be in a fixed medium, such as written down on paper or recorded digitally. The idea itself is not protected. That is, a copy of someone else... |
What limitation is only embodied in case law, rather than statues? | <text>What limitation is only embodied in case law, rather than statues?</text><reasoning>In order to qualify for protection, a work must be an expression with a degree of originality, and it must be in a fixed medium, such as written down on paper or recorded digitally. The idea itself is not protected. That is, a cop... |
What is the U.S. law that uses the WIPO Copyright as it's Title I? | <text>What is the U.S. law that uses the WIPO Copyright as it's Title I?</text><reasoning>Title I of the U.S. DMCA, the WIPO Copyright and Performances and Phonograms Treaties Implementation Act has provisions that prevent persons from "circumvent[ing] a technological measure that effectively controls access to a work"... |
What is it called when someone intentionally breaks encryption on a movie or game? | <text>What is it called when someone intentionally breaks encryption on a movie or game?</text><reasoning>Title I of the U.S. DMCA, the WIPO Copyright and Performances and Phonograms Treaties Implementation Act has provisions that prevent persons from "circumvent[ing] a technological measure that effectively controls a... |
Anticircumvention exemptions are generally seen to be be what? | <text>Anticircumvention exemptions are generally seen to be be what?</text><reasoning>Title I of the U.S. DMCA, the WIPO Copyright and Performances and Phonograms Treaties Implementation Act has provisions that prevent persons from "circumvent[ing] a technological measure that effectively controls access to a work". Th... |
What are child safety and public library software used to filter? | <text>What are child safety and public library software used to filter?</text><reasoning>Title I of the U.S. DMCA, the WIPO Copyright and Performances and Phonograms Treaties Implementation Act has provisions that prevent persons from "circumvent[ing] a technological measure that effectively controls access to a work".... |
War between Russia and the Ottomans began in what year? | <text>War between Russia and the Ottomans began in what year?</text><reasoning>All Greeks were united, however, in their determination to liberate the Greek-speaking provinces of the Ottoman Empire, regardless of the dialect they spoke. Especially in Crete, a prolonged revolt in 1866–1869 had raised nationalist fervour... |
A revolt lasted for 3 years on which Greek island? | <text>A revolt lasted for 3 years on which Greek island?</text><reasoning>All Greeks were united, however, in their determination to liberate the Greek-speaking provinces of the Ottoman Empire, regardless of the dialect they spoke. Especially in Crete, a prolonged revolt in 1866–1869 had raised nationalist fervour. Whe... |
In what year did the Treaty of Berlin occur? | <text>In what year did the Treaty of Berlin occur?</text><reasoning>All Greeks were united, however, in their determination to liberate the Greek-speaking provinces of the Ottoman Empire, regardless of the dialect they spoke. Especially in Crete, a prolonged revolt in 1866–1869 had raised nationalist fervour. When war ... |
What do certain type of intermediaries NOT do? | <text>What do certain type of intermediaries NOT do?</text><reasoning>These types of intermediaries do not host or transmit infringing content, themselves, but may be regarded in some courts as encouraging, enabling or facilitating infringement by users. These intermediaries may include the author, publishers and marke... |
What protocol do intermediaries use that include a torrent tracker? | <text>What protocol do intermediaries use that include a torrent tracker?</text><reasoning>These types of intermediaries do not host or transmit infringing content, themselves, but may be regarded in some courts as encouraging, enabling or facilitating infringement by users. These intermediaries may include the author,... |
What do Torrent files NOT contain? | <text>What do Torrent files NOT contain?</text><reasoning>These types of intermediaries do not host or transmit infringing content, themselves, but may be regarded in some courts as encouraging, enabling or facilitating infringement by users. These intermediaries may include the author, publishers and marketers of peer... |
What is a torrent site that uses magnet links to share peer-to-peer? | <text>What is a torrent site that uses magnet links to share peer-to-peer?</text><reasoning>These types of intermediaries do not host or transmit infringing content, themselves, but may be regarded in some courts as encouraging, enabling or facilitating infringement by users. These intermediaries may include the author... |
What directive in 2001 let European Union countries to enact laws that allowed making copies for personal use? | <text>What directive in 2001 let European Union countries to enact laws that allowed making copies for personal use?</text><reasoning>The personal copying exemption in the copyright law of EU member states stems from the EU Copyright Directive of 2001, which is generally devised to allow EU members to enact laws sancti... |
What was the directive NOT intended for? | <text>What was the directive NOT intended for?</text><reasoning>The personal copying exemption in the copyright law of EU member states stems from the EU Copyright Directive of 2001, which is generally devised to allow EU members to enact laws sanctioning making copies without authorization, as long as they are for per... |
Compensation to the rights-holder is generally a levy or what else? | <text>Compensation to the rights-holder is generally a levy or what else?</text><reasoning>The personal copying exemption in the copyright law of EU member states stems from the EU Copyright Directive of 2001, which is generally devised to allow EU members to enact laws sanctioning making copies without authorization, ... |
What is an example of a country that has no levies collected? | <text>What is an example of a country that has no levies collected?</text><reasoning>The personal copying exemption in the copyright law of EU member states stems from the EU Copyright Directive of 2001, which is generally devised to allow EU members to enact laws sanctioning making copies without authorization, as lon... |
What are examples of general purpose storage devices? | <text>What are examples of general purpose storage devices?</text><reasoning>The personal copying exemption in the copyright law of EU member states stems from the EU Copyright Directive of 2001, which is generally devised to allow EU members to enact laws sanctioning making copies without authorization, as long as the... |
Who takes different steps to prevent infringement? | <text>Who takes different steps to prevent infringement?</text><reasoning>Corporations and legislatures take different types of preventative measures to deter copyright infringement, with much of the focus since the early 1990s being on preventing or reducing digital methods of infringement. Strategies include educatio... |
What is the major focus of these steps? | <text>What is the major focus of these steps?</text><reasoning>Corporations and legislatures take different types of preventative measures to deter copyright infringement, with much of the focus since the early 1990s being on preventing or reducing digital methods of infringement. Strategies include education, civil & ... |
What kinds of legislation are a strategy for preventing infringement? | <text>What kinds of legislation are a strategy for preventing infringement?</text><reasoning>Corporations and legislatures take different types of preventative measures to deter copyright infringement, with much of the focus since the early 1990s being on preventing or reducing digital methods of infringement. Strategi... |
What does DRM and anti-circumvention laws do? | <text>What does DRM and anti-circumvention laws do?</text><reasoning>Corporations and legislatures take different types of preventative measures to deter copyright infringement, with much of the focus since the early 1990s being on preventing or reducing digital methods of infringement. Strategies include education, ci... |
How long is a movie typically released in theaters for? | <text>How long is a movie typically released in theaters for?</text><reasoning>To prevent piracy of films, the standard drill of film distribution is to have a movie first released through movie theaters (theatrical window), on average approximately 16 and a half weeks, before having it released to Blu-Ray and DVD (ent... |
During this time, how are digital versions of the movie transported in data storage devices? | <text>During this time, how are digital versions of the movie transported in data storage devices?</text><reasoning>To prevent piracy of films, the standard drill of film distribution is to have a movie first released through movie theaters (theatrical window), on average approximately 16 and a half weeks, before havin... |
What can be done to a movie to only allow it to show at certain times? | <text>What can be done to a movie to only allow it to show at certain times?</text><reasoning>To prevent piracy of films, the standard drill of film distribution is to have a movie first released through movie theaters (theatrical window), on average approximately 16 and a half weeks, before having it released to Blu-R... |
What can be coded to films to find the source of illegal copies? | <text>What can be coded to films to find the source of illegal copies?</text><reasoning>To prevent piracy of films, the standard drill of film distribution is to have a movie first released through movie theaters (theatrical window), on average approximately 16 and a half weeks, before having it released to Blu-Ray and... |
What inferior versions of movies are available for piracy during the theatrical run of a movie called? | <text>What inferior versions of movies are available for piracy during the theatrical run of a movie called?</text><reasoning>To prevent piracy of films, the standard drill of film distribution is to have a movie first released through movie theaters (theatrical window), on average approximately 16 and a half weeks, be... |
Who else did the BSA issues a report in 2011 with? | <text>Who else did the BSA issues a report in 2011 with?</text><reasoning>In its 2011 report, conducted in partnership with IDC and Ipsos Public Affairs, the BSA stated: "Over half of the world's personal computer users – 57 percent – admit to pirating software." The ninth annual "BSA Global Software Piracy Study" clai... |
What percentage of people admit to pirating software? | <text>What percentage of people admit to pirating software?</text><reasoning>In its 2011 report, conducted in partnership with IDC and Ipsos Public Affairs, the BSA stated: "Over half of the world's personal computer users – 57 percent – admit to pirating software." The ninth annual "BSA Global Software Piracy Study" c... |
What was the commercial value of pirated software in 2011? | <text>What was the commercial value of pirated software in 2011?</text><reasoning>In its 2011 report, conducted in partnership with IDC and Ipsos Public Affairs, the BSA stated: "Over half of the world's personal computer users – 57 percent – admit to pirating software." The ninth annual "BSA Global Software Piracy Stu... |
What nation had the higest piracy rate? | <text>What nation had the higest piracy rate?</text><reasoning>In its 2011 report, conducted in partnership with IDC and Ipsos Public Affairs, the BSA stated: "Over half of the world's personal computer users – 57 percent – admit to pirating software." The ninth annual "BSA Global Software Piracy Study" claims that the... |
What was the U.S.'s piracy rate? | <text>What was the U.S.'s piracy rate?</text><reasoning>In its 2011 report, conducted in partnership with IDC and Ipsos Public Affairs, the BSA stated: "Over half of the world's personal computer users – 57 percent – admit to pirating software." The ninth annual "BSA Global Software Piracy Study" claims that the "comme... |
What 2010 body found how difficult it is to accurately report the financial impact of infringement? | <text>What 2010 body found how difficult it is to accurately report the financial impact of infringement?</text><reasoning>The U.S. GAO's 2010 findings regarding the great difficulty of accurately gauging the economic impact of copyright infringement was reinforced within the same report by the body's research into thr... |
How many commanly cited estimates did the body report on? | <text>How many commanly cited estimates did the body report on?</text><reasoning>The U.S. GAO's 2010 findings regarding the great difficulty of accurately gauging the economic impact of copyright infringement was reinforced within the same report by the body's research into three commonly cited estimates that had previ... |
What did the FBI use as a source? | <text>What did the FBI use as a source?</text><reasoning>The U.S. GAO's 2010 findings regarding the great difficulty of accurately gauging the economic impact of copyright infringement was reinforced within the same report by the body's research into three commonly cited estimates that had previously been provided to U... |
What report said the data could not be substantiated or traced to a reliable data source? | <text>What report said the data could not be substantiated or traced to a reliable data source?</text><reasoning>The U.S. GAO's 2010 findings regarding the great difficulty of accurately gauging the economic impact of copyright infringement was reinforced within the same report by the body's research into three commonl... |
How have governments lowered infringement rates? | <text>How have governments lowered infringement rates?</text><reasoning>Legislatures have reduced infringement by narrowing the scope of what is considered infringing. Aside from upholding international copyright treaty obligations to provide general limitations and exceptions, nations have enacted compulsory licensing... |
Besides upholding international treaty, what else have countries done specifically to digital works and uses? | <text>Besides upholding international treaty, what else have countries done specifically to digital works and uses?</text><reasoning>Legislatures have reduced infringement by narrowing the scope of what is considered infringing. Aside from upholding international copyright treaty obligations to provide general limitati... |
What law in the US considers digital transmission of audio to be licensed if certain conditions are met? | <text>What law in the US considers digital transmission of audio to be licensed if certain conditions are met?</text><reasoning>Legislatures have reduced infringement by narrowing the scope of what is considered infringing. Aside from upholding international copyright treaty obligations to provide general limitations a... |
What else does this law provide to service providers? | <text>What else does this law provide to service providers?</text><reasoning>Legislatures have reduced infringement by narrowing the scope of what is considered infringing. Aside from upholding international copyright treaty obligations to provide general limitations and exceptions, nations have enacted compulsory lice... |
Who does this law target? | <text>Who does this law target?</text><reasoning>Legislatures have reduced infringement by narrowing the scope of what is considered infringing. Aside from upholding international copyright treaty obligations to provide general limitations and exceptions, nations have enacted compulsory licensing laws applying specific... |
Who reported that piracy took $12.5 billion from the U.S. economy? | <text>Who reported that piracy took $12.5 billion from the U.S. economy?</text><reasoning>In 2007, the Institute for Policy Innovation (IPI) reported that music piracy took $12.5 billion from the U.S. economy. According to the study, musicians and those involved in the recording industry are not the only ones who exper... |
How much money have retailers lost? | <text>How much money have retailers lost?</text><reasoning>In 2007, the Institute for Policy Innovation (IPI) reported that music piracy took $12.5 billion from the U.S. economy. According to the study, musicians and those involved in the recording industry are not the only ones who experience losses attributed to musi... |
How many production-level jobs were lost? | <text>How many production-level jobs were lost?</text><reasoning>In 2007, the Institute for Policy Innovation (IPI) reported that music piracy took $12.5 billion from the U.S. economy. According to the study, musicians and those involved in the recording industry are not the only ones who experience losses attributed t... |
Which government lost $422 million in potential tax money? | <text>Which government lost $422 million in potential tax money?</text><reasoning>In 2007, the Institute for Policy Innovation (IPI) reported that music piracy took $12.5 billion from the U.S. economy. According to the study, musicians and those involved in the recording industry are not the only ones who experience lo... |
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