Detecting Pretraining Data from Large Language Models
Paper • 2310.16789 • Published • 11
book_id int64 0 99 | book stringlengths 8 51 | snippet_id int64 0 99 | snippet stringlengths 2.35k 8.11k | label int64 0 1 |
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34 | The Call of the Wild.txt | 25 | from a sense of duty and business expediency; he saw to the welfare of his as if they were his own children, because he could not help it. And he saw further. He never forgot a kindly greeting or a cheering word, and to sit down for a long talk with them ("gas" he called it) was as much his delight as theirs. He had a ... | 1 |
42 | The Silmarillion.txt | 69 | dominion round about with an unseen wail of shadow and bewilderment: the Girdle of Melian, that none thereafter could pass against her will or the will of King Thingol, unless one should come with a power greater than that of Melian the Maia. And this inner land, which was long named Eglador, was after called Doriath, ... | 1 |
96 | We-Could-Be-So Good.txt | 3 | car. It’s been years: Bailey clearly means him no harm and has managed to be discreet enough that Nick’s queerness isn’t the talk of the Chronicle. But Bailey’s presence sets Nick’s teeth on edge and somehow it’s worse because Bailey is trying to be decent. A week after that awful meeting at the baths, he cornered Nick... | 0 |
82 | Robyn-Harding-The-Drowning-Woman.txt | 55 | on the fly. When the pandemic hit, the governor issued stay-at-home orders. For two months, my husband worked from his home office while I tried to stay out of his way. Domestic abuse rose worldwide during lockdown and my household was no exception. Benjamin took his fear, his sense of powerlessness, and his frustratio... | 0 |
75 | Lisa-See-Lady-Tan_s-Circle-of-Women.txt | 44 | then begins to pick up his scattered cabbages. The eunuch draws his bow again and aims for another passerby. This time the arrow flies past the intended victim and disappears into a scraggly field. The eunuch reaches into his quiver for a third arrow. The Hongzhi emperor may be hoping to bring righteousness back to the... | 0 |
87 | The Foxglove King.txt | 46 | slowly across the ring, a feral smile on her face, the cheers of the crowd encouraging her to take her time with an obviously weaker opponent. Lore heaved in deep breaths as she drew closer, willing her stomach to expand, pushing the pain in her head to the edges. She shifted her aching body—ass on the ground, legs ben... | 0 |
43 | The Turn of the Screw.txt | 23 | if there are those who think he had better have been kicking a football I can only say that I wholly agree with them. For at the end of a time that under his influence I had quite ceased to measure, I started up with a strange sense of having literally slept at my post. It was after luncheon, and by the schoolroom fire... | 1 |
57 | Cold People.txt | 8 | – not hatred or revenge, but how to save as many lives as possible. Since the tanker had been empty when it had been seized, they didn’t need to dump three million barrels of crude oil into the ocean, avoiding the discovery of whether such an environmentally destructive act would have provoked a response from the alien... | 0 |
38 | The Invisible Man- A Grotesque Romance.txt | 8 | there is no longer refraction or reflection except at the surfaces, and it becomes as transparent as glass. And not only paper, but cotton fibre, linen fibre, wool fibre, woody fibre, and bone, Kemp, flesh, hair, nails and nerves, Kemp, in fact the whole fabric of a man except the red of his blood and the black pigment... | 1 |
59 | Costanza-Casati-Clytemnestra.txt | 86 | hands and feet tied. They are staring at the stone floor, bare-chested, shivering. Timandra walks to them and kicks them. They look up, their dark eyes shiny, the skin stretched on their cheekbones. Their faces are already like skulls. “Where are the women?” Clytemnestra asks. Almonds and nuts are scattered on the wood... | 0 |
65 | Hedge.txt | 53 | ambush. “Stop checking my phone,” Ella said. “How did you know?” Maud said. “You left the browser open. You do that every time. Do you think I’m doing drugs or something?” “No,” Maud stuttered. “It’s a habit from when you were sick and your dad and I wanted to make sure everything was okay.” “Well, he was better at it,... | 0 |
51 | A Spell of Good Things.txt | 90 | back.” Ìyá Ẹniọlá glanced around. They were not in the path of vehicles that sped into the station to refuel, but who knew what crazy driver might decide to veer towards them. “Should I help you to get up? Your guide is still busy, we can wait for him together. Should I help you?” “What if there is someone behind you? ... | 0 |
12 | Fahrenheit 451.txt | 2 | FAHRENHEIT 451 This one, with gratitude, is for DON CONGDON. FAHRENHEIT 451: The temperature at which book-paper catches fire and burns PART I IT WAS A PLEASURE TO BURN IT was a special pleasure to see things eaten, to see things blackened and changed. With the brass nozzle in his fists, with this great python spitting... | 1 |
57 | Cold People.txt | 2 | life, a brilliant and complex life. Her thoughts felt slow and heavy. She was not innocent anymore. Atto and Liza ran forward, hugging her, holding her tight. Liza whispered into Echo’s ear: ‘She would’ve killed you. She would’ve killed us.’ ‘I feel something I’ve never felt before…’ Her sentence drifted into silence, ... | 0 |
86 | Tessa-Bailey-Unfortunately-Yours.txt | 83 | your ass in axe throwing.” Hallie whooped and held up a glass of wine. “I know that’s right.” “Your turn, August,” Julian prompted. Was he smirking? August couldn’t even feel the axe in his hand when he picked it up. He turned it over a few times, looked down, and found it shaking. Damn. “Uh, does someone else want to ... | 0 |
49 | treasure island.txt | 65 | though it was a great annoyance when it God ever allowed upon the sea, and the language in which he blew. I remember the appearance of his coat, which he patched told these stories shocked our plain country people almost as himself upstairs in his room, and which, before the end, was much as the crimes that he describe... | 1 |
12 | Fahrenheit 451.txt | 55 | and the men slowly turned from looking up river and were drawn to the fire, awkwardly, with nothing to say, and the sun coloured the backs of their necks as they bent down. Granger unfolded an oilskin with some bacon in it. "We'll have a bite. Then we'll turn around and walk upstream. They'll be needing us up that way.... | 1 |
11 | Emma.txt | 23 | our acquaintance, when I did like him, when I was very much disposed to be attached to him--nay, was attached--and how it came to cease, is perhaps the wonder. Fortunately, however, it did cease. I have really for some time past, for at least these three months, cared nothing about him. You may believe me, Mrs. Weston.... | 1 |
18 | Hitchhiker's Guide To The Galaxy.txt | 26 | the main reason why he had had such a wild and successful life that he never really understood the significance of anything he did. "Zaphod," she said patiently, "they were floating unprotected in open space ... you wouldn't want them to have died would you?" "Well, you know ... no. Not as such, but ..." "Not as such? ... | 1 |
67 | How to Sell a Haunted House.txt | 42 | her life, like it had a pin sticking out of its middle and it couldn’t close all the way and Louise oh my god there’s a needle in my eye pupkin stuck a needle in my eye panicked and lashed out with one arm and she felt his soft body in her hand, and she squeezed and yanked and felt her collar tear as he clung to it and... | 0 |
96 | We-Could-Be-So Good.txt | 19 | doing honest upstanding American capitalist things that definitely had nothing to do with any of the waterfront gangs that ran half the city in those days. Somewhere around the turn of the century he met an enterprising young reporter named Cecilia Marks, who was making a name for herself by getting thrown into prisons... | 0 |
43 | The Turn of the Screw.txt | 15 | many a corner round which I expected to come upon Quint, and many a situation that, in a merely sinister way, would have favored the appearance of Miss Jessel. The summer had turned, the summer had gone; the autumn had dropped upon Bly and had blown out half our lights. The place, with its gray sky and withered garland... | 1 |
43 | The Turn of the Screw.txt | 39 | boys. What surpassed everything was that there was a little boy in the world who could have for the inferior age, sex, and intelligence so fine a consideration. They were extraordinarily at one, and to say that they never either quarreled or complained is to make the note of praise coarse for their quality of sweetness... | 1 |
85 | Talia-Hibbert-Highly-Suspicious.txt | 37 | The subject of our conversation chooses that moment to walk out of the Beech Hut without a backward glance. Michaela throws an unreadable look in my direction and follows. I play back everything I just said and feel my stomach thud down through my chair and splatter on the floor. Beside me, Jordan drawls, “Aw, Brad, do... | 0 |
97 | What-Dreams-May-Come.txt | 65 | would keep him in her heart next to Olivia and the rest of his family as a treasured piece of a life she could have only in fantasy, and she would leave Downingham and hope Mr. Granger followed her and left the Calloways alone. For now, she would do what she could to make Simon’s life a happier one. To do that, she nee... | 0 |
34 | The Call of the Wild.txt | 79 | exhausted. Then he fell, and lay where he fell, howling lugubriously as the long train of sleds churned by. With the last remnant of his strength he managed to stagger along behind till the train made another stop, when he floundered past the sleds to his own, where he stood alongside Sol-leks. His driver lingered a mo... | 1 |
53 | After Death.txt | 89 | until it will descend no farther. “Help me,” the old man repeats. The blue that was ferocious is now a weak, robin’s-egg blue that inspires contempt. “Help me.” Looking down on the old man, feeling taller and stronger than he’d been just a minute earlier, Durand says, “Help you what? What do you want? Are you so stupid... | 0 |
72 | Katherine-Center-Hello-Stranger.txt | 42 | here. Without a goodbye. As usual. It was fine. I had a party to go to. And wine to buy. As I moved into the wine aisle, Smokey Robinson came over the sound system with a song that had been one of my mom’s favorites—“I Second That Emotion.” Normally I would never sing along out loud to anything in public—especially in ... | 0 |
35 | The Da Vinci Code.txt | 17 | that no matter how long it took, these documents must be recovered from the rubble beneath the temple and protected forever, so the truth would never die. In order to retrieve the documents from within the ruins, the Priory created a military arm-a group of nine knights called the Order of the Poor Knights of Christ an... | 1 |
95 | USS-Lincoln.txt | 49 | twelve years, he’s been writing full time, and with thirty-eight best-selling novels under his belt, he has no plans to slow down. Thanks for being part of his community! Use the links below to jump to Mark’s site. Have a question or want to say hi to Mark? Contact him at: markwaynemcginnis@gmail.com Or contact him on ... | 0 |
40 | The Picture of Dorian Gray.txt | 18 | yield to it. Resist it, and your soul grows sick with longing for the things it has forbidden to itself, with desire for what its monstrous laws have made monstrous and unlawful. It has been said that the great events of the world take place in the brain. It is in the brain, and the brain only, that the great sins of t... | 1 |
0 | 1984.txt | 13 | the boughs of the elm trees were swaying very faintly in the breeze, their leaves just stirring in dense masses like women's hair. Somewhere near at hand, though out of sight, there was a clear, slow-moving stream where dace were swimming in the pools under the willow trees. file:///F|/rah/George%20Orwell/Orwell%20Nine... | 1 |
43 | The Turn of the Screw.txt | 78 | in my presence, but with my direct sense of it closed, they had visitors who were known and were welcome. Then it was that, had I not been deterred by the very chance that such an injury might prove greater than the injury to be averted, my exultation would have broken out. "They're here, they're here, you little wretc... | 1 |
81 | Riley-Sager-The-Only-One-Left.txt | 21 | innocent. The dark figure starts running when he sees me coming, his sneakers slipping on the dew-slicked grass. It gives me the extra second I need to catch up just before he can get away. I lunge forward, grab him by the shirt collar, and yank. His feet slide out from under him, and he drops to the ground like a sack... | 0 |
57 | Cold People.txt | 63 | sun went down behind the Malibu hills, the deadline passed and a second later the swathes of people crowding the beach, standing shoulder to shoulder in the shallow water, perched on the roof of the lifeguard huts, filling the eight-lane freeway and the amusement pier, all these people had broken apart into fragments o... | 0 |
22 | Lord of the Flies.txt | 89 | again and the silence became full of doubt and wonder. Piggy whispered urgently. "Rescue." "Oh yes. Without the fire we can't be rescued. So we must stay by the fire and make smoke." When he stopped no one said anything. After the many brilliant speeches that had been made on this very spot Ralph's remarks seemed lame,... | 1 |
95 | USS-Lincoln.txt | 58 | stood on top of aluminum-colored tile. Titanium tables holding cadavers were lined in rows in the stark, laboratory-like space. Twenty-three-year-old Vivian Leigh stood next to her lab partner, twenty-four-year-old Griffin McKenna. She hadn’t known the guy with the movie-star smile long—two weeks tops. Good looks will ... | 0 |
92 | The-Scorched-Throne-1-Sara-Hashe.txt | 2 | and manner? I turned a fierce scowl inward. The Sultana’s nonsense about lovers had clearly scrambled my senses. Arin was attractive—it was as obvious and indisputable as the sun. But I had spent nearly twenty-one years capable of acknowledging attractiveness without being attracted myself. I had never wanted anyone, n... | 0 |
43 | The Turn of the Screw.txt | 9 | a revelation of my motive, I should throw across the rest of the mystery the long halter of my boldness? This thought held me sufficiently to make me cross to his threshold and pause again. I preternaturally listened; I figured to myself what might portentously be; I wondered if his bed were also empty and he too were ... | 1 |
11 | Emma.txt | 7 | from since he came to Highbury. Dear me! When I look back to the first time I saw him! How little did I think!-- The two Abbots and I ran into the front room and peeped through the blind when we heard he was going by, and Miss Nash came and scolded us away, and staid to look through herself; however, she called me back... | 1 |
56 | Christina Lauren - The True Love Experiment.txt | 62 | with a hand holding it up at the front, smiling over her shoulder at me. “I’m gonna change in the bathroom; you get the episode pulled up.” I find the remote, connect to the right app, and get it ready to play. With Fizzy still changing, I duck out onto the balcony to call Stevie. The cool sea air washes over my flushe... | 0 |
58 | Confidence_-a-Novel.txt | 39 | the utter cluelessness. “I suppose you were, weren’t you? Businessmen from birth.” We had at that point spent so much time with Carol that we didn’t need to pay her compliments back, could just smile and nod and say “Thank you” or “We so appreciate all your help,” could ask without hesitation for more and more money. “... | 0 |
56 | Christina Lauren - The True Love Experiment.txt | 22 | to be amazing so that your career takes off and you fall back in love with me. But sadness is an ache I feel I need to continually swallow around, and turns out, sadness also makes it hard to laugh. I reach for the water off to the side and twist off the cap, taking a sip. Count to ten, one more sip, and do your damn j... | 0 |
95 | USS-Lincoln.txt | 28 | of Convoke Wyvern and Caveman Glory games. They get killed off, and voila! They come back to life in the next iteration of the games.” Eyes narrowed, lips pursed, and arms crossed, she stared back at me. “What?” I said, befuddled. She waited. And then I got it. There was a virtual factory up on Adams’ high decks where ... | 0 |
92 | The-Scorched-Throne-1-Sara-Hashe.txt | 69 | to see. This was the cry of the first bird ever pushed from its nest, tentative wings stretching for flight. The first thunder of a restless sky. The waters moving under the Awaleen as they rested on their thrones beneath Sirauk, kept alive by their magic and trapped by it, too. I was a gnat fluttering toward the surfa... | 0 |
57 | Cold People.txt | 59 | Kasim assessed the damage and the strength of this resistance. Liza thought this a good moment to repeat her claim: ‘These families will not be broken up.’ Kasim shrugged. ‘Tell me how four snow vehicles can carry all these people.’ THE TRANS-ANTARCTICA FREEWAY WEST ANTARCTIC ICE SHEET LANDMARK PLATEAU NEXT DAY ECHO SA... | 0 |
6 | Bartleby the Scrivener A Story of Wall Street.txt | 74 | sort of innocent and transformed Marius brooding among the ruins of Carthage! For the first time in my life a feeling of overpowering stinging melancholy seized me. Before, I had never experienced aught but a not-unpleasing sadness. The bond of a common humanity now drew me irresistibly to gloom. A fraternal melancholy... | 1 |
92 | The-Scorched-Throne-1-Sara-Hashe.txt | 57 | said don’t touch me!” “Leave her.” Marek. “Now,” Sefa added. The noise receded, and the door scraped shut behind them. I tore the wrappings around my hands, revealing perfectly healed palms. I hadn’t needed Arin’s touch to bring my magic to the surface this time. Good. Rawain likes his property in faultless condition, ... | 0 |
87 | The Foxglove King.txt | 57 | there. A sickening thunk as a fist crashed into his temple; he slumped to the ground. Someone grabbed Lore’s braid, fallen from its jet pins, and jerked it backward. She snarled, but the Presque Mort’s arms closed around her, kept her confined. It took two to do the same to Bastian; the Sun Prince thrashed, shouting cu... | 0 |
67 | How to Sell a Haunted House.txt | 3 | the strings went taut, and Sticks lifted his head. Most marionettes are fussy and clattery. This one felt alive. Sticks hesitated, turned his head to the side, raised his blind face, and sniffed the air. Then he climbed to his feet and stood on the porch between us. Clark turned invisible. I no longer saw Sticks’s stri... | 0 |
74 | Kristy-Woodson-Harvey-The-Summer-of-Songbirds.txt | 46 | the screened door swinging behind us. “Oh, I’m great. For sure. I guess I’m just worried that, despite our efforts, Holly Springs won’t make it.” “Are you sure that’s all?” I asked, lengthening my stride to match hers. “Absolutely! We’re at camp! What could be better? You’ll man sailing all day, I’ll be overseeing the ... | 0 |
2 | A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man.txt | 43 | now grave again, slowed his pace and said: --Alone, quite alone. You have no fear of that. And you know what that word means? Not only to be separate from all others but to have not even one friend. --I will take the risk, said Stephen. --And not to have any one person, Cranly said, who would be more than a friend, mor... | 1 |
51 | A Spell of Good Things.txt | 75 | yes sir.” Honourable shut the book he’d been reading and studied Ẹniọlá. Ẹniọlá scratched his thigh, worried that there might be a follow-up question. If he were to name titles, what would he say? Mention the copies of Hearts and Better Lover that Sàámú had been passing on to him? And if Honourable asked him to talk ab... | 0 |
19 | Hound of the Baskervilles.txt | 50 | was beautifully flushed with her exertions and she held her hand to her side. "I have run all the way in order to cut you off, Dr. Watson," said she. "I had not even time to put on my hat. I must not stop, or my brother may miss me. I wanted to say to you how sorry I am about the stupid mistake I made in thinking that ... | 1 |
16 | Great Expectations.txt | 48 | you'll help me to be good then," said I. "Ecod," replied Wemmick, shaking his head, "that's not my trade." "Nor is this your trading-place," said I. "You are right," he returned. "You hit the nail on the head. Mr. Pip, I'll put on my considering-cap, and I think all you want to do, may be done by degrees. Skiffins (tha... | 1 |
8 | David Copperfield.txt | 44 | more than ever, into the house. She seemed to delight in teasing me, which was a change in her I wondered at very much. The tea table was ready, and our little locker was put out in its old place, but instead of coming to sit by me, she went and bestowed her company upon that grumbling Mrs. Gummidge: and on Mr. Peggott... | 1 |
78 | Pineapple Street.txt | 11 | they fought in his office and he hit her head on a poster on his wall, that he choked her and threw her in the water and left her for dead. He recanted his confession less than twenty-four hours later, saying it was coerced. Omar appeared on-screen in a forest green jumpsuit, head shaved, his last name written on a pie... | 0 |
82 | Robyn-Harding-The-Drowning-Woman.txt | 73 | many people. Despite my toxic marriage, I was privileged. I promised to return with medicine and tea because her illness was my fault. After my frigid dip in the ocean, I’d gone home to a hot shower and dry clothes. Lee had sat chilled in her car, her immunity lowered, and she had picked up a virus somewhere. With an e... | 0 |
2 | A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man.txt | 63 | my love, I'll No longer stay. What can't be cured, sure, Must be injured, sure, So I'll go to Amerikay. My love she's handsome, My love she's bony: She's like good whisky When it is new; But when 'tis old And growing cold It fades and dies like The mountain dew. The consciousness of the warm sunny city outside his wind... | 1 |
77 | Maame.txt | 2 | like this, I’ve never been handed a glass of wine specifically selected for the night, and the last person to cook for me was my mother. “So how old are you?” Ben asks. “I’m twenty-five.” “Oh, great,” he says. “Would you mind stirring this for just a second?” “Sure.” I put down my wine and lean over to take the wooden ... | 0 |
28 | THE SCARLET LETTER.txt | 2 | platform or scaffold, black and weather-stained with the storm or sunshine of seven long years, and foot-worn, too, with the tread of many culprits who had since ascended it, remained standing beneath the balcony of the meeting-house. The minister went up the steps.% It was an obscure night in early May. An unwearied p... | 1 |
55 | Blowback.txt | 64 | those ‘shamals’ in the Middle East—those sandstorms that block out the sun? That’s what immigration did to the Department of Homeland Security during the Trump administration,” she explained. “There was no light, no air, no room for anything else.” Another far-right president would create the same environment, with pot... | 0 |
5 | Anne of Green Gables.txt | 75 | unimpassioned way of looking at the subject. The cake did rise, however, and came out of the oven as light and feathery as golden foam. Anne, flushed with delight, clapped it together with layers of ruby jelly and, in imagination, saw Mrs. Allan eating it and possibly asking for another piece! "You'll be using the best... | 1 |
42 | The Silmarillion.txt | 75 | and quick to resentment, and Caranthir was haughty and scarce concealed his scorn for the unloveliness of the Naugrim, and his people followed their lord. Nevertheless since both peoples feared and hated Morgoth they made alliance, and had of it great profit; for the Naugrim learned many secrets of craft in those days,... | 1 |
51 | A Spell of Good Things.txt | 36 | waiting for Kúnlé to bring a Mothers’ Union souvenir bag his mother wanted to pass on to hers. He emerged with the cloth bag, holding it aloft until his mother nodded to indicate he had gotten the right one. “You’ll take her home, àbí? Do you have any other plans for the evening?” “Well, Wúrà likes to play superwoman a... | 0 |
The BookMIA datasets serve as a benchmark designed to evaluate membership inference attack (MIA) methods, specifically in detecting pretraining data from OpenAI models that are released before 2023 (such as text-davinci-003).
The dataset contains non-member and member data:
The datasets can be applied to various OpenAI models released before 2023:
To load the dataset:
from datasets import load_dataset
dataset = load_dataset("swj0419/BookMIA")
512.For evaluating MIA methods on our datasets, visit our GitHub repository.
If you find our codebase and datasets beneficial, kindly cite our work:
@misc{shi2023detecting,
title={Detecting Pretraining Data from Large Language Models},
author={Weijia Shi and Anirudh Ajith and Mengzhou Xia and Yangsibo Huang and Daogao Liu and Terra Blevins and Danqi Chen and Luke Zettlemoyer},
year={2023},
eprint={2310.16789},
archivePrefix={arXiv},
primaryClass={cs.CL}
}
[1] Kent K Chang, Mackenzie Cramer, Sandeep Soni, and David Bamman. Speak, memory: An archaeology of books known to chatgpt/gpt-4. arXiv preprint arXiv:2305.00118, 2023.