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http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Scope_modifiers
Scope modifiers
Most programming languages offer support for subroutines. When execution changes between subroutines, different sets of variables and functions ("scopes") are available to the program. Frequently these sets are defined by the placement of the variable and function declarations ("static scoping" or "lexical scoping"). T...
#PARI.2FGP
PARI/GP
procedure super; var f: boolean;   procedure nestedProcedure; var c: char; begin // here, `f`, `c`, `nestedProcedure` and `super` are available end; procedure commonTask; var f: boolean; begin // here, `super`, `commonTask` and _only_ the _local_ `f` is available end; var c: char;   procedure fooBar;...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sailors,_coconuts_and_a_monkey_problem
Sailors, coconuts and a monkey problem
Five sailors are shipwrecked on an island and collect a large pile of coconuts during the day. That night the first sailor wakes up and decides to take his first share early so tries to divide the pile of coconuts equally into five piles but finds that there is one coconut left over, so he tosses it to a monkey and th...
#D
D
  import std.stdio;   void main() { auto coconuts = 11;   outer: foreach (ns; 2..10) { int[] hidden = new int[ns]; coconuts = (coconuts / ns) * ns + 1; while (true) { auto nc = coconuts; foreach (s; 1..ns+1) { if (nc % ns == 1) { ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Secure_temporary_file
Secure temporary file
Task Create a temporary file, securely and exclusively (opening it such that there are no possible race conditions). It's fine assuming local filesystem semantics (NFS or other networking filesystems can have signficantly more complicated semantics for satisfying the "no race conditions" criteria). The function shou...
#Rust
Rust
// 202100322 Rust programming solution   use tempfile::tempfile;   fn main() {   let fh = tempfile();   println!("{:?}", fh); }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Secure_temporary_file
Secure temporary file
Task Create a temporary file, securely and exclusively (opening it such that there are no possible race conditions). It's fine assuming local filesystem semantics (NFS or other networking filesystems can have signficantly more complicated semantics for satisfying the "no race conditions" criteria). The function shou...
#Scala
Scala
import java.io.{File, FileWriter, IOException}   def writeStringToFile(file: File, data: String, appending: Boolean = false) = using(new FileWriter(file, appending))(_.write(data))   def using[A <: {def close() : Unit}, B](resource: A)(f: A => B): B = try f(resource) finally resource.close()   try { v...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Scope/Function_names_and_labels
Scope/Function names and labels
Task Explain or demonstrate the levels of visibility of function names and labels within the language. See also Variables for levels of scope relating to visibility of program variables Scope modifiers for general scope modification facilities
#Objeck
Objeck
no warnings 'redefine';   sub logger { print shift . ": Dicitur clamantis in deserto." }; # discarded   logger('A'); # can use before defined HighLander::logger('B'); # ditto, but referring to another package   package HighL...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Scope/Function_names_and_labels
Scope/Function names and labels
Task Explain or demonstrate the levels of visibility of function names and labels within the language. See also Variables for levels of scope relating to visibility of program variables Scope modifiers for general scope modification facilities
#Oforth
Oforth
no warnings 'redefine';   sub logger { print shift . ": Dicitur clamantis in deserto." }; # discarded   logger('A'); # can use before defined HighLander::logger('B'); # ditto, but referring to another package   package HighL...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Search_a_list_of_records
Search a list of records
Many programming languages provide convenient ways to look for a known value in a simple list of strings or numbers. But what if the elements of the list are themselves compound records/objects/data-structures, and the search condition is more complex than a simple equality test? Task[edit] Write a function/method/et...
#Arturo
Arturo
define :city [name population][]   records: map [ ["Lagos" 21.0] ["Cairo" 15.2] ["Kinshasa-Brazzaville" 11.3] ["Greater Johannesburg" 7.55] ["Mogadishu" 5.85] ["Khartoum-Omdurman" 4.98] ["Dar Es Salaam" 4.7] ["Alexandria" 4.58] ["Abidjan" 4.4] ["Casablanca" 3.98] ] => [to :city] ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Same_fringe
Same fringe
Write a routine that will compare the leaves ("fringe") of two binary trees to determine whether they are the same list of leaves when visited left-to-right. The structure or balance of the trees does not matter; only the number, order, and value of the leaves is important. Any solution is allowed here, but many compu...
#Bracmat
Bracmat
( ( T = . ( next = node stack rhs .  !arg:%?node ?stack & whl ' ( !node:(?node.?rhs) & !rhs !stack:?stack ) & (!node.!stack) ) & !arg:(?stackA,?stackB) & whl ' ( !stackA:~ & !s...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Same_fringe
Same fringe
Write a routine that will compare the leaves ("fringe") of two binary trees to determine whether they are the same list of leaves when visited left-to-right. The structure or balance of the trees does not matter; only the number, order, and value of the leaves is important. Any solution is allowed here, but many compu...
#C
C
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <ucontext.h>   typedef struct { ucontext_t caller, callee; char stack[8192]; void *in, *out; } co_t;   co_t * co_new(void(*f)(), void *data) { co_t * c = malloc(sizeof(*c)); getcontext(&c->callee); c->in = data;   c->callee.uc_stack.ss_sp = c->stack; c->callee.uc_...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sieve_of_Eratosthenes
Sieve of Eratosthenes
This task has been clarified. Its programming examples are in need of review to ensure that they still fit the requirements of the task. The Sieve of Eratosthenes is a simple algorithm that finds the prime numbers up to a given integer. Task Implement the   Sieve of Eratosthenes   algorithm, with the only allowed...
#M2000_Interpreter
M2000 Interpreter
  Module EratosthenesSieve (x) { \\ Κόσκινο του Ερατοσθένη If x>200000 Then Exit Dim i(x+1) k=2 k2=sqrt(x) While k<=k2 { m=k+k While m<=x { i(m)=1 m+=k } {k++:if i(k) then loop } } ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Scope_modifiers
Scope modifiers
Most programming languages offer support for subroutines. When execution changes between subroutines, different sets of variables and functions ("scopes") are available to the program. Frequently these sets are defined by the placement of the variable and function declarations ("static scoping" or "lexical scoping"). T...
#Pascal
Pascal
procedure super; var f: boolean;   procedure nestedProcedure; var c: char; begin // here, `f`, `c`, `nestedProcedure` and `super` are available end; procedure commonTask; var f: boolean; begin // here, `super`, `commonTask` and _only_ the _local_ `f` is available end; var c: char;   procedure fooBar;...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Scope_modifiers
Scope modifiers
Most programming languages offer support for subroutines. When execution changes between subroutines, different sets of variables and functions ("scopes") are available to the program. Frequently these sets are defined by the placement of the variable and function declarations ("static scoping" or "lexical scoping"). T...
#Perl
Perl
use strict; $x = 1; # Compilation error. our $y = 2; print "$y\n"; # Legal; refers to $main::y.   package Foo; our $z = 3; package Bar; print "$z\n"; # Refers to $Foo::z.
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sailors,_coconuts_and_a_monkey_problem
Sailors, coconuts and a monkey problem
Five sailors are shipwrecked on an island and collect a large pile of coconuts during the day. That night the first sailor wakes up and decides to take his first share early so tries to divide the pile of coconuts equally into five piles but finds that there is one coconut left over, so he tosses it to a monkey and th...
#Elixir
Elixir
defmodule RC do def valid?(sailor, nuts), do: valid?(sailor, nuts, sailor)   def valid?(sailor, nuts, 0), do: nuts > 0 and rem(nuts,sailor) == 0 def valid?(sailor, nuts, _) when rem(nuts,sailor)!=1, do: false def valid?(sailor, nuts, i) do valid?(sailor, nuts - div(nuts,sailor) - 1, i-1) end end   Enum.ea...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sailors,_coconuts_and_a_monkey_problem
Sailors, coconuts and a monkey problem
Five sailors are shipwrecked on an island and collect a large pile of coconuts during the day. That night the first sailor wakes up and decides to take his first share early so tries to divide the pile of coconuts equally into five piles but finds that there is one coconut left over, so he tosses it to a monkey and th...
#Forth
Forth
: total over * over 1- rot 0 ?do over over mod if dup xor swap leave else over over / 1+ rot + swap then loop drop ;   : sailors 1+ 2 ?do 1 begin i over total dup 0= while drop 1+ repeat cr i 0 .r ." : " . . loop ;   9 sailors
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Secure_temporary_file
Secure temporary file
Task Create a temporary file, securely and exclusively (opening it such that there are no possible race conditions). It's fine assuming local filesystem semantics (NFS or other networking filesystems can have signficantly more complicated semantics for satisfying the "no race conditions" criteria). The function shou...
#Sidef
Sidef
var tmpfile = require('File::Temp'); var fh = tmpfile.new(UNLINK => 0); say fh.filename; fh.print("Hello, World!\n"); fh.close;
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Secure_temporary_file
Secure temporary file
Task Create a temporary file, securely and exclusively (opening it such that there are no possible race conditions). It's fine assuming local filesystem semantics (NFS or other networking filesystems can have signficantly more complicated semantics for satisfying the "no race conditions" criteria). The function shou...
#Standard_ML
Standard ML
val filename = OS.FileSys.tmpName ();
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Secure_temporary_file
Secure temporary file
Task Create a temporary file, securely and exclusively (opening it such that there are no possible race conditions). It's fine assuming local filesystem semantics (NFS or other networking filesystems can have signficantly more complicated semantics for satisfying the "no race conditions" criteria). The function shou...
#Tcl
Tcl
set chan [file tempfile filenameVar]
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Secure_temporary_file
Secure temporary file
Task Create a temporary file, securely and exclusively (opening it such that there are no possible race conditions). It's fine assuming local filesystem semantics (NFS or other networking filesystems can have signficantly more complicated semantics for satisfying the "no race conditions" criteria). The function shou...
#TUSCRIPT
TUSCRIPT
  $$ MODE TUSCRIPT tmpfile="test.txt" ERROR/STOP CREATE (tmpfile,seq-E,-std-) text="hello world" FILE $tmpfile = text - tmpfile "test.txt" can only be accessed by one user an will be deleted upon programm termination  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Scope/Function_names_and_labels
Scope/Function names and labels
Task Explain or demonstrate the levels of visibility of function names and labels within the language. See also Variables for levels of scope relating to visibility of program variables Scope modifiers for general scope modification facilities
#Perl
Perl
no warnings 'redefine';   sub logger { print shift . ": Dicitur clamantis in deserto." }; # discarded   logger('A'); # can use before defined HighLander::logger('B'); # ditto, but referring to another package   package HighL...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Scope/Function_names_and_labels
Scope/Function names and labels
Task Explain or demonstrate the levels of visibility of function names and labels within the language. See also Variables for levels of scope relating to visibility of program variables Scope modifiers for general scope modification facilities
#Phix
Phix
  Functions are normally internal to a program. If they are at the nesting level immediately within the program, they are accessible from anywhere in the program.   Functions can also be encapsuled in a package, and the function name exported.   Functions can be compiled separately, and then linked with a program in wh...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Search_a_list_of_records
Search a list of records
Many programming languages provide convenient ways to look for a known value in a simple list of strings or numbers. But what if the elements of the list are themselves compound records/objects/data-structures, and the search condition is more complex than a simple equality test? Task[edit] Write a function/method/et...
#BASIC
BASIC
100 nc=0 110 read n$ 120 if n$="" then 160 130 read p$ 140 nc=nc+1 150 goto 110 160 restore 170 dim ci$(nc-1,1) 180 for i=0 to nc-1 190 : for j=0 to 1 200 : read ci$(i,j) 210 : next j 220 next i 230 : 240 print chr$(14);:rem text mode 250 print: print "Test 1. name='Dar Es Salaam':" 260 rem search uses query function ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Same_fringe
Same fringe
Write a routine that will compare the leaves ("fringe") of two binary trees to determine whether they are the same list of leaves when visited left-to-right. The structure or balance of the trees does not matter; only the number, order, and value of the leaves is important. Any solution is allowed here, but many compu...
#C.23
C#
  using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq;   namespace Same_Fringe { class Program { static void Main() { var rnd = new Random(110456); var randList = Enumerable.Range(0, 20).Select(i => rnd.Next(1000)).ToList(); var bt1 = new BinTree<int>(randList); // Shuffling will create ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sieve_of_Eratosthenes
Sieve of Eratosthenes
This task has been clarified. Its programming examples are in need of review to ensure that they still fit the requirements of the task. The Sieve of Eratosthenes is a simple algorithm that finds the prime numbers up to a given integer. Task Implement the   Sieve of Eratosthenes   algorithm, with the only allowed...
#M4
M4
define(`lim',100)dnl define(`for', `ifelse($#,0, ``$0'', `ifelse(eval($2<=$3),1, `pushdef(`$1',$2)$5`'popdef(`$1')$0(`$1',eval($2+$4),$3,$4,`$5')')')')dnl for(`j',2,lim,1, `ifdef(a[j], `', `j for(`k',eval(j*j),lim,j, `define(a[k],1)')')')  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Scope_modifiers
Scope modifiers
Most programming languages offer support for subroutines. When execution changes between subroutines, different sets of variables and functions ("scopes") are available to the program. Frequently these sets are defined by the placement of the variable and function declarations ("static scoping" or "lexical scoping"). T...
#Phix
Phix
forward function localf() -- not normally necesssary, but will not harm forward global function globalf() -- "" function localf() return 1 end function global function globalf() return 2 end function
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Scope_modifiers
Scope modifiers
Most programming languages offer support for subroutines. When execution changes between subroutines, different sets of variables and functions ("scopes") are available to the program. Frequently these sets are defined by the placement of the variable and function declarations ("static scoping" or "lexical scoping"). T...
#PicoLisp
PicoLisp
$a = "foo" # global scope function test { $a = "bar" # local scope Write-Host Local: $a # "bar" - local variable Write-Host Global: $global:a # "foo" - global variable }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sailors,_coconuts_and_a_monkey_problem
Sailors, coconuts and a monkey problem
Five sailors are shipwrecked on an island and collect a large pile of coconuts during the day. That night the first sailor wakes up and decides to take his first share early so tries to divide the pile of coconuts equally into five piles but finds that there is one coconut left over, so he tosses it to a monkey and th...
#FreeBASIC
FreeBASIC
  Dim As Integer cocos = 11   For ns As Integer = 2 To 9 Dim As Integer oculta(ns) cocos = Int(cocos / ns) * ns + 1 Do Dim As Integer nc = cocos For s As Integer = 1 To ns+1 If nc Mod ns = 1 Then oculta(s-1) = Int(nc / ns) nc = nc - (oculta(s-1) + ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Secure_temporary_file
Secure temporary file
Task Create a temporary file, securely and exclusively (opening it such that there are no possible race conditions). It's fine assuming local filesystem semantics (NFS or other networking filesystems can have signficantly more complicated semantics for satisfying the "no race conditions" criteria). The function shou...
#UNIX_Shell
UNIX Shell
RESTOREUMASK=$(umask) TRY=0 while :; do TRY=$(( TRY + 1 )) umask 0077 MYTMP=${TMPDIR:-/tmp}/$(basename $0).$$.$(date +%s).$TRY trap "rm -fr $MYTMP" EXIT mkdir "$MYTMP" 2>/dev/null && break done umask "$RESTOREUMASK" cd "$MYTMP" || { echo "Temporary directory failure on $MYTMP" >&2 exit 1; }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Secure_temporary_file
Secure temporary file
Task Create a temporary file, securely and exclusively (opening it such that there are no possible race conditions). It's fine assuming local filesystem semantics (NFS or other networking filesystems can have signficantly more complicated semantics for satisfying the "no race conditions" criteria). The function shou...
#Wren
Wren
import "random" for Random import "/ioutil" for File, FileUtil import "/fmt" for Fmt   var rand = Random.new()   var createTempFile = Fn.new { |lines| var tmp while (true) { // create a name which includes a random 6 digit number tmp = "/tmp/temp%(Fmt.swrite("$06d", rand.int(1e6))).tmp" ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Scope/Function_names_and_labels
Scope/Function names and labels
Task Explain or demonstrate the levels of visibility of function names and labels within the language. See also Variables for levels of scope relating to visibility of program variables Scope modifiers for general scope modification facilities
#PL.2FI
PL/I
  Functions are normally internal to a program. If they are at the nesting level immediately within the program, they are accessible from anywhere in the program.   Functions can also be encapsuled in a package, and the function name exported.   Functions can be compiled separately, and then linked with a program in wh...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Scope/Function_names_and_labels
Scope/Function names and labels
Task Explain or demonstrate the levels of visibility of function names and labels within the language. See also Variables for levels of scope relating to visibility of program variables Scope modifiers for general scope modification facilities
#PowerShell
PowerShell
  function global:Get-DependentService { Get-Service | Where-Object {$_.DependentServices} }  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Scope/Function_names_and_labels
Scope/Function names and labels
Task Explain or demonstrate the levels of visibility of function names and labels within the language. See also Variables for levels of scope relating to visibility of program variables Scope modifiers for general scope modification facilities
#Python
Python
  (define (foo x) (define (bar y) (+ x y)) (bar 2)) (foo 1) ; => 3 (bar 1) ; => error  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Scope/Function_names_and_labels
Scope/Function names and labels
Task Explain or demonstrate the levels of visibility of function names and labels within the language. See also Variables for levels of scope relating to visibility of program variables Scope modifiers for general scope modification facilities
#Racket
Racket
  (define (foo x) (define (bar y) (+ x y)) (bar 2)) (foo 1) ; => 3 (bar 1) ; => error  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Scope/Function_names_and_labels
Scope/Function names and labels
Task Explain or demonstrate the levels of visibility of function names and labels within the language. See also Variables for levels of scope relating to visibility of program variables Scope modifiers for general scope modification facilities
#Raku
Raku
CALLER # Contextual symbols in the immediate caller's lexical scope OUTER # Symbols in the next outer lexical scope UNIT # Symbols in the outermost lexical scope of compilation unit SETTING # Lexical symbols in the unit's DSL (usually CORE) PARENT # Symbols in this package's parent package (or lexical ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Search_a_list_of_records
Search a list of records
Many programming languages provide convenient ways to look for a known value in a simple list of strings or numbers. But what if the elements of the list are themselves compound records/objects/data-structures, and the search condition is more complex than a simple equality test? Task[edit] Write a function/method/et...
#C
C
  #include <stdint.h> /* intptr_t */ #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> /* bsearch */ #include <string.h> #include <search.h> /* lfind */   #define LEN(x) (sizeof(x) / sizeof(x[0]))   struct cd { char *name; double population; };   /* Return -1 if name could not be found */ int search_get_index_by_name(cons...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Same_fringe
Same fringe
Write a routine that will compare the leaves ("fringe") of two binary trees to determine whether they are the same list of leaves when visited left-to-right. The structure or balance of the trees does not matter; only the number, order, and value of the leaves is important. Any solution is allowed here, but many compu...
#C.2B.2B
C++
#include <algorithm> #include <coroutine> #include <iostream> #include <memory> #include <tuple> #include <variant>   using namespace std;   class BinaryTree { // C++ does not have a built in tree type. The binary tree is a recursive // data type that is represented by an empty tree or a node the has a value // ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sieve_of_Eratosthenes
Sieve of Eratosthenes
This task has been clarified. Its programming examples are in need of review to ensure that they still fit the requirements of the task. The Sieve of Eratosthenes is a simple algorithm that finds the prime numbers up to a given integer. Task Implement the   Sieve of Eratosthenes   algorithm, with the only allowed...
#MAD
MAD
NORMAL MODE IS INTEGER   R TO GENERATE MORE PRIMES, CHANGE BOTH THESE NUMBERS BOOLEAN PRIME DIMENSION PRIME(10000) MAXVAL = 10000 PRINT FORMAT BEGIN,MAXVAL   R ASSUME ALL ARE PRIMES AT BEGINNING THROUGH SET, FOR I=2, 1...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Scope_modifiers
Scope modifiers
Most programming languages offer support for subroutines. When execution changes between subroutines, different sets of variables and functions ("scopes") are available to the program. Frequently these sets are defined by the placement of the variable and function declarations ("static scoping" or "lexical scoping"). T...
#PowerShell
PowerShell
$a = "foo" # global scope function test { $a = "bar" # local scope Write-Host Local: $a # "bar" - local variable Write-Host Global: $global:a # "foo" - global variable }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Scope_modifiers
Scope modifiers
Most programming languages offer support for subroutines. When execution changes between subroutines, different sets of variables and functions ("scopes") are available to the program. Frequently these sets are defined by the placement of the variable and function declarations ("static scoping" or "lexical scoping"). T...
#PureBasic
PureBasic
;define a local integer variable by simply using it baseAge.i = 10 ;explicitly define local strings Define person.s = "Amy", friend.s = "Susan" ;define variables that are both accessible inside and outside procedures Global ageDiff = 3 Global extraYears = 5     Procedure test() ;define a local integer variable by sim...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sailors,_coconuts_and_a_monkey_problem
Sailors, coconuts and a monkey problem
Five sailors are shipwrecked on an island and collect a large pile of coconuts during the day. That night the first sailor wakes up and decides to take his first share early so tries to divide the pile of coconuts equally into five piles but finds that there is one coconut left over, so he tosses it to a monkey and th...
#Go
Go
package main   import "fmt"   func main() { coconuts := 11 outer: for ns := 2; ns < 10; ns++ { hidden := make([]int, ns) coconuts = (coconuts/ns)*ns + 1 for { nc := coconuts for s := 1; s <= ns; s++ { if nc%ns == 1 { hidden[s-1]...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Secure_temporary_file
Secure temporary file
Task Create a temporary file, securely and exclusively (opening it such that there are no possible race conditions). It's fine assuming local filesystem semantics (NFS or other networking filesystems can have signficantly more complicated semantics for satisfying the "no race conditions" criteria). The function shou...
#zkl
zkl
zkl: File.mktmp() File(zklTmpFile082p1V)
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Scope/Function_names_and_labels
Scope/Function names and labels
Task Explain or demonstrate the levels of visibility of function names and labels within the language. See also Variables for levels of scope relating to visibility of program variables Scope modifiers for general scope modification facilities
#REXX
REXX
/*REXX program demonstrates the use of labels and also a CALL statement. */ blarney = -0 /*just a blarney & balderdash statement*/ signal do_add /*transfer program control to a label.*/ ttt = sinD(30) ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Scope/Function_names_and_labels
Scope/Function names and labels
Task Explain or demonstrate the levels of visibility of function names and labels within the language. See also Variables for levels of scope relating to visibility of program variables Scope modifiers for general scope modification facilities
#Ring
Ring
  # Project : Scope/Function names and labels   see "What is your name?" + nl give name welcome(name)   func welcome(name) see "hello " + name + nl  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Scope/Function_names_and_labels
Scope/Function names and labels
Task Explain or demonstrate the levels of visibility of function names and labels within the language. See also Variables for levels of scope relating to visibility of program variables Scope modifiers for general scope modification facilities
#Ruby
Ruby
  def welcome(name) puts "hello #{name}" end puts "What is your name?" $name = STDIN.gets welcome($name) return
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Search_a_list_of_records
Search a list of records
Many programming languages provide convenient ways to look for a known value in a simple list of strings or numbers. But what if the elements of the list are themselves compound records/objects/data-structures, and the search condition is more complex than a simple equality test? Task[edit] Write a function/method/et...
#C.23
C#
using System; using System.Collections.Generic;   namespace RosettaSearchListofRecords { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { var dataset = new List<Dictionary<string, object>>() { new Dictionary<string, object> {{ "name" , "Lagos"}, {"po...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Safe_addition
Safe addition
Implementation of   interval arithmetic   and more generally fuzzy number arithmetic require operations that yield safe upper and lower bounds of the exact result. For example, for an addition, it is the operations   +↑   and   +↓   defined as:   a +↓ b ≤ a + b ≤ a +↑ b. Additionally it is desired that the widt...
#Ada
Ada
type Interval is record Lower : Float; Upper : Float; end record;
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Same_fringe
Same fringe
Write a routine that will compare the leaves ("fringe") of two binary trees to determine whether they are the same list of leaves when visited left-to-right. The structure or balance of the trees does not matter; only the number, order, and value of the leaves is important. Any solution is allowed here, but many compu...
#Clojure
Clojure
(defn fringe-seq [branch? children content tree] (letfn [(walk [node] (lazy-seq (if (branch? node) (if (empty? (children node)) (list (content node)) (mapcat walk (children node))) (list node))))] (walk tree)))
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sieve_of_Eratosthenes
Sieve of Eratosthenes
This task has been clarified. Its programming examples are in need of review to ensure that they still fit the requirements of the task. The Sieve of Eratosthenes is a simple algorithm that finds the prime numbers up to a given integer. Task Implement the   Sieve of Eratosthenes   algorithm, with the only allowed...
#Maple
Maple
Eratosthenes := proc(n::posint) local numbers_to_check, i, k; numbers_to_check := [seq(2 .. n)]; for i from 2 to floor(sqrt(n)) do for k from i by i while k <= n do if evalb(k <> i) then numbers_to_check[k - 1] := 0; end if; end do; end do; numbers_to_check...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Scope_modifiers
Scope modifiers
Most programming languages offer support for subroutines. When execution changes between subroutines, different sets of variables and functions ("scopes") are available to the program. Frequently these sets are defined by the placement of the variable and function declarations ("static scoping" or "lexical scoping"). T...
#Python
Python
>>> x="From global scope" >>> def outerfunc(): x = "From scope at outerfunc"   def scoped_local(): x = "scope local" return "scoped_local scope gives x = " + x print(scoped_local())   def scoped_nonlocal(): nonlocal x return "scoped_nonlocal scope gives x = " + x prin...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Scope_modifiers
Scope modifiers
Most programming languages offer support for subroutines. When execution changes between subroutines, different sets of variables and functions ("scopes") are available to the program. Frequently these sets are defined by the placement of the variable and function declarations ("static scoping" or "lexical scoping"). T...
#R
R
X <- "global x" f <- function() { x <- "local x" print(x) #"local x" } f() #prints "local x" print(x) #prints "global x"
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sailors,_coconuts_and_a_monkey_problem
Sailors, coconuts and a monkey problem
Five sailors are shipwrecked on an island and collect a large pile of coconuts during the day. That night the first sailor wakes up and decides to take his first share early so tries to divide the pile of coconuts equally into five piles but finds that there is one coconut left over, so he tosses it to a monkey and th...
#Haskell
Haskell
import Control.Monad ((>=>)) import Data.Maybe (mapMaybe) import System.Environment (getArgs)   -- Takes the number of sailors and the final number of coconuts. Returns -- Just the associated initial number of coconuts and Nothing otherwise. tryFor :: Int -> Int -> Maybe Int tryFor s = foldr (>=>) pure $ replicate s st...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Scope/Function_names_and_labels
Scope/Function names and labels
Task Explain or demonstrate the levels of visibility of function names and labels within the language. See also Variables for levels of scope relating to visibility of program variables Scope modifiers for general scope modification facilities
#Scala
Scala
object ScopeFunction extends App { val c = new C() val d = new D() val n = 1   def a() = println("calling a")   trait E { def m() = println("calling m") }   a() // OK as a is internal B.f() // OK as f is public   class C { // class level function visible everywhere, by default def g() = pr...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Scope/Function_names_and_labels
Scope/Function names and labels
Task Explain or demonstrate the levels of visibility of function names and labels within the language. See also Variables for levels of scope relating to visibility of program variables Scope modifiers for general scope modification facilities
#Sidef
Sidef
# Nested functions func outer { func inner {}; # not visible outside }   # Nested classes class Outer { class Inner {}; # not visisble outside }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Search_a_list_of_records
Search a list of records
Many programming languages provide convenient ways to look for a known value in a simple list of strings or numbers. But what if the elements of the list are themselves compound records/objects/data-structures, and the search condition is more complex than a simple equality test? Task[edit] Write a function/method/et...
#C.2B.2B
C++
#include <iostream> #include <string> #include <vector> #include <algorithm>   struct city { std::string name; float population; };   int main() { std::vector<city> cities = { { "Lagos", 21 }, { "Cairo", 15.2 }, { "Kinshasa-Brazzaville", 11.3 }, { "Greater Johannesburg", 7.55...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Safe_addition
Safe addition
Implementation of   interval arithmetic   and more generally fuzzy number arithmetic require operations that yield safe upper and lower bounds of the exact result. For example, for an addition, it is the operations   +↑   and   +↓   defined as:   a +↓ b ≤ a + b ≤ a +↑ b. Additionally it is desired that the widt...
#AutoHotkey
AutoHotkey
Msgbox % IntervalAdd(1,2) ; [2.999999,3.000001]   SetFormat, FloatFast, 0.20 Msgbox % IntervalAdd(1,2) ; [2.99999999999999910000,3.00000000000000090000]   ;In v1.0.48+, floating point variables have about 15 digits of precision internally ;unless SetFormat Float (i.e. the slow mode) is present anywhere in the script. ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Safe_addition
Safe addition
Implementation of   interval arithmetic   and more generally fuzzy number arithmetic require operations that yield safe upper and lower bounds of the exact result. For example, for an addition, it is the operations   +↑   and   +↓   defined as:   a +↓ b ≤ a + b ≤ a +↑ b. Additionally it is desired that the widt...
#C
C
#include <fenv.h> /* fegetround(), fesetround() */ #include <stdio.h> /* printf() */   /* * Calculates an interval for a + b. * interval[0] <= a + b * a + b <= interval[1] */ void safe_add(volatile double interval[2], volatile double a, volatile double b) { #pragma STDC FENV_ACCESS ON unsigned int orig;   ori...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Safe_primes_and_unsafe_primes
Safe primes and unsafe primes
Definitions   A   safe prime   is a prime   p   and where   (p-1)/2   is also prime.   The corresponding prime  (p-1)/2   is known as a   Sophie Germain   prime.   An   unsafe prime   is a prime   p   and where   (p-1)/2   isn't   a prime.   An   unsafe prime   is a prime that   isn't   a   safe   prime. Task ...
#ALGOL_68
ALGOL 68
# find and count safe and unsafe primes # # safe primes are primes p such that ( p - 1 ) / 2 is also prime # # unsafe primes are primes that are not safe # PR heap=128M PR # set heap memory size for Algol 68G # ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Same_fringe
Same fringe
Write a routine that will compare the leaves ("fringe") of two binary trees to determine whether they are the same list of leaves when visited left-to-right. The structure or balance of the trees does not matter; only the number, order, and value of the leaves is important. Any solution is allowed here, but many compu...
#D
D
struct Node(T) { T data; Node* L, R; }   bool sameFringe(T)(Node!T* t1, Node!T* t2) { T[] scan(Node!T* t) { if (!t) return []; return (!t.L && !t.R) ? [t.data] : scan(t.L) ~ scan(t.R); } return scan(t1) == scan(t2); }   void main() { import std.stdio; alias N = Node!int; ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sieve_of_Eratosthenes
Sieve of Eratosthenes
This task has been clarified. Its programming examples are in need of review to ensure that they still fit the requirements of the task. The Sieve of Eratosthenes is a simple algorithm that finds the prime numbers up to a given integer. Task Implement the   Sieve of Eratosthenes   algorithm, with the only allowed...
#Mathematica.2FWolfram_Language
Mathematica/Wolfram Language
Eratosthenes[n_] := Module[{numbers = Range[n]}, Do[If[numbers[[i]] != 0, Do[numbers[[i j]] = 0, {j, 2, n/i}]], {i, 2, Sqrt[n]}]; Select[numbers, # > 1 &]]   Eratosthenes[100]
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Scope_modifiers
Scope modifiers
Most programming languages offer support for subroutines. When execution changes between subroutines, different sets of variables and functions ("scopes") are available to the program. Frequently these sets are defined by the placement of the variable and function declarations ("static scoping" or "lexical scoping"). T...
#Racket
Racket
my $lexical-variable; our $package-variable; state $persistent-lexical; has $.public-attribute;
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Scope_modifiers
Scope modifiers
Most programming languages offer support for subroutines. When execution changes between subroutines, different sets of variables and functions ("scopes") are available to the program. Frequently these sets are defined by the placement of the variable and function declarations ("static scoping" or "lexical scoping"). T...
#Raku
Raku
my $lexical-variable; our $package-variable; state $persistent-lexical; has $.public-attribute;
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sailors,_coconuts_and_a_monkey_problem
Sailors, coconuts and a monkey problem
Five sailors are shipwrecked on an island and collect a large pile of coconuts during the day. That night the first sailor wakes up and decides to take his first share early so tries to divide the pile of coconuts equally into five piles but finds that there is one coconut left over, so he tosses it to a monkey and th...
#J
J
I.(=<.)%&5 verb def'4*(y-1)%5'^:5 i.10000 3121
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sailors,_coconuts_and_a_monkey_problem
Sailors, coconuts and a monkey problem
Five sailors are shipwrecked on an island and collect a large pile of coconuts during the day. That night the first sailor wakes up and decides to take his first share early so tries to divide the pile of coconuts equally into five piles but finds that there is one coconut left over, so he tosses it to a monkey and th...
#Java
Java
public class Test {   static boolean valid(int n, int nuts) { for (int k = n; k != 0; k--, nuts -= 1 + nuts / n) if (nuts % n != 1) return false; return nuts != 0 && (nuts % n == 0); }   public static void main(String[] args) { int x = 0; for (int ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Scope/Function_names_and_labels
Scope/Function names and labels
Task Explain or demonstrate the levels of visibility of function names and labels within the language. See also Variables for levels of scope relating to visibility of program variables Scope modifiers for general scope modification facilities
#Tcl
Tcl
doFoo 1 2 3; # Will produce an error   proc doFoo {a b c} { puts [expr {$a + $b*$c}] } doFoo 1 2 3; # Will now print 7 (and will continue to do so until doFoo is renamed or deleted
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Scope/Function_names_and_labels
Scope/Function names and labels
Task Explain or demonstrate the levels of visibility of function names and labels within the language. See also Variables for levels of scope relating to visibility of program variables Scope modifiers for general scope modification facilities
#UNIX_Shell
UNIX Shell
#!/bin/sh multiply 3 4 # This will not work echo $? # A bogus value was returned because multiply definition has not yet been run.   multiply() { return `expr $1 \* $2` # The backslash is required to suppress interpolation }   multiply 3 4 # Ok. It works now. echo $? # This gives 12
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Scope/Function_names_and_labels
Scope/Function names and labels
Task Explain or demonstrate the levels of visibility of function names and labels within the language. See also Variables for levels of scope relating to visibility of program variables Scope modifiers for general scope modification facilities
#Wren
Wren
//func.call() /* invalid, can't call func before its declared */   var func = Fn.new { System.print("func has been called.") }   func.call() // fine   //C.init() /* not OK, as C is null at this point */   class C { static init() { method() } // fine even though 'method' not yet declared static method() { Syst...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Scope/Function_names_and_labels
Scope/Function names and labels
Task Explain or demonstrate the levels of visibility of function names and labels within the language. See also Variables for levels of scope relating to visibility of program variables Scope modifiers for general scope modification facilities
#XPL0
XPL0
class C{ fcn [private] f{} }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Search_a_list_of_records
Search a list of records
Many programming languages provide convenient ways to look for a known value in a simple list of strings or numbers. But what if the elements of the list are themselves compound records/objects/data-structures, and the search condition is more complex than a simple equality test? Task[edit] Write a function/method/et...
#Clojure
Clojure
(def records [{:idx 8, :name "Abidjan",  :population 4.4} {:idx 7, :name "Alexandria",  :population 4.58} {:idx 1, :name "Cairo",  :population 15.2} {:idx 9, :name "Casablanca",  :population 3.98} {:idx 6, :name "Dar ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Safe_addition
Safe addition
Implementation of   interval arithmetic   and more generally fuzzy number arithmetic require operations that yield safe upper and lower bounds of the exact result. For example, for an addition, it is the operations   +↑   and   +↓   defined as:   a +↓ b ≤ a + b ≤ a +↑ b. Additionally it is desired that the widt...
#C.23
C#
using System;   namespace SafeAddition { class Program { static float NextUp(float d) { if (d == 0.0) return float.Epsilon; if (float.IsNaN(d) || float.IsNegativeInfinity(d) || float.IsPositiveInfinity(d)) return d;   byte[] bytes = BitConverter.GetBytes(d); i...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Safe_primes_and_unsafe_primes
Safe primes and unsafe primes
Definitions   A   safe prime   is a prime   p   and where   (p-1)/2   is also prime.   The corresponding prime  (p-1)/2   is known as a   Sophie Germain   prime.   An   unsafe prime   is a prime   p   and where   (p-1)/2   isn't   a prime.   An   unsafe prime   is a prime that   isn't   a   safe   prime. Task ...
#AppleScript
AppleScript
-- Heavy-duty Sieve of Eratosthenes handler. -- Returns a list containing either just the primes up to a given limit ('crossingsOut' = false) or, as in this task, -- both the primes and 'missing values' representing the "crossed out" non-primes ('crossingsOut' = true). on sieveForPrimes given limit:limit, crossingsOut:...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Same_fringe
Same fringe
Write a routine that will compare the leaves ("fringe") of two binary trees to determine whether they are the same list of leaves when visited left-to-right. The structure or balance of the trees does not matter; only the number, order, and value of the leaves is important. Any solution is allowed here, but many compu...
#Go
Go
package main   import "fmt"   type node struct { int left, right *node }   // function returns a channel that yields the leaves of the tree. // the channel is closed after all leaves are received. func leaves(t *node) chan int { ch := make(chan int) // recursive function to walk tree. var f func(*no...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sieve_of_Eratosthenes
Sieve of Eratosthenes
This task has been clarified. Its programming examples are in need of review to ensure that they still fit the requirements of the task. The Sieve of Eratosthenes is a simple algorithm that finds the prime numbers up to a given integer. Task Implement the   Sieve of Eratosthenes   algorithm, with the only allowed...
#MATLAB_.2F_Octave
MATLAB / Octave
function P = erato(x) % Sieve of Eratosthenes: returns all primes between 2 and x   P = [0 2:x]; % Create vector with all ints between 2 and x where % position 1 is hard-coded as 0 since 1 is not a prime.   for n = 2:sqrt(x) % All primes factors lie betwe...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Scope_modifiers
Scope modifiers
Most programming languages offer support for subroutines. When execution changes between subroutines, different sets of variables and functions ("scopes") are available to the program. Frequently these sets are defined by the placement of the variable and function declarations ("static scoping" or "lexical scoping"). T...
#REXX
REXX
/*REXX program to display scope modifiers (for subroutines/functions). */ a=1/4 b=20 c=3 d=5 call SSN_571 d**4   /* at this point, A is defined and equal to .25 */ /* at this point, B is defined and equal to 40 */ /* at this point, C is defined and equal t...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Scope_modifiers
Scope modifiers
Most programming languages offer support for subroutines. When execution changes between subroutines, different sets of variables and functions ("scopes") are available to the program. Frequently these sets are defined by the placement of the variable and function declarations ("static scoping" or "lexical scoping"). T...
#Ruby
Ruby
class Demo #public methods here   protected #protect methods here   private #private methods end
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Scope_modifiers
Scope modifiers
Most programming languages offer support for subroutines. When execution changes between subroutines, different sets of variables and functions ("scopes") are available to the program. Frequently these sets are defined by the placement of the variable and function declarations ("static scoping" or "lexical scoping"). T...
#Scala
Scala
set globalVar "This is a global variable" namespace eval nsA { variable varInA "This is a variable in nsA" } namespace eval nsB { variable varInB "This is a variable in nsB" proc showOff {varname} { set localVar "This is a local variable" global globalVar variable varInB name...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sailors,_coconuts_and_a_monkey_problem
Sailors, coconuts and a monkey problem
Five sailors are shipwrecked on an island and collect a large pile of coconuts during the day. That night the first sailor wakes up and decides to take his first share early so tries to divide the pile of coconuts equally into five piles but finds that there is one coconut left over, so he tosses it to a monkey and th...
#JavaScript
JavaScript
(function () {   // wakeSplit :: Int -> Int -> Int -> Int function wakeSplit(intNuts, intSailors, intDepth) { var nDepth = intDepth !== undefined ? intDepth : intSailors, portion = Math.floor(intNuts / intSailors), remain = intNuts % intSailors;   return 0 >= portion || r...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Scope/Function_names_and_labels
Scope/Function names and labels
Task Explain or demonstrate the levels of visibility of function names and labels within the language. See also Variables for levels of scope relating to visibility of program variables Scope modifiers for general scope modification facilities
#zkl
zkl
class C{ fcn [private] f{} }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Scope/Function_names_and_labels
Scope/Function names and labels
Task Explain or demonstrate the levels of visibility of function names and labels within the language. See also Variables for levels of scope relating to visibility of program variables Scope modifiers for general scope modification facilities
#ZX_Spectrum_Basic
ZX Spectrum Basic
9000 REM The function is immediately visible and usable 9010 DEF FN s(x)=x*x   PRINT FN s(5): REM This will work immediately GO TO 50: REM This will work immediately
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Search_a_list_of_records
Search a list of records
Many programming languages provide convenient ways to look for a known value in a simple list of strings or numbers. But what if the elements of the list are themselves compound records/objects/data-structures, and the search condition is more complex than a simple equality test? Task[edit] Write a function/method/et...
#Common_Lisp
Common Lisp
(defstruct city (name nil :type string) (population nil :type number))   (defparameter *cities* (list (make-city :name "Lagos" :population 21.0) (make-city :name "Cairo" :population 15.2) (make-city :name "Kinshasa-Brazzaville" :population 11.3) (make-city :na...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Safe_addition
Safe addition
Implementation of   interval arithmetic   and more generally fuzzy number arithmetic require operations that yield safe upper and lower bounds of the exact result. For example, for an addition, it is the operations   +↑   and   +↓   defined as:   a +↓ b ≤ a + b ≤ a +↑ b. Additionally it is desired that the widt...
#C.2B.2B
C++
#include <iostream> #include <tuple>   union conv { int i; float f; };   float nextUp(float d) { if (isnan(d) || d == -INFINITY || d == INFINITY) return d; if (d == 0.0) return FLT_EPSILON;   conv c; c.f = d; c.i++;   return c.f; }   float nextDown(float d) { if (isnan(d) || d == -IN...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Safe_addition
Safe addition
Implementation of   interval arithmetic   and more generally fuzzy number arithmetic require operations that yield safe upper and lower bounds of the exact result. For example, for an addition, it is the operations   +↑   and   +↓   defined as:   a +↓ b ≤ a + b ≤ a +↑ b. Additionally it is desired that the widt...
#D
D
import std.traits; auto safeAdd(T)(T a, T b) if (isFloatingPoint!T) { import std.math; // nexDown, nextUp import std.typecons; // tuple return tuple!("d", "u")(nextDown(a+b), nextUp(a+b)); }   import std.stdio; void main() { auto a = 1.2; auto b = 0.03;   auto r = safeAdd(a, b); writefln...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Safe_primes_and_unsafe_primes
Safe primes and unsafe primes
Definitions   A   safe prime   is a prime   p   and where   (p-1)/2   is also prime.   The corresponding prime  (p-1)/2   is known as a   Sophie Germain   prime.   An   unsafe prime   is a prime   p   and where   (p-1)/2   isn't   a prime.   An   unsafe prime   is a prime that   isn't   a   safe   prime. Task ...
#AWK
AWK
  # syntax: GAWK -f SAFE_PRIMES_AND_UNSAFE_PRIMES.AWK BEGIN { for (i=1; i<1E7; i++) { if (is_prime(i)) { arr[i] = "" } } # safe: stop1 = 35 ; stop2 = 1E6 ; stop3 = 1E7 count1 = count2 = count3 = 0 printf("The first %d safe primes:",stop1) for (i=3; count1<stop1; i+=2) { ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Same_fringe
Same fringe
Write a routine that will compare the leaves ("fringe") of two binary trees to determine whether they are the same list of leaves when visited left-to-right. The structure or balance of the trees does not matter; only the number, order, and value of the leaves is important. Any solution is allowed here, but many compu...
#Haskell
Haskell
data Tree a = Leaf a | Node (Tree a) (Tree a) deriving (Show, Eq)   fringe :: Tree a -> [a] fringe (Leaf x) = [x] fringe (Node n1 n2) = fringe n1 ++ fringe n2   sameFringe :: (Eq a) => Tree a -> Tree a -> Bool sameFringe t1 t2 = fringe t1 == fringe t2   main :: IO () main = do let a = Node (Leaf 1)...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sieve_of_Eratosthenes
Sieve of Eratosthenes
This task has been clarified. Its programming examples are in need of review to ensure that they still fit the requirements of the task. The Sieve of Eratosthenes is a simple algorithm that finds the prime numbers up to a given integer. Task Implement the   Sieve of Eratosthenes   algorithm, with the only allowed...
#Maxima
Maxima
sieve(n):=block( [a:makelist(true,n),i:1,j], a[1]:false, do ( i:i+1, unless a[i] do i:i+1, if i*i>n then return(sublist_indices(a,identity)), for j from i*i step i while j<=n do a[j]:false ) )$
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Scope_modifiers
Scope modifiers
Most programming languages offer support for subroutines. When execution changes between subroutines, different sets of variables and functions ("scopes") are available to the program. Frequently these sets are defined by the placement of the variable and function declarations ("static scoping" or "lexical scoping"). T...
#Tcl
Tcl
set globalVar "This is a global variable" namespace eval nsA { variable varInA "This is a variable in nsA" } namespace eval nsB { variable varInB "This is a variable in nsB" proc showOff {varname} { set localVar "This is a local variable" global globalVar variable varInB name...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Scope_modifiers
Scope modifiers
Most programming languages offer support for subroutines. When execution changes between subroutines, different sets of variables and functions ("scopes") are available to the program. Frequently these sets are defined by the placement of the variable and function declarations ("static scoping" or "lexical scoping"). T...
#TI-89_BASIC
TI-89 BASIC
Local x 2 → x Return x^x
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Scope_modifiers
Scope modifiers
Most programming languages offer support for subroutines. When execution changes between subroutines, different sets of variables and functions ("scopes") are available to the program. Frequently these sets are defined by the placement of the variable and function declarations ("static scoping" or "lexical scoping"). T...
#TXR
TXR
@(maybe)@# perhaps this subclause suceeds or not @ (block foo) @ (bind a "a") @ (accept foo) @(end) @(bind b "b")
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sailors,_coconuts_and_a_monkey_problem
Sailors, coconuts and a monkey problem
Five sailors are shipwrecked on an island and collect a large pile of coconuts during the day. That night the first sailor wakes up and decides to take his first share early so tries to divide the pile of coconuts equally into five piles but finds that there is one coconut left over, so he tosses it to a monkey and th...
#jq
jq
def until(cond; next): def _until: if cond then . else (next|_until) end; _until;
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sailors,_coconuts_and_a_monkey_problem
Sailors, coconuts and a monkey problem
Five sailors are shipwrecked on an island and collect a large pile of coconuts during the day. That night the first sailor wakes up and decides to take his first share early so tries to divide the pile of coconuts equally into five piles but finds that there is one coconut left over, so he tosses it to a monkey and th...
#Julia
Julia
  function validnutsforsailors(sailors, finalpile) for i in sailors:-1:1 if finalpile % sailors != 1 return false end finalpile -= Int(floor(finalpile/sailors) + 1) end (finalpile != 0) && (finalpile % sailors == 0) end   function runsim() println("Sailors Startin...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Search_a_list_of_records
Search a list of records
Many programming languages provide convenient ways to look for a known value in a simple list of strings or numbers. But what if the elements of the list are themselves compound records/objects/data-structures, and the search condition is more complex than a simple equality test? Task[edit] Write a function/method/et...
#EchoLisp
EchoLisp
  (require 'struct) (require 'json)   ;; importing data (define cities #<< [{"name":"Lagos", "population":21}, {"name":"Cairo", "population":15.2}, {"name":"Kinshasa-Brazzaville", "population":11.3}, {"name":"Greater Johannesburg", "population":7.55}, {"name":"Mogadishu", "population":5.85}, {"name":"Khartoum-Omdurman"...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Safe_addition
Safe addition
Implementation of   interval arithmetic   and more generally fuzzy number arithmetic require operations that yield safe upper and lower bounds of the exact result. For example, for an addition, it is the operations   +↑   and   +↓   defined as:   a +↓ b ≤ a + b ≤ a +↑ b. Additionally it is desired that the widt...
#E
E
def makeInterval(a :float64, b :float64) { require(a <= b) def interval { to least() { return a } to greatest() { return b } to __printOn(out) { out.print("[", a, ", ", b, "]") } to add(other) { require(a <=> b) require(other.least() <=...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Safe_addition
Safe addition
Implementation of   interval arithmetic   and more generally fuzzy number arithmetic require operations that yield safe upper and lower bounds of the exact result. For example, for an addition, it is the operations   +↑   and   +↓   defined as:   a +↓ b ≤ a + b ≤ a +↑ b. Additionally it is desired that the widt...
#Forth
Forth
c-library m s" m" add-lib \c #include <math.h> c-function fnextafter nextafter r r -- r end-c-library   s" MAX-FLOAT" environment? drop fconstant MAX-FLOAT   : fstepdown ( F: r1 -- r2 ) MAX-FLOAT fnegate fnextafter ; : fstepup ( F: r1 -- r2 ) MAX-FLOAT fnextafter ;   : savef+ ( F: r1 r2 -- r3 r4 ) \ r4 <= r1+r2 <...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Safe_addition
Safe addition
Implementation of   interval arithmetic   and more generally fuzzy number arithmetic require operations that yield safe upper and lower bounds of the exact result. For example, for an addition, it is the operations   +↑   and   +↓   defined as:   a +↓ b ≤ a + b ≤ a +↑ b. Additionally it is desired that the widt...
#Go
Go
package main   import ( "fmt" "math" )   // type requested by task type interval struct { lower, upper float64 }   // a constructor func stepAway(x float64) interval { return interval { math.Nextafter(x, math.Inf(-1)), math.Nextafter(x, math.Inf(1))} }   // function requested by task fun...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Search_a_list
Search a list
Task[edit] Find the index of a string (needle) in an indexable, ordered collection of strings (haystack). Raise an exception if the needle is missing. If there is more than one occurrence then return the smallest index to the needle. Extra credit Return the largest index to a needle that has multiple occurrences in ...
#11l
11l
V haystack = [‘Zig’, ‘Zag’, ‘Wally’, ‘Ronald’, ‘Bush’, ‘Krusty’, ‘Charlie’, ‘Bush’, ‘Bozo’]   L(needle) (‘Washington’, ‘Bush’) X.try print(haystack.index(needle)‘ ’needle) X.catch ValueError print(needle‘ is not in haystack’)
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Safe_primes_and_unsafe_primes
Safe primes and unsafe primes
Definitions   A   safe prime   is a prime   p   and where   (p-1)/2   is also prime.   The corresponding prime  (p-1)/2   is known as a   Sophie Germain   prime.   An   unsafe prime   is a prime   p   and where   (p-1)/2   isn't   a prime.   An   unsafe prime   is a prime that   isn't   a   safe   prime. Task ...
#BASIC256
BASIC256
arraybase 1 max = 1000000 sc1 = 0: usc1 = 0: sc2 = 0: usc2 = 0 safeprimes$ ="" unsafeprimes$ = ""   redim criba(max) # False = prime, True = no prime criba[0] = True criba[1] = True   for i = 4 to max step 2 criba[i] = 1 next i for i = 3 to sqr(max) +1 step 2 if criba[i] = False then for j = i * i to max step i...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Safe_primes_and_unsafe_primes
Safe primes and unsafe primes
Definitions   A   safe prime   is a prime   p   and where   (p-1)/2   is also prime.   The corresponding prime  (p-1)/2   is known as a   Sophie Germain   prime.   An   unsafe prime   is a prime   p   and where   (p-1)/2   isn't   a prime.   An   unsafe prime   is a prime that   isn't   a   safe   prime. Task ...
#C
C
#include <stdbool.h> #include <stdio.h>   int primes[] = { 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89, 97, 101, 103, 107, 109, 113, 127, 131, 137, 139, 149, 151, 157, 163, 167, 173, 179, 181, 191, 193, 197, 199, 211, 223, 227, 229, 233, 239, 241, 251, 257, 263...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Same_fringe
Same fringe
Write a routine that will compare the leaves ("fringe") of two binary trees to determine whether they are the same list of leaves when visited left-to-right. The structure or balance of the trees does not matter; only the number, order, and value of the leaves is important. Any solution is allowed here, but many compu...
#Icon_and_Unicon
Icon and Unicon
procedure main() aTree := [1, [2, [4, [7]], [5]], [3, [6, [8], [9]]]] bTree := [1, [2, [4, [7]], [5]], [3, [6, [8], [9]]]] write("aTree and bTree ",(sameFringe(aTree,bTree),"have")|"don't have", " the same leaves.") cTree := [1, [2, [4, [7]], [5]], [3, [6, [8]]]] dTree := [1, [2, [4, [7]],...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sieve_of_Eratosthenes
Sieve of Eratosthenes
This task has been clarified. Its programming examples are in need of review to ensure that they still fit the requirements of the task. The Sieve of Eratosthenes is a simple algorithm that finds the prime numbers up to a given integer. Task Implement the   Sieve of Eratosthenes   algorithm, with the only allowed...
#MAXScript
MAXScript
fn eratosthenes n = ( multiples = #() print 2 for i in 3 to n do ( if (findItem multiples i) == 0 then ( print i for j in (i * i) to n by i do ( append multiples j ) ) ) ) eratosthenes 100
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Scope_modifiers
Scope modifiers
Most programming languages offer support for subroutines. When execution changes between subroutines, different sets of variables and functions ("scopes") are available to the program. Frequently these sets are defined by the placement of the variable and function declarations ("static scoping" or "lexical scoping"). T...
#Ursala
Ursala
local_shop = 0 hidden_variable = 3   #library+   this_public_constant = local_shop a_visible_function = +   #library-   for_local_people = 7
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Scope_modifiers
Scope modifiers
Most programming languages offer support for subroutines. When execution changes between subroutines, different sets of variables and functions ("scopes") are available to the program. Frequently these sets are defined by the placement of the variable and function declarations ("static scoping" or "lexical scoping"). T...
#Wren
Wren
class MyClass { construct new(a) { _a = a // creates an instance field _a automatically } a { _a } // allow public access to the field }   var mc = MyClass.new(3) System.print(mc.a) // fine System.print(mc._a) // can't access _a directly as its private to the class
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sailors,_coconuts_and_a_monkey_problem
Sailors, coconuts and a monkey problem
Five sailors are shipwrecked on an island and collect a large pile of coconuts during the day. That night the first sailor wakes up and decides to take his first share early so tries to divide the pile of coconuts equally into five piles but finds that there is one coconut left over, so he tosses it to a monkey and th...
#Kotlin
Kotlin
// version 1.1.2   fun main(args: Array<String>) { var coconuts = 11 outer@ for (ns in 2..9) { val hidden = IntArray(ns) coconuts = (coconuts / ns) * ns + 1 while (true) { var nc = coconuts for (s in 1..ns) { if (nc % ns == 1) { ...