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H: Three stage amplifier with third transistor connected to emitter of second
My question is that for voltage gain, is it correct if I take voltage gain of each transistor and then multiplying, to get gain of whole circuit?
AI: The used expressions for the 2nd stage is wrong. The gain must be positive and below unit... |
H: UCC25800 PSpice model
I downloaded the PSpice model of the UCC25800 from here. I then tried to create a model for LTspice by opening the .lib file within the folder and then creating a symbol in LTspice.
But, when I opened the .lib file in LTspice, it seemed to be corrupt; there are random numbers in the file. It d... |
H: Are there mux/demux chips that will enable N-signals to be connected in arbitrary configurations?
Would like to be able to configure a small number of signals, in this case 3 signals, A, B, and C, for testing, with arbitrary connections.
Not looking for a CPLD or FPGA, would prefer an IC.
Use case is to be able to ... |
H: Electronically activated circuit breaker
I want to be able to disconnect the load from a circuit, which may be of variable amperage, possibly up in the hundreds.
I guess what a normal person would do is probably use a contactor of some sort. But then there will be constant consumption in the case of NO, and it will... |
H: Calculating a gain of a PWM Modulator with triangle carrier
I'd like to ask for help with calculating a gain of a PWM modulator using a triangle wave.
I know how to calculate a gain in case with a sawtooth carrier with turning-on at the start of cycle.
and
The DC gain equals:
and the AC gain is the same:
... |
H: TC4420 MOSFET Driver Output Latching Behavior
The TC4420 push-pull MOSFET driver seems to latch its output on if the low input signal isn’t pulled to ground. The signal I am using for the input is purely an on-off signal where the off part of the signal isn’t pulled to ground.
Is there a way I could force the drive... |
H: Finding the reflection coefficient for a wave incident from the left into the first transmission line?
I am having a hard time dealing with lumped impedance in problems related to traveling waves.
How can I handle problems where both characteristic impedance and lumped impedance are present, as in the example below... |
H: What is this 2-pin motherboard component and is it broken?
I own a ASUS FX505DT Notebook and the fans stopped spinning so I wanted to check the voltage with a multimeter. I accidentally slipped of one of the terminals and released some "magic smoke" next to the M.2 Slot. I shorted 5v and GND. I am not 100% sure of ... |
H: µA723 output Zener diode: why is it as high as 6.2 V?
The µA723 voltage regulator has a 6.2 V Zener diode on its output. I am trying to understand why the Zener voltage is as high as 6.2 V. (LM723 or LM723C are more or less equivalent parts, raising the same question.)
Here is the block diagram from the µA723 dat... |
H: Audio Power Amplifier Layout clarifications
I am using LM4670SD/NOPB in my design. The IC is working at 5 V supply.
This IC requires an 8 Ω speaker.
My first question is,
In that case do the lines Vo1 and Vo2 needs a differential impedance of 8 Ω (each line 4 Ω Single ended).
May I know my assumption is correct o... |
H: Using two supply rails (on supply and output pins) with 74HC595
I have a 74HC595 connected to an STM32 to drive a bunch of LEDs using fewer GPIO pins.
I want to reduce the current flowing through the 3.3V regulator IC which supplies the controller, and want the LEDs to be on the 5V power rail.
Can connecting 5V su... |
H: Isolated flybacks in series to generate high-voltage
I'm considering placing isolated flyback converters secondaries in series such as the image below. I want to drive the transformers individually using synced clocks (such each transformer has its own IC driver and opto-feedback) such that across each transformer ... |
H: Connecting another Arduino to RX pin, bypasses first Arduino.,
I've got two Arduinos. One connected via USB to a PC, then another with its RX connected to the RX of the first Arduino. Both have a common ground through through the USB and another wire connecting the two grounds together.
Basically I want to send ser... |
H: Understanding max output voltage of a solar cell data sheet
For the following solar cell datasheet values, what would be the max output voltage of the solar cell?
Would it be the open circuit voltage typical or the max operating one? What exactly is the open circuit voltage?
Referenced from AM-8701 Datasheet(PDF) -... |
H: How to truncate an expression bit width in Verilog in 2023?
I have the same question as here:
How to truncate an expression bit width in Verilog?
But I was hoping that in 2023, there would be more interesting answers that in 2013!
My specific use-case:
localparam logic [31:0] BAR0_OFFSET_MASK = {32{1'b1}} << (10);
... |
H: Switch to handle two inputs and switch between two sets of two outputs (guitar amp send and return switch)
I am looking to build a simple box, for fun, to switch the send and return signals from a guitar amplifier effects loop between two different amplifiers, depending on which amp I am using at the time.
The box ... |
H: Cannot isolate Raspberry Pi from the other circuit using optocoupler. Why not?
I'm sending data (Tx1-D) and command (Tx2-C) communication from Raspberry Pi 3 at baud rate 115200. I tried to isolate the RPi from the other circuits by using optocoupler as in the diagram but it doesn't work. I tried different values ... |
H: FTDI FT234XD not recognized
I designed a PCB that incorporates FT234XD (Datasheet) USB-UART converter but no matter what I tried, I couldn't get it working. Host computers does not even react let alone give an error so it's probably not a driver issue. The IC is connected to STM32F030 MCU.
What I tried so far, remo... |
H: What happens if an MCU boosts its own supply voltage while running?
I'm designing a low-power, battery-powered sensor node using an ATtiny1626 microcontroller (1.8V~5.5V supply with low clock speed), powered directly from 2x AAA batteries (various chemistry, let's say 2V up to 3V over usable life).
For providing su... |
H: Unity Gain Buffer Output Impedance
First time here. I'm not an engineer so please pardon my lack of technical expertise. Thanks in advance for your help!
Here's is the circuit in question:
I've been told that R5 (10K) sets the output impedance of the buffer. However, there are two other resistors connected to g... |
H: Circuit that outputs signal A when AC sine is positive and signal B when AC sine is negative
I need help designing a circuit that outputs Signal A high when AC sine wave is positive and Signal B high when the sine wave is negative. It's part of a larger project that cycles power in a transformer.
I have the below c... |
H: MAX7221 with multiple LEDs per point
I am using a MAX7219/MAX7221 chip in a keyboard design in order to light up the individual keys. The keyboard is going to have exactly 64 keys so with the 8x8 matrix the chip handles I will be able to put one led under every key.
However, I think the space bar is too wide to be ... |
H: How to write the equation for the input side of a JFET?
I have been reading about the voltage gain of JFET, but I am unable to understand how to write the equation for the input side. Can somebody explain the method to write the equation for the input side?
The text has provided \$V_i=V_{gs}+V_{Rs}\$ but I do not... |
H: BJT Amplifier simulated gain is only around 80% of calculated gain. Why is this and how to improve calculation vs simulation accuracy?
I'm trying to design a CE BJT amplifier in Multisim with 100mVp 1kHz input, and target gain of around -208.8. Starting from my choice of Vcc = 50V and Ic(DC) = 15mA, here is the des... |
H: What is the direct coupling problem which differential amplifiers help avert?
The discussion below comes from Chapter 3.5 of Analysis and Design of Analog Integrated Circuits by Gray, Hurst, Meyer, and Lewis.
In particular, I do not follow what is meant when they write
This property allows direct coupling of casc... |
H: I2C BME688 Read Request Sent, but no data received
As the title suggests, im interfacing with the BME688 using I2C. The signal I captured using my logic analyzer is shown below. The slave address is 0x76 and register address im trying to read is 0xD0. The slave should return 0x61 but no data is returned by the slav... |
H: Multisim simulation insight
I want to simulate an AC circuit in multisim. I would like hints or articles on how to simulate complex-valued impedance, for example this circuit:
I don't have an option in multisim 12.0 , to have a complex-value for the inductance or capacitor, how can i do that?
also for the analysis... |
H: How do I split and isolate a digital signal?
I am working on a circuit that needs to observe when VAC is at zero cross. I have a photostransistor whose anode and cathode are connected to VAC line and neutral. I've connected 3.3VDC to the collector side of the transistor. My logic chip watches the emitter side of th... |
H: Analogue Read in ESP8266 WEMOS D1 MINI is fluctuating
I am trying to read the current consumption of a light bulb (160 W) using a current transformer (5A/5mA) connected to the ESP8266 WEMOS D1 MINI analog pin.
I have put a 240 ohms burden resistor in parallel with the pins of the current transformer. I used this fo... |
H: High pass filter after TIA is not behaving as expected in LTspice
I have the following schematics to amplify a current signal modulated at 10 kHz. The first stage is a transimpedance amplifier with a -3dB bandwidth of 72 kHz. The second stage is a high pass filter with a -3dB bandwidth of 0.13 Hz. The purpose of th... |
H: Is it good to equalize input impedances in cascade active opamp filters?
In my design, I designed a first 2nd order high pass filter with a Sallen key cut-off frequency of 0.2Hz and an input impedance of 250kohm. Then, I designed a second-order Multiple-Feedback low pass filter with a cut-off frequency of 100 khz a... |
H: From the perspective of a progressive wave, what is lumped impedance?
This question asks about the meaning of lumped impedance in traveling wave theory.
Should lumped impedance be viewed as something like a point charge, a point mass, or a direct delta function?
When a traveling wave enters the interface between Z... |
H: Why is core resistance modeled to be parallel to the primary winding of ideal part of a real transformer?
When a real transformer is modeled to a simpler circuit, it is shown that the core resistance or a resistance model which basically describes eddy current and hysteresis loss is in parallel with the ideal prima... |
H: Why does MD13S JST have an NC pin?
This is about the 4-pin JST connector that links the driver to a microcontroller. It seems that the only important pins are GND, PWM (speed), and DIR (direction). Clearly, when Cytron has designed the driver from the ground up, why would they add an NC (which I assume is "no conne... |
H: SDA has to wait around one second to go high when reading hex is 0xF8
When I was trying to read 0xF8 from slave, the SDA is still low.
b"0111_0000", -- 38 slave address (write)
b"0000_0000", -- 00 register address
b"1000_1111", -- 8F data
b"0111_0000", -- 38 slave address (write)
b"1010_0100", -- A4 register addres... |
H: Acceptable PCB practice for pad routing and vias
Two questions on beginner PCB design:
For integrated chips on PCB design, can you draw routes from the side of the contact pad, or is it standard practice to go head-on straight to the pad entry?
For large capacitors that have an output to GND, on a board that has... |
H: Exploding/superhot capacitor in XT AC-DC PSU
I have a commercial replacement PSU that I am using for a vintage XT class computer which has 4 DC lines (5v, 12v, -12v and -5v). On fitting the PSU however, the PC operated but after a while under load one of the capacitors E7 within the 5V DC section got very hot and v... |
H: LTSpice (Berkeley Spice) Files. WHERE?
I am working on importing spice files into Fusion 360 Electrical. It accepts original spice files. Is this something common, where can I find it, etc. I am used to finding the footprint, symbol, 3d model through samacsys ECAD libraries. Is it contained in that folder menu for ... |
H: Why does compiler optimization flag cause function definitions other than main() to break program in AVR ATMega C code?
I am using avr-gcc and avrdude to write programs onto an ATMega8515 micro-controller. I have got the blinking LED program working without a hitch. However, when I started to use interrupts and int... |
H: Drawing a Visual Hardware Representation for VHDL Code
The following code is given. My task involves drawing a visual hardware representation that outlines the modules, their associated ports, and the interconnecting signals. Check out my solution below. Am I on the right track?
flipflop.vhdl:
library ieee;
use iee... |
H: How to create a PWM source with fixed frequency and decreasing duty cycle (at some interval) in LTspice?
I'm trying to simulate a PWM signal whose duty cycle decreases by a fixed amount over a given interval from 100% to 0. For example, if the PWM frequency is 2 MHz, I want to ramp down the on-time from 100% to 0 ... |
H: What is the meaning of "e" in this timing diagram?
https://hdlbits.01xz.net/wiki/Edgecapture
What is the meaning of "e" in this timing diagram?
AI: e is a numeric value displayed in hexadecimal format. It is the same as 14 in decimal. It means that bits in[3:1] are set to 1, and the other 29 bits of in are 0.
It... |
H: How can you protect exposed ground pins from ESD?
If I have a DC powered PCB that is floating (not tied to earth ground), and a human touches the ground plane causing an ESD event to occur, what can be done in terms of design to prevent damage to the ground pins of IC's and other sensitive components?
As an example... |
H: Peak current limit and valley current limit of inverting buck-boost converter
I am trying to understand, in a inverting buck-boost converter, why the peak current in the inductor should be smaller than the high-side current limit and valley current in the inductor should be smaller than the low-side current limit.
... |
H: Diode and bipolar NPN transistors orientation not correct, says JLCPCB
JLCPCB is telling me 4 components are incorrect but when I look over it and the datasheet it all seems correct to me.
My original | JLCPCB corrected:
This is what my current board looks like:
My schematic:
To me that looks correct.
1N4148WS ... |
H: Electromagnet design and powering it up? (Fault prevention of DC supply for a small coiled Electromagnet)
I want to create an array of multiple electromagnet which I will be controlling using a microcontroller.
I will have around 100 such magnets lined in a squared grid 10x10. Only three or five at a time will be t... |
H: The condition of linear operation of the transistor Dipole in small signal mode
How small should the base-emitter voltage changes of the transistor be so that the relationship between the base-emitter voltage changes and the collector current changes can be considered linear?
AI: For a BJT, the voltage scale is the... |
H: Repurpose adjustable standing desk linear actuator for a project on my truck
Disclaimer: fairly limited experience with electrical engineering.
I'm currently making a deck for my snowmobile that will sit in my truck bed -
a 'Sled deck'. Nice sled decks have telescopic sides so the sides expand to facilitate two sno... |
H: Sampling gain effect in buck converter
I recently learned that there is a phenomena called sampling gain effect in dc-dc converter and I am struggling to understand what this phenomena really is. Could someone enlighten me?
And I have seen a document where they are saying that using average current mode control (wi... |
H: Capacitance equation understanding
Does anyone know where the bottom equation is derived from?
Why is it 8V/9V?
Source: Mouser - Everything for Capacitive Power Supplies by TDK
AI: Those are the minimum and maximum output voltages, given 1 Vp-p of permissible ripple.
The capacitor discharges exponentially, followi... |
H: Using VOUT to Power Up a DC-DC Switching Regulator
I am trying to use LM5117 to convert 36V (VIN) to 32V (VOUT) for constant current constant voltage application. It seems the datasheet is saying if the VIN > 14.5V I can use VOUT with a Zener diode (see the attached picture) to power up the DC-DC chip as well. How... |
H: How do I select and use a BJT in a simple LED circuit?
I am trying to understand how to use a transistor in a simple LED circuit.
The LED (blue) has a forward voltage of 3V, and I'd like to provide it with 19-20mA. VCC on the circuit is 3.3V. I was thinking I could connect VCC to the collector terminal, and the cat... |
H: LM393’s LOW shows high Ohm to GND
In LM393 datasheet it’s connected to GND on LOW, and disconnected of everything on HIGH.
But on my tester I see on LOW:
100 Ohm when no load’s GND connected to Out pin. (No load at all).
850 Ohm when 12V led’d GND lead connected to LM393 out pin.
When I connect the GND of my (compa... |
H: Transistor works with just base connected
Currently I am trying to self learn electronics. After the diode I moved to the transistor.
I understood the transistor as an “electronic” switch with no moving parts. When the base is connected, then the current can flow from the collector to the emitter. Otherwise it cann... |
H: Why can't I divide the total number of bytes of a .BMP file by the color depth?
I have a .BMP file resize.bmp.
The total number of bytes that encode pixels in this file is 320 bytes.
The color depth in this file is 3 bytes.
0x176 total number of bytes including Header
0x140 Total number of bytes without Header
AI... |
H: When using USB CDC to interface a USB2CAN controller, do I have to set the serial baudrate explicitly and if so, what rate?
I connect a USB to CAN controller via CDC as a virtual port to my computer and interface it via slcan from the can-utils package. So far so good.
What I would like to understand is, why the el... |
H: HIP4081 Full Bridge FET driver peak pull up/down current
The datasheet for the HIP4081A bridge driver references a limit of 2.5 A "pull up"/"down" current.
I thought the maximum load current in a bridge is limited by the FETs themselves, and not the driver.
What am I misunderstanding?
The reason I ask, is that I ne... |
H: Could you use millions of small watch batteries in parallel to start a car?
This is an xkcd style question I grant
Assume you didn't care if the batteries exploded, that this is clearly not practical or sensible etc
But theoretically, it's the end of the world, you have access to unlimited numbers of watch batterie... |
H: Eliminating a weird pulse when switching a valve actuator using a low-side MOSFET
The circuit is connected as drawn below:
MOSFET IC = MAX14919A
Valve actuator = MHE2-MS1H-3/2G-M7-K
Schottky Diode = SS16HL-TP
The pulse happens when the low-side MOSFET opens (disconnecting the valve actuator from ground) before slo... |
H: Derive values from a graph
I want to get accurate values from this graph when the input voltage (mV) is 0mV what should the output voltage(V) be? I can guess by saying it's 2.55V but I need accurate values to make my circuit more accurate.
I plotted the graph on Excel but it was no good. I had never done anything ... |
H: Closed-loop differential-input JFET amplifier
I am unsure how a differential-input JFET amplifier in a closed-loop can be built. A very simple amplifier with differential inputs and differential outputs can look like this:
As far as I understand, the disadvantage is a gain that depends on the transconductance of t... |
H: Is negative voltage going to cause trouble?
I'm trying to design a circuit that will allow me to set and reset an SR-latch with a single input.
My idea is that when the input is driven high, the latch immediately resets, and if it persists for longer than t milliseconds then it is set.
So when I want to reset I sup... |
H: What sort of transistor is this?
I come back to ask for the help of the community in order to identify a device which was given to me several years ago by an electronics component dealer. This time I know something more, precisely
it seems a PNP transistor since it appears as a two junction device with a common t... |
H: ESD protection: connect wrist strap to ESD mat or directly to grounding point
For our workshop, I'm thinking about buying a big ESD mat to cover the whole workbench (5.5 m), so it won't be a "ready to use" one, but a roll to cut to the right dimensions, and to which I need to add the connector(s) to ground.
Now the... |
H: Relationship Between Current and Power in a Refrigerator
I have a refrigerator with the following characteristics:
Condensing Unit Size 1/2 H.P.
Voltage (International) 115/60/1
Total Amps (International) 7.7
Defrost Amps (International) 4.4
What generates doubt for me is that: The power is 1/2 HP, which is equal t... |
H: Grounding in power electronics
I'm designing a three-phase inverter and have been looking up information online with respect to grounding, which led me to a somewhat misapprehension.
In my system I firstly planned on separating the ground of microcontrollers (PWM, digital signals etc..) and sensors (analog signals ... |
H: Sizing an CMOS StrongArm Latch comparator on Virtuoso from scratch
I'm currently designing an CMOS comparator and I'm a little bit lost regarding sizing the transistors. I was taught to use the Id formula, but for that to work I need to have muCox, and I do not. Can't calculate muCox either because I don't have W/L... |
H: Verilog: only run an edge triggered always loop once per edge change
I'm currently working on a simple up counter triggered by the negative edge of a push button. If the button is held while pressed down, the counter gets stuck in the always block and increments by more than 1. Is there any way to only execute the ... |
H: Optocoupler as a switch for composite video sources
I want to switch between 2 video sources (cameras) to a common video receiver. Is general purpose optocoupler suitable for that?
Here is the schematics:
In more details, the video switch is controlled by a 3.3v MCU. It will select input video source before turnin... |
H: High voltage at the Schottky's anode terminal (Hobby Li-Po charger circuit)
I'm pretty new at hardware side of things and trying to teach myself circuit and PCB design just as a hobby, so. bear with me if I'm annoyingly noob for you.
As a relatively simple first task, I decided to design a USB powered Li-Po chargin... |
H: How to format data properly before using CDC_Transmit_FS?
I am using STM32CubeIDE to program 12 bit ADC(P/N = ADC128s102) which has 8 bit of control register and return 12 bit in MISO. Following is scope result. I am able to return some data which I think it is correct.. however, when I try to send these data to th... |
H: Finding the ideal parameters for a homemade electromagnet
I am making an electromagnet and I was watching some videos on designing one. I just have some misunderstanding about power calculations of electromagnets and I have some questions about it.
Q1)
1.1) In terms of power ratings some pre-made electromagnets for... |
H: SATA to USB conversion: is it complex?
Recently I purchased a SATA to USB adapter. To be able to access 2.5-inch (laptop) and 3.5-inch (desktop) hard drives.
To my surprise, there is a board to do the conversion.
Question
Why there should be a board to do the conversion? Why the conversion process is so complex ... |
H: How to select a handshake and code examples in verilog
I'm new to Verilog, and I was taking a look into the ready-valid handshake. I saw that this is the most used handshake, as it is simple to understand. However, I couldn't find the disadvantages of this handshake. So my first question is:
Are there any cases wh... |
H: How do you turn on an LED when the input voltage is less than 12V?
I am designing a device that will check whether a fuse box motherboard is outputting 12V or not. I first considered diodes as they each have a 2V drop so I had 6 in series and functioned well but having 6 LEDs is not efficient. I then considered a n... |
H: Fixed-increment adjustment of constant-current source
I am using the LM317 as a constant-current source according to Figure 22 on the ON-Semi datasheet here.
I would like to control the current in fixed increments rather than the continuous provided by a pot, however I am unsure how to go about it.
For fixed-incre... |
H: Current Consumption of multiplexed 7 segment
I have a display with an one digit 7 segment , I want to use a multiplexed seven-segment and my regulator can just support 150ma of current .
Now my question is that.
Is the current that the regulator must supply the same for both modes? Does it mean that whether it prov... |
H: What do these 2 NOR gates do in this wind turbine charge controller?
I have the schematic for a wind turbine charge controller from here.
What is the purpose of the two interconnected NOR gates in the middle of the schematic?
AI: S-R Latch
The two NOR gates form an S-R ("Set"-"Reset") latch.
(Symbol from linked s... |
H: SRIX4K Emulator - ASK transceiver
I'm trying to build a simple SRIX4K emulator using an ATMEGA328p, I found this circuit on the internet, and it should work as a simple ASK transceiver, using the MCU to transfer data using the SRIX4K protocol:
I tried to both simulating (using this website: https://www.falstad.com... |
H: Is my PFET Orientation Correct for Reverse Voltage Protection?
Do I have the P MOSFET orientation in the attached circuit correct?
AI: Is my PFET Orientation Correct for Reverse Voltage Protection?
No it has drain and source connected incorrectly.
The easiest way to remember is that the MOSFET's bulk diode would n... |
H: How can prevent the source voltage from dropping when using a 555 timer
I am trying to use a 555 timer in my circuit to produce a signal (rather generally) above 100kHz. I have been successful with this goal, but have had an issue where the voltage measured on my positive and GND rails drops significantly whenever ... |
H: Arduino's impedance in breadboard circuit
(Warning, as this is a long question, asked by students that don't know what they're doing. Perhaps our questions are too general and can't be answered but at this point we'll take all the help we can get)
As a project in first year engineering, we have to send a laser to b... |
H: What is a solution to handle multiple same capacity lipo cells in parallel?
It seems that BMS's are for batteries in series...
If I have 3 x 1200mAh lipo cells to get pretty much a large 3600mAh 1S pack...
I believe I know that I can't just parallel wire single-cell BMS's together...
So I'm not sure, I was looking ... |
H: Replace One Centre-Tapped Resistor with Two Resistors
I have just started research and design on a small tube guitar amp and have hit the first of what is probably many uncertainties. The idea is to reuse the transformers, 7C5 power tube and 7Y4 rectification tube from an old 1950s Philco 1224 Gramophone Radio. For... |
H: Practical example of controlled voltage and current sources
In text books some controlled or dependent voltage and current sources are shown. What are they really? Can someone explain them with real examples?
AI: Short answer
The difference between the ordinary constant sources and dependent sources is that the for... |
H: MOSFET ring oscillator LT SPICE
I am designing a ring oscillator using MOSFETS to create the inverters however, I am encountering problems with the output. Please check my understanding. Here is what I understand: the oscillating frequency should be:
$$F_{osc} = \frac{1}{2NT_{p}}$$
This is the most general case. To... |
H: AC and DC inputs to a Power Supply
I am studying about power supplies and I need some help with the following. I have a power supply with a 12 V DC output to power the lower power controller electronics. This power supply has two inputs as seen in the figure below. What components do I need to put in the box to mak... |
H: Circuit analysis of a halfwave rectifier
I want to verify whether my calculations are correct. Additionally, there are two questions related to this circuit: 'What is the purpose of R1 and R2 in the given circuit?' and 'What is the intended application of this circuit?' I am unable to think of any specific reasons ... |
H: AM-Receiver circuit, problems with saturation?
I have a question about this specific circuit. I marked the potential-point I have "problems" with. I think there will be saturation in this point at some time. This point doesn't look to be able to discharge, because the diode is blocking, so how will you pass a signa... |
H: Multimeter Range and Resolution
I'm confused as to how my multimeter takes readings, especially since its not an auto-range multimeter. I have to switch to the desired range to carry out measurements. Unfortunately, the resolution part is what confuses me. How do I know my exact reading?
AI: Your meter uses a DVM,... |
H: I need help understanding the envelope detector part
I started reading "Build Your Own Transistor Radios" by Ronald Quan and I don't get how the envelope detector works in his TRF radio.
I know that a "classic" envelope detector looks like this:
But in the first example the D3, C7 and R7 looks like they have been... |
H: Tiny Switch TNY289 current limit and di/dt question
I want to ask about how the Integrated circuit decides the proper (di/dt) for next cycle , the voltage across an inductor/transformer is L*(di/dt) the Integrated circuit TNY289 as I understand
it ramps up current so that (di/dt) is constant and consequently the v... |
H: Why do these MCU voltage dividers have +, -, and S on the output?
I'm looking at voltage divider modules like these to eventually measure a DC battery voltage with the range of ~10-15V:
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07L81QJ75/
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B01HTC4XKY
I see the input side has VCC and GND for the voltage so... |
H: Why would a low-pass filter be connected to +5V on an RS422 differential line?
I am interested in a datasheet's schematic for my own PCB design of a similar system.
In my system, I am receiving an RS-422 differential line, and would simply be tempted to put a 100 Ohm terminating resistor between the differential da... |
H: RS485 Wiring and Enables
I have an sensor with an RS485 interface that has a pinout with labels V, GND, A and B. In my system context, there will just be this one sensor and an ESP32 microcontroller running on 3.3V to communicate with it. Nothing else on the RS485 bus, it's a self-contained system. So I'm designing... |
H: Esp32 INPUT-pullup
I have an enable pin that i want to drive high always except when a limit switch is closed, and at the same time I want to monitor the state of the limit switch So is that possible with input_pull-up mode on esp32 pins?
AI: For the question, is it possible, it certainly is possible and that's why... |
H: Circuit theory basic problem
What approach do I have to take to find Vs. I don't really want an answer to this question but I want to know how to solve these circuits.
I'll first tell the approach I tried. I took KVL for all the loops, and then I was quite confused with the current directions I assumed. Please hel... |
H: How do the comparators in this circuit work? Do they compare the voltages between themselves? How do comparators generally work?
This is the schematic of the circuit my question references. I understand that the potentiometers are set at 2 different levels and the comparators then send out signals based on whether... |
H: FET turn-on time in DC-DC converter
I am selecting a GaN FET for a buck-boost DC-DC converter application. The Vgs of the part I'm looking at combined with the gate charge and gate resistance lets me switch the FET on in about 5.3 ns. This would be 0.53% of the period with 1MHz switching frequency. Is this fast eno... |
H: How Should I Model Eddy Currents in a Magnetic Core?
simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab
I'm primarily a VHDL and DSP guy, so I apologize in advance if this question is dumb.
I have wire wrapped around a magnetic core. The coil is connected to an AC source.
I want to calculate the extent to ... |
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