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The Church of England uses what term that is held by two senior members of the College of Minor Canons of St. Pauls Catherdral? | <text>The Church of England uses what term that is held by two senior members of the College of Minor Canons of St. Pauls Catherdral?</text><reasoning>The term cardinal at one time applied to any priest permanently assigned or incardinated to a church, or specifically to the senior priest of an important church, based ... |
What Latin word does "cardinal" come from? | <text>What Latin word does "cardinal" come from?</text><reasoning>The term cardinal at one time applied to any priest permanently assigned or incardinated to a church, or specifically to the senior priest of an important church, based on the Latin cardo (hinge), meaning "principal" or "chief". The term was applied in t... |
Which church still holds on to the original meaning of "cardinal" from the above Latin word? | <text>Which church still holds on to the original meaning of "cardinal" from the above Latin word?</text><reasoning>The term cardinal at one time applied to any priest permanently assigned or incardinated to a church, or specifically to the senior priest of an important church, based on the Latin cardo (hinge), meaning... |
In 1059, who was responsible for electing the pope? | <text>In 1059, who was responsible for electing the pope?</text><reasoning>In 1059, the right of electing the pope was reserved to the principal clergy of Rome and the bishops of the seven suburbicarian sees. In the 12th century the practice of appointing ecclesiastics from outside Rome as cardinals began, with each of... |
What were the cardinals assigned? | <text>What were the cardinals assigned?</text><reasoning>In 1059, the right of electing the pope was reserved to the principal clergy of Rome and the bishops of the seven suburbicarian sees. In the 12th century the practice of appointing ecclesiastics from outside Rome as cardinals began, with each of them assigned a c... |
Where do the cardinals work? | <text>Where do the cardinals work?</text><reasoning>Each cardinal takes on a titular church, either a church in the city of Rome or one of the suburbicarian sees. The only exception is for patriarchs of Eastern Catholic Churches. Nevertheless, cardinals possess no power of governance nor are they to intervene in any wa... |
Who conducts training of the cadets? | <text>Who conducts training of the cadets?</text><reasoning>The Cadet Organizations Administration and Training Service (COATS) consists of officers and non-commissioned members who conduct training, safety, supervision and administration of nearly 60,000 cadets aged 12 to 18 years in the Canadian Cadet Movement. The m... |
What age are the cadets in the Canadian Cadet Movement? | <text>What age are the cadets in the Canadian Cadet Movement?</text><reasoning>The Cadet Organizations Administration and Training Service (COATS) consists of officers and non-commissioned members who conduct training, safety, supervision and administration of nearly 60,000 cadets aged 12 to 18 years in the Canadian Ca... |
What branch are the majority of COATS members? | <text>What branch are the majority of COATS members?</text><reasoning>The Cadet Organizations Administration and Training Service (COATS) consists of officers and non-commissioned members who conduct training, safety, supervision and administration of nearly 60,000 cadets aged 12 to 18 years in the Canadian Cadet Movem... |
Who is eligible to serve as a COATS trainer? | <text>Who is eligible to serve as a COATS trainer?</text><reasoning>The Cadet Organizations Administration and Training Service (COATS) consists of officers and non-commissioned members who conduct training, safety, supervision and administration of nearly 60,000 cadets aged 12 to 18 years in the Canadian Cadet Movemen... |
Who are among the most senior members of the Catholic Church? | <text>Who are among the most senior members of the Catholic Church?</text><reasoning>Cardinal bishops (cardinals of the episcopal order) are among the most senior prelates of the Catholic Church. Though in modern times most cardinals are also bishops, the term "cardinal bishop" only refers to the cardinals who are titu... |
What is a cardinal bishop? | <text>What is a cardinal bishop?</text><reasoning>Cardinal bishops (cardinals of the episcopal order) are among the most senior prelates of the Catholic Church. Though in modern times most cardinals are also bishops, the term "cardinal bishop" only refers to the cardinals who are titular bishops of one of the "suburbic... |
Some cardinals are bishop in name only, what are they called? | <text>Some cardinals are bishop in name only, what are they called?</text><reasoning>Cardinal bishops (cardinals of the episcopal order) are among the most senior prelates of the Catholic Church. Though in modern times most cardinals are also bishops, the term "cardinal bishop" only refers to the cardinals who are titu... |
Do any sees carry the right to the cardinalate? | <text>Do any sees carry the right to the cardinalate?</text><reasoning>While the incumbents of some sees are regularly made cardinals, and some countries are entitled to at least one cardinal by concordate (usually earning its primate the cardinal's hat), no see carries an actual right to the cardinalate, not even if i... |
Despite some traditions and rights, no see has the right to what? | <text>Despite some traditions and rights, no see has the right to what?</text><reasoning>While the incumbents of some sees are regularly made cardinals, and some countries are entitled to at least one cardinal by concordate (usually earning its primate the cardinal's hat), no see carries an actual right to the cardinal... |
Who heads the Royal Canadian Air Force? | <text>Who heads the Royal Canadian Air Force?</text><reasoning>The Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) is headed by the Commander of the Royal Canadian Air Force. The commander of 1 Canadian Air Division and Canadian NORAD Region, based in Winnipeg, is responsible for the operational command and control of Air Force activi... |
Where is the commander based out of? | <text>Where is the commander based out of?</text><reasoning>The Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) is headed by the Commander of the Royal Canadian Air Force. The commander of 1 Canadian Air Division and Canadian NORAD Region, based in Winnipeg, is responsible for the operational command and control of Air Force activitie... |
How many air force wings are located across Canada? | <text>How many air force wings are located across Canada?</text><reasoning>The Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) is headed by the Commander of the Royal Canadian Air Force. The commander of 1 Canadian Air Division and Canadian NORAD Region, based in Winnipeg, is responsible for the operational command and control of Air ... |
Who reports to the operational commander about the wings? | <text>Who reports to the operational commander about the wings?</text><reasoning>The Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) is headed by the Commander of the Royal Canadian Air Force. The commander of 1 Canadian Air Division and Canadian NORAD Region, based in Winnipeg, is responsible for the operational command and control o... |
The armed forces has approximately how many members? | <text>The armed forces has approximately how many members?</text><reasoning>The Armed Forces' 115,349 personnel are divided into a hierarchy of numerous ranks of officers and non-commissioned members. The governor general appoints, on the advice of the prime minister, the Chief of the Defence Staff (CDS) as the highest... |
Who is the highest ranking member of the Armed Forces? | <text>Who is the highest ranking member of the Armed Forces?</text><reasoning>The Armed Forces' 115,349 personnel are divided into a hierarchy of numerous ranks of officers and non-commissioned members. The governor general appoints, on the advice of the prime minister, the Chief of the Defence Staff (CDS) as the highe... |
Who appoints the Chief of the Defence? | <text>Who appoints the Chief of the Defence?</text><reasoning>The Armed Forces' 115,349 personnel are divided into a hierarchy of numerous ranks of officers and non-commissioned members. The governor general appoints, on the advice of the prime minister, the Chief of the Defence Staff (CDS) as the highest ranking commi... |
What location does the National Defense operate out of? | <text>What location does the National Defense operate out of?</text><reasoning>The Armed Forces' 115,349 personnel are divided into a hierarchy of numerous ranks of officers and non-commissioned members. The governor general appoints, on the advice of the prime minister, the Chief of the Defence Staff (CDS) as the high... |
What are some of the members of the Armed Forces Council? | <text>What are some of the members of the Armed Forces Council?</text><reasoning>The Armed Forces' 115,349 personnel are divided into a hierarchy of numerous ranks of officers and non-commissioned members. The governor general appoints, on the advice of the prime minister, the Chief of the Defence Staff (CDS) as the hi... |
How many suburbicarian sees? | <text>How many suburbicarian sees?</text><reasoning>There are seven suburbicarian sees: Ostia, Albano, Porto and Santa Rufina, Palestrina, Sabina and Mentana, Frascati and Velletri. Velletri was united with Ostia from 1150 until 1914, when Pope Pius X separated them again, but decreed that whatever cardinal bishop beca... |
When were the two sees combined? | <text>When were the two sees combined?</text><reasoning>There are seven suburbicarian sees: Ostia, Albano, Porto and Santa Rufina, Palestrina, Sabina and Mentana, Frascati and Velletri. Velletri was united with Ostia from 1150 until 1914, when Pope Pius X separated them again, but decreed that whatever cardinal bishop ... |
Who separated them? | <text>Who separated them?</text><reasoning>There are seven suburbicarian sees: Ostia, Albano, Porto and Santa Rufina, Palestrina, Sabina and Mentana, Frascati and Velletri. Velletri was united with Ostia from 1150 until 1914, when Pope Pius X separated them again, but decreed that whatever cardinal bishop became Dean o... |
What are the seven sees? | <text>What are the seven sees?</text><reasoning>There are seven suburbicarian sees: Ostia, Albano, Porto and Santa Rufina, Palestrina, Sabina and Mentana, Frascati and Velletri. Velletri was united with Ostia from 1150 until 1914, when Pope Pius X separated them again, but decreed that whatever cardinal bishop became D... |
How many different Iranian languages exist? | <text>How many different Iranian languages exist?</text><reasoning>As of 2008, there were an estimated 150–200 million native speakers of Iranian languages. Ethnologue estimates there are 86 Iranian languages, the largest amongst them being Persian, Pashto, Kurdish, and Balochi.</reasoning><output>86</output> |
What is suitable for CAF members to wear on any occasion? | <text>What is suitable for CAF members to wear on any occasion?</text><reasoning>Only service dress is suitable for CAF members to wear on any occasion, barring "dirty work" or combat. With gloves, swords, and medals (No. 1 or 1A), it is suitable for ceremonial occasions and "dressed down" (No. 3 or lower), it is suita... |
What other parts are there to a uniform? | <text>What other parts are there to a uniform?</text><reasoning>Only service dress is suitable for CAF members to wear on any occasion, barring "dirty work" or combat. With gloves, swords, and medals (No. 1 or 1A), it is suitable for ceremonial occasions and "dressed down" (No. 3 or lower), it is suitable for daily wea... |
What is now the daily uniform worn by members of the CAF? | <text>What is now the daily uniform worn by members of the CAF?</text><reasoning>Only service dress is suitable for CAF members to wear on any occasion, barring "dirty work" or combat. With gloves, swords, and medals (No. 1 or 1A), it is suitable for ceremonial occasions and "dressed down" (No. 3 or lower), it is suita... |
What can be worn in cold winter weather? | <text>What can be worn in cold winter weather?</text><reasoning>Only service dress is suitable for CAF members to wear on any occasion, barring "dirty work" or combat. With gloves, swords, and medals (No. 1 or 1A), it is suitable for ceremonial occasions and "dressed down" (No. 3 or lower), it is suitable for daily wea... |
What is only worn for very specific occasions? | <text>What is only worn for very specific occasions?</text><reasoning>Only service dress is suitable for CAF members to wear on any occasion, barring "dirty work" or combat. With gloves, swords, and medals (No. 1 or 1A), it is suitable for ceremonial occasions and "dressed down" (No. 3 or lower), it is suitable for dai... |
Which pope began using creati et reservati in pectore? | <text>Which pope began using creati et reservati in pectore?</text><reasoning>During the Western Schism, many cardinals were created by the contending popes. Beginning with the reign of Pope Martin V, cardinals were created without publishing their names until later, termed creati et reservati in pectore.</reasoning><o... |
What characteristic of Middle Iranian civilization is shown by the number of different languages and their speakers? | <text>What characteristic of Middle Iranian civilization is shown by the number of different languages and their speakers?</text><reasoning>The multitude of Middle Iranian languages and peoples indicate that great linguistic diversity must have existed among the ancient speakers of Iranian languages. Of that variety of... |
How many of the Middlie Iranian tongues have remained in existence since ancient time? | <text>How many of the Middlie Iranian tongues have remained in existence since ancient time?</text><reasoning>The multitude of Middle Iranian languages and peoples indicate that great linguistic diversity must have existed among the ancient speakers of Iranian languages. Of that variety of languages/dialects, direct ev... |
Which Cardinals still wear traditional clothing? | <text>Which Cardinals still wear traditional clothing?</text><reasoning>Eastern Catholic cardinals continue to wear the normal dress appropriate to their liturgical tradition, though some may line their cassocks with scarlet and wear scarlet fascias, or in some cases, wear Eastern-style cassocks entirely of scarlet.</r... |
In what roles did cardinals have important roles? | <text>In what roles did cardinals have important roles?</text><reasoning>In early modern times, cardinals often had important roles in secular affairs. In some cases, they took on powerful positions in government. In Henry VIII's England, his chief minister was Cardinal Wolsey. Cardinal Richelieu's power was so great t... |
What Caridinal had powers so great that he basically ran France? | <text>What Caridinal had powers so great that he basically ran France?</text><reasoning>In early modern times, cardinals often had important roles in secular affairs. In some cases, they took on powerful positions in government. In Henry VIII's England, his chief minister was Cardinal Wolsey. Cardinal Richelieu's power... |
Which cardinal acted a the leader of France due to his amount of power? | <text>Which cardinal acted a the leader of France due to his amount of power?</text><reasoning>In early modern times, cardinals often had important roles in secular affairs. In some cases, they took on powerful positions in government. In Henry VIII's England, his chief minister was Cardinal Wolsey. Cardinal Richelieu'... |
Who is the only person to ever become a cardinal king? | <text>Who is the only person to ever become a cardinal king?</text><reasoning>In early modern times, cardinals often had important roles in secular affairs. In some cases, they took on powerful positions in government. In Henry VIII's England, his chief minister was Cardinal Wolsey. Cardinal Richelieu's power was so gr... |
What term was given to certain church men of honor? | <text>What term was given to certain church men of honor?</text><reasoning>In cities other than Rome, the name cardinal began to be applied to certain church men as a mark of honour. The earliest example of this occurs in a letter sent by Pope Zacharias in 747 to Pippin III (the Short), ruler of the Franks, in which Za... |
When is the earliest date of using the term cardinal as honorable church men used? | <text>When is the earliest date of using the term cardinal as honorable church men used?</text><reasoning>In cities other than Rome, the name cardinal began to be applied to certain church men as a mark of honour. The earliest example of this occurs in a letter sent by Pope Zacharias in 747 to Pippin III (the Short), r... |
When was the title of cardinal reserved for the cardinals of Rome by Pius V? | <text>When was the title of cardinal reserved for the cardinals of Rome by Pius V?</text><reasoning>In cities other than Rome, the name cardinal began to be applied to certain church men as a mark of honour. The earliest example of this occurs in a letter sent by Pope Zacharias in 747 to Pippin III (the Short), ruler o... |
In regards to the word "cardinal" being used in cities other than Rome, who sent a letter to Pippin III? | <text>In regards to the word "cardinal" being used in cities other than Rome, who sent a letter to Pippin III?</text><reasoning>In cities other than Rome, the name cardinal began to be applied to certain church men as a mark of honour. The earliest example of this occurs in a letter sent by Pope Zacharias in 747 to Pip... |
In what year was the letter sent? | <text>In what year was the letter sent?</text><reasoning>In cities other than Rome, the name cardinal began to be applied to certain church men as a mark of honour. The earliest example of this occurs in a letter sent by Pope Zacharias in 747 to Pippin III (the Short), ruler of the Franks, in which Zacharias applied th... |
Which pope declared that cardinals would be from Rome? | <text>Which pope declared that cardinals would be from Rome?</text><reasoning>In cities other than Rome, the name cardinal began to be applied to certain church men as a mark of honour. The earliest example of this occurs in a letter sent by Pope Zacharias in 747 to Pippin III (the Short), ruler of the Franks, in which... |
In what year did the pope make the declaration? | <text>In what year did the pope make the declaration?</text><reasoning>In cities other than Rome, the name cardinal began to be applied to certain church men as a mark of honour. The earliest example of this occurs in a letter sent by Pope Zacharias in 747 to Pippin III (the Short), ruler of the Franks, in which Zachar... |
In 1939, how many Cardinals were Italian? | <text>In 1939, how many Cardinals were Italian?</text><reasoning>Cardinals elevated to the diaconal order are mainly officials of the Roman Curia holding various posts in the church administration. Their number and influence has varied through the years. While historically predominantly Italian the group has become muc... |
In 1994, how many Cardinals were Italian? | <text>In 1994, how many Cardinals were Italian?</text><reasoning>Cardinals elevated to the diaconal order are mainly officials of the Roman Curia holding various posts in the church administration. Their number and influence has varied through the years. While historically predominantly Italian the group has become muc... |
Cardinal bishops do not have any powers of governnace over the suburibicarian see since when? | <text>Cardinal bishops do not have any powers of governnace over the suburibicarian see since when?</text><reasoning>Since 1962, the cardinal bishops have only a titular relationship with the suburbicarian sees, with no powers of governance over them. Each see has its own bishop, with the exception of Ostia, in which t... |
Which see doesn't have its own bishop? | <text>Which see doesn't have its own bishop?</text><reasoning>Since 1962, the cardinal bishops have only a titular relationship with the suburbicarian sees, with no powers of governance over them. Each see has its own bishop, with the exception of Ostia, in which the Cardinal Vicar of the see of Rome is apostolic admin... |
Who is in charge of Ostia? | <text>Who is in charge of Ostia?</text><reasoning>Since 1962, the cardinal bishops have only a titular relationship with the suburbicarian sees, with no powers of governance over them. Each see has its own bishop, with the exception of Ostia, in which the Cardinal Vicar of the see of Rome is apostolic administrator.</r... |
In what year was it decided that cardinal bishops had no power over the seven sees? | <text>In what year was it decided that cardinal bishops had no power over the seven sees?</text><reasoning>Since 1962, the cardinal bishops have only a titular relationship with the suburbicarian sees, with no powers of governance over them. Each see has its own bishop, with the exception of Ostia, in which the Cardina... |
What see is the one exception to this rule? | <text>What see is the one exception to this rule?</text><reasoning>Since 1962, the cardinal bishops have only a titular relationship with the suburbicarian sees, with no powers of governance over them. Each see has its own bishop, with the exception of Ostia, in which the Cardinal Vicar of the see of Rome is apostolic ... |
Who has power over the exception? | <text>Who has power over the exception?</text><reasoning>Since 1962, the cardinal bishops have only a titular relationship with the suburbicarian sees, with no powers of governance over them. Each see has its own bishop, with the exception of Ostia, in which the Cardinal Vicar of the see of Rome is apostolic administra... |
In early times, who was generally electied to cardinal? | <text>In early times, who was generally electied to cardinal?</text><reasoning>In early times, the privilege of papal election was not reserved to the cardinals, and for centuries the person elected was customarily a Roman priest and never a bishop from elsewhere. To preserve apostolic succession the rite of consecrati... |
Why did the ceromony of consecrating a bishop have to be preformed by someone who was already a bishop? | <text>Why did the ceromony of consecrating a bishop have to be preformed by someone who was already a bishop?</text><reasoning>In early times, the privilege of papal election was not reserved to the cardinals, and for centuries the person elected was customarily a Roman priest and never a bishop from elsewhere. To pres... |
What is the rule if the peson elected is not a bishop? | <text>What is the rule if the peson elected is not a bishop?</text><reasoning>In early times, the privilege of papal election was not reserved to the cardinals, and for centuries the person elected was customarily a Roman priest and never a bishop from elsewhere. To preserve apostolic succession the rite of consecratin... |
What happens if a Pope is elected who is not a bishop? | <text>What happens if a Pope is elected who is not a bishop?</text><reasoning>In early times, the privilege of papal election was not reserved to the cardinals, and for centuries the person elected was customarily a Roman priest and never a bishop from elsewhere. To preserve apostolic succession the rite of consecratin... |
What equipment was acquired to aid in Afghanistan? | <text>What equipment was acquired to aid in Afghanistan?</text><reasoning>The 2006 renewal and re-equipment effort has resulted in the acquisition of specific equipment (main battle tanks, artillery, unmanned air vehicles and other systems) to support the mission in Afghanistan. It has also encompassed initiatives to r... |
What large transport plane is part of the CAF mission? | <text>What large transport plane is part of the CAF mission?</text><reasoning>The 2006 renewal and re-equipment effort has resulted in the acquisition of specific equipment (main battle tanks, artillery, unmanned air vehicles and other systems) to support the mission in Afghanistan. It has also encompassed initiatives ... |
What new type of helicopter was recently acquired? | <text>What new type of helicopter was recently acquired?</text><reasoning>The 2006 renewal and re-equipment effort has resulted in the acquisition of specific equipment (main battle tanks, artillery, unmanned air vehicles and other systems) to support the mission in Afghanistan. It has also encompassed initiatives to r... |
When was the renewal and re-equipment effort started? | <text>When was the renewal and re-equipment effort started?</text><reasoning>The 2006 renewal and re-equipment effort has resulted in the acquisition of specific equipment (main battle tanks, artillery, unmanned air vehicles and other systems) to support the mission in Afghanistan. It has also encompassed initiatives t... |
What way is used to announce the election of a new pope in Latin? | <text>What way is used to announce the election of a new pope in Latin?</text><reasoning>In Latin, on the other hand, the [First name] Cardinal [Surname] order is used in the proclamation of the election of a new pope by the cardinal protodeacon: "Annuntio vobis gaudium magnum; habemus Papam: Eminentissimum ac Reverend... |
What should the new pople have been before becoming a pope? | <text>What should the new pople have been before becoming a pope?</text><reasoning>In Latin, on the other hand, the [First name] Cardinal [Surname] order is used in the proclamation of the election of a new pope by the cardinal protodeacon: "Annuntio vobis gaudium magnum; habemus Papam: Eminentissimum ac Reverendissimu... |
When was the most recent election of a non-cardinal? | <text>When was the most recent election of a non-cardinal?</text><reasoning>In Latin, on the other hand, the [First name] Cardinal [Surname] order is used in the proclamation of the election of a new pope by the cardinal protodeacon: "Annuntio vobis gaudium magnum; habemus Papam: Eminentissimum ac Reverendissimum Domin... |
When is the last time a non cardinal was elected as pope? | <text>When is the last time a non cardinal was elected as pope?</text><reasoning>In Latin, on the other hand, the [First name] Cardinal [Surname] order is used in the proclamation of the election of a new pope by the cardinal protodeacon: "Annuntio vobis gaudium magnum; habemus Papam: Eminentissimum ac Reverendissimum ... |
What color is the hat? | <text>What color is the hat?</text><reasoning>When not celebrating Mass but still serving a liturgical function, such as the semiannual Urbi et Orbi papal blessing, some Papal Masses and some events at Ecumenical Councils, cardinal deacons can be recognized by the dalmatics they would don with the simple white mitre (s... |
What year was Canada united in a confederation? | <text>What year was Canada united in a confederation?</text><reasoning>Prior to Confederation in 1867, residents of the colonies in what is now Canada served as regular members of French and British forces and in local militia groups. The latter aided in the defence of their respective territories against attacks by ot... |
The forces of what countries did people serve before the unification? | <text>The forces of what countries did people serve before the unification?</text><reasoning>Prior to Confederation in 1867, residents of the colonies in what is now Canada served as regular members of French and British forces and in local militia groups. The latter aided in the defence of their respective territories... |
What is one of the threats that faced them? | <text>What is one of the threats that faced them?</text><reasoning>Prior to Confederation in 1867, residents of the colonies in what is now Canada served as regular members of French and British forces and in local militia groups. The latter aided in the defence of their respective territories against attacks by other ... |
What American war threatened Canada? | <text>What American war threatened Canada?</text><reasoning>Prior to Confederation in 1867, residents of the colonies in what is now Canada served as regular members of French and British forces and in local militia groups. The latter aided in the defence of their respective territories against attacks by other Europea... |
Early on, what did they defend against with the British? | <text>Early on, what did they defend against with the British?</text><reasoning>Prior to Confederation in 1867, residents of the colonies in what is now Canada served as regular members of French and British forces and in local militia groups. The latter aided in the defence of their respective territories against atta... |
The entire group of cardinals is known as what? | <text>The entire group of cardinals is known as what?</text><reasoning>A cardinal (Latin: sanctae romanae ecclesiae cardinalis, literally cardinal of the Holy Roman Church) is a senior ecclesiastical leader, an ecclesiastical prince, and usually (now always for those created when still within the voting age-range) an o... |
In what year did Pope Pius IV wrote abou tthe selecting of cardinals? | <text>In what year did Pope Pius IV wrote abou tthe selecting of cardinals?</text><reasoning>In the year 1563 the influential Ecumenical Council of Trent, headed by Pope Pius IV, wrote about the importance of selecting good Cardinals. According to this historic council "nothing is more necessary to the Church of God th... |
Who was in charge of the Ecumenical Council of Trent? | <text>Who was in charge of the Ecumenical Council of Trent?</text><reasoning>In the year 1563 the influential Ecumenical Council of Trent, headed by Pope Pius IV, wrote about the importance of selecting good Cardinals. According to this historic council "nothing is more necessary to the Church of God than that the holy... |
In what year did the Ecumenical Council of Trent write in regards to the selection of Cardinals? | <text>In what year did the Ecumenical Council of Trent write in regards to the selection of Cardinals?</text><reasoning>In the year 1563 the influential Ecumenical Council of Trent, headed by Pope Pius IV, wrote about the importance of selecting good Cardinals. According to this historic council "nothing is more necess... |
Who was the pope who headed the Ecumencial Council of Trent in that year? | <text>Who was the pope who headed the Ecumencial Council of Trent in that year?</text><reasoning>In the year 1563 the influential Ecumenical Council of Trent, headed by Pope Pius IV, wrote about the importance of selecting good Cardinals. According to this historic council "nothing is more necessary to the Church of Go... |
Who were the first people to be called cardinals in Rome? | <text>Who were the first people to be called cardinals in Rome?</text><reasoning>There is disagreement about the origin of the term, but general consensus that "cardinalis" from the word cardo (meaning 'pivot' or 'hinge') was first used in late antiquity to designate a bishop or priest who was incorporated into a churc... |
When were the Roman cardinals perceived as a privleged class among the Roman clergy? | <text>When were the Roman cardinals perceived as a privleged class among the Roman clergy?</text><reasoning>There is disagreement about the origin of the term, but general consensus that "cardinalis" from the word cardo (meaning 'pivot' or 'hinge') was first used in late antiquity to designate a bishop or priest who wa... |
What year did the ruling "only a cardinal was eligible to become pope" come in effect? | <text>What year did the ruling "only a cardinal was eligible to become pope" come in effect?</text><reasoning>There is disagreement about the origin of the term, but general consensus that "cardinalis" from the word cardo (meaning 'pivot' or 'hinge') was first used in late antiquity to designate a bishop or priest who ... |
Who gave cardinals the right to elect the pope under the Papal Bull In nomine Domini? | <text>Who gave cardinals the right to elect the pope under the Papal Bull In nomine Domini?</text><reasoning>There is disagreement about the origin of the term, but general consensus that "cardinalis" from the word cardo (meaning 'pivot' or 'hinge') was first used in late antiquity to designate a bishop or priest who w... |
What was it that gave cardinals the right to elect the pope? | <text>What was it that gave cardinals the right to elect the pope?</text><reasoning>There is disagreement about the origin of the term, but general consensus that "cardinalis" from the word cardo (meaning 'pivot' or 'hinge') was first used in late antiquity to designate a bishop or priest who was incorporated into a ch... |
In what year did the pope allow cardinals to wear the red hats? | <text>In what year did the pope allow cardinals to wear the red hats?</text><reasoning>There is disagreement about the origin of the term, but general consensus that "cardinalis" from the word cardo (meaning 'pivot' or 'hinge') was first used in late antiquity to designate a bishop or priest who was incorporated into a... |
Who was the pope who gave cardinals the right to wear the hats? | <text>Who was the pope who gave cardinals the right to wear the hats?</text><reasoning>There is disagreement about the origin of the term, but general consensus that "cardinalis" from the word cardo (meaning 'pivot' or 'hinge') was first used in late antiquity to designate a bishop or priest who was incorporated into a... |
Which cardinals are ranked lowest? | <text>Which cardinals are ranked lowest?</text><reasoning>The cardinal deacons are the lowest-ranking cardinals. Cardinals elevated to the diaconal order are either officials of the Roman Curia or priests elevated after their 80th birthday. Bishops with diocesan responsibilities, however, are created cardinal priests.<... |
How many cardinal deacons were there in 2005? | <text>How many cardinal deacons were there in 2005?</text><reasoning>As of 2005, there were over 50 churches recognized as cardinalatial deaconries, though there were only 30 cardinals of the order of deacons. Cardinal deacons have long enjoyed the right to "opt for the order of cardinal priests" (optazione) after they... |
How many years before a cardinal deacon can choose the order of the cardinal priests? | <text>How many years before a cardinal deacon can choose the order of the cardinal priests?</text><reasoning>As of 2005, there were over 50 churches recognized as cardinalatial deaconries, though there were only 30 cardinals of the order of deacons. Cardinal deacons have long enjoyed the right to "opt for the order of ... |
What are the two main divisions of Iranian tongues? | <text>What are the two main divisions of Iranian tongues?</text><reasoning>Conventionally, Iranian languages are grouped in "western" and "eastern" branches. These terms have little meaning with respect to Old Avestan as that stage of the language may predate the settling of the Iranian peoples into western and eastern... |
Which language is associated with the western branch of Iranian? | <text>Which language is associated with the western branch of Iranian?</text><reasoning>Conventionally, Iranian languages are grouped in "western" and "eastern" branches. These terms have little meaning with respect to Old Avestan as that stage of the language may predate the settling of the Iranian peoples into wester... |
Which language is associated with the eastern branch of Iranian? | <text>Which language is associated with the eastern branch of Iranian?</text><reasoning>Conventionally, Iranian languages are grouped in "western" and "eastern" branches. These terms have little meaning with respect to Old Avestan as that stage of the language may predate the settling of the Iranian peoples into wester... |
In the time between electing new popes, what is the duty of the cardinal? | <text>In the time between electing new popes, what is the duty of the cardinal?</text><reasoning>The Cardinal Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church, assisted by the Vice-Camerlengo and the other prelates of the office known as the Apostolic Camera, has functions that in essence are limited to a period of sede vacante of ... |
Pope Sixtus V limited the number of cardinals to? | <text>Pope Sixtus V limited the number of cardinals to?</text><reasoning>Pope Sixtus V limited the number of cardinals to 70, comprising six cardinal bishops, 50 cardinal priests, and 14 cardinal deacons. Starting in the pontificate of Pope John XXIII, that limit has been exceeded. At the start of 1971, Pope Paul VI se... |
What did the composition of the cardinals consist of? | <text>What did the composition of the cardinals consist of?</text><reasoning>Pope Sixtus V limited the number of cardinals to 70, comprising six cardinal bishops, 50 cardinal priests, and 14 cardinal deacons. Starting in the pontificate of Pope John XXIII, that limit has been exceeded. At the start of 1971, Pope Paul V... |
During who's term did the ruling exceed? | <text>During who's term did the ruling exceed?</text><reasoning>Pope Sixtus V limited the number of cardinals to 70, comprising six cardinal bishops, 50 cardinal priests, and 14 cardinal deacons. Starting in the pontificate of Pope John XXIII, that limit has been exceeded. At the start of 1971, Pope Paul VI set the num... |
Pope Paul VI increse the number of cardinal electors to? | <text>Pope Paul VI increse the number of cardinal electors to?</text><reasoning>Pope Sixtus V limited the number of cardinals to 70, comprising six cardinal bishops, 50 cardinal priests, and 14 cardinal deacons. Starting in the pontificate of Pope John XXIII, that limit has been exceeded. At the start of 1971, Pope Pau... |
What is the maximum age for electors? | <text>What is the maximum age for electors?</text><reasoning>Pope Sixtus V limited the number of cardinals to 70, comprising six cardinal bishops, 50 cardinal priests, and 14 cardinal deacons. Starting in the pontificate of Pope John XXIII, that limit has been exceeded. At the start of 1971, Pope Paul VI set the number... |
Pope Paul VI raised the cap on cardinal electors from 70 to what? | <text>Pope Paul VI raised the cap on cardinal electors from 70 to what?</text><reasoning>Pope Sixtus V limited the number of cardinals to 70, comprising six cardinal bishops, 50 cardinal priests, and 14 cardinal deacons. Starting in the pontificate of Pope John XXIII, that limit has been exceeded. At the start of 1971,... |
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