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What is the Franco-Prussian War also known as? | <text>What is the Franco-Prussian War also known as?</text><reasoning>The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War (German: Deutsch-Französischer Krieg, lit. German-French War, French: Guerre franco-allemande, lit. Franco-German War), often referred to in France as the War of 1870 (19 July 1870 – 10 May 1871), was a co... |
What was the war often referred to in France as? | <text>What was the war often referred to in France as?</text><reasoning>The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War (German: Deutsch-Französischer Krieg, lit. German-French War, French: Guerre franco-allemande, lit. Franco-German War), often referred to in France as the War of 1870 (19 July 1870 – 10 May 1871), was a ... |
In the conflict, who lead the German states of the North German Confederation? | <text>In the conflict, who lead the German states of the North German Confederation?</text><reasoning>The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War (German: Deutsch-Französischer Krieg, lit. German-French War, French: Guerre franco-allemande, lit. Franco-German War), often referred to in France as the War of 1870 (19 Ju... |
Whose ambitions are credited with causing the conflict? | <text>Whose ambitions are credited with causing the conflict?</text><reasoning>The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War (German: Deutsch-Französischer Krieg, lit. German-French War, French: Guerre franco-allemande, lit. Franco-German War), often referred to in France as the War of 1870 (19 July 1870 – 10 May 1871),... |
Which Prussian chancellor's motives in the conflict are still disputed? | <text>Which Prussian chancellor's motives in the conflict are still disputed?</text><reasoning>The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War (German: Deutsch-Französischer Krieg, lit. German-French War, French: Guerre franco-allemande, lit. Franco-German War), often referred to in France as the War of 1870 (19 July 1870... |
Which disaster made French planning supremely essential? | <text>Which disaster made French planning supremely essential?</text><reasoning>On the French side, planning after the disaster at Wissembourg had become essential. General Le Bœuf, flushed with anger, was intent upon going on the offensive over the Saar and countering their loss. However, planning for the next encount... |
Which general was determined to go on the attack over Saar? | <text>Which general was determined to go on the attack over Saar?</text><reasoning>On the French side, planning after the disaster at Wissembourg had become essential. General Le Bœuf, flushed with anger, was intent upon going on the offensive over the Saar and countering their loss. However, planning for the next enco... |
Planning for the next battle was less based on emotion and more focused on what? | <text>Planning for the next battle was less based on emotion and more focused on what?</text><reasoning>On the French side, planning after the disaster at Wissembourg had become essential. General Le Bœuf, flushed with anger, was intent upon going on the offensive over the Saar and countering their loss. However, plann... |
Who told LeBoeuf that supply beyond the Saar would be impossible? | <text>Who told LeBoeuf that supply beyond the Saar would be impossible?</text><reasoning>On the French side, planning after the disaster at Wissembourg had become essential. General Le Bœuf, flushed with anger, was intent upon going on the offensive over the Saar and countering their loss. However, planning for the nex... |
What did the French armies decide on to protect against every possible attack point? | <text>What did the French armies decide on to protect against every possible attack point?</text><reasoning>On the French side, planning after the disaster at Wissembourg had become essential. General Le Bœuf, flushed with anger, was intent upon going on the offensive over the Saar and countering their loss. However, p... |
What odds were at stake for the attack launched by the III Corps? | <text>What odds were at stake for the attack launched by the III Corps?</text><reasoning>Despite odds of four to one, the III Corps launched a risky attack. The French were routed and the III Corps captured Vionville, blocking any further escape attempts to the west. Once blocked from retreat, the French in the fortres... |
What town were the III Corps able to capture? | <text>What town were the III Corps able to capture?</text><reasoning>Despite odds of four to one, the III Corps launched a risky attack. The French were routed and the III Corps captured Vionville, blocking any further escape attempts to the west. Once blocked from retreat, the French in the fortress of Metz had no cho... |
In capturing Vionville, what was further blocked in the west? | <text>In capturing Vionville, what was further blocked in the west?</text><reasoning>Despite odds of four to one, the III Corps launched a risky attack. The French were routed and the III Corps captured Vionville, blocking any further escape attempts to the west. Once blocked from retreat, the French in the fortress of... |
With battle at Metz, what factor shattered the efforts of III Corps? | <text>With battle at Metz, what factor shattered the efforts of III Corps?</text><reasoning>Despite odds of four to one, the III Corps launched a risky attack. The French were routed and the III Corps captured Vionville, blocking any further escape attempts to the west. Once blocked from retreat, the French in the fort... |
The Germans recorded how many causualties in the battle? | <text>The Germans recorded how many causualties in the battle?</text><reasoning>Despite odds of four to one, the III Corps launched a risky attack. The French were routed and the III Corps captured Vionville, blocking any further escape attempts to the west. Once blocked from retreat, the French in the fortress of Metz... |
Pre-war, who planned for a strong French offensive? | <text>Pre-war, who planned for a strong French offensive?</text><reasoning>A pre-war plan laid out by the late Marshal Niel called for a strong French offensive from Thionville towards Trier and into the Prussian Rhineland. This plan was discarded in favour of a defensive plan by Generals Charles Frossard and Bartélemy... |
From Thionville towards Trier, what was the final destination of the offensive? | <text>From Thionville towards Trier, what was the final destination of the offensive?</text><reasoning>A pre-war plan laid out by the late Marshal Niel called for a strong French offensive from Thionville towards Trier and into the Prussian Rhineland. This plan was discarded in favour of a defensive plan by Generals Ch... |
Niel's plan was cast aside in favour of a plan by General Frossard and what other general?? | <text>Niel's plan was cast aside in favour of a plan by General Frossard and what other general??</text><reasoning>A pre-war plan laid out by the late Marshal Niel called for a strong French offensive from Thionville towards Trier and into the Prussian Rhineland. This plan was discarded in favour of a defensive plan by... |
The new plan called for which army to remain in a defensive grouping at the German border? | <text>The new plan called for which army to remain in a defensive grouping at the German border?</text><reasoning>A pre-war plan laid out by the late Marshal Niel called for a strong French offensive from Thionville towards Trier and into the Prussian Rhineland. This plan was discarded in favour of a defensive plan by ... |
Which battle was the second of three key French losses? | <text>Which battle was the second of three key French losses?</text><reasoning>The Battle of Spicheren, on 5 August, was the second of three critical French defeats. Moltke had originally planned to keep Bazaine's army on the Saar River until he could attack it with the 2nd Army in front and the 1st Army on its left fl... |
On what date did the battle of Spicheren take place? | <text>On what date did the battle of Spicheren take place?</text><reasoning>The Battle of Spicheren, on 5 August, was the second of three critical French defeats. Moltke had originally planned to keep Bazaine's army on the Saar River until he could attack it with the 2nd Army in front and the 1st Army on its left flank... |
Moltke had originally planned to kee Bazaine's army on what river? | <text>Moltke had originally planned to kee Bazaine's army on what river?</text><reasoning>The Battle of Spicheren, on 5 August, was the second of three critical French defeats. Moltke had originally planned to keep Bazaine's army on the Saar River until he could attack it with the 2nd Army in front and the 1st Army on ... |
Which general's zeal and lack of planning led to cutting off Prince Charles from his calvary? | <text>Which general's zeal and lack of planning led to cutting off Prince Charles from his calvary?</text><reasoning>The Battle of Spicheren, on 5 August, was the second of three critical French defeats. Moltke had originally planned to keep Bazaine's army on the Saar River until he could attack it with the 2nd Army in... |
Which town was the site of General von Steinmetz's grave error? | <text>Which town was the site of General von Steinmetz's grave error?</text><reasoning>The Battle of Spicheren, on 5 August, was the second of three critical French defeats. Moltke had originally planned to keep Bazaine's army on the Saar River until he could attack it with the 2nd Army in front and the 1st Army on its... |
The General Staff developed by Moltke proved to be what? | <text>The General Staff developed by Moltke proved to be what?</text><reasoning>The Prussian General Staff developed by Moltke proved to be extremely effective, in contrast to the traditional French school. This was in large part due to the fact that the Prussian General Staff was created to study previous Prussian ope... |
What was key factor did the Prussian General Staff study? | <text>What was key factor did the Prussian General Staff study?</text><reasoning>The Prussian General Staff developed by Moltke proved to be extremely effective, in contrast to the traditional French school. This was in large part due to the fact that the Prussian General Staff was created to study previous Prussian op... |
What was the goal in the General Staff studying past operations? | <text>What was the goal in the General Staff studying past operations?</text><reasoning>The Prussian General Staff developed by Moltke proved to be extremely effective, in contrast to the traditional French school. This was in large part due to the fact that the Prussian General Staff was created to study previous Prus... |
The structure also reinforced Moltke's ability control large formations spread out over what? | <text>The structure also reinforced Moltke's ability control large formations spread out over what?</text><reasoning>The Prussian General Staff developed by Moltke proved to be extremely effective, in contrast to the traditional French school. This was in large part due to the fact that the Prussian General Staff was c... |
Who is essentially considered the commander in chief of the Prussian army? | <text>Who is essentially considered the commander in chief of the Prussian army?</text><reasoning>The Prussian General Staff developed by Moltke proved to be extremely effective, in contrast to the traditional French school. This was in large part due to the fact that the Prussian General Staff was created to study pre... |
On what date did the battle begin? | <text>On what date did the battle begin?</text><reasoning>On 18 August, the battle began when at 08:00 Moltke ordered the First and Second Armies to advance against the French positions. By 12:00, General Manstein opened up the battle before the village of Amanvillers with artillery from the 25th Infantry Division. But... |
Who order the First and Second armies to advance against the French? | <text>Who order the First and Second armies to advance against the French?</text><reasoning>On 18 August, the battle began when at 08:00 Moltke ordered the First and Second Armies to advance against the French positions. By 12:00, General Manstein opened up the battle before the village of Amanvillers with artillery fr... |
Which general opened the battle with artillery from the 25th Infantry Division? | <text>Which general opened the battle with artillery from the 25th Infantry Division?</text><reasoning>On 18 August, the battle began when at 08:00 Moltke ordered the First and Second Armies to advance against the French positions. By 12:00, General Manstein opened up the battle before the village of Amanvillers with a... |
Who did the battle first appear to favor? | <text>Who did the battle first appear to favor?</text><reasoning>On 18 August, the battle began when at 08:00 Moltke ordered the First and Second Armies to advance against the French positions. By 12:00, General Manstein opened up the battle before the village of Amanvillers with artillery from the 25th Infantry Divisi... |
Who was the commander of the First Army? | <text>Who was the commander of the First Army?</text><reasoning>On 18 August, the battle began when at 08:00 Moltke ordered the First and Second Armies to advance against the French positions. By 12:00, General Manstein opened up the battle before the village of Amanvillers with artillery from the 25th Infantry Divisio... |
What army's defeats turned Gambetta to the Army of the North? | <text>What army's defeats turned Gambetta to the Army of the North?</text><reasoning>Following the Army of the Loire's defeats, Gambetta turned to General Faidherbe's Army of the North. The army had achieved several small victories at towns such as Ham, La Hallue, and Amiens and was protected by the belt of fortresses ... |
Who led the Army of the North? | <text>Who led the Army of the North?</text><reasoning>Following the Army of the Loire's defeats, Gambetta turned to General Faidherbe's Army of the North. The army had achieved several small victories at towns such as Ham, La Hallue, and Amiens and was protected by the belt of fortresses in northern France, allowing Fa... |
Several smaller victories were acheived by the protection of what? | <text>Several smaller victories were acheived by the protection of what?</text><reasoning>Following the Army of the Loire's defeats, Gambetta turned to General Faidherbe's Army of the North. The army had achieved several small victories at towns such as Ham, La Hallue, and Amiens and was protected by the belt of fortre... |
The belt of fortresses were in what area of France? | <text>The belt of fortresses were in what area of France?</text><reasoning>Following the Army of the Loire's defeats, Gambetta turned to General Faidherbe's Army of the North. The army had achieved several small victories at towns such as Ham, La Hallue, and Amiens and was protected by the belt of fortresses in norther... |
This position in the north allowed whose men to launch fast attacks against Prussian units? | <text>This position in the north allowed whose men to launch fast attacks against Prussian units?</text><reasoning>Following the Army of the Loire's defeats, Gambetta turned to General Faidherbe's Army of the North. The army had achieved several small victories at towns such as Ham, La Hallue, and Amiens and was protec... |
Under what Prussian king did the German empire unite as a nation-state? | <text>Under what Prussian king did the German empire unite as a nation-state?</text><reasoning>The German states proclaimed their union as the German Empire under the Prussian king, Wilhelm I, uniting Germany as a nation-state. The Treaty of Frankfurt of 10 May 1871 gave Germany most of Alsace and some parts of Lorrain... |
What was the date of the Treaty of Frankfurt? | <text>What was the date of the Treaty of Frankfurt?</text><reasoning>The German states proclaimed their union as the German Empire under the Prussian king, Wilhelm I, uniting Germany as a nation-state. The Treaty of Frankfurt of 10 May 1871 gave Germany most of Alsace and some parts of Lorraine, which became the Imperi... |
The Treaty of Frankfurt gave Germany which Imperial territory? | <text>The Treaty of Frankfurt gave Germany which Imperial territory?</text><reasoning>The German states proclaimed their union as the German Empire under the Prussian king, Wilhelm I, uniting Germany as a nation-state. The Treaty of Frankfurt of 10 May 1871 gave Germany most of Alsace and some parts of Lorraine, which ... |
Following the unification of Germany, who maintained great authority in international affairs for two decades? | <text>Following the unification of Germany, who maintained great authority in international affairs for two decades?</text><reasoning>The German states proclaimed their union as the German Empire under the Prussian king, Wilhelm I, uniting Germany as a nation-state. The Treaty of Frankfurt of 10 May 1871 gave Germany m... |
Which specific fear was a factor in causing World War I? | <text>Which specific fear was a factor in causing World War I?</text><reasoning>The German states proclaimed their union as the German Empire under the Prussian king, Wilhelm I, uniting Germany as a nation-state. The Treaty of Frankfurt of 10 May 1871 gave Germany most of Alsace and some parts of Lorraine, which became... |
A series of Prussian and German victories took place in what part of France? | <text>A series of Prussian and German victories took place in what part of France?</text><reasoning>A series of swift Prussian and German victories in eastern France, culminating in the Siege of Metz and the Battle of Sedan, saw the army of the Second Empire decisively defeated (Napoleon III had been captured at Sedan ... |
What seige did these victories lead to? | <text>What seige did these victories lead to?</text><reasoning>A series of swift Prussian and German victories in eastern France, culminating in the Siege of Metz and the Battle of Sedan, saw the army of the Second Empire decisively defeated (Napoleon III had been captured at Sedan on 2 September). A Government of Nati... |
What battle was a result of the Prussian and German victories in eastern France? | <text>What battle was a result of the Prussian and German victories in eastern France?</text><reasoning>A series of swift Prussian and German victories in eastern France, culminating in the Siege of Metz and the Battle of Sedan, saw the army of the Second Empire decisively defeated (Napoleon III had been captured at Se... |
Which army definitively defeated Napolean III? | <text>Which army definitively defeated Napolean III?</text><reasoning>A series of swift Prussian and German victories in eastern France, culminating in the Siege of Metz and the Battle of Sedan, saw the army of the Second Empire decisively defeated (Napoleon III had been captured at Sedan on 2 September). A Government ... |
On what date did the Government of National Defence declare the the Third Republic in Paris? | <text>On what date did the Government of National Defence declare the the Third Republic in Paris?</text><reasoning>A series of swift Prussian and German victories in eastern France, culminating in the Siege of Metz and the Battle of Sedan, saw the army of the Second Empire decisively defeated (Napoleon III had been ca... |
What battle began when two armies collided in the town of Froschwiller? | <text>What battle began when two armies collided in the town of Froschwiller?</text><reasoning>The Battle of Wörth (also known as Fröschwiller or Reichshoffen) began when the two armies clashed again on 6 August near Wörth in the town of Fröschwiller, about 10 miles (16 km) from Wissembourg. The Crown Prince of Prussia... |
On what date did the Battle of Worth begin? | <text>On what date did the Battle of Worth begin?</text><reasoning>The Battle of Wörth (also known as Fröschwiller or Reichshoffen) began when the two armies clashed again on 6 August near Wörth in the town of Fröschwiller, about 10 miles (16 km) from Wissembourg. The Crown Prince of Prussia's 3rd army had, on the quic... |
What was the estimated number of troops in Prussia's 3rd Army? | <text>What was the estimated number of troops in Prussia's 3rd Army?</text><reasoning>The Battle of Wörth (also known as Fröschwiller or Reichshoffen) began when the two armies clashed again on 6 August near Wörth in the town of Fröschwiller, about 10 miles (16 km) from Wissembourg. The Crown Prince of Prussia's 3rd ar... |
What number of troops did France have to contend with? | <text>What number of troops did France have to contend with?</text><reasoning>The Battle of Wörth (also known as Fröschwiller or Reichshoffen) began when the two armies clashed again on 6 August near Wörth in the town of Fröschwiller, about 10 miles (16 km) from Wissembourg. The Crown Prince of Prussia's 3rd army had, ... |
Instead of pursuing the French as they retreated, the Germans decided to remain where? | <text>Instead of pursuing the French as they retreated, the Germans decided to remain where?</text><reasoning>The Battle of Wörth (also known as Fröschwiller or Reichshoffen) began when the two armies clashed again on 6 August near Wörth in the town of Fröschwiller, about 10 miles (16 km) from Wissembourg. The Crown Pr... |
What did the Prussian Army hold in Paris on 17 February? | <text>What did the Prussian Army hold in Paris on 17 February?</text><reasoning>The Prussian Army, under the terms of the armistice, held a brief victory parade in Paris on 17 February; the city was silent and draped with black and the Germans quickly withdrew. Bismarck honoured the armistice, by allowing train loads o... |
Under what provision was the Prussian Army permitted to have a victory parade? | <text>Under what provision was the Prussian Army permitted to have a victory parade?</text><reasoning>The Prussian Army, under the terms of the armistice, held a brief victory parade in Paris on 17 February; the city was silent and draped with black and the Germans quickly withdrew. Bismarck honoured the armistice, by ... |
To hounour the armistice, Bismarck allowed train loads of what into Paris? | <text>To hounour the armistice, Bismarck allowed train loads of what into Paris?</text><reasoning>The Prussian Army, under the terms of the armistice, held a brief victory parade in Paris on 17 February; the city was silent and draped with black and the Germans quickly withdrew. Bismarck honoured the armistice, by allo... |
France had to consent to pay how much in war indemnity? | <text>France had to consent to pay how much in war indemnity?</text><reasoning>The Prussian Army, under the terms of the armistice, held a brief victory parade in Paris on 17 February; the city was silent and draped with black and the Germans quickly withdrew. Bismarck honoured the armistice, by allowing train loads of... |
An ensuing mass exodus from Paris saw how many people head for the countryside? | <text>An ensuing mass exodus from Paris saw how many people head for the countryside?</text><reasoning>The Prussian Army, under the terms of the armistice, held a brief victory parade in Paris on 17 February; the city was silent and draped with black and the Germans quickly withdrew. Bismarck honoured the armistice, by... |
What was the Prussian Army composed of, instead of regulars? | <text>What was the Prussian Army composed of, instead of regulars?</text><reasoning>The Prussian Army was composed not of regulars but conscripts. Service was compulsory for all of men of military age, and thus Prussia and its North and South German allies could mobilise and field some 1,000,000 soldiers in time of war... |
Service was mandatory for all men sharing which feature? | <text>Service was mandatory for all men sharing which feature?</text><reasoning>The Prussian Army was composed not of regulars but conscripts. Service was compulsory for all of men of military age, and thus Prussia and its North and South German allies could mobilise and field some 1,000,000 soldiers in time of war. Ge... |
Together, Prussia and Germany expected to amass how many soldiers? | <text>Together, Prussia and Germany expected to amass how many soldiers?</text><reasoning>The Prussian Army was composed not of regulars but conscripts. Service was compulsory for all of men of military age, and thus Prussia and its North and South German allies could mobilise and field some 1,000,000 soldiers in time ... |
What is an example of a German encirclement battle? | <text>What is an example of a German encirclement battle?</text><reasoning>The Prussian Army was composed not of regulars but conscripts. Service was compulsory for all of men of military age, and thus Prussia and its North and South German allies could mobilise and field some 1,000,000 soldiers in time of war. German ... |
German tactics relied on what type of battle strategy? | <text>German tactics relied on what type of battle strategy?</text><reasoning>The Prussian Army was composed not of regulars but conscripts. Service was compulsory for all of men of military age, and thus Prussia and its North and South German allies could mobilise and field some 1,000,000 soldiers in time of war. Germ... |
By late afternoon, what were the Prussian southern attacks at risk of? | <text>By late afternoon, what were the Prussian southern attacks at risk of?</text><reasoning>By 16:50, with the Prussian southern attacks in danger of breaking up, the Prussian 3rd Guards Infantry Brigade of the Second Army opened an attack against the French positions at St. Privat which were commanded by General Can... |
Which Prussian general commanded the attack against the French at St. Privat? | <text>Which Prussian general commanded the attack against the French at St. Privat?</text><reasoning>By 16:50, with the Prussian southern attacks in danger of breaking up, the Prussian 3rd Guards Infantry Brigade of the Second Army opened an attack against the French positions at St. Privat which were commanded by Gene... |
What factor immobilised the Prussian Guard? | <text>What factor immobilised the Prussian Guard?</text><reasoning>By 16:50, with the Prussian southern attacks in danger of breaking up, the Prussian 3rd Guards Infantry Brigade of the Second Army opened an attack against the French positions at St. Privat which were commanded by General Canrobert. At 17:15, the Pruss... |
By nightfall a major component of the VII and VII Corps withdrew towards what Prussian position? | <text>By nightfall a major component of the VII and VII Corps withdrew towards what Prussian position?</text><reasoning>By 16:50, with the Prussian southern attacks in danger of breaking up, the Prussian 3rd Guards Infantry Brigade of the Second Army opened an attack against the French positions at St. Privat which wer... |
Some historians counter that Napolean III sought what? | <text>Some historians counter that Napolean III sought what?</text><reasoning>Some historians argue that Napoleon III also sought war, particularly for the diplomatic defeat in 1866 in leveraging any benefits from the Austro-Prussian War, and he believed he would win a conflict with Prussia. They also argue that he wan... |
Napoleon III belived he would win the Astro-Prussian war and win a conflict with what country? | <text>Napoleon III belived he would win the Astro-Prussian war and win a conflict with what country?</text><reasoning>Some historians argue that Napoleon III also sought war, particularly for the diplomatic defeat in 1866 in leveraging any benefits from the Austro-Prussian War, and he believed he would win a conflict w... |
It is also argued that Napoleon III thought a war would resolve the growing issue of what? | <text>It is also argued that Napoleon III thought a war would resolve the growing issue of what?</text><reasoning>Some historians argue that Napoleon III also sought war, particularly for the diplomatic defeat in 1866 in leveraging any benefits from the Austro-Prussian War, and he believed he would win a conflict with ... |
Before the war, French voters overwhelming supported what program of Napoleon III? | <text>Before the war, French voters overwhelming supported what program of Napoleon III?</text><reasoning>Some historians argue that Napoleon III also sought war, particularly for the diplomatic defeat in 1866 in leveraging any benefits from the Austro-Prussian War, and he believed he would win a conflict with Prussia.... |
Who proposed that Emperor needed no war to increase his public appeal? | <text>Who proposed that Emperor needed no war to increase his public appeal?</text><reasoning>Some historians argue that Napoleon III also sought war, particularly for the diplomatic defeat in 1866 in leveraging any benefits from the Austro-Prussian War, and he believed he would win a conflict with Prussia. They also a... |
What did the Germans expect to negotiate? | <text>What did the Germans expect to negotiate?</text><reasoning>The Germans expected to negotiate an end to the war but immediately ordered an advance on Paris; by 15 September Moltke issued the orders for an investment of Paris and on 20 September the encirclement was complete. Bismarck met Favre on 18 September at t... |
On what date was the encirclement of Paris complete? | <text>On what date was the encirclement of Paris complete?</text><reasoning>The Germans expected to negotiate an end to the war but immediately ordered an advance on Paris; by 15 September Moltke issued the orders for an investment of Paris and on 20 September the encirclement was complete. Bismarck met Favre on 18 Sep... |
Bismarck and Favre met on what date? | <text>Bismarck and Favre met on what date?</text><reasoning>The Germans expected to negotiate an end to the war but immediately ordered an advance on Paris; by 15 September Moltke issued the orders for an investment of Paris and on 20 September the encirclement was complete. Bismarck met Favre on 18 September at the Ch... |
What was the location of Bismarck and Favre's meeting? | <text>What was the location of Bismarck and Favre's meeting?</text><reasoning>The Germans expected to negotiate an end to the war but immediately ordered an advance on Paris; by 15 September Moltke issued the orders for an investment of Paris and on 20 September the encirclement was complete. Bismarck met Favre on 18 S... |
Bismarck demanded the surrender of Strasbourg and what fortress city? | <text>Bismarck demanded the surrender of Strasbourg and what fortress city?</text><reasoning>The Germans expected to negotiate an end to the war but immediately ordered an advance on Paris; by 15 September Moltke issued the orders for an investment of Paris and on 20 September the encirclement was complete. Bismarck me... |
What Prussian system was superior to the French example? | <text>What Prussian system was superior to the French example?</text><reasoning>In addition, the Prussian military education system was superior to the French model; Prussian staff officers were trained to exhibit initiative and independent thinking. Indeed, this was Moltke's expectation. The French, meanwhile, suffere... |
Prussian military officers were trained to exude what type thinking? | <text>Prussian military officers were trained to exude what type thinking?</text><reasoning>In addition, the Prussian military education system was superior to the French model; Prussian staff officers were trained to exhibit initiative and independent thinking. Indeed, this was Moltke's expectation. The French, meanwh... |
What commander of the General Staff held the expectaion of independent thinking in his officers? | <text>What commander of the General Staff held the expectaion of independent thinking in his officers?</text><reasoning>In addition, the Prussian military education system was superior to the French model; Prussian staff officers were trained to exhibit initiative and independent thinking. Indeed, this was Moltke's exp... |
What did the French dearth of an education and promotion system stifle? | <text>What did the French dearth of an education and promotion system stifle?</text><reasoning>In addition, the Prussian military education system was superior to the French model; Prussian staff officers were trained to exhibit initiative and independent thinking. Indeed, this was Moltke's expectation. The French, mea... |
Which military historian criticized the French system as being defective? | <text>Which military historian criticized the French system as being defective?</text><reasoning>In addition, the Prussian military education system was superior to the French model; Prussian staff officers were trained to exhibit initiative and independent thinking. Indeed, this was Moltke's expectation. The French, m... |
What did Napoleon III plan to relieve pressure from an expected German attack? | <text>What did Napoleon III plan to relieve pressure from an expected German attack?</text><reasoning>To relieve pressure from the expected German attack into Alsace-Lorraine, Napoleon III and the French high command planned a seaborne invasion of northern Germany as soon as war began. The French expected the invasion ... |
What country were the French hoping to be allied with? | <text>What country were the French hoping to be allied with?</text><reasoning>To relieve pressure from the expected German attack into Alsace-Lorraine, Napoleon III and the French high command planned a seaborne invasion of northern Germany as soon as war began. The French expected the invasion to divert German troops ... |
What military strength could Denmark to France in a war? | <text>What military strength could Denmark to France in a war?</text><reasoning>To relieve pressure from the expected German attack into Alsace-Lorraine, Napoleon III and the French high command planned a seaborne invasion of northern Germany as soon as war began. The French expected the invasion to divert German troop... |
What had Prussia been discovered building around big north German ports? | <text>What had Prussia been discovered building around big north German ports?</text><reasoning>To relieve pressure from the expected German attack into Alsace-Lorraine, Napoleon III and the French high command planned a seaborne invasion of northern Germany as soon as war began. The French expected the invasion to div... |
What did the French navy lack in engaging coastal defenses? | <text>What did the French navy lack in engaging coastal defenses?</text><reasoning>To relieve pressure from the expected German attack into Alsace-Lorraine, Napoleon III and the French high command planned a seaborne invasion of northern Germany as soon as war began. The French expected the invasion to divert German tr... |
Which prince ordered an artillery attack against Canrobert? | <text>Which prince ordered an artillery attack against Canrobert?</text><reasoning>With the defeat of the First Army, Prince Frederick Charles ordered a massed artillery attack against Canrobert's position at St. Privat to prevent the Guards attack from failing too. At 19:00 the 3rd Division of Fransecky's II Corps of ... |
Which army's defeat compelled Prince Charles to attack? | <text>Which army's defeat compelled Prince Charles to attack?</text><reasoning>With the defeat of the First Army, Prince Frederick Charles ordered a massed artillery attack against Canrobert's position at St. Privat to prevent the Guards attack from failing too. At 19:00 the 3rd Division of Fransecky's II Corps of the ... |
As the Second Army pushed into Ravine, the XII Corps cleared out which adjacent town? | <text>As the Second Army pushed into Ravine, the XII Corps cleared out which adjacent town?</text><reasoning>With the defeat of the First Army, Prince Frederick Charles ordered a massed artillery attack against Canrobert's position at St. Privat to prevent the Guards attack from failing too. At 19:00 the 3rd Division o... |
The surving soldiers of the 1st Guards Infantry Division launched a new attack against what? | <text>The surving soldiers of the 1st Guards Infantry Division launched a new attack against what?</text><reasoning>With the defeat of the First Army, Prince Frederick Charles ordered a massed artillery attack against Canrobert's position at St. Privat to prevent the Guards attack from failing too. At 19:00 the 3rd Div... |
Which army was forced to retreat to Metz and surrender two months later? | <text>Which army was forced to retreat to Metz and surrender two months later?</text><reasoning>With the defeat of the First Army, Prince Frederick Charles ordered a massed artillery attack against Canrobert's position at St. Privat to prevent the Guards attack from failing too. At 19:00 the 3rd Division of Fransecky's... |
Whose surrender hit Paris as big news? | <text>Whose surrender hit Paris as big news?</text><reasoning>When the news arrived at Paris of the surrender at Sedan of Napoleon III and 80,000 men, the Second Empire was overthrown by a popular uprising in Paris, which forced the proclamation of a Provisional Government and a Third Republic by general Trochu, Favre ... |
Which empire was overthrown by a popular uprising in Paris? | <text>Which empire was overthrown by a popular uprising in Paris?</text><reasoning>When the news arrived at Paris of the surrender at Sedan of Napoleon III and 80,000 men, the Second Empire was overthrown by a popular uprising in Paris, which forced the proclamation of a Provisional Government and a Third Republic by g... |
The uprising forced a proclamation of what? | <text>The uprising forced a proclamation of what?</text><reasoning>When the news arrived at Paris of the surrender at Sedan of Napoleon III and 80,000 men, the Second Empire was overthrown by a popular uprising in Paris, which forced the proclamation of a Provisional Government and a Third Republic by general Trochu, F... |
How did the new government refer to itself? | <text>How did the new government refer to itself?</text><reasoning>When the news arrived at Paris of the surrender at Sedan of Napoleon III and 80,000 men, the Second Empire was overthrown by a popular uprising in Paris, which forced the proclamation of a Provisional Government and a Third Republic by general Trochu, F... |
Bismarck desired an early piece but lacked what in the negotiation process? | <text>Bismarck desired an early piece but lacked what in the negotiation process?</text><reasoning>When the news arrived at Paris of the surrender at Sedan of Napoleon III and 80,000 men, the Second Empire was overthrown by a popular uprising in Paris, which forced the proclamation of a Provisional Government and a Thi... |
A blockade of what coastline was ordered by the French government at the start of the war? | <text>A blockade of what coastline was ordered by the French government at the start of the war?</text><reasoning>When the war began, the French government ordered a blockade of the North German coasts, which the small North German navy (Norddeutsche Bundesmarine) with only five ironclads could do little to oppose. For... |
The small North German navy had how many ironclads at their disposal? | <text>The small North German navy had how many ironclads at their disposal?</text><reasoning>When the war began, the French government ordered a blockade of the North German coasts, which the small North German navy (Norddeutsche Bundesmarine) with only five ironclads could do little to oppose. For most of the war, the... |
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