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README.md
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Human expert annotations of definitional defects in Ukrainian legislation.
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Gold-standard labels for the **LegDefQA** benchmark.
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## Annotation
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| Label | Description |
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|-------|-------------|
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| TRUE_DEFECT | Definition is normatively empty, adds no distinguishing criterion |
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| DOMAIN_REUSE | Root word repeats but definition is substantively meaningful |
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| FALSE_POSITIVE | Pipeline error, no actual overlap |
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| SKIPPED | Annotator skipped this item |
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###
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| Label | Description |
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|-------|-------------|
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| CRITICAL | Term undefined anywhere in the corpus |
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| CROSS_REF | Term defined in another law, needs explicit reference |
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| COMMON | Well-known term, no definition needed |
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| FALSE_POSITIVE | Pipeline error, term defined in the same law |
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| SKIPPED | Annotator skipped this item |
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## Annotation Tool
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[overthelex/defectradar-annotator](https://huggingface.co/spaces/overthelex/defectradar-annotator)
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## Citation
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Human expert annotations of definitional defects in Ukrainian legislation.
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Gold-standard labels for the **LegDefQA** benchmark.
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## Annotation Task
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Given a legal definition extracted from Ukrainian legislation, the annotator classifies it along two independent dimensions.
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### Dimension 1: Circulus in definiendo
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> **Question:** Does the definition add at least one distinguishing criterion that is not already present in the term itself?
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| Label | Description | Example |
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|-------|-------------|---------|
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| `TRUE_DEFECT` | Definition is normatively empty -- it restates the term without adding content | "програмно-апаратна помилка" defined as "помилка у програмному забезпеченні" |
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| `DOMAIN_REUSE` | Root word repeats but the genus provides substantive narrowing | "Державний реєстр лікарських засобів" defined as "єдина державна інформаційна система, що містить відомості про зареєстровані лікарські засоби" |
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| `FALSE_POSITIVE` | Pipeline error -- no actual morphological or semantic overlap | Rare; indicates extraction or lemmatization error |
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### Dimension 2: Ignotum per ignotum
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> **Question:** Can a jurist apply this norm without consulting other laws for the meaning of terms used in the definition?
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| Label | Description | Example |
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|-------|-------------|---------|
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| `CRITICAL` | Term undefined anywhere in the legislative corpus; norm is inapplicable without subjective interpretation | "креативне вираження" -- not defined in any Ukrainian law |
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| `CROSS_REF` | Term is defined in another law; an explicit cross-reference would resolve the gap | Financial terms in payment services law defined only in Banking Law |
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| `COMMON` | Well-known term; no statutory definition needed | General terms like "особа", "майно" |
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| `FALSE_POSITIVE` | Pipeline error -- term is actually defined in the same law | Extraction missed the definition |
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## Sampling Strategy
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300 definitions sampled from 5,799 extracted by DefectRadar from 44,021 active Ukrainian legislative acts:
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| Stratum | Count | Description |
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|---------|-------|-------------|
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| `circulus` | 50 | Pipeline flagged circulus only |
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| `ignotum` | 100 | Pipeline flagged ignotum only |
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| `both` | 50 | Pipeline flagged both defects |
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| `clean` | 100 | Pipeline found no defects |
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## Data Schema
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Each annotation record contains:
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```json
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{
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"annotator_id": "string",
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"definition_id": 1234,
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"rada_id": "1089-IX",
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"definiendum": "term being defined",
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"pipeline_circulus": true,
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"pipeline_ignotum": false,
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"human_circulus": "TRUE_DEFECT|DOMAIN_REUSE|FALSE_POSITIVE|SKIPPED",
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"human_circulus_comment": "optional free text",
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"human_ignotum": "CRITICAL|CROSS_REF|COMMON|FALSE_POSITIVE|SKIPPED",
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"human_ignotum_comment": "optional free text",
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"timestamp": "2026-06-02T...",
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"stratum": "circulus|ignotum|both|clean"
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}
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```
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## Annotation Tool
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Interactive tool: [overthelex/defectradar-annotator](https://huggingface.co/spaces/overthelex/defectradar-annotator)
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## Usage
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```python
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from datasets import load_dataset
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# After consolidation:
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ds = load_dataset("overthelex/defectradar-annotations")
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```
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## Related Resources
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- **Pipeline output**: [overthelex/ua-defectradar](https://huggingface.co/datasets/overthelex/ua-defectradar) (5,799 definitions with pipeline labels)
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- **Paper**: DefectRadar: Automated Detection of Definitional Defects in Legislation (Ovcharov & Kyrychenko, 2026)
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## Citation
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