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state-data-privacy-applicability-thresholds

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annually buys, sells, or shares the personal information of 100,000 or more consumers or households	Derives 50 percent or more of its annual revenues from selling or sharing consumers' personal information	[ "state" ]	January 1, 2020 (CCPA); January 1, 2023 (CPRA amendments)	State Attorney General and California Privacy Protection Agency (CPPA); limited private right of action for data breaches under Cal. Civ. Code § 1798.150	california	Nonprofits; government agencies; HIPAA-covered entities; GLBA-regulated financial institutions; FCRA consumer reporting agencies; entities complying with Driver's Privacy Protection Act	California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018 / California Privacy Rights Act (CCPA/CPRA)	California is the only state with a standalone revenue threshold (no consumer volume required). The $25M threshold is inflation-adjusted annually per subdivision (d) of Section 1798.199.95. Definition of 'sale' is broad: includes renting, releasing, disclosing, disseminating, making available, transferring, or otherwis...	annual gross revenues in excess of twenty-five million dollars ($25,000,000), as adjusted pursuant to subdivision (d) of Section 1798.199.95	https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=1798.140.&lawCode=CIV	California, and that satisfies one or more of the following thresholds: (A) As of January 1 of the calendar year, had annual gross revenues in excess of twenty-five million dollars ($25,000,000) in the preceding calendar year, as adjusted pursuant to subdivision (d) of Section 1798.199.95. (B) Alone or in combination, ...	California	Cal. Civ. Code §§ 1798.100–1798.199.100	OR — satisfies one or more of the following thresholds	https://referencesource.org/state-data-privacy-applicability-thresholds/california/	[ "consumer_volume_threshold", "revenue_floor", "threshold_logic" ]
Controls or processes the personal data of one hundred thousand consumers or more during a calendar year	Derives revenue or receives a discount on the price of goods or services from the sale of personal data and processes or controls the personal data of twenty-five thousand consumers or more	[ "state" ]	July 1, 2023	Attorney General and district attorneys; civil penalty of up to $20,000 per violation; no private right of action	colorado	State and local government entities; financial institutions subject to GLBA; HIPAA-covered entities and business associates; nonprofit organizations; institutions of higher education; air carriers	Colorado Privacy Act (CPA)	Colorado does not specify a minimum percentage of revenue from data sales — any revenue or discount from selling data combined with 25,000+ consumers triggers the law. As of October 1, 2025, the law also applies to any controller processing biometric identifiers or biometric data regardless of volume.	null	https://leg.colorado.gov/sites/default/files/images/olls/crs2024-title-06.pdf	(I) Controls or processes the personal data of one hundred thousand consumers or more during a calendar year; or Colorado Revised Statutes 2024 Page 142 of 320 Uncertified Printout (II) Derives revenue or receives a discount on the price of goods or services from the sale of personal data and processes or controls the ...	Colorado	C.R.S. §§ 6-1-1301 to 6-1-1313	OR — satisfies one or both of the following thresholds	https://referencesource.org/state-data-privacy-applicability-thresholds/colorado/	[ "consumer_volume_threshold", "data_sales_revenue_threshold", "threshold_logic" ]
Controlled or processed the personal data of not less than one hundred thousand consumers, excluding personal data controlled or processed solely for the purpose of completing a payment transaction	controlled or processed the personal data of not less than twenty-five thousand consumers and derived more than twenty-five per cent of their gross revenue from the sale of personal data	[ "state" ]	July 1, 2023	Attorney General; cure period (expires December 31, 2024); civil penalty of up to $5,000 per violation under CUTPA; no private right of action	connecticut	State and local government bodies; HIPAA-covered entities and business associates; GLBA-regulated financial institutions; nonprofit organizations; institutions of higher education; data processed solely for payment transactions excluded from consumer count	Connecticut Data Privacy Act (CTDPA)	Connecticut SB 1295 (effective July 1, 2026) will lower the consumer threshold from 100,000 to 35,000, add a sensitive-data trigger with no volume floor, and add a trigger for selling consumer data at any scale regardless of volume or revenue percentage. Connecticut originally set the data sales revenue threshold at 25...	null	https://web.archive.org/web/2024/https://www.cga.ct.gov/current/pub/chap_743jj.htm	apply to persons that conduct business in this state or persons that produce products or services that are targeted to residents of this state and that during the preceding calendar year: (1) Controlled or processed the personal data of not less than one hundred thousand consumers, excluding personal data controlled or...	Connecticut	Conn. Gen. Stat. §§ 42-515 to 42-525	OR — during the preceding calendar year met either threshold	https://referencesource.org/state-data-privacy-applicability-thresholds/connecticut/	[ "consumer_volume_threshold", "data_sales_revenue_threshold", "threshold_logic" ]
Controlled or processed the personal data of not less than 35,000 consumers, excluding personal data controlled or processed solely for the purpose of completing a payment transaction	Controlled or processed the personal data of not less than 10,000 consumers and derived more than 20% of their gross revenue from the sale of personal data	[ "state" ]	January 1, 2025	Attorney General (Department of Justice); 60-day cure period (expires December 31, 2025); no private right of action	delaware	State and political subdivision bodies (excluding institutions of higher education); GLBA-regulated financial institutions; national securities associations; nonprofit organizations dedicated to preventing insurance crime	Delaware Personal Data Privacy Act (DPDPA)	Delaware has relatively low thresholds: 35,000 consumers (excl. payment data) or 10,000 consumers with 20% revenue from data sales. Unlike many states, Delaware does not broadly exempt all nonprofits — only nonprofits dedicated to preventing insurance crime are exempt. Institutions of higher education are NOT exempt.	null	https://delcode.delaware.gov/title6/c012d/index.html	This chapter applies to persons that conduct business in the State or persons that produce products or services that are targeted to residents of the State and that during the preceding calendar year did any of the following: (1) Controlled or processed the personal data of not less than 35,000 consumers, excluding per...	Delaware	Del. Code Ann. tit. 6, ch. 12D	OR — during the preceding calendar year did any of the following	https://referencesource.org/state-data-privacy-applicability-thresholds/delaware/	[ "consumer_volume_threshold", "data_sales_revenue_threshold", "threshold_logic" ]
null	null	[ "state" ]	July 1, 2024	Department of Legal Affairs (Attorney General); civil penalties of $50,000 per violation or treble damages; no private right of action	florida	State agencies and political subdivisions; GLBA-regulated financial institutions; HIPAA-covered entities and business associates; nonprofit organizations; postsecondary education institutions	Florida Digital Bill of Rights (FDBR)	Florida has by far the highest revenue threshold of any state at $1 billion in global gross annual revenues, effectively limiting the law to large technology companies. Additionally, the business must satisfy at least one of three criteria: deriving 50%+ of global revenue from online advertising, operating a consumer s...	Makes in excess of $1 billion in global gross annual revenues	https://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&Search_String=&URL=0500-0599/0501/Sections/0501.702.html	Makes in excess of $1 billion in global gross annual revenues; and 6.  Satisfies at least one of the following: a.  Derives 50 percent or more of its global gross annual revenues from the sale of advertisements online, including providing targeted advertising or the sale of ads online; b.  Operates...	Florida	Fla. Stat. §§ 501.701 to 501.721	AND — requires $1 billion+ in global gross annual revenues AND satisfies at least one additional criterion (50%+ revenue from online ads, operates a smart speaker with virtual assistant, or operates an app store with 250,000+ apps)	https://referencesource.org/state-data-privacy-applicability-thresholds/florida/	[ "revenue_floor" ]
Controls or processes personal data of at least one hundred thousand consumers	Controls or processes personal data of at least twenty-five thousand consumers and derives over fifty percent of gross revenue from the sale of personal data	[ "state" ]	January 1, 2025	Attorney General; 90-day cure period; no private right of action	iowa	State and political subdivisions; GLBA-regulated financial institutions; HIPAA-covered entities and business associates; nonprofit organizations; institutions of higher education	Iowa Consumer Data Protection Act (ICDPA)	Iowa follows the Virginia model closely. Unique feature: 90-day cure period (the longest among state privacy laws). Iowa does not include a right to correction of inaccurate personal data.	null	https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/code/715D.pdf	This chapter applies to a person conducting business in the state or producing products or services that are targeted to consumers who are residents of the state and that during a calendar year does either of the following: a. Controls or processes personal data of at least one hundred thousand consumers. b. Controls o...	Iowa	Iowa Code ch. 715D	OR — during a calendar year does either of the following	https://referencesource.org/state-data-privacy-applicability-thresholds/iowa/	[ "consumer_volume_threshold", "data_sales_revenue_threshold", "threshold_logic" ]
One hundred thousand (100,000) consumers	Twenty-five thousand (25,000) consumers and derive over fifty percent (50%) of gross revenue from the sale of personal data	[ "state" ]	January 1, 2026	Attorney General; 30-day cure period (non-expiring); no private right of action	kentucky	City, state agency, or political subdivision; GLBA-regulated financial institutions; HIPAA-covered entities and business associates; nonprofit organizations; institutions of higher education; small telephone utilities and Tier III CMRS providers	Kentucky Consumer Data Protection Act (KCDPA)	Kentucky's 30-day cure period does not expire, making it one of the most business-friendly enforcement provisions. Kentucky follows the Virginia model closely. Small telephone utilities and municipal utilities that do not sell or share data are also exempt.	null	https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/statute.aspx?id=56648	KRS 367.3611 to 367.3629 apply to persons that conduct business in the Commonwealth or produce products or services that are targeted to residents of the Commonwealth and that during a calendar year control or process personal data of at least: (a) One hundred thousand (100,000) consumers; or (b) Twenty-five thousand (...	Kentucky	KRS §§ 367.3611 to 367.3629	OR — control or process personal data of at least either threshold	https://referencesource.org/state-data-privacy-applicability-thresholds/kentucky/	[ "consumer_volume_threshold", "data_sales_revenue_threshold", "threshold_logic" ]
CONTROLLED OR PROCESSED THE PERSONAL DATA OF AT LEAST 35,000 CONSUMERS, EXCLUDING PERSONAL DATA CONTROLLED OR PROCESSED SOLELY FOR THE PURPOSE OF COMPLETING A PAYMENT TRANSACTION	CONTROLLED OR PROCESSED THE PERSONAL DATA OF AT LEAST 10,000 CONSUMERS AND DERIVED MORE THAN 20% OF ITS GROSS REVENUE FROM THE SALE OF PERSONAL DATA	[ "state" ]	October 1, 2025	Division of Consumer Protection (Attorney General); civil penalty; no private right of action	maryland	State and local government bodies and instrumentalities; national securities associations; GLBA-regulated financial institutions and affiliates; nonprofit controllers assisting law enforcement with insurance crime or first responders with catastrophic events	Maryland Online Data Privacy Act (MODPA)	Maryland bans the sale of sensitive data entirely (not just requiring consent). Maryland has relatively low thresholds (35,000/10,000 at 20%), matching Delaware and Rhode Island. Unlike many states, Maryland does not broadly exempt all nonprofits — only specific nonprofit controllers assisting law enforcement or first ...	null	https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/2024RS/chapters_noln/Ch_455_sb0541E.pdf	CONDUCTS BUSINESS IN THE STATE OR PROVIDES PRODUCTS OR SERVICES THAT ARE TARGETED TO RESIDENTS OF THE STATE, AND THAT DURING THE PRECEDING CALENDAR YEAR DID ANY OF THE FOLLOWING: (1) CONTROLLED OR PROCESSED THE PERSONAL DATA OF AT LEAST 35,000 CONSUMERS, EXCLUDING PERSONAL DATA CONTROLLED OR PROCESSED SOLELY FOR THE PU...	Maryland	Md. Code Ann., Com. Law §§ 14-4601 to 14-4614	OR — during the preceding calendar year met either threshold	https://referencesource.org/state-data-privacy-applicability-thresholds/maryland/	[ "consumer_volume_threshold", "data_sales_revenue_threshold", "threshold_logic" ]
during a calendar year, controls or processes personal data of 100,000 consumers or more, excluding personal data controlled or processed solely for the purpose of completing a payment transaction	derives over 25 percent of gross revenue from the sale of personal data and processes or controls personal data of 25,000 consumers or more	[ "state" ]	July 31, 2025	Attorney General; no private right of action	minnesota	State and local government entities; HIPAA-covered entities; GLBA-regulated financial institutions; nonprofit organizations; institutions of higher education (postsecondary institutions regulated by the Office of Higher Education not required to comply until July 31, 2029)	Minnesota Consumer Data Privacy Act (MCDPA)	Minnesota uses a 25% revenue threshold (like Colorado and Oregon), lower than the 50% in Virginia-model states. Minnesota has stronger data minimization rules than most states. Postsecondary institutions regulated by the Office of Higher Education have a delayed compliance date of July 31, 2029.	null	https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/325M/full	This section, as added by Laws 2024, chapter 121, article 5, section 3, is effective July 31, 2025, except that postsecondary institutions regulated by the Office of Higher Education are not required to comply until July 31, 2029. Laws 2024, chapter 121, article 5, section 14. 325M.12 SCOPE; EXCLUSIONS. § Subdivision 1...	Minnesota	Minn. Stat. §§ 325M.10 to 325M.21	OR — satisfies one or more of the following thresholds	https://referencesource.org/state-data-privacy-applicability-thresholds/minnesota/	[ "consumer_volume_threshold", "data_sales_revenue_threshold", "effective_date", "notes", "threshold_logic" ]
control or process the personal data of not less than 25,000 consumers, excluding personal data controlled or processed solely for the purpose of completing a payment transaction	control or process the personal data of not less than 15,000 consumers and derive more than 25% of gross revenue from the sale of personal data	[ "state" ]	October 1, 2024	Attorney General; 60-day cure period; no private right of action	montana	Government bodies; HIPAA-covered entities; GLBA-regulated financial institutions; nonprofit organizations; institutions of higher education	Montana Consumer Data Privacy Act (MCDPA)	Montana has the lowest consumer threshold in the country at 25,000 consumers, and the lowest data-sales threshold at 15,000 consumers with 25% revenue. Montana's small population (approximately 1.1 million) means these thresholds capture a proportionally larger share of businesses operating in the state.	null	https://leg.mt.gov/bills/mca/title_0300/chapter_0140/part_0280/section_0030/0300-0140-0280-0030.html	apply to persons that conduct business in this state or persons that produce products or services that are targeted to residents of this state and: (a) control or process the personal data of not less than 25,000 consumers, excluding personal data controlled or processed solely for the purpose of completing a payment t...	Montana	Mont. Code Ann. §§ 30-14-2801 to 30-14-2817	OR — applies to persons that conduct business in this state and meet either threshold	https://referencesource.org/state-data-privacy-applicability-thresholds/montana/	[ "consumer_volume_threshold", "data_sales_revenue_threshold", "threshold_logic" ]
null	null	[ "state" ]	January 1, 2025	Attorney General; 30-day cure period; civil penalty up to $7,500 per violation; no private right of action	nebraska	Small businesses as determined under the federal Small Business Act; state agencies and political subdivisions; GLBA-regulated financial institutions; HIPAA-covered entities and business associates; nonprofit organizations; institutions of higher education; electric suppliers; natural gas public utilities	Nebraska Data Privacy Act (NDPA)	Nebraska follows the Texas model rather than the Virginia model, using the federal Small Business Act to determine applicability rather than fixed numeric thresholds. Nebraska is the only other state besides Texas to take this approach.	null	https://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/statutes.php?statute=87-1103	Data Privacy Act applies only to a person that: (a) Conducts business in this state or produces a product or service consumed by residents of this state; (b) Processes or engages in the sale of personal data; and (c) Is not a small business as determined under the federal Small Business Act, as such act existed on Janu...	Nebraska	Neb. Rev. Stat. §§ 87-1101 to 87-1118	No numeric consumer or revenue thresholds — applies to any non-small-business that processes or sells personal data	https://referencesource.org/state-data-privacy-applicability-thresholds/nebraska/	null
control or process the personal data of at least 100,000 consumers, excluding personal data processed solely for the purpose of completing a payment transaction	control or process the personal data of at least 25,000 consumers and the controller derives revenue, or receives a discount on the price of any goods or services, from the sale of personal data	[ "state" ]	January 15, 2025	Attorney General (Division of Consumer Affairs); violations treated as unlawful practices under the Consumer Fraud Act; no private right of action for data privacy violations specifically	new-jersey	HIPAA-covered entities and business associates; GLBA-regulated financial institutions and affiliates; secondary market institutions; insurance institutions; NJ Motor Vehicle Commission data sales under DPPA	New Jersey Data Privacy Act (NJDPA)	New Jersey is notable for not exempting nonprofit organizations — one of the few states where nonprofits must comply. Like Colorado, NJ does not specify a minimum percentage of revenue from data sales — any revenue or discount from selling data combined with 25,000+ consumers triggers the law.	null	https://pub.njleg.state.nj.us/Bills/2022/S0500/332_R5.PDF	that during a calendar 44 year either: 45 a. control or process the personal data of at least 100,000 46 consumers, excluding personal data processed solely for the 47 purpose of completing a payment transaction; or S332 [5R] SINGLETON, CODEY 12 1 b. control or process the personal data of at least 25,000 2 consumers a...	New Jersey	N.J. Stat. Ann. § 56:8-166.1 et seq.	OR — during a calendar year either threshold is met	https://referencesource.org/state-data-privacy-applicability-thresholds/new-jersey/	[ "consumer_volume_threshold", "data_sales_revenue_threshold", "threshold_logic" ]
The personal data of 100,000 or more consumers, other than personal data controlled or processed solely for the purpose of completing a payment transaction	The personal data of 25,000 or more consumers, while deriving 25 percent or more of the person's annual gross revenue from selling personal data	[ "state" ]	July 1, 2024	Attorney General; exclusive authority; civil penalty; no private right of action	oregon	Public corporations and public bodies; HIPAA-covered entities; nonprofit organizations (exempt until July 1, 2025)	Oregon Consumer Privacy Act (OCPA)	Oregon does not exclude payment-only data processing from the data-sales threshold — only from the volume threshold. As of the 2025 amendments, the law also applies to motor vehicle manufacturers regardless of consumer volume thresholds. Oregon had the latest nonprofit exemption expiration (July 1, 2025) and includes a...	null	https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/bills_laws/ors/ors646a.html	�� (20) �Third party� means a person, a public corporation, including the Oregon Health and Science University and the Oregon State Bar, or a public body, as defined in ORS 174.109, other than a consumer, a controller, a processor or an affiliate of a controller or processor. [2023 c.369 �1] �� 646A.572 Scope and...	Oregon	Or. Rev. Stat. §§ 646A.570 to 646A.589	OR — during a calendar year, controls or processes either threshold	https://referencesource.org/state-data-privacy-applicability-thresholds/oregon/	[ "consumer_volume_threshold" ]
Controlled or processed the personal data of not less than thirty-five thousand (35,000) customers, excluding personal data controlled or processed solely for the purpose of completing a payment transaction	Controlled or processed the personal data of not less than ten thousand (10,000) customers and derived more than twenty percent (20%) of their gross revenue from the sale of personal data	[ "state" ]	January 1, 2026	Attorney General; no private right of action	rhode-island	State and political subdivision bodies; nonprofit organizations; institutions of higher education; GLBA-regulated financial institutions; HIPAA-covered entities and business associates; national securities associations	Rhode Island Data Transparency and Privacy Protection Act (RIDTPPA)	Rhode Island uses the term 'customer' rather than 'consumer.' The thresholds (35,000 customers or 10,000 + 20% revenue) are identical to Delaware's and among the lowest in the country. The law applies only to for-profit entities.	null	https://webserver.rilegislature.gov/Statutes/TITLE6/6-48.1/6-48.1-4.htm	entities that conduct business in the state or for-profit entities that produce products or services that are targeted to residents of the state and that during the preceding calendar year did any of the following: (1) Controlled or processed the personal data of not less than thirty-five thousand (35,000) customers, e...	Rhode Island	R.I. Gen. Laws §§ 6-48.1-1 to 6-48.1-14	OR — during the preceding calendar year did any of the following	https://referencesource.org/state-data-privacy-applicability-thresholds/rhode-island/	[ "consumer_volume_threshold", "data_sales_revenue_threshold", "threshold_logic" ]
During a calendar year, control or process personal information of at least one hundred seventy-five thousand (175,000) consumers	Control or process personal information of at least twenty-five thousand (25,000) consumers and derive more than fifty percent (50%) of gross revenue from the sale of personal information	[ "state" ]	July 1, 2025	Attorney General; 60-day cure period; no private right of action	tennessee	State and local government entities; HIPAA-covered entities and business associates; GLBA-regulated financial institutions; nonprofit organizations; institutions of higher education	Tennessee Information Protection Act (TIPA)	Tennessee has the highest consumer volume threshold (175,000) of any state and requires both a $25M revenue floor AND volume thresholds (like Utah). This makes Tennessee's law one of the narrowest in scope. Tennessee uses the term 'personal information' rather than 'personal data.'	Exceed twenty-five million dollars ($25,000,000) in revenue	https://publications.tnsosfiles.com/acts/113/pub/pc0408.pdf	However, the Tennessee Code Commission is requested to include the headings in any compilation or publication containing this act. SECTION 6. This act takes effect July 1, 2025, the public welfare requiring it.	Tennessee	Tenn. Code Ann. § 47-18-3201 et seq.	AND — requires exceeding $25,000,000 in revenue AND one of the volume thresholds	https://referencesource.org/state-data-privacy-applicability-thresholds/tennessee/	[ "effective_date" ]
null	null	[ "state" ]	July 1, 2024	Attorney General; 30-day cure period; civil penalty up to $7,500 per violation; no private right of action	texas	Small businesses as defined by the United States Small Business Administration; state agencies and political subdivisions; GLBA-regulated financial institutions; HIPAA-covered entities and business associates; nonprofit organizations; institutions of higher education	Texas Data Privacy and Security Act (TDPSA)	Texas is unique among state privacy laws in having no specific numeric consumer or revenue thresholds. Instead, it exempts small businesses as defined by the U.S. Small Business Administration. This means the SBA size standards (which vary by industry) determine applicability rather than a fixed consumer count.	null	https://capitol.texas.gov/tlodocs/88R/billtext/pdf/HB00004F.pdf	APPLICABILITY OF CHAPTER. (a) This chapter 16 applies only to a person that: 17 (1)AAconducts business in this state or produces a 18 product or service consumed by residents of this state; 19 (2)AAprocesses or engages in the sale of personal data; 20 and 21 (3)AAis not a small business as defined by the United 22 Stat...	Texas	Tex. Bus. & Com. Code ch. 541	No numeric consumer or revenue thresholds — applies to any non-small-business that processes or sells personal data	https://referencesource.org/state-data-privacy-applicability-thresholds/texas/	null
during a calendar year, controls or processes personal data of 100,000 or more consumers	derives over 50% of the entity's gross revenue from the sale of personal data and controls or processes personal data of 25,000 or more consumers	[ "state" ]	December 31, 2023	Attorney General; 30-day cure period; no private right of action	utah	Governmental entities; tribes; institutions of higher education; nonprofit corporations; HIPAA-covered entities and business associates	Utah Consumer Privacy Act (UCPA)	Utah is the only state that requires BOTH a revenue threshold AND consumer volume — using AND logic rather than OR. A business must have $25M+ in annual revenue and also meet one of the two volume thresholds. This makes Utah's law the narrowest in scope among all state privacy laws.	has annual revenue of $25,000,000 or more	https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title13/Chapter61/C13-61_2022050420231231.pdf	This chapter applies to any controller or processor who: (a) (i) conducts business in the state; or (ii) produces a product or service that is targeted to consumers who are residents of the state; (b) has annual revenue of $25,000,000 or more; and (c) satisfies one or more of the following thresholds: (i) during a cale...	Utah	Utah Code §§ 13-61-101 to 13-61-404	AND — requires annual revenue of $25,000,000 or more AND one of the volume thresholds	https://referencesource.org/state-data-privacy-applicability-thresholds/utah/	[ "consumer_volume_threshold", "data_sales_revenue_threshold", "revenue_floor", "threshold_logic" ]
control or process personal data of at least 100,000 consumers	control or process personal data of at least 25,000 consumers and derive over 50 percent of gross revenue from the sale of personal data	[ "state" ]	January 1, 2023	Attorney General has exclusive authority to enforce; 30-day cure period; civil penalties up to $7,500 per violation; no private right of action	virginia	State and local government bodies; financial institutions or data subject to GLBA; HIPAA-covered entities and business associates; nonprofit organizations; institutions of higher education; employment data and emergency contact information	Virginia Consumer Data Protection Act (VCDPA)	Virginia's law set the template for many subsequent state privacy laws (the 'Virginia model'). No independent revenue threshold — a business with over $150 million in annual revenue is not in scope unless it also meets the consumer volume thresholds. B2B contacts and employees are excluded from consumer counts per the ...	null	https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacodefull/title59.1/chapter53/	This chapter applies to persons that conduct business in the Commonwealth or produce products or services that are targeted to residents of the Commonwealth and that (i) during a calendar year, control or process personal data of at least 100,000 consumers or (ii) control or process personal data of at least 25,000 con...	Virginia	Va. Code Ann. §§ 59.1-575 to 59.1-585	OR — applies to persons that (i) during a calendar year, control or process personal data of at least 100,000 consumers or (ii) control or process personal data of at least 25,000 consumers and derive over 50 percent of gross revenue from the sale of personal data	https://referencesource.org/state-data-privacy-applicability-thresholds/virginia/	[ "consumer_volume_threshold", "data_sales_revenue_threshold", "threshold_logic" ]

US state consumer data privacy laws: applicability thresholds by state

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Last verified: 2026-08-12
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For each US state with a comprehensive consumer data privacy law, the thresholds a business must meet for the law to apply: consumer volume (number of state residents whose data is processed), revenue from data sales (percentage of gross revenue derived from selling personal data), revenue floor (minimum annual revenue), and whether these conditions are combined with AND or OR logic — sourced from the state's own statute. Answers 'does [state]'s privacy law apply to my business', 'what are the CCPA thresholds for 2026', 'which state privacy laws have no revenue threshold', 'how many consumers triggers the Virginia privacy law', 'which states changed their privacy law thresholds in 2026' (Connecticut lowers from 100k to 35k consumers on July 1, 2026, and adds a sensitive-data trigger with no volume floor; Indiana, Kentucky, and Rhode Island took effect January 1, 2026), 'which state has the lowest privacy law threshold' (Montana: 25k consumers), and 'does Utah require both a revenue AND consumer threshold' (yes — the only state using AND logic). As of mid-2026, 20 states have comprehensive consumer privacy laws in effect. No single authority publishes the thresholds for all states — each state's statute defines its own — which is why assembled versions come from compliance-software vendors (Feroot, IAPP, MultiState, PrivacyLawMap). The thresholds spread is wide: consumer volume from 25k (Montana) to 175k (Tennessee); revenue percentage from 0% (Texas, no numeric threshold) to 50% (Virginia model); revenue floor from $0 to $26.6M (California, inflation-adjusted). The AND/OR distinction matters: most states use OR (any threshold triggers the law), while Utah requires both revenue AND consumer volume, and Connecticut (CA) requires meeting one of three distinct paths.

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