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isMinimal_iff_isClosed_smul_invariant [ContinuousConstSMul M α] : IsMinimal M α ↔ ∀ s : Set α, IsClosed s → (∀ c : M, c • s ⊆ s) → s = ∅ ∨ s = univ := by constructor · intro _ _ exact eq_empty_or_univ_of_smul_invariant_closed M refine fun H ↦ ⟨fun _ ↦ dense_iff_closure_eq.2 <| (H _ ?_ ?_).resolve_left ?_⟩...
theorem
Dynamics
[ "Mathlib.Topology.Algebra.ConstMulAction" ]
Mathlib/Dynamics/Minimal.lean
isMinimal_iff_isClosed_smul_invariant
null
newtonMap (x : S) : S := x - (Ring.inverse <| aeval x (derivative P)) * aeval x P
def
Dynamics
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.Polynomial.AlgebraMap", "Mathlib.Algebra.Polynomial.Identities", "Mathlib.RingTheory.Nilpotent.Lemmas", "Mathlib.RingTheory.Polynomial.Nilpotent" ]
Mathlib/Dynamics/Newton.lean
newtonMap
Given a single-variable polynomial `P` with derivative `P'`, this is the map: `x ↦ x - P(x) / P'(x)`. When `P'(x)` is not a unit we use a junk-value pattern and send `x ↦ x`.
newtonMap_apply : P.newtonMap x = x - (Ring.inverse <| aeval x (derivative P)) * (aeval x P) := rfl variable {P}
theorem
Dynamics
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.Polynomial.AlgebraMap", "Mathlib.Algebra.Polynomial.Identities", "Mathlib.RingTheory.Nilpotent.Lemmas", "Mathlib.RingTheory.Polynomial.Nilpotent" ]
Mathlib/Dynamics/Newton.lean
newtonMap_apply
null
newtonMap_apply_of_isUnit (h : IsUnit <| aeval x (derivative P)) : P.newtonMap x = x - h.unit⁻¹ * aeval x P := by simp [newtonMap_apply, Ring.inverse, h]
theorem
Dynamics
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.Polynomial.AlgebraMap", "Mathlib.Algebra.Polynomial.Identities", "Mathlib.RingTheory.Nilpotent.Lemmas", "Mathlib.RingTheory.Polynomial.Nilpotent" ]
Mathlib/Dynamics/Newton.lean
newtonMap_apply_of_isUnit
null
newtonMap_apply_of_not_isUnit (h : ¬ (IsUnit <| aeval x (derivative P))) : P.newtonMap x = x := by simp [newtonMap_apply, Ring.inverse, h]
theorem
Dynamics
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.Polynomial.AlgebraMap", "Mathlib.Algebra.Polynomial.Identities", "Mathlib.RingTheory.Nilpotent.Lemmas", "Mathlib.RingTheory.Polynomial.Nilpotent" ]
Mathlib/Dynamics/Newton.lean
newtonMap_apply_of_not_isUnit
null
isNilpotent_iterate_newtonMap_sub_of_isNilpotent (h : IsNilpotent <| aeval x P) (n : ℕ) : IsNilpotent <| P.newtonMap^[n] x - x := by induction n with | zero => simp | succ n ih => rw [iterate_succ', comp_apply, newtonMap_apply, sub_right_comm] refine (Commute.all _ _).isNilpotent_sub ih <| (Commute.al...
theorem
Dynamics
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.Polynomial.AlgebraMap", "Mathlib.Algebra.Polynomial.Identities", "Mathlib.RingTheory.Nilpotent.Lemmas", "Mathlib.RingTheory.Polynomial.Nilpotent" ]
Mathlib/Dynamics/Newton.lean
isNilpotent_iterate_newtonMap_sub_of_isNilpotent
null
isFixedPt_newtonMap_of_aeval_eq_zero (h : aeval x P = 0) : IsFixedPt P.newtonMap x := by rw [IsFixedPt, newtonMap_apply, h, mul_zero, sub_zero]
theorem
Dynamics
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.Polynomial.AlgebraMap", "Mathlib.Algebra.Polynomial.Identities", "Mathlib.RingTheory.Nilpotent.Lemmas", "Mathlib.RingTheory.Polynomial.Nilpotent" ]
Mathlib/Dynamics/Newton.lean
isFixedPt_newtonMap_of_aeval_eq_zero
null
isFixedPt_newtonMap_of_isUnit_iff (h : IsUnit <| aeval x (derivative P)) : IsFixedPt P.newtonMap x ↔ aeval x P = 0 := by rw [IsFixedPt, newtonMap_apply, sub_eq_self, Ring.inverse_mul_eq_iff_eq_mul _ _ _ h, mul_zero]
theorem
Dynamics
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.Polynomial.AlgebraMap", "Mathlib.Algebra.Polynomial.Identities", "Mathlib.RingTheory.Nilpotent.Lemmas", "Mathlib.RingTheory.Polynomial.Nilpotent" ]
Mathlib/Dynamics/Newton.lean
isFixedPt_newtonMap_of_isUnit_iff
null
aeval_pow_two_pow_dvd_aeval_iterate_newtonMap (h : IsNilpotent (aeval x P)) (h' : IsUnit (aeval x <| derivative P)) (n : ℕ) : (aeval x P) ^ (2 ^ n) ∣ aeval (P.newtonMap^[n] x) P := by induction n with | zero => simp | succ n ih => have ⟨d, hd⟩ := binomExpansion (P.map (algebraMap R S)) (P.newtonMap^[n...
theorem
Dynamics
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.Polynomial.AlgebraMap", "Mathlib.Algebra.Polynomial.Identities", "Mathlib.RingTheory.Nilpotent.Lemmas", "Mathlib.RingTheory.Polynomial.Nilpotent" ]
Mathlib/Dynamics/Newton.lean
aeval_pow_two_pow_dvd_aeval_iterate_newtonMap
This is really an auxiliary result, en route to `Polynomial.existsUnique_nilpotent_sub_and_aeval_eq_zero`.
existsUnique_nilpotent_sub_and_aeval_eq_zero (h : IsNilpotent (aeval x P)) (h' : IsUnit (aeval x <| derivative P)) : ∃! r, IsNilpotent (x - r) ∧ aeval r P = 0 := by simp_rw [(neg_sub _ x).symm, isNilpotent_neg_iff] refine existsUnique_of_exists_of_unique ?_ fun r₁ r₂ ⟨hr₁, hr₁'⟩ ⟨hr₂, hr₂'⟩ ↦ ?_ · -- Exis...
theorem
Dynamics
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.Polynomial.AlgebraMap", "Mathlib.Algebra.Polynomial.Identities", "Mathlib.RingTheory.Nilpotent.Lemmas", "Mathlib.RingTheory.Polynomial.Nilpotent" ]
Mathlib/Dynamics/Newton.lean
existsUnique_nilpotent_sub_and_aeval_eq_zero
If `x` is almost a root of `P` in the sense that `P(x)` is nilpotent (and `P'(x)` is a unit) then we may write `x` as a sum `x = n + r` where `n` is nilpotent and `r` is a root of `P`. Moreover, `n` and `r` are unique. This can be used to prove the Jordan-Chevalley decomposition of linear endomorphims.
omegaLimit [TopologicalSpace β] (f : Filter τ) (ϕ : τ → α → β) (s : Set α) : Set β := ⋂ u ∈ f, closure (image2 ϕ u s) @[inherit_doc] scoped[omegaLimit] notation "ω" => omegaLimit
def
Dynamics
[ "Mathlib.Dynamics.Flow", "Mathlib.Tactic.Monotonicity" ]
Mathlib/Dynamics/OmegaLimit.lean
omegaLimit
The ω-limit of a set `s` under `ϕ` with respect to a filter `f` is `⋂ u ∈ f, cl (ϕ u s)`.
mem_omegaLimit_iff_frequently (y : β) : y ∈ ω f ϕ s ↔ ∀ n ∈ 𝓝 y, ∃ᶠ t in f, (s ∩ ϕ t ⁻¹' n).Nonempty := by simp_rw [frequently_iff, omegaLimit_def, mem_iInter, mem_closure_iff_nhds] constructor · intro h _ hn _ hu rcases h _ hu _ hn with ⟨_, _, _, ht, _, hx, rfl⟩ exact ⟨_, ht, _, hx, by rwa [mem_prei...
theorem
Dynamics
[ "Mathlib.Dynamics.Flow", "Mathlib.Tactic.Monotonicity" ]
Mathlib/Dynamics/OmegaLimit.lean
mem_omegaLimit_iff_frequently
The ω-limit w.r.t. `Filter.atTop`. -/ scoped[omegaLimit] notation "ω⁺" => omegaLimit Filter.atTop /-- The ω-limit w.r.t. `Filter.atBot`. -/ scoped[omegaLimit] notation "ω⁻" => omegaLimit Filter.atBot variable [TopologicalSpace β] variable (f : Filter τ) (ϕ : τ → α → β) (s s₁ s₂ : Set α) /-! ### Elementary properties...
mem_omegaLimit_iff_frequently₂ (y : β) : y ∈ ω f ϕ s ↔ ∀ n ∈ 𝓝 y, ∃ᶠ t in f, (ϕ t '' s ∩ n).Nonempty := by simp_rw [mem_omegaLimit_iff_frequently, image_inter_nonempty_iff]
theorem
Dynamics
[ "Mathlib.Dynamics.Flow", "Mathlib.Tactic.Monotonicity" ]
Mathlib/Dynamics/OmegaLimit.lean
mem_omegaLimit_iff_frequently₂
An element `y` is in the ω-limit set of `s` w.r.t. `f` if the forward images of `s` frequently (w.r.t. `f`) intersect arbitrary neighbourhoods of `y`.
mem_omegaLimit_singleton_iff_map_cluster_point (x : α) (y : β) : y ∈ ω f ϕ {x} ↔ MapClusterPt y f fun t ↦ ϕ t x := by simp_rw [mem_omegaLimit_iff_frequently, mapClusterPt_iff_frequently, singleton_inter_nonempty, mem_preimage] /-!
theorem
Dynamics
[ "Mathlib.Dynamics.Flow", "Mathlib.Tactic.Monotonicity" ]
Mathlib/Dynamics/OmegaLimit.lean
mem_omegaLimit_singleton_iff_map_cluster_point
An element `y` is in the ω-limit of `x` w.r.t. `f` if the forward images of `x` frequently (w.r.t. `f`) falls within an arbitrary neighbourhood of `y`.
omegaLimit_inter : ω f ϕ (s₁ ∩ s₂) ⊆ ω f ϕ s₁ ∩ ω f ϕ s₂ := subset_inter (omegaLimit_mono_right _ _ inter_subset_left) (omegaLimit_mono_right _ _ inter_subset_right)
theorem
Dynamics
[ "Mathlib.Dynamics.Flow", "Mathlib.Tactic.Monotonicity" ]
Mathlib/Dynamics/OmegaLimit.lean
omegaLimit_inter
null
omegaLimit_iInter (p : ι → Set α) : ω f ϕ (⋂ i, p i) ⊆ ⋂ i, ω f ϕ (p i) := subset_iInter fun _i ↦ omegaLimit_mono_right _ _ (iInter_subset _ _)
theorem
Dynamics
[ "Mathlib.Dynamics.Flow", "Mathlib.Tactic.Monotonicity" ]
Mathlib/Dynamics/OmegaLimit.lean
omegaLimit_iInter
null
omegaLimit_union : ω f ϕ (s₁ ∪ s₂) = ω f ϕ s₁ ∪ ω f ϕ s₂ := by ext y; constructor · simp only [mem_union, mem_omegaLimit_iff_frequently, union_inter_distrib_right, union_nonempty, frequently_or_distrib] contrapose! simp only [not_frequently, not_nonempty_iff_eq_empty, ← subset_empty_iff] rintro ⟨⟨...
theorem
Dynamics
[ "Mathlib.Dynamics.Flow", "Mathlib.Tactic.Monotonicity" ]
Mathlib/Dynamics/OmegaLimit.lean
omegaLimit_union
null
omegaLimit_iUnion (p : ι → Set α) : ⋃ i, ω f ϕ (p i) ⊆ ω f ϕ (⋃ i, p i) := by rw [iUnion_subset_iff] exact fun i ↦ omegaLimit_mono_right _ _ (subset_iUnion _ _) /-! Different expressions for omega limits, useful for rewrites. In particular, one may restrict the intersection to sets in `f` which are subsets of some ...
theorem
Dynamics
[ "Mathlib.Dynamics.Flow", "Mathlib.Tactic.Monotonicity" ]
Mathlib/Dynamics/OmegaLimit.lean
omegaLimit_iUnion
null
omegaLimit_eq_iInter : ω f ϕ s = ⋂ u : ↥f.sets, closure (image2 ϕ u s) := biInter_eq_iInter _ _
theorem
Dynamics
[ "Mathlib.Dynamics.Flow", "Mathlib.Tactic.Monotonicity" ]
Mathlib/Dynamics/OmegaLimit.lean
omegaLimit_eq_iInter
null
omegaLimit_eq_biInter_inter {v : Set τ} (hv : v ∈ f) : ω f ϕ s = ⋂ u ∈ f, closure (image2 ϕ (u ∩ v) s) := Subset.antisymm (iInter₂_mono' fun u hu ↦ ⟨u ∩ v, inter_mem hu hv, Subset.rfl⟩) (iInter₂_mono fun _u _hu ↦ closure_mono <| image2_subset inter_subset_left Subset.rfl)
theorem
Dynamics
[ "Mathlib.Dynamics.Flow", "Mathlib.Tactic.Monotonicity" ]
Mathlib/Dynamics/OmegaLimit.lean
omegaLimit_eq_biInter_inter
null
omegaLimit_eq_iInter_inter {v : Set τ} (hv : v ∈ f) : ω f ϕ s = ⋂ u : ↥f.sets, closure (image2 ϕ (u ∩ v) s) := by rw [omegaLimit_eq_biInter_inter _ _ _ hv] apply biInter_eq_iInter
theorem
Dynamics
[ "Mathlib.Dynamics.Flow", "Mathlib.Tactic.Monotonicity" ]
Mathlib/Dynamics/OmegaLimit.lean
omegaLimit_eq_iInter_inter
null
omegaLimit_subset_closure_fw_image {u : Set τ} (hu : u ∈ f) : ω f ϕ s ⊆ closure (image2 ϕ u s) := by rw [omegaLimit_eq_iInter] intro _ hx rw [mem_iInter] at hx exact hx ⟨u, hu⟩
theorem
Dynamics
[ "Mathlib.Dynamics.Flow", "Mathlib.Tactic.Monotonicity" ]
Mathlib/Dynamics/OmegaLimit.lean
omegaLimit_subset_closure_fw_image
null
eventually_closure_subset_of_isCompact_absorbing_of_isOpen_of_omegaLimit_subset' {c : Set β} (hc₁ : IsCompact c) (hc₂ : ∃ v ∈ f, closure (image2 ϕ v s) ⊆ c) {n : Set β} (hn₁ : IsOpen n) (hn₂ : ω f ϕ s ⊆ n) : ∃ u ∈ f, closure (image2 ϕ u s) ⊆ n := by rcases hc₂ with ⟨v, hv₁, hv₂⟩ let k := closure (image2 ϕ v...
theorem
Dynamics
[ "Mathlib.Dynamics.Flow", "Mathlib.Tactic.Monotonicity" ]
Mathlib/Dynamics/OmegaLimit.lean
eventually_closure_subset_of_isCompact_absorbing_of_isOpen_of_omegaLimit_subset'
A set is eventually carried into any open neighbourhood of its ω-limit: if `c` is a compact set such that `closure {ϕ t x | t ∈ v, x ∈ s} ⊆ c` for some `v ∈ f` and `n` is an open neighbourhood of `ω f ϕ s`, then for some `u ∈ f` we have `closure {ϕ t x | t ∈ u, x ∈ s} ⊆ n`.
eventually_closure_subset_of_isCompact_absorbing_of_isOpen_of_omegaLimit_subset [T2Space β] {c : Set β} (hc₁ : IsCompact c) (hc₂ : ∀ᶠ t in f, MapsTo (ϕ t) s c) {n : Set β} (hn₁ : IsOpen n) (hn₂ : ω f ϕ s ⊆ n) : ∃ u ∈ f, closure (image2 ϕ u s) ⊆ n := eventually_closure_subset_of_isCompact_absorbing_of_isOpen_o...
theorem
Dynamics
[ "Mathlib.Dynamics.Flow", "Mathlib.Tactic.Monotonicity" ]
Mathlib/Dynamics/OmegaLimit.lean
eventually_closure_subset_of_isCompact_absorbing_of_isOpen_of_omegaLimit_subset
A set is eventually carried into any open neighbourhood of its ω-limit: if `c` is a compact set such that `closure {ϕ t x | t ∈ v, x ∈ s} ⊆ c` for some `v ∈ f` and `n` is an open neighbourhood of `ω f ϕ s`, then for some `u ∈ f` we have `closure {ϕ t x | t ∈ u, x ∈ s} ⊆ n`.
eventually_mapsTo_of_isCompact_absorbing_of_isOpen_of_omegaLimit_subset [T2Space β] {c : Set β} (hc₁ : IsCompact c) (hc₂ : ∀ᶠ t in f, MapsTo (ϕ t) s c) {n : Set β} (hn₁ : IsOpen n) (hn₂ : ω f ϕ s ⊆ n) : ∀ᶠ t in f, MapsTo (ϕ t) s n := by rcases eventually_closure_subset_of_isCompact_absorbing_of_isOpen_of_omeg...
theorem
Dynamics
[ "Mathlib.Dynamics.Flow", "Mathlib.Tactic.Monotonicity" ]
Mathlib/Dynamics/OmegaLimit.lean
eventually_mapsTo_of_isCompact_absorbing_of_isOpen_of_omegaLimit_subset
null
eventually_closure_subset_of_isOpen_of_omegaLimit_subset [CompactSpace β] {v : Set β} (hv₁ : IsOpen v) (hv₂ : ω f ϕ s ⊆ v) : ∃ u ∈ f, closure (image2 ϕ u s) ⊆ v := eventually_closure_subset_of_isCompact_absorbing_of_isOpen_of_omegaLimit_subset' _ _ _ isCompact_univ ⟨univ, univ_mem, subset_univ _⟩ hv₁ hv₂
theorem
Dynamics
[ "Mathlib.Dynamics.Flow", "Mathlib.Tactic.Monotonicity" ]
Mathlib/Dynamics/OmegaLimit.lean
eventually_closure_subset_of_isOpen_of_omegaLimit_subset
null
eventually_mapsTo_of_isOpen_of_omegaLimit_subset [CompactSpace β] {v : Set β} (hv₁ : IsOpen v) (hv₂ : ω f ϕ s ⊆ v) : ∀ᶠ t in f, MapsTo (ϕ t) s v := by rcases eventually_closure_subset_of_isOpen_of_omegaLimit_subset f ϕ s hv₁ hv₂ with ⟨u, hu_mem, hu⟩ refine mem_of_superset hu_mem fun t ht x hx ↦ ?_ exact hu (s...
theorem
Dynamics
[ "Mathlib.Dynamics.Flow", "Mathlib.Tactic.Monotonicity" ]
Mathlib/Dynamics/OmegaLimit.lean
eventually_mapsTo_of_isOpen_of_omegaLimit_subset
null
nonempty_omegaLimit_of_isCompact_absorbing [NeBot f] {c : Set β} (hc₁ : IsCompact c) (hc₂ : ∃ v ∈ f, closure (image2 ϕ v s) ⊆ c) (hs : s.Nonempty) : (ω f ϕ s).Nonempty := by rcases hc₂ with ⟨v, hv₁, hv₂⟩ rw [omegaLimit_eq_iInter_inter _ _ _ hv₁] apply IsCompact.nonempty_iInter_of_directed_nonempty_isCompact_i...
theorem
Dynamics
[ "Mathlib.Dynamics.Flow", "Mathlib.Tactic.Monotonicity" ]
Mathlib/Dynamics/OmegaLimit.lean
nonempty_omegaLimit_of_isCompact_absorbing
The ω-limit of a nonempty set w.r.t. a nontrivial filter is nonempty.
nonempty_omegaLimit [CompactSpace β] [NeBot f] (hs : s.Nonempty) : (ω f ϕ s).Nonempty := nonempty_omegaLimit_of_isCompact_absorbing _ _ _ isCompact_univ ⟨univ, univ_mem, subset_univ _⟩ hs
theorem
Dynamics
[ "Mathlib.Dynamics.Flow", "Mathlib.Tactic.Monotonicity" ]
Mathlib/Dynamics/OmegaLimit.lean
nonempty_omegaLimit
null
isInvariant_omegaLimit (hf : ∀ t, Tendsto (t + ·) f f) : IsInvariant ϕ (ω f ϕ s) := by refine fun t ↦ MapsTo.mono_right ?_ (omegaLimit_subset_of_tendsto ϕ s (hf t)) exact mapsTo_omegaLimit _ (mapsTo_id _) (fun t' x ↦ (ϕ.map_add _ _ _).symm) (continuous_const.flow ϕ continuous_id)
theorem
Dynamics
[ "Mathlib.Dynamics.Flow", "Mathlib.Tactic.Monotonicity" ]
Mathlib/Dynamics/OmegaLimit.lean
isInvariant_omegaLimit
null
omegaLimit_image_subset (t : τ) (ht : Tendsto (· + t) f f) : ω f ϕ (ϕ t '' s) ⊆ ω f ϕ s := by simp only [omegaLimit_image_eq, ← map_add] exact omegaLimit_subset_of_tendsto ϕ s ht
theorem
Dynamics
[ "Mathlib.Dynamics.Flow", "Mathlib.Tactic.Monotonicity" ]
Mathlib/Dynamics/OmegaLimit.lean
omegaLimit_image_subset
null
@[simp] omegaLimit_image_eq (hf : ∀ t, Tendsto (· + t) f f) (t : τ) : ω f ϕ (ϕ t '' s) = ω f ϕ s := Subset.antisymm (omegaLimit_image_subset _ _ _ _ (hf t)) <| calc ω f ϕ s = ω f ϕ (ϕ (-t) '' (ϕ t '' s)) := by simp [image_image, ← map_add] _ ⊆ ω f ϕ (ϕ t '' s) := omegaLimit_image_subset _ _ _ _ (hf _)
theorem
Dynamics
[ "Mathlib.Dynamics.Flow", "Mathlib.Tactic.Monotonicity" ]
Mathlib/Dynamics/OmegaLimit.lean
omegaLimit_image_eq
the ω-limit of a forward image of `s` is the same as the ω-limit of `s`.
omegaLimit_omegaLimit (hf : ∀ t, Tendsto (t + ·) f f) : ω f ϕ (ω f ϕ s) ⊆ ω f ϕ s := by simp only [subset_def, mem_omegaLimit_iff_frequently₂, frequently_iff] intro _ h rintro n hn u hu rcases mem_nhds_iff.mp hn with ⟨o, ho₁, ho₂, ho₃⟩ rcases h o (IsOpen.mem_nhds ho₂ ho₃) hu with ⟨t, _ht₁, ht₂⟩ have l₁ : (ω...
theorem
Dynamics
[ "Mathlib.Dynamics.Flow", "Mathlib.Tactic.Monotonicity" ]
Mathlib/Dynamics/OmegaLimit.lean
omegaLimit_omegaLimit
null
gal_zero_isSolvable : IsSolvable (0 : F[X]).Gal := by infer_instance
theorem
FieldTheory
[ "Mathlib.GroupTheory.Solvable", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.PolynomialGaloisGroup", "Mathlib.RingTheory.RootsOfUnity.Basic" ]
Mathlib/FieldTheory/AbelRuffini.lean
gal_zero_isSolvable
null
gal_one_isSolvable : IsSolvable (1 : F[X]).Gal := by infer_instance
theorem
FieldTheory
[ "Mathlib.GroupTheory.Solvable", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.PolynomialGaloisGroup", "Mathlib.RingTheory.RootsOfUnity.Basic" ]
Mathlib/FieldTheory/AbelRuffini.lean
gal_one_isSolvable
null
gal_C_isSolvable (x : F) : IsSolvable (C x).Gal := by infer_instance
theorem
FieldTheory
[ "Mathlib.GroupTheory.Solvable", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.PolynomialGaloisGroup", "Mathlib.RingTheory.RootsOfUnity.Basic" ]
Mathlib/FieldTheory/AbelRuffini.lean
gal_C_isSolvable
null
gal_X_isSolvable : IsSolvable (X : F[X]).Gal := by infer_instance
theorem
FieldTheory
[ "Mathlib.GroupTheory.Solvable", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.PolynomialGaloisGroup", "Mathlib.RingTheory.RootsOfUnity.Basic" ]
Mathlib/FieldTheory/AbelRuffini.lean
gal_X_isSolvable
null
gal_X_sub_C_isSolvable (x : F) : IsSolvable (X - C x).Gal := by infer_instance
theorem
FieldTheory
[ "Mathlib.GroupTheory.Solvable", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.PolynomialGaloisGroup", "Mathlib.RingTheory.RootsOfUnity.Basic" ]
Mathlib/FieldTheory/AbelRuffini.lean
gal_X_sub_C_isSolvable
null
gal_X_pow_isSolvable (n : ℕ) : IsSolvable (X ^ n : F[X]).Gal := by infer_instance
theorem
FieldTheory
[ "Mathlib.GroupTheory.Solvable", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.PolynomialGaloisGroup", "Mathlib.RingTheory.RootsOfUnity.Basic" ]
Mathlib/FieldTheory/AbelRuffini.lean
gal_X_pow_isSolvable
null
gal_mul_isSolvable {p q : F[X]} (_ : IsSolvable p.Gal) (_ : IsSolvable q.Gal) : IsSolvable (p * q).Gal := solvable_of_solvable_injective (Gal.restrictProd_injective p q)
theorem
FieldTheory
[ "Mathlib.GroupTheory.Solvable", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.PolynomialGaloisGroup", "Mathlib.RingTheory.RootsOfUnity.Basic" ]
Mathlib/FieldTheory/AbelRuffini.lean
gal_mul_isSolvable
null
gal_prod_isSolvable {s : Multiset F[X]} (hs : ∀ p ∈ s, IsSolvable (Gal p)) : IsSolvable s.prod.Gal := by apply Multiset.induction_on' s · exact gal_one_isSolvable · intro p t hps _ ht rw [Multiset.insert_eq_cons, Multiset.prod_cons] exact gal_mul_isSolvable (hs p hps) ht
theorem
FieldTheory
[ "Mathlib.GroupTheory.Solvable", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.PolynomialGaloisGroup", "Mathlib.RingTheory.RootsOfUnity.Basic" ]
Mathlib/FieldTheory/AbelRuffini.lean
gal_prod_isSolvable
null
gal_isSolvable_of_splits {p q : F[X]} (_ : Fact (p.Splits (algebraMap F q.SplittingField))) (hq : IsSolvable q.Gal) : IsSolvable p.Gal := haveI : IsSolvable (q.SplittingField ≃ₐ[F] q.SplittingField) := hq solvable_of_surjective (AlgEquiv.restrictNormalHom_surjective q.SplittingField)
theorem
FieldTheory
[ "Mathlib.GroupTheory.Solvable", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.PolynomialGaloisGroup", "Mathlib.RingTheory.RootsOfUnity.Basic" ]
Mathlib/FieldTheory/AbelRuffini.lean
gal_isSolvable_of_splits
null
gal_isSolvable_tower (p q : F[X]) (hpq : p.Splits (algebraMap F q.SplittingField)) (hp : IsSolvable p.Gal) (hq : IsSolvable (q.map (algebraMap F p.SplittingField)).Gal) : IsSolvable q.Gal := by let K := p.SplittingField let L := q.SplittingField haveI : Fact (p.Splits (algebraMap F L)) := ⟨hpq⟩ let ϕ : ...
theorem
FieldTheory
[ "Mathlib.GroupTheory.Solvable", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.PolynomialGaloisGroup", "Mathlib.RingTheory.RootsOfUnity.Basic" ]
Mathlib/FieldTheory/AbelRuffini.lean
gal_isSolvable_tower
null
gal_X_pow_sub_one_isSolvable (n : ℕ) : IsSolvable (X ^ n - 1 : F[X]).Gal := by by_cases hn : n = 0 · rw [hn, pow_zero, sub_self] exact gal_zero_isSolvable have hn' : 0 < n := pos_iff_ne_zero.mpr hn have hn'' : (X ^ n - 1 : F[X]) ≠ 0 := X_pow_sub_C_ne_zero hn' 1 apply isSolvable_of_comm intro σ τ ext a...
theorem
FieldTheory
[ "Mathlib.GroupTheory.Solvable", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.PolynomialGaloisGroup", "Mathlib.RingTheory.RootsOfUnity.Basic" ]
Mathlib/FieldTheory/AbelRuffini.lean
gal_X_pow_sub_one_isSolvable
null
gal_X_pow_sub_C_isSolvable_aux (n : ℕ) (a : F) (h : (X ^ n - 1 : F[X]).Splits (RingHom.id F)) : IsSolvable (X ^ n - C a).Gal := by by_cases ha : a = 0 · rw [ha, C_0, sub_zero] exact gal_X_pow_isSolvable n have ha' : algebraMap F (X ^ n - C a).SplittingField a ≠ 0 := mt ((injective_iff_map_eq_zero _).m...
theorem
FieldTheory
[ "Mathlib.GroupTheory.Solvable", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.PolynomialGaloisGroup", "Mathlib.RingTheory.RootsOfUnity.Basic" ]
Mathlib/FieldTheory/AbelRuffini.lean
gal_X_pow_sub_C_isSolvable_aux
null
splits_X_pow_sub_one_of_X_pow_sub_C {F : Type*} [Field F] {E : Type*} [Field E] (i : F →+* E) (n : ℕ) {a : F} (ha : a ≠ 0) (h : (X ^ n - C a).Splits i) : (X ^ n - 1 : F[X]).Splits i := by have ha' : i a ≠ 0 := mt ((injective_iff_map_eq_zero i).mp i.injective a) ha by_cases hn : n = 0 · rw [hn, pow_zero, s...
theorem
FieldTheory
[ "Mathlib.GroupTheory.Solvable", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.PolynomialGaloisGroup", "Mathlib.RingTheory.RootsOfUnity.Basic" ]
Mathlib/FieldTheory/AbelRuffini.lean
splits_X_pow_sub_one_of_X_pow_sub_C
null
gal_X_pow_sub_C_isSolvable (n : ℕ) (x : F) : IsSolvable (X ^ n - C x).Gal := by by_cases hx : x = 0 · rw [hx, C_0, sub_zero] exact gal_X_pow_isSolvable n apply gal_isSolvable_tower (X ^ n - 1) (X ^ n - C x) · exact splits_X_pow_sub_one_of_X_pow_sub_C _ n hx (SplittingField.splits _) · exact gal_X_pow_sub_...
theorem
FieldTheory
[ "Mathlib.GroupTheory.Solvable", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.PolynomialGaloisGroup", "Mathlib.RingTheory.RootsOfUnity.Basic" ]
Mathlib/FieldTheory/AbelRuffini.lean
gal_X_pow_sub_C_isSolvable
null
IsSolvableByRad : E → Prop | base (α : F) : IsSolvableByRad (algebraMap F E α) | add (α β : E) : IsSolvableByRad α → IsSolvableByRad β → IsSolvableByRad (α + β) | neg (α : E) : IsSolvableByRad α → IsSolvableByRad (-α) | mul (α β : E) : IsSolvableByRad α → IsSolvableByRad β → IsSolvableByRad (α * β) | inv (α :...
inductive
FieldTheory
[ "Mathlib.GroupTheory.Solvable", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.PolynomialGaloisGroup", "Mathlib.RingTheory.RootsOfUnity.Basic" ]
Mathlib/FieldTheory/AbelRuffini.lean
IsSolvableByRad
Inductive definition of solvable by radicals
solvableByRad : IntermediateField F E where carrier := IsSolvableByRad F zero_mem' := by change IsSolvableByRad F 0 convert IsSolvableByRad.base (E := E) (0 : F); rw [RingHom.map_zero] add_mem' := by apply IsSolvableByRad.add one_mem' := by change IsSolvableByRad F 1 convert IsSolvableByRad.base...
def
FieldTheory
[ "Mathlib.GroupTheory.Solvable", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.PolynomialGaloisGroup", "Mathlib.RingTheory.RootsOfUnity.Basic" ]
Mathlib/FieldTheory/AbelRuffini.lean
solvableByRad
The intermediate field of solvable-by-radicals elements
induction (P : solvableByRad F E → Prop) (base : ∀ α : F, P (algebraMap F (solvableByRad F E) α)) (add : ∀ α β : solvableByRad F E, P α → P β → P (α + β)) (neg : ∀ α : solvableByRad F E, P α → P (-α)) (mul : ∀ α β : solvableByRad F E, P α → P β → P (α * β)) (inv : ∀ α : solvableByRad F E, P α → P α⁻...
theorem
FieldTheory
[ "Mathlib.GroupTheory.Solvable", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.PolynomialGaloisGroup", "Mathlib.RingTheory.RootsOfUnity.Basic" ]
Mathlib/FieldTheory/AbelRuffini.lean
induction
null
isIntegral (α : solvableByRad F E) : IsIntegral F α := by revert α apply solvableByRad.induction · exact fun _ => isIntegral_algebraMap · exact fun _ _ => IsIntegral.add · exact fun _ => IsIntegral.neg · exact fun _ _ => IsIntegral.mul · intro α hα exact IsIntegral.inv hα · intro α n hn hα obtai...
theorem
FieldTheory
[ "Mathlib.GroupTheory.Solvable", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.PolynomialGaloisGroup", "Mathlib.RingTheory.RootsOfUnity.Basic" ]
Mathlib/FieldTheory/AbelRuffini.lean
isIntegral
null
P (α : solvableByRad F E) : Prop := IsSolvable (minpoly F α).Gal
def
FieldTheory
[ "Mathlib.GroupTheory.Solvable", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.PolynomialGaloisGroup", "Mathlib.RingTheory.RootsOfUnity.Basic" ]
Mathlib/FieldTheory/AbelRuffini.lean
P
The statement to be proved inductively
induction3 {α : solvableByRad F E} {n : ℕ} (hn : n ≠ 0) (hα : P (α ^ n)) : P α := by let p := minpoly F (α ^ n) have hp : p.comp (X ^ n) ≠ 0 := by intro h rcases comp_eq_zero_iff.mp h with h' | h' · exact minpoly.ne_zero (isIntegral (α ^ n)) h' · exact hn (by rw [← @natDegree_C F, ← h'.2, natDegree_...
theorem
FieldTheory
[ "Mathlib.GroupTheory.Solvable", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.PolynomialGaloisGroup", "Mathlib.RingTheory.RootsOfUnity.Basic" ]
Mathlib/FieldTheory/AbelRuffini.lean
induction3
An auxiliary induction lemma, which is generalized by `solvableByRad.isSolvable`.
induction2 {α β γ : solvableByRad F E} (hγ : γ ∈ F⟮α, β⟯) (hα : P α) (hβ : P β) : P γ := by let p := minpoly F α let q := minpoly F β have hpq := Polynomial.splits_of_splits_mul _ (mul_ne_zero (minpoly.ne_zero (isIntegral α)) (minpoly.ne_zero (isIntegral β))) (SplittingField.splits (p * q)) let f : ↥F⟮α...
theorem
FieldTheory
[ "Mathlib.GroupTheory.Solvable", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.PolynomialGaloisGroup", "Mathlib.RingTheory.RootsOfUnity.Basic" ]
Mathlib/FieldTheory/AbelRuffini.lean
induction2
An auxiliary induction lemma, which is generalized by `solvableByRad.isSolvable`.
induction1 {α β : solvableByRad F E} (hβ : β ∈ F⟮α⟯) (hα : P α) : P β := induction2 (adjoin.mono F _ _ (ge_of_eq (Set.pair_eq_singleton α)) hβ) hα hα
theorem
FieldTheory
[ "Mathlib.GroupTheory.Solvable", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.PolynomialGaloisGroup", "Mathlib.RingTheory.RootsOfUnity.Basic" ]
Mathlib/FieldTheory/AbelRuffini.lean
induction1
An auxiliary induction lemma, which is generalized by `solvableByRad.isSolvable`.
isSolvable (α : solvableByRad F E) : IsSolvable (minpoly F α).Gal := by revert α apply solvableByRad.induction · exact fun α => by rw [minpoly.eq_X_sub_C (solvableByRad F E)]; exact gal_X_sub_C_isSolvable α · exact fun α β => induction2 (add_mem (subset_adjoin F _ (Set.mem_insert α _)) (subset_adjoin F _ ...
theorem
FieldTheory
[ "Mathlib.GroupTheory.Solvable", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.PolynomialGaloisGroup", "Mathlib.RingTheory.RootsOfUnity.Basic" ]
Mathlib/FieldTheory/AbelRuffini.lean
isSolvable
null
isSolvable' {α : E} {q : F[X]} (q_irred : Irreducible q) (q_aeval : aeval α q = 0) (hα : IsSolvableByRad F α) : IsSolvable q.Gal := by have : _root_.IsSolvable (q * C q.leadingCoeff⁻¹).Gal := by rw [minpoly.eq_of_irreducible q_irred q_aeval, ← show minpoly F (⟨α, hα⟩ : solvableByRad F E) = minpoly F α f...
theorem
FieldTheory
[ "Mathlib.GroupTheory.Solvable", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.PolynomialGaloisGroup", "Mathlib.RingTheory.RootsOfUnity.Basic" ]
Mathlib/FieldTheory/AbelRuffini.lean
isSolvable'
**Abel-Ruffini Theorem** (one direction): An irreducible polynomial with an `IsSolvableByRad` root has solvable Galois group
absoluteGaloisGroup := AlgebraicClosure K ≃ₐ[K] AlgebraicClosure K local notation "G_K" => absoluteGaloisGroup
def
FieldTheory
[ "Mathlib.FieldTheory.KrullTopology", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.IsAlgClosed.AlgebraicClosure", "Mathlib.Topology.Algebra.Group.TopologicalAbelianization" ]
Mathlib/FieldTheory/AbsoluteGaloisGroup.lean
absoluteGaloisGroup
The absolute Galois group of `K`, defined as the Galois group of the field extension `K^al/K`, where `K^al` is an algebraic closure of `K`.
absoluteGaloisGroup.commutator_closure_isNormal : (commutator (G_K K)).topologicalClosure.Normal := Subgroup.is_normal_topologicalClosure (commutator (G_K K))
instance
FieldTheory
[ "Mathlib.FieldTheory.KrullTopology", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.IsAlgClosed.AlgebraicClosure", "Mathlib.Topology.Algebra.Group.TopologicalAbelianization" ]
Mathlib/FieldTheory/AbsoluteGaloisGroup.lean
absoluteGaloisGroup.commutator_closure_isNormal
`absoluteGaloisGroup` is a topological space with the Krull topology. -/ noncomputable instance : TopologicalSpace (G_K K) := krullTopology K (AlgebraicClosure K) /-! ### The topological abelianization of the absolute Galois group
absoluteGaloisGroupAbelianization := TopologicalAbelianization (G_K K) local notation "G_K_ab" => absoluteGaloisGroupAbelianization
abbrev
FieldTheory
[ "Mathlib.FieldTheory.KrullTopology", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.IsAlgClosed.AlgebraicClosure", "Mathlib.Topology.Algebra.Group.TopologicalAbelianization" ]
Mathlib/FieldTheory/AbsoluteGaloisGroup.lean
absoluteGaloisGroupAbelianization
The topological abelianization of `absoluteGaloisGroup`, that is, the quotient of `absoluteGaloisGroup` by the topological closure of its commutator subgroup.
@[stacks 09GI] algebraicClosure : IntermediateField F E := Algebra.IsAlgebraic.toIntermediateField (integralClosure F E) variable {F E}
def
FieldTheory
[ "Mathlib.FieldTheory.Normal.Closure", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.IsAlgClosed.Basic", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.IntermediateField.Algebraic" ]
Mathlib/FieldTheory/AlgebraicClosure.lean
algebraicClosure
The *relative algebraic closure* of a field `F` in a field extension `E`, also called the *maximal algebraic subextension* of `E / F`, is defined to be the subalgebra `integralClosure F E` upgraded to an intermediate field (since `F` and `E` are both fields). This is exactly the intermediate field of `E / F` consisting...
algebraicClosure_toSubalgebra : (algebraicClosure F E).toSubalgebra = integralClosure F E := rfl
theorem
FieldTheory
[ "Mathlib.FieldTheory.Normal.Closure", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.IsAlgClosed.Basic", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.IntermediateField.Algebraic" ]
Mathlib/FieldTheory/AlgebraicClosure.lean
algebraicClosure_toSubalgebra
null
mem_algebraicClosure_iff' {x : E} : x ∈ algebraicClosure F E ↔ IsIntegral F x := Iff.rfl
theorem
FieldTheory
[ "Mathlib.FieldTheory.Normal.Closure", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.IsAlgClosed.Basic", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.IntermediateField.Algebraic" ]
Mathlib/FieldTheory/AlgebraicClosure.lean
mem_algebraicClosure_iff'
An element is contained in the algebraic closure of `F` in `E` if and only if it is an integral element.
mem_algebraicClosure_iff {x : E} : x ∈ algebraicClosure F E ↔ IsAlgebraic F x := isAlgebraic_iff_isIntegral.symm
theorem
FieldTheory
[ "Mathlib.FieldTheory.Normal.Closure", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.IsAlgClosed.Basic", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.IntermediateField.Algebraic" ]
Mathlib/FieldTheory/AlgebraicClosure.lean
mem_algebraicClosure_iff
An element is contained in the algebraic closure of `F` in `E` if and only if it is an algebraic element.
map_mem_algebraicClosure_iff (i : E →ₐ[F] K) {x : E} : i x ∈ algebraicClosure F K ↔ x ∈ algebraicClosure F E := by simp_rw [mem_algebraicClosure_iff', ← minpoly.ne_zero_iff, minpoly.algHom_eq i i.injective]
theorem
FieldTheory
[ "Mathlib.FieldTheory.Normal.Closure", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.IsAlgClosed.Basic", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.IntermediateField.Algebraic" ]
Mathlib/FieldTheory/AlgebraicClosure.lean
map_mem_algebraicClosure_iff
If `i` is an `F`-algebra homomorphism from `E` to `K`, then `i x` is contained in `algebraicClosure F K` if and only if `x` is contained in `algebraicClosure F E`.
comap_eq_of_algHom (i : E →ₐ[F] K) : (algebraicClosure F K).comap i = algebraicClosure F E := by ext x exact map_mem_algebraicClosure_iff i
theorem
FieldTheory
[ "Mathlib.FieldTheory.Normal.Closure", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.IsAlgClosed.Basic", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.IntermediateField.Algebraic" ]
Mathlib/FieldTheory/AlgebraicClosure.lean
comap_eq_of_algHom
If `i` is an `F`-algebra homomorphism from `E` to `K`, then the preimage of `algebraicClosure F K` under the map `i` is equal to `algebraicClosure F E`.
map_le_of_algHom (i : E →ₐ[F] K) : (algebraicClosure F E).map i ≤ algebraicClosure F K := map_le_iff_le_comap.2 (comap_eq_of_algHom i).ge variable (F) in
theorem
FieldTheory
[ "Mathlib.FieldTheory.Normal.Closure", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.IsAlgClosed.Basic", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.IntermediateField.Algebraic" ]
Mathlib/FieldTheory/AlgebraicClosure.lean
map_le_of_algHom
If `i` is an `F`-algebra homomorphism from `E` to `K`, then the image of `algebraicClosure F E` under the map `i` is contained in `algebraicClosure F K`.
map_eq_of_algebraicClosure_eq_bot [Algebra E K] [IsScalarTower F E K] (h : algebraicClosure E K = ⊥) : (algebraicClosure F E).map (IsScalarTower.toAlgHom F E K) = algebraicClosure F K := by refine le_antisymm (map_le_of_algHom _) (fun x hx ↦ ?_) obtain ⟨y, rfl⟩ := mem_bot.1 <| h ▸ mem_algebraicClosure_iff'....
theorem
FieldTheory
[ "Mathlib.FieldTheory.Normal.Closure", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.IsAlgClosed.Basic", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.IntermediateField.Algebraic" ]
Mathlib/FieldTheory/AlgebraicClosure.lean
map_eq_of_algebraicClosure_eq_bot
If `K / E / F` is a field extension tower, such that `K / E` has no non-trivial algebraic subextensions (this means that it is purely transcendental), then the image of `algebraicClosure F E` in `K` is equal to `algebraicClosure F K`.
map_eq_of_algEquiv (i : E ≃ₐ[F] K) : (algebraicClosure F E).map i = algebraicClosure F K := (map_le_of_algHom i.toAlgHom).antisymm (fun x h ↦ ⟨_, (map_mem_algebraicClosure_iff i.symm).2 h, by simp⟩)
theorem
FieldTheory
[ "Mathlib.FieldTheory.Normal.Closure", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.IsAlgClosed.Basic", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.IntermediateField.Algebraic" ]
Mathlib/FieldTheory/AlgebraicClosure.lean
map_eq_of_algEquiv
If `i` is an `F`-algebra isomorphism of `E` and `K`, then the image of `algebraicClosure F E` under the map `i` is equal to `algebraicClosure F K`.
algEquivOfAlgEquiv (i : E ≃ₐ[F] K) : algebraicClosure F E ≃ₐ[F] algebraicClosure F K := (intermediateFieldMap i _).trans (equivOfEq (map_eq_of_algEquiv i)) alias _root_.AlgEquiv.algebraicClosure := algEquivOfAlgEquiv variable (F E K)
def
FieldTheory
[ "Mathlib.FieldTheory.Normal.Closure", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.IsAlgClosed.Basic", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.IntermediateField.Algebraic" ]
Mathlib/FieldTheory/AlgebraicClosure.lean
algEquivOfAlgEquiv
If `E` and `K` are isomorphic as `F`-algebras, then `algebraicClosure F E` and `algebraicClosure F K` are also isomorphic as `F`-algebras.
isAlgebraic : Algebra.IsAlgebraic F (algebraicClosure F E) := ⟨fun x ↦ isAlgebraic_iff.mpr x.2.isAlgebraic⟩
instance
FieldTheory
[ "Mathlib.FieldTheory.Normal.Closure", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.IsAlgClosed.Basic", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.IntermediateField.Algebraic" ]
Mathlib/FieldTheory/AlgebraicClosure.lean
isAlgebraic
The algebraic closure of `F` in `E` is algebraic over `F`.
isIntegralClosure : IsIntegralClosure (algebraicClosure F E) F E := inferInstanceAs (IsIntegralClosure (integralClosure F E) F E)
instance
FieldTheory
[ "Mathlib.FieldTheory.Normal.Closure", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.IsAlgClosed.Basic", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.IntermediateField.Algebraic" ]
Mathlib/FieldTheory/AlgebraicClosure.lean
isIntegralClosure
The algebraic closure of `F` in `E` is the integral closure of `F` in `E`.
protected Transcendental.algebraicClosure {a : E} (ha : Transcendental F a) : Transcendental (algebraicClosure F E) a := ha.extendScalars _ variable (F E K)
theorem
FieldTheory
[ "Mathlib.FieldTheory.Normal.Closure", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.IsAlgClosed.Basic", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.IntermediateField.Algebraic" ]
Mathlib/FieldTheory/AlgebraicClosure.lean
Transcendental.algebraicClosure
null
le_algebraicClosure' {L : IntermediateField F E} (hs : ∀ x : L, IsAlgebraic F x) : L ≤ algebraicClosure F E := fun x h ↦ by simpa only [mem_algebraicClosure_iff, IsAlgebraic, ne_eq, ← aeval_algebraMap_eq_zero_iff E, Algebra.algebraMap_self, RingHom.id_apply, IntermediateField.algebraMap_apply] using hs ⟨x, h⟩
theorem
FieldTheory
[ "Mathlib.FieldTheory.Normal.Closure", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.IsAlgClosed.Basic", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.IntermediateField.Algebraic" ]
Mathlib/FieldTheory/AlgebraicClosure.lean
le_algebraicClosure'
An intermediate field of `E / F` is contained in the algebraic closure of `F` in `E` if all of its elements are algebraic over `F`.
le_algebraicClosure (L : IntermediateField F E) [Algebra.IsAlgebraic F L] : L ≤ algebraicClosure F E := le_algebraicClosure' F E (Algebra.IsAlgebraic.isAlgebraic)
theorem
FieldTheory
[ "Mathlib.FieldTheory.Normal.Closure", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.IsAlgClosed.Basic", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.IntermediateField.Algebraic" ]
Mathlib/FieldTheory/AlgebraicClosure.lean
le_algebraicClosure
An intermediate field of `E / F` is contained in the algebraic closure of `F` in `E` if it is algebraic over `F`.
le_algebraicClosure_iff (L : IntermediateField F E) : L ≤ algebraicClosure F E ↔ Algebra.IsAlgebraic F L := ⟨fun h ↦ ⟨fun x ↦ by simpa only [IsAlgebraic, ne_eq, ← aeval_algebraMap_eq_zero_iff E, IntermediateField.algebraMap_apply, Algebra.algebraMap_self, RingHomCompTriple.comp_apply, mem_algebraicClosure...
theorem
FieldTheory
[ "Mathlib.FieldTheory.Normal.Closure", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.IsAlgClosed.Basic", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.IntermediateField.Algebraic" ]
Mathlib/FieldTheory/AlgebraicClosure.lean
le_algebraicClosure_iff
An intermediate field of `E / F` is contained in the algebraic closure of `F` in `E` if and only if it is algebraic over `F`.
algebraicClosure_eq_bot : algebraicClosure (algebraicClosure F E) E = ⊥ := bot_unique fun x hx ↦ mem_bot.2 ⟨⟨x, isIntegral_trans x (mem_algebraicClosure_iff'.1 hx)⟩, rfl⟩
theorem
FieldTheory
[ "Mathlib.FieldTheory.Normal.Closure", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.IsAlgClosed.Basic", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.IntermediateField.Algebraic" ]
Mathlib/FieldTheory/AlgebraicClosure.lean
algebraicClosure_eq_bot
The algebraic closure in `E` of the algebraic closure of `F` in `E` is equal to itself.
normalClosure_eq_self : normalClosure F (algebraicClosure F E) E = algebraicClosure F E := le_antisymm (normalClosure_le_iff.2 fun i ↦ haveI : Algebra.IsAlgebraic F i.fieldRange := (AlgEquiv.ofInjectiveField i).isAlgebraic le_algebraicClosure F E _) (le_normalClosure _)
theorem
FieldTheory
[ "Mathlib.FieldTheory.Normal.Closure", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.IsAlgClosed.Basic", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.IntermediateField.Algebraic" ]
Mathlib/FieldTheory/AlgebraicClosure.lean
normalClosure_eq_self
The normal closure in `E/F` of the algebraic closure of `F` in `E` is equal to itself.
IsAlgClosed.algebraicClosure_eq_bot_iff [IsAlgClosed E] : algebraicClosure F E = ⊥ ↔ IsAlgClosed F := by refine ⟨fun h ↦ IsAlgClosed.of_exists_root _ fun p hmon hirr ↦ ?_, fun _ ↦ IntermediateField.eq_bot_of_isAlgClosed_of_isAlgebraic _⟩ obtain ⟨x, hx⟩ := IsAlgClosed.exists_aeval_eq_zero E p (degree_pos_of_...
theorem
FieldTheory
[ "Mathlib.FieldTheory.Normal.Closure", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.IsAlgClosed.Basic", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.IntermediateField.Algebraic" ]
Mathlib/FieldTheory/AlgebraicClosure.lean
IsAlgClosed.algebraicClosure_eq_bot_iff
If `E / F` is a field extension and `E` is algebraically closed, then the algebraic closure of `F` in `E` is equal to `F` if and only if `F` is algebraically closed.
IntermediateField.isAlgebraic_adjoin_iff_isAlgebraic {S : Set E} : Algebra.IsAlgebraic F (adjoin F S) ↔ ∀ x ∈ S, IsAlgebraic F x := ((le_algebraicClosure_iff F E _).symm.trans (adjoin_le_iff.trans <| forall_congr' <| fun _ => Iff.imp Iff.rfl mem_algebraicClosure_iff))
theorem
FieldTheory
[ "Mathlib.FieldTheory.Normal.Closure", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.IsAlgClosed.Basic", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.IntermediateField.Algebraic" ]
Mathlib/FieldTheory/AlgebraicClosure.lean
IntermediateField.isAlgebraic_adjoin_iff_isAlgebraic
`F(S) / F` is a algebraic extension if and only if all elements of `S` are algebraic elements.
isAlgClosure [IsAlgClosed E] : IsAlgClosure F (algebraicClosure F E) := ⟨(IsAlgClosed.algebraicClosure_eq_bot_iff _ E).mp (algebraicClosure_eq_bot F E), isAlgebraic F E⟩
instance
FieldTheory
[ "Mathlib.FieldTheory.Normal.Closure", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.IsAlgClosed.Basic", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.IntermediateField.Algebraic" ]
Mathlib/FieldTheory/AlgebraicClosure.lean
isAlgClosure
If `E` is algebraically closed, then the algebraic closure of `F` in `E` is an absolute algebraic closure of `F`.
eq_top_iff : algebraicClosure F E = ⊤ ↔ Algebra.IsAlgebraic F E := ⟨fun h ↦ ⟨fun _ ↦ mem_algebraicClosure_iff.1 (h ▸ mem_top)⟩, fun _ ↦ top_unique fun x _ ↦ mem_algebraicClosure_iff.2 (Algebra.IsAlgebraic.isAlgebraic x)⟩
theorem
FieldTheory
[ "Mathlib.FieldTheory.Normal.Closure", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.IsAlgClosed.Basic", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.IntermediateField.Algebraic" ]
Mathlib/FieldTheory/AlgebraicClosure.lean
eq_top_iff
The algebraic closure of `F` in `E` is equal to `E` if and only if `E / F` is algebraic.
le_restrictScalars [Algebra E K] [IsScalarTower F E K] : algebraicClosure F K ≤ (algebraicClosure E K).restrictScalars F := fun _ h ↦ mem_algebraicClosure_iff.2 <| IsAlgebraic.tower_top E (mem_algebraicClosure_iff.1 h)
theorem
FieldTheory
[ "Mathlib.FieldTheory.Normal.Closure", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.IsAlgClosed.Basic", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.IntermediateField.Algebraic" ]
Mathlib/FieldTheory/AlgebraicClosure.lean
le_restrictScalars
If `K / E / F` is a field extension tower, then `algebraicClosure F K` is contained in `algebraicClosure E K`.
eq_restrictScalars_of_isAlgebraic [Algebra E K] [IsScalarTower F E K] [Algebra.IsAlgebraic F E] : algebraicClosure F K = (algebraicClosure E K).restrictScalars F := (algebraicClosure.le_restrictScalars F E K).antisymm fun _ h ↦ isIntegral_trans _ h
theorem
FieldTheory
[ "Mathlib.FieldTheory.Normal.Closure", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.IsAlgClosed.Basic", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.IntermediateField.Algebraic" ]
Mathlib/FieldTheory/AlgebraicClosure.lean
eq_restrictScalars_of_isAlgebraic
If `K / E / F` is a field extension tower, such that `E / F` is algebraic, then `algebraicClosure F K` is equal to `algebraicClosure E K`.
adjoin_le [Algebra E K] [IsScalarTower F E K] : adjoin E (algebraicClosure F K) ≤ algebraicClosure E K := adjoin_le_iff.2 <| le_restrictScalars F E K
theorem
FieldTheory
[ "Mathlib.FieldTheory.Normal.Closure", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.IsAlgClosed.Basic", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.IntermediateField.Algebraic" ]
Mathlib/FieldTheory/AlgebraicClosure.lean
adjoin_le
If `K / E / F` is a field extension tower, then `E` adjoin `algebraicClosure F K` is contained in `algebraicClosure E K`.
Splits.algebraicClosure {p : F[X]} (h : p.Splits (algebraMap F E)) : p.Splits (algebraMap F (algebraicClosure F E)) := splits_of_splits h fun _ hx ↦ (isAlgebraic_of_mem_rootSet hx).isIntegral
theorem
FieldTheory
[ "Mathlib.FieldTheory.Normal.Closure", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.IsAlgClosed.Basic", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.IntermediateField.Algebraic" ]
Mathlib/FieldTheory/AlgebraicClosure.lean
Splits.algebraicClosure
Let `E / F` be a field extension. If a polynomial `p` splits in `E`, then it splits in the relative algebraic closure of `F` in `E` already.
ax_grothendieck_of_locally_finite {ι K R : Type*} [Field K] [Finite K] [CommRing R] [Finite ι] [Algebra K R] [alg : Algebra.IsAlgebraic K R] (ps : ι → MvPolynomial ι R) (S : Set (ι → R)) (hm : S.MapsTo (fun v i => eval v (ps i)) S) (hinj : S.InjOn (fun v i => eval v (ps i))) : S.SurjOn (fun v i => e...
theorem
FieldTheory
[ "Mathlib.RingTheory.Algebraic.Basic", "Mathlib.Data.Fintype.Pigeonhole", "Mathlib.ModelTheory.Algebra.Field.IsAlgClosed", "Mathlib.ModelTheory.Algebra.Ring.Definability", "Mathlib.RingTheory.Polynomial.Basic" ]
Mathlib/FieldTheory/AxGrothendieck.lean
ax_grothendieck_of_locally_finite
Any injective polynomial map over an algebraic extension of a finite field is surjective.
noncomputable genericPolyMapSurjOnOfInjOn [Finite ι] (φ : ring.Formula (α ⊕ ι)) (mons : ι → Finset (ι →₀ ℕ)) : Language.ring.Sentence := let l1 : ι → Language.ring.Formula ((Σ i : ι, mons i) ⊕ (Fin 2 × ι)) := fun i => (termOfFreeCommRing (genericPolyMap mons i)).relabel (Sum.inl ∘ Sum.map id...
def
FieldTheory
[ "Mathlib.RingTheory.Algebraic.Basic", "Mathlib.Data.Fintype.Pigeonhole", "Mathlib.ModelTheory.Algebra.Field.IsAlgClosed", "Mathlib.ModelTheory.Algebra.Ring.Definability", "Mathlib.RingTheory.Polynomial.Basic" ]
Mathlib/FieldTheory/AxGrothendieck.lean
genericPolyMapSurjOnOfInjOn
The collection of first-order formulas corresponding to the Ax-Grothendieck theorem.
realize_genericPolyMapSurjOnOfInjOn [Finite ι] (φ : ring.Formula (α ⊕ ι)) (mons : ι → Finset (ι →₀ ℕ)) : (K ⊨ genericPolyMapSurjOnOfInjOn φ mons) ↔ ∀ (v : α → K) (p : { p : ι → MvPolynomial ι K // (∀ i, (p i).support ⊆ mons i) }), let f : (ι → K) → (ι → K) := fun v i => eval v (p.1 i) let ...
theorem
FieldTheory
[ "Mathlib.RingTheory.Algebraic.Basic", "Mathlib.Data.Fintype.Pigeonhole", "Mathlib.ModelTheory.Algebra.Field.IsAlgClosed", "Mathlib.ModelTheory.Algebra.Ring.Definability", "Mathlib.RingTheory.Polynomial.Basic" ]
Mathlib/FieldTheory/AxGrothendieck.lean
realize_genericPolyMapSurjOnOfInjOn
null
ACF_models_genericPolyMapSurjOnOfInjOn_of_prime [Finite ι] {p : ℕ} (hp : p.Prime) (φ : ring.Formula (α ⊕ ι)) (mons : ι → Finset (ι →₀ ℕ)) : Theory.ACF p ⊨ᵇ genericPolyMapSurjOnOfInjOn φ mons := by classical have : Fact p.Prime := ⟨hp⟩ letI := compatibleRingOfRing (AlgebraicClosure (ZMod p)) rw [← (ACF_i...
theorem
FieldTheory
[ "Mathlib.RingTheory.Algebraic.Basic", "Mathlib.Data.Fintype.Pigeonhole", "Mathlib.ModelTheory.Algebra.Field.IsAlgClosed", "Mathlib.ModelTheory.Algebra.Ring.Definability", "Mathlib.RingTheory.Polynomial.Basic" ]
Mathlib/FieldTheory/AxGrothendieck.lean
ACF_models_genericPolyMapSurjOnOfInjOn_of_prime
null
ACF_models_genericPolyMapSurjOnOfInjOn_of_prime_or_zero [Finite ι] {p : ℕ} (hp : p.Prime ∨ p = 0) (φ : ring.Formula (α ⊕ ι)) (mons : ι → Finset (ι →₀ ℕ)) : Theory.ACF p ⊨ᵇ genericPolyMapSurjOnOfInjOn φ mons := by rcases hp with hp | rfl · exact ACF_models_genericPolyMapSurjOnOfInjOn_of_prime hp φ mons ...
theorem
FieldTheory
[ "Mathlib.RingTheory.Algebraic.Basic", "Mathlib.Data.Fintype.Pigeonhole", "Mathlib.ModelTheory.Algebra.Field.IsAlgClosed", "Mathlib.ModelTheory.Algebra.Ring.Definability", "Mathlib.RingTheory.Polynomial.Basic" ]
Mathlib/FieldTheory/AxGrothendieck.lean
ACF_models_genericPolyMapSurjOnOfInjOn_of_prime_or_zero
null
ax_grothendieck_of_definable [CompatibleRing K] {c : Set K} (S : Set (ι → K)) (hS : c.Definable Language.ring S) (ps : ι → MvPolynomial ι K) : S.MapsTo (fun v i => eval v (ps i)) S → S.InjOn (fun v i => eval v (ps i)) → S.SurjOn (fun v i => eval v (ps i)) S := by letI := Fintype.ofFinite ι let p...
theorem
FieldTheory
[ "Mathlib.RingTheory.Algebraic.Basic", "Mathlib.Data.Fintype.Pigeonhole", "Mathlib.ModelTheory.Algebra.Field.IsAlgClosed", "Mathlib.ModelTheory.Algebra.Ring.Definability", "Mathlib.RingTheory.Polynomial.Basic" ]
Mathlib/FieldTheory/AxGrothendieck.lean
ax_grothendieck_of_definable
A slight generalization of the **Ax-Grothendieck** theorem If `K` is an algebraically closed field, `ι` is a finite type, and `S` is a definable subset of `ι → K`, then any injective polynomial map `S → S` is also surjective on `S`.
ax_grothendieck_zeroLocus (I : Ideal (MvPolynomial ι K)) (p : ι → MvPolynomial ι K) : let S := zeroLocus K I S.MapsTo (fun v i => eval v (p i)) S → S.InjOn (fun v i => eval v (p i)) → S.SurjOn (fun v i => eval v (p i)) S := by letI := compatibleRingOfRing K intro S obtain ⟨s, rfl⟩ : I.FG :...
theorem
FieldTheory
[ "Mathlib.RingTheory.Algebraic.Basic", "Mathlib.Data.Fintype.Pigeonhole", "Mathlib.ModelTheory.Algebra.Field.IsAlgClosed", "Mathlib.ModelTheory.Algebra.Ring.Definability", "Mathlib.RingTheory.Polynomial.Basic" ]
Mathlib/FieldTheory/AxGrothendieck.lean
ax_grothendieck_zeroLocus
The **Ax-Grothendieck** theorem If `K` is an algebraically closed field, and `S : Set (ι → K)` is the `zeroLocus` of an ideal of the multivariable polynomial ring, then any injective polynomial map `S → S` is also surjective on `S`.
ax_grothendieck_univ (p : ι → MvPolynomial ι K) : (fun v i => eval v (p i)).Injective → (fun v i => eval v (p i)).Surjective := by simpa [Set.injective_iff_injOn_univ, Set.surjective_iff_surjOn_univ] using ax_grothendieck_zeroLocus 0 p
theorem
FieldTheory
[ "Mathlib.RingTheory.Algebraic.Basic", "Mathlib.Data.Fintype.Pigeonhole", "Mathlib.ModelTheory.Algebra.Field.IsAlgClosed", "Mathlib.ModelTheory.Algebra.Ring.Definability", "Mathlib.RingTheory.Polynomial.Basic" ]
Mathlib/FieldTheory/AxGrothendieck.lean
ax_grothendieck_univ
A special case of the **Ax-Grothendieck** theorem Any injective polynomial map `K^n → K^n` is also surjective if `K` is an algebraically closed field.
wellOrderedBasis : Basis ι F E := (chooseBasis F E).reindex (Cardinal.eq.mp <| (mk_ord_toType _).trans <| rank_eq_card_chooseBasisIndex F E).some.symm local notation "b" => wellOrderedBasis F E local notation "Ē" => AlgebraicClosure E variable {F E}
def
FieldTheory
[ "Mathlib.FieldTheory.SeparableClosure", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.PurelyInseparable.Basic", "Mathlib.LinearAlgebra.FreeAlgebra", "Mathlib.Order.Interval.Set.WithBotTop", "Mathlib.Order.DirectedInverseSystem" ]
Mathlib/FieldTheory/CardinalEmb.lean
wellOrderedBasis
Index a basis of E/F using the initial ordinal of the cardinal `Module.rank F E`. -/ local notation "ι" => (Module.rank F E).ord.toType private local instance : SuccOrder ι := SuccOrder.ofLinearWellFoundedLT ι local notation i"⁺" => succ i -- Note: conflicts with `PosPart` notation /-- A basis of E/F indexed by the i...
adjoin_basis_eq_top : adjoin F (range b) = ⊤ := toSubalgebra_injective <| Subalgebra.toSubmodule_injective <| top_unique <| (Basis.span_eq b).ge.trans <| (Algebra.span_le_adjoin F _).trans <| algebra_adjoin_le_adjoin _ _
theorem
FieldTheory
[ "Mathlib.FieldTheory.SeparableClosure", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.PurelyInseparable.Basic", "Mathlib.LinearAlgebra.FreeAlgebra", "Mathlib.Order.Interval.Set.WithBotTop", "Mathlib.Order.DirectedInverseSystem" ]
Mathlib/FieldTheory/CardinalEmb.lean
adjoin_basis_eq_top
null
noMaxOrder_rank_toType : NoMaxOrder ι := Cardinal.noMaxOrder Fact.out attribute [local instance] noMaxOrder_rank_toType open _root_.Algebra (IsAlgebraic) variable [IsAlgebraic F E] variable (F E) in
lemma
FieldTheory
[ "Mathlib.FieldTheory.SeparableClosure", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.PurelyInseparable.Basic", "Mathlib.LinearAlgebra.FreeAlgebra", "Mathlib.Order.Interval.Set.WithBotTop", "Mathlib.Order.DirectedInverseSystem" ]
Mathlib/FieldTheory/CardinalEmb.lean
noMaxOrder_rank_toType
null
leastExt : ι → ι := wellFounded_lt.fix fun i ih ↦ let s := range fun j : Iio i ↦ b (ih j j.2) wellFounded_lt.min {k | b k ∉ adjoin F s} <| by rw [← compl_setOf, nonempty_compl]; by_contra! simp_rw [eq_univ_iff_forall, mem_setOf] at this have := adjoin_le_iff.mpr (range_subset_iff.mpr this) ...
def
FieldTheory
[ "Mathlib.FieldTheory.SeparableClosure", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.PurelyInseparable.Basic", "Mathlib.LinearAlgebra.FreeAlgebra", "Mathlib.Order.Interval.Set.WithBotTop", "Mathlib.Order.DirectedInverseSystem" ]
Mathlib/FieldTheory/CardinalEmb.lean
leastExt
`leastExt i` is defined to be the smallest `k : ι` that generates a nontrivial extension over (i.e. does not lie in) the subalgebra (= intermediate field) generated by all previous `leastExt j`, `j < i`. For cardinality reasons, such `k` always exist if `ι` is infinite.
isLeast_leastExt (i : ι) : IsLeast {k | b k ∉ E⟮<i⟯} (φ i) := by rw [image_eq_range, leastExt, wellFounded_lt.fix_eq] exact ⟨wellFounded_lt.min_mem _ _, fun _ ↦ (wellFounded_lt.min_le ·)⟩
theorem
FieldTheory
[ "Mathlib.FieldTheory.SeparableClosure", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.PurelyInseparable.Basic", "Mathlib.LinearAlgebra.FreeAlgebra", "Mathlib.Order.Interval.Set.WithBotTop", "Mathlib.Order.DirectedInverseSystem" ]
Mathlib/FieldTheory/CardinalEmb.lean
isLeast_leastExt
null
strictMono_leastExt : StrictMono φ := fun i j h ↦ by have least := isLeast_leastExt (F := F) (E := E) by_contra! obtain eq | lt := this.eq_or_lt · exact (least j).1 (subset_adjoin _ _ ⟨i, h, congr_arg b eq.symm⟩) · refine ((least i).2 <| mt (adjoin.mono _ _ _ (image_mono ?_) ·) (least j).1).not_gt lt exac...
theorem
FieldTheory
[ "Mathlib.FieldTheory.SeparableClosure", "Mathlib.FieldTheory.PurelyInseparable.Basic", "Mathlib.LinearAlgebra.FreeAlgebra", "Mathlib.Order.Interval.Set.WithBotTop", "Mathlib.Order.DirectedInverseSystem" ]
Mathlib/FieldTheory/CardinalEmb.lean
strictMono_leastExt
null