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  Human expert annotations of definitional defects in Ukrainian legislation.
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  Gold-standard labels for the **LegDefQA** benchmark.
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- ## Annotation Schema
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- ### Circulus in definiendo
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- | Label | Description |
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- |-------|-------------|
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- | TRUE_DEFECT | Definition is normatively empty, adds no distinguishing criterion |
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- | DOMAIN_REUSE | Root word repeats but definition is substantively meaningful |
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- | FALSE_POSITIVE | Pipeline error, no actual overlap |
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- | SKIPPED | Annotator skipped this item |
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- ### Ignotum per ignotum
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- | Label | Description |
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- |-------|-------------|
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- | CRITICAL | Term undefined anywhere in the corpus |
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- | CROSS_REF | Term defined in another law, needs explicit reference |
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- | COMMON | Well-known term, no definition needed |
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- | FALSE_POSITIVE | Pipeline error, term defined in the same law |
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- | SKIPPED | Annotator skipped this item |
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- ## Source
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- 300 definitions stratified from 5,799 extracted by the DefectRadar pipeline from 44,021 active Ukrainian legislative acts.
 
 
 
 
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- Strata: 100 circulus-flagged, 100 ignotum-flagged, 100 pipeline-clean.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  ## Annotation Tool
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- [overthelex/defectradar-annotator](https://huggingface.co/spaces/overthelex/defectradar-annotator)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  ## Citation
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  Human expert annotations of definitional defects in Ukrainian legislation.
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  Gold-standard labels for the **LegDefQA** benchmark.
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+ ## Annotation Task
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+ Given a legal definition extracted from Ukrainian legislation, the annotator classifies it along two independent dimensions.
 
 
 
 
 
 
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+ ### Dimension 1: Circulus in definiendo
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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+ > **Question:** Does the definition add at least one distinguishing criterion that is not already present in the term itself?
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+ | Label | Description | Example |
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+ |-------|-------------|---------|
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+ | `TRUE_DEFECT` | Definition is normatively empty -- it restates the term without adding content | "програмно-апаратна помилка" defined as "помилка у програмному забезпеченні" |
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+ | `DOMAIN_REUSE` | Root word repeats but the genus provides substantive narrowing | "Державний реєстр лікарських засобів" defined as "єдина державна інформаційна система, що містить відомості про зареєстровані лікарські засоби" |
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+ | `FALSE_POSITIVE` | Pipeline error -- no actual morphological or semantic overlap | Rare; indicates extraction or lemmatization error |
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+ ### Dimension 2: Ignotum per ignotum
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+
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+ > **Question:** Can a jurist apply this norm without consulting other laws for the meaning of terms used in the definition?
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+
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+ | Label | Description | Example |
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+ |-------|-------------|---------|
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+ | `CRITICAL` | Term undefined anywhere in the legislative corpus; norm is inapplicable without subjective interpretation | "креативне вираження" -- not defined in any Ukrainian law |
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+ | `CROSS_REF` | Term is defined in another law; an explicit cross-reference would resolve the gap | Financial terms in payment services law defined only in Banking Law |
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+ | `COMMON` | Well-known term; no statutory definition needed | General terms like "особа", "майно" |
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+ | `FALSE_POSITIVE` | Pipeline error -- term is actually defined in the same law | Extraction missed the definition |
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+
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+ ## Sampling Strategy
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+
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+ 300 definitions sampled from 5,799 extracted by DefectRadar from 44,021 active Ukrainian legislative acts:
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+
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+ | Stratum | Count | Description |
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+ |---------|-------|-------------|
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+ | `circulus` | 50 | Pipeline flagged circulus only |
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+ | `ignotum` | 100 | Pipeline flagged ignotum only |
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+ | `both` | 50 | Pipeline flagged both defects |
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+ | `clean` | 100 | Pipeline found no defects |
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+
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+ ## Data Schema
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+
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+ Each annotation record contains:
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+
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+ ```json
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+ {
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+ "annotator_id": "string",
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+ "definition_id": 1234,
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+ "rada_id": "1089-IX",
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+ "definiendum": "term being defined",
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+ "pipeline_circulus": true,
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+ "pipeline_ignotum": false,
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+ "human_circulus": "TRUE_DEFECT|DOMAIN_REUSE|FALSE_POSITIVE|SKIPPED",
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+ "human_circulus_comment": "optional free text",
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+ "human_ignotum": "CRITICAL|CROSS_REF|COMMON|FALSE_POSITIVE|SKIPPED",
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+ "human_ignotum_comment": "optional free text",
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+ "timestamp": "2026-06-02T...",
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+ "stratum": "circulus|ignotum|both|clean"
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+ }
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+ ```
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  ## Annotation Tool
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+ Interactive tool: [overthelex/defectradar-annotator](https://huggingface.co/spaces/overthelex/defectradar-annotator)
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+
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+ ## Usage
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+
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+ ```python
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+ from datasets import load_dataset
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+ # After consolidation:
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+ ds = load_dataset("overthelex/defectradar-annotations")
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+ ```
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+
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+ ## Related Resources
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+
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+ - **Pipeline output**: [overthelex/ua-defectradar](https://huggingface.co/datasets/overthelex/ua-defectradar) (5,799 definitions with pipeline labels)
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+ - **Paper**: DefectRadar: Automated Detection of Definitional Defects in Legislation (Ovcharov & Kyrychenko, 2026)
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  ## Citation
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