title stringlengths 10 172 | question_id int64 469 40.1M | question_body stringlengths 22 48.2k | question_score int64 -44 5.52k | question_date stringlengths 20 20 | answer_id int64 497 40.1M | answer_body stringlengths 18 33.9k | answer_score int64 -38 8.38k | answer_date stringlengths 20 20 | tags list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
return eats exception | 517,060 | <p>I found the following behavior at least <em>weird</em>:</p>
<pre><code>def errors():
try:
ErrorErrorError
finally:
return 10
print errors()
# prints: 10
# It should raise: NameError: name 'ErrorErrorError' is not defined
</code></pre>
<p>The exception disappears when you use <code>return</... | 13 | 2009-02-05T17:59:35Z | 517,082 | <blockquote>
<p>The exception disappears when you use <code>return</code> inside a <code>finally</code> clause. .. Is that documented anywhere?</p>
</blockquote>
<p><a href="http://docs.python.org/reference/compound_stmts.html#the-try-statement" rel="nofollow">It is:</a></p>
<blockquote>
<p>If finally is present,... | 40 | 2009-02-05T18:03:39Z | [
"python",
"exception",
"return",
"finally"
] |
return eats exception | 517,060 | <p>I found the following behavior at least <em>weird</em>:</p>
<pre><code>def errors():
try:
ErrorErrorError
finally:
return 10
print errors()
# prints: 10
# It should raise: NameError: name 'ErrorErrorError' is not defined
</code></pre>
<p>The exception disappears when you use <code>return</... | 13 | 2009-02-05T17:59:35Z | 518,359 | <p>Here is an interesting comparison for return in finally block, among - Java/C#/Python/JavaScript:
<a href="http://www.gettingclever.com/2008/07/return-from-finally.html" rel="nofollow">http://www.gettingclever.com/2008/07/return-from-finally.html</a></p>
| 5 | 2009-02-05T22:52:30Z | [
"python",
"exception",
"return",
"finally"
] |
return eats exception | 517,060 | <p>I found the following behavior at least <em>weird</em>:</p>
<pre><code>def errors():
try:
ErrorErrorError
finally:
return 10
print errors()
# prints: 10
# It should raise: NameError: name 'ErrorErrorError' is not defined
</code></pre>
<p>The exception disappears when you use <code>return</... | 13 | 2009-02-05T17:59:35Z | 525,967 | <p>You asked about the Python developers' reasoning. I can't speak for them, but no other behavior makes sense. A function can either return a value, or it can raise an exception; it can't do both. The purpose of a "finally" clause is to provide cleanup code that is "guaranteed" to be run, regardless of exceptions. ... | 23 | 2009-02-08T16:15:35Z | [
"python",
"exception",
"return",
"finally"
] |
How do I write output in same place on the console? | 517,127 | <p>I am new to python and am writing some scripts to automate downloading files from FTP servers, etc. I want to show the progress of the download, but I want it to stay in the same position, such as:</p>
<p>output:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Downloading File FooFile.txt [47%]</p>
</blockquote>
<p>I'm trying to avoid som... | 82 | 2009-02-05T18:11:47Z | 517,148 | <p>Print the backspace character <code>\b</code> several times, and then overwrite the old number with the new number.</p>
| 10 | 2009-02-05T18:14:06Z | [
"python",
"console-output"
] |
How do I write output in same place on the console? | 517,127 | <p>I am new to python and am writing some scripts to automate downloading files from FTP servers, etc. I want to show the progress of the download, but I want it to stay in the same position, such as:</p>
<p>output:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Downloading File FooFile.txt [47%]</p>
</blockquote>
<p>I'm trying to avoid som... | 82 | 2009-02-05T18:11:47Z | 517,179 | <p>Use a terminal-handling library like the <a href="http://docs.python.org/library/curses.html">curses module</a>:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>The curses module provides an interface to the curses library, the de-facto standard for portable advanced terminal handling.</p>
</blockquote>
| 19 | 2009-02-05T18:19:09Z | [
"python",
"console-output"
] |
How do I write output in same place on the console? | 517,127 | <p>I am new to python and am writing some scripts to automate downloading files from FTP servers, etc. I want to show the progress of the download, but I want it to stay in the same position, such as:</p>
<p>output:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Downloading File FooFile.txt [47%]</p>
</blockquote>
<p>I'm trying to avoid som... | 82 | 2009-02-05T18:11:47Z | 517,207 | <p>You can also use the carriage return:</p>
<pre><code>sys.stdout.write("Download progress: %d%% \r" % (progress) )
sys.stdout.flush()
</code></pre>
| 142 | 2009-02-05T18:22:47Z | [
"python",
"console-output"
] |
How do I write output in same place on the console? | 517,127 | <p>I am new to python and am writing some scripts to automate downloading files from FTP servers, etc. I want to show the progress of the download, but I want it to stay in the same position, such as:</p>
<p>output:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Downloading File FooFile.txt [47%]</p>
</blockquote>
<p>I'm trying to avoid som... | 82 | 2009-02-05T18:11:47Z | 517,523 | <p>I like the following:</p>
<pre><code>print 'Downloading File FooFile.txt [%d%%]\r'%i,
</code></pre>
<p>Demo:</p>
<pre><code>import time
for i in range(100):
time.sleep(0.1)
print 'Downloading File FooFile.txt [%d%%]\r'%i,
</code></pre>
| 8 | 2009-02-05T19:29:23Z | [
"python",
"console-output"
] |
How do I write output in same place on the console? | 517,127 | <p>I am new to python and am writing some scripts to automate downloading files from FTP servers, etc. I want to show the progress of the download, but I want it to stay in the same position, such as:</p>
<p>output:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Downloading File FooFile.txt [47%]</p>
</blockquote>
<p>I'm trying to avoid som... | 82 | 2009-02-05T18:11:47Z | 7,975,759 | <pre><code>#kinda like the one above but better :P
from __future__ import print_function
from time import sleep
for i in range(101):
str1="Downloading File FooFile.txt [{}%]".format(i)
back="\b"*len(str1)
print(str1, end="")
sleep(0.1)
print(back, end="")
</code></pre>
| 7 | 2011-11-02T04:14:27Z | [
"python",
"console-output"
] |
HOWTO: Write Python API wrapper? | 517,237 | <p>I'd like to write a python library to wrap a REST-style API offered by a particular Web service. Does anyone know of any good learning resources for such work, preferably aimed at intermediate Python programmers?</p>
<p>I'd like a good article on the subject, but I'd settle for nice, clear code examples.</p>
<p><s... | 21 | 2009-02-05T18:29:07Z | 517,457 | <p>I can't point you to any article on how to do it, but I think there are a few libraries that can be good models on how to design your own.</p>
<p><a href="http://pyaws.sourceforge.net/" rel="nofollow">PyAws</a> for example. I didn't see the source code so I can't tell you how good it is as code example, but the fea... | 2 | 2009-02-05T19:14:52Z | [
"python",
"web-services",
"api",
"rest"
] |
HOWTO: Write Python API wrapper? | 517,237 | <p>I'd like to write a python library to wrap a REST-style API offered by a particular Web service. Does anyone know of any good learning resources for such work, preferably aimed at intermediate Python programmers?</p>
<p>I'd like a good article on the subject, but I'd settle for nice, clear code examples.</p>
<p><s... | 21 | 2009-02-05T18:29:07Z | 518,161 | <p>My favorite combination is httplib2 (or pycurl for performance) and simplejson. As REST is more "a way of design" then a real "protocol" there is not really a reusable thing (that I know of). On Ruby you have something like ActiveResource. And to be honest, even that would just expose some tables as a webservice, wh... | 2 | 2009-02-05T22:01:01Z | [
"python",
"web-services",
"api",
"rest"
] |
HOWTO: Write Python API wrapper? | 517,237 | <p>I'd like to write a python library to wrap a REST-style API offered by a particular Web service. Does anyone know of any good learning resources for such work, preferably aimed at intermediate Python programmers?</p>
<p>I'd like a good article on the subject, but I'd settle for nice, clear code examples.</p>
<p><s... | 21 | 2009-02-05T18:29:07Z | 523,376 | <p><a href="http://learn-rest.blogspot.com/2008/02/using-rest-in-python.html" rel="nofollow">This tutorial page</a> could be a good starting place (but it doesn't contain everything you need).</p>
| 1 | 2009-02-07T07:19:31Z | [
"python",
"web-services",
"api",
"rest"
] |
HOWTO: Write Python API wrapper? | 517,237 | <p>I'd like to write a python library to wrap a REST-style API offered by a particular Web service. Does anyone know of any good learning resources for such work, preferably aimed at intermediate Python programmers?</p>
<p>I'd like a good article on the subject, but I'd settle for nice, clear code examples.</p>
<p><s... | 21 | 2009-02-05T18:29:07Z | 981,474 | <p>You should take a look at PyFacebook. This is a python wrapper for the Facebook API, and it's one of the most nicely done API's I have ever used.</p>
| 0 | 2009-06-11T14:34:57Z | [
"python",
"web-services",
"api",
"rest"
] |
HOWTO: Write Python API wrapper? | 517,237 | <p>I'd like to write a python library to wrap a REST-style API offered by a particular Web service. Does anyone know of any good learning resources for such work, preferably aimed at intermediate Python programmers?</p>
<p>I'd like a good article on the subject, but I'd settle for nice, clear code examples.</p>
<p><s... | 21 | 2009-02-05T18:29:07Z | 3,374,030 | <p>You could checkout <a href="http://github.com/ryanmcgrath/pythentic_jobs" rel="nofollow">pythenic jobs</a>, a nice, simple, but well-formed "Python wrapper around the Authentic Jobs ... API" as a good example. That's what I'm doing now :)</p>
| 0 | 2010-07-30T17:37:50Z | [
"python",
"web-services",
"api",
"rest"
] |
Storing a binary hash value in a Django model field | 517,349 | <p>I have a twenty byte hex hash that I would like to store in a django model.
If I use a text field, it's interpreted as unicode and it comes back garbled. </p>
<p>Currently I'm encoding it and decoding it, which really clutters up the code,
because I have to be able to filter by it.</p>
<pre><code>def get_changese... | 6 | 2009-02-05T18:51:49Z | 517,492 | <p>I'm assuming if you were writing raw SQL you'd be using a Postgres bytea or a MySQL VARBINARY. There's a <a href="http://code.djangoproject.com/ticket/2417" rel="nofollow">ticket with a patch</a> (marked "needs testing") that purportedly makes a field like this (Ticket 2417: Support for binary type fields (aka: byte... | 4 | 2009-02-05T19:23:07Z | [
"python",
"django",
"encoding",
"django-models",
"binary-data"
] |
Storing a binary hash value in a Django model field | 517,349 | <p>I have a twenty byte hex hash that I would like to store in a django model.
If I use a text field, it's interpreted as unicode and it comes back garbled. </p>
<p>Currently I'm encoding it and decoding it, which really clutters up the code,
because I have to be able to filter by it.</p>
<pre><code>def get_changese... | 6 | 2009-02-05T18:51:49Z | 517,632 | <p>You could also write your own custom <a href="http://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/db/managers/#topics-db-managers" rel="nofollow">Model Manager</a> that does the escaping and unescaping for you.</p>
| 3 | 2009-02-05T19:52:58Z | [
"python",
"django",
"encoding",
"django-models",
"binary-data"
] |
Storing a binary hash value in a Django model field | 517,349 | <p>I have a twenty byte hex hash that I would like to store in a django model.
If I use a text field, it's interpreted as unicode and it comes back garbled. </p>
<p>Currently I'm encoding it and decoding it, which really clutters up the code,
because I have to be able to filter by it.</p>
<pre><code>def get_changese... | 6 | 2009-02-05T18:51:49Z | 518,704 | <p>"I have a twenty byte hex hash that I would like to store in a django model."</p>
<p>Django does this. They use hex digests, which are -- technically -- strings. Not bytes.</p>
<p>Do not use <code>someHash.digest()</code> -- you get bytes, which you cannot easily store.</p>
<p>Use <code>someHash.hexdigest()</co... | 3 | 2009-02-06T00:59:44Z | [
"python",
"django",
"encoding",
"django-models",
"binary-data"
] |
Storing a binary hash value in a Django model field | 517,349 | <p>I have a twenty byte hex hash that I would like to store in a django model.
If I use a text field, it's interpreted as unicode and it comes back garbled. </p>
<p>Currently I'm encoding it and decoding it, which really clutters up the code,
because I have to be able to filter by it.</p>
<pre><code>def get_changese... | 6 | 2009-02-05T18:51:49Z | 12,496,786 | <p>If this issue is still of interest, Disqus' <code>django-bitfield</code> fits the bill:</p>
<p><a href="https://github.com/disqus/django-bitfield" rel="nofollow">https://github.com/disqus/django-bitfield</a></p>
<p>... the example code on GitHub is a little confusing at first w/r/t the modules' actual function, be... | 1 | 2012-09-19T14:22:44Z | [
"python",
"django",
"encoding",
"django-models",
"binary-data"
] |
String formatting in Python | 517,355 | <p>I want to do something like String.Format ("[{0}, {1}, {2}]", 1, 2, 3) which returns:</p>
<pre><code>[1, 2, 3]
</code></pre>
<p>How do I do this in Python?</p>
| 21 | 2009-02-05T18:53:29Z | 517,363 | <p>You haven't formulated yourself very commendably, but I'll venture a guess this is what you're looking for:</p>
<pre><code>foo = "Hello"
bar = "world"
baz = 2
print "%s, %s number %d" % (foo, bar, baz)
</code></pre>
| 1 | 2009-02-05T18:56:15Z | [
"python",
"string",
"formatting"
] |
String formatting in Python | 517,355 | <p>I want to do something like String.Format ("[{0}, {1}, {2}]", 1, 2, 3) which returns:</p>
<pre><code>[1, 2, 3]
</code></pre>
<p>How do I do this in Python?</p>
| 21 | 2009-02-05T18:53:29Z | 517,372 | <p>You're looking for string formatting, which in python is based on the sprintf function in C.</p>
<pre><code>print "[%s, %s, %s]" % (1, 2, 3)
</code></pre>
<p>For a complete reference look here:
<a href="http://docs.python.org/library/stdtypes.html#string-formatting" rel="nofollow">http://docs.python.org/librar... | 16 | 2009-02-05T18:59:07Z | [
"python",
"string",
"formatting"
] |
String formatting in Python | 517,355 | <p>I want to do something like String.Format ("[{0}, {1}, {2}]", 1, 2, 3) which returns:</p>
<pre><code>[1, 2, 3]
</code></pre>
<p>How do I do this in Python?</p>
| 21 | 2009-02-05T18:53:29Z | 517,471 | <p>The previous answers have used % formatting, which is being phased out in Python 3.0+. Assuming you're using Python 2.6+, a more future-proof formatting system is described here:</p>
<p><a href="http://docs.python.org/library/string.html#formatstrings">http://docs.python.org/library/string.html#formatstrings</a></... | 53 | 2009-02-05T19:16:29Z | [
"python",
"string",
"formatting"
] |
String formatting in Python | 517,355 | <p>I want to do something like String.Format ("[{0}, {1}, {2}]", 1, 2, 3) which returns:</p>
<pre><code>[1, 2, 3]
</code></pre>
<p>How do I do this in Python?</p>
| 21 | 2009-02-05T18:53:29Z | 628,974 | <p>You can do it three ways:</p>
<p><hr /></p>
<p>Use Python's automatic pretty printing:</p>
<pre><code>print [1, 2, 3] # Prints [1, 2, 3]
</code></pre>
<p>Showing the same thing with a variable:</p>
<pre><code>numberList = [1, 2]
numberList.append(3)
print numberList # Prints [1, 2, 3]
</code></pre>
<p><hr ... | 25 | 2009-03-10T04:54:35Z | [
"python",
"string",
"formatting"
] |
String formatting in Python | 517,355 | <p>I want to do something like String.Format ("[{0}, {1}, {2}]", 1, 2, 3) which returns:</p>
<pre><code>[1, 2, 3]
</code></pre>
<p>How do I do this in Python?</p>
| 21 | 2009-02-05T18:53:29Z | 11,404,948 | <p>To print elements sequentially use {} without specifying the index</p>
<pre><code>print('[{},{},{}]'.format(1,2,3))
</code></pre>
<p>(works since python 2.7 and python 3.1)</p>
| 3 | 2012-07-10T00:05:15Z | [
"python",
"string",
"formatting"
] |
String formatting in Python | 517,355 | <p>I want to do something like String.Format ("[{0}, {1}, {2}]", 1, 2, 3) which returns:</p>
<pre><code>[1, 2, 3]
</code></pre>
<p>How do I do this in Python?</p>
| 21 | 2009-02-05T18:53:29Z | 19,296,530 | <p>If you don't know how many items are in list, this aproach is the most universal</p>
<pre><code>>>> '[{0}]'.format(', '.join([str(i) for i in [1,2,3]]))
'[1, 2, 3]'
</code></pre>
<p>It is mouch simplier for list of strings</p>
<pre><code>>>> '[{0}]'.format(', '.join(['a','b','c']))
'[a, b, c]'
... | 0 | 2013-10-10T13:03:32Z | [
"python",
"string",
"formatting"
] |
String formatting in Python | 517,355 | <p>I want to do something like String.Format ("[{0}, {1}, {2}]", 1, 2, 3) which returns:</p>
<pre><code>[1, 2, 3]
</code></pre>
<p>How do I do this in Python?</p>
| 21 | 2009-02-05T18:53:29Z | 28,747,429 | <p>I think that this combination is missing :P</p>
<pre><code>"[{0}, {1}, {2}]".format(*[1, 2, 3])
</code></pre>
| 1 | 2015-02-26T16:18:20Z | [
"python",
"string",
"formatting"
] |
Execute a string as a command in python | 517,491 | <p>I am developing my stuff in python. In this process I encountered a situation where I have a string called "import django". And I want to validate this string. Which means, I want to check whether the module mentioned('django' in this case) is in the python-path. How can I do it?</p>
| 1 | 2009-02-05T19:23:05Z | 517,530 | <p>I doub't that it's safe, but it's the most naïve solution:</p>
<pre><code>try:
exec('import django')
except ImportError:
print('no django')
</code></pre>
| 1 | 2009-02-05T19:30:45Z | [
"python",
"django",
"path"
] |
Execute a string as a command in python | 517,491 | <p>I am developing my stuff in python. In this process I encountered a situation where I have a string called "import django". And I want to validate this string. Which means, I want to check whether the module mentioned('django' in this case) is in the python-path. How can I do it?</p>
| 1 | 2009-02-05T19:23:05Z | 517,592 | <p>My previous answer was wrong -- i didn't think to test my code. This actually works, though: look at the <a href="http://docs.python.org/library/imp.html" rel="nofollow">imp</a> module.</p>
<p>To just check for the module's importability in the current sys.path: </p>
<pre><code>try:
imp.find_module('django', ... | 14 | 2009-02-05T19:44:22Z | [
"python",
"django",
"path"
] |
Execute a string as a command in python | 517,491 | <p>I am developing my stuff in python. In this process I encountered a situation where I have a string called "import django". And I want to validate this string. Which means, I want to check whether the module mentioned('django' in this case) is in the python-path. How can I do it?</p>
| 1 | 2009-02-05T19:23:05Z | 522,135 | <p>If a module's name is available as string you can import it using the built-in <code>__import__</code> function.</p>
<pre><code>module = __import__("module name", {}, {}, [], -1)
</code></pre>
<p>For example,</p>
<pre><code>os = __import__("os", {}, {}, [], -1)
</code></pre>
| 1 | 2009-02-06T20:55:26Z | [
"python",
"django",
"path"
] |
What is the best way to remove accents in a Python unicode string? | 517,923 | <p>I have a Unicode string in Python, and I would like to remove all the accents (diacritics).</p>
<p>I found on the Web an elegant way to do this in Java:</p>
<ol>
<li>convert the Unicode string to its long normalized form (with a separate character for letters and diacritics)</li>
<li>remove all the characters whos... | 230 | 2009-02-05T21:10:40Z | 517,974 | <p>I just found this answer on the Web:</p>
<pre><code>import unicodedata
def remove_accents(input_str):
nfkd_form = unicodedata.normalize('NFKD', input_str)
only_ascii = nfkd_form.encode('ASCII', 'ignore')
return only_ascii
</code></pre>
<p>It works fine (for French, for example), but I think the second... | 83 | 2009-02-05T21:19:34Z | [
"python",
"python-3.x",
"unicode",
"python-2.x",
"diacritics"
] |
What is the best way to remove accents in a Python unicode string? | 517,923 | <p>I have a Unicode string in Python, and I would like to remove all the accents (diacritics).</p>
<p>I found on the Web an elegant way to do this in Java:</p>
<ol>
<li>convert the Unicode string to its long normalized form (with a separate character for letters and diacritics)</li>
<li>remove all the characters whos... | 230 | 2009-02-05T21:10:40Z | 518,232 | <p>How about this:</p>
<pre><code>import unicodedata
def strip_accents(s):
return ''.join(c for c in unicodedata.normalize('NFD', s)
if unicodedata.category(c) != 'Mn')
</code></pre>
<p>This works on greek letters, too:</p>
<pre><code>>>> strip_accents(u"A \u00c0 \u0394 \u038E")
u'A A \... | 164 | 2009-02-05T22:17:22Z | [
"python",
"python-3.x",
"unicode",
"python-2.x",
"diacritics"
] |
What is the best way to remove accents in a Python unicode string? | 517,923 | <p>I have a Unicode string in Python, and I would like to remove all the accents (diacritics).</p>
<p>I found on the Web an elegant way to do this in Java:</p>
<ol>
<li>convert the Unicode string to its long normalized form (with a separate character for letters and diacritics)</li>
<li>remove all the characters whos... | 230 | 2009-02-05T21:10:40Z | 2,633,310 | <p><a href="https://pypi.python.org/pypi/Unidecode">Unidecode</a> is the correct answer for this. It transliterates any unicode string into the closest possible representation in ascii text.</p>
| 155 | 2010-04-13T21:21:14Z | [
"python",
"python-3.x",
"unicode",
"python-2.x",
"diacritics"
] |
What is the best way to remove accents in a Python unicode string? | 517,923 | <p>I have a Unicode string in Python, and I would like to remove all the accents (diacritics).</p>
<p>I found on the Web an elegant way to do this in Java:</p>
<ol>
<li>convert the Unicode string to its long normalized form (with a separate character for letters and diacritics)</li>
<li>remove all the characters whos... | 230 | 2009-02-05T21:10:40Z | 15,547,803 | <p>This handles not only accents, but also "strokes" (as in ø etc.):</p>
<pre><code>import unicodedata as ud
def rmdiacritics(char):
'''
Return the base character of char, by "removing" any
diacritics like accents or curls and strokes and the like.
'''
desc = ud.name(unicode(char))
cutoff = d... | 9 | 2013-03-21T12:39:18Z | [
"python",
"python-3.x",
"unicode",
"python-2.x",
"diacritics"
] |
What is the best way to remove accents in a Python unicode string? | 517,923 | <p>I have a Unicode string in Python, and I would like to remove all the accents (diacritics).</p>
<p>I found on the Web an elegant way to do this in Java:</p>
<ol>
<li>convert the Unicode string to its long normalized form (with a separate character for letters and diacritics)</li>
<li>remove all the characters whos... | 230 | 2009-02-05T21:10:40Z | 17,069,876 | <p>In response to @MiniQuark's answer:</p>
<p>I was trying to read in a csv file that was half-French (containing accents) and also some strings which would eventually become integers and floats.
As a test, I created a <code>test.txt</code> file that looked like this:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Montréal, über, 12.89, MÃ... | 8 | 2013-06-12T15:48:48Z | [
"python",
"python-3.x",
"unicode",
"python-2.x",
"diacritics"
] |
What is the best way to remove accents in a Python unicode string? | 517,923 | <p>I have a Unicode string in Python, and I would like to remove all the accents (diacritics).</p>
<p>I found on the Web an elegant way to do this in Java:</p>
<ol>
<li>convert the Unicode string to its long normalized form (with a separate character for letters and diacritics)</li>
<li>remove all the characters whos... | 230 | 2009-02-05T21:10:40Z | 31,607,735 | <p>Actually I work on project compatible python 2.6, 2.7 and 3.4 and I have to create IDs from free user entries. </p>
<p>Thanks to you, I have created this function that works wonders.</p>
<pre><code>import re
import unicodedata
def strip_accents(text):
"""
Strip accents from input String.
:param text:... | 6 | 2015-07-24T10:08:14Z | [
"python",
"python-3.x",
"unicode",
"python-2.x",
"diacritics"
] |
What is the best way to remove accents in a Python unicode string? | 517,923 | <p>I have a Unicode string in Python, and I would like to remove all the accents (diacritics).</p>
<p>I found on the Web an elegant way to do this in Java:</p>
<ol>
<li>convert the Unicode string to its long normalized form (with a separate character for letters and diacritics)</li>
<li>remove all the characters whos... | 230 | 2009-02-05T21:10:40Z | 31,609,516 | <p>Some languages have combining diacritics as language letters and accent diacritics to specify accent.</p>
<p>I think it is more safe to specify explicitly what diactrics you want to strip:</p>
<pre><code>def strip_accents(string, accents=('COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT', 'COMBINING GRAVE ACCENT', 'COMBINING TILDE')):
... | 0 | 2015-07-24T11:34:02Z | [
"python",
"python-3.x",
"unicode",
"python-2.x",
"diacritics"
] |
What is the best way to remove accents in a Python unicode string? | 517,923 | <p>I have a Unicode string in Python, and I would like to remove all the accents (diacritics).</p>
<p>I found on the Web an elegant way to do this in Java:</p>
<ol>
<li>convert the Unicode string to its long normalized form (with a separate character for letters and diacritics)</li>
<li>remove all the characters whos... | 230 | 2009-02-05T21:10:40Z | 39,059,237 | <p>I'm surprised no one suggested a simple: </p>
<pre><code>from unidecode import unidecode
s="Montréal, über, 12.89, Mère, Françoise, noël, 889"
#s.encode("ascii") #doesn't work - traceback
t=unidecode(s)
t.encode("ascii") #works fine, because all non-ASCII from s are replaced with their equivalents
print(t) ... | 3 | 2016-08-20T22:28:03Z | [
"python",
"python-3.x",
"unicode",
"python-2.x",
"diacritics"
] |
What is the best way to remove accents in a Python unicode string? | 517,923 | <p>I have a Unicode string in Python, and I would like to remove all the accents (diacritics).</p>
<p>I found on the Web an elegant way to do this in Java:</p>
<ol>
<li>convert the Unicode string to its long normalized form (with a separate character for letters and diacritics)</li>
<li>remove all the characters whos... | 230 | 2009-02-05T21:10:40Z | 39,612,904 | <p>import unicodedata</p>
<p>s = 'Ãmission'</p>
<p>search_string = ''.join((c for c in unicodedata.normalize('NFD', s) if unicodedata.category(c) != 'Mn'))</p>
<p>For PYTHON 3.X
print (search_string)
For PYTHON 2.X
print search_string</p>
| 0 | 2016-09-21T09:41:47Z | [
"python",
"python-3.x",
"unicode",
"python-2.x",
"diacritics"
] |
How to clear python interpreter console? | 517,970 | <p>Like most Python developers, I typically keep a console window open with the Python interpreter running to test commands, dir() stuff, help() stuff, etc.</p>
<p>Like any console, after a while the visible backlog of past commands and prints gets to be cluttered, and sometimes confusing when re-running the same comm... | 169 | 2009-02-05T21:19:20Z | 517,992 | <p>Well, here's a quick hack:</p>
<pre><code>>>> clear = "\n" * 100
>>> print clear
>>> ...do some other stuff...
>>> print clear
</code></pre>
<p>Or to save some typing, put this file in your python search path:</p>
<pre><code># wiper.py
class Wipe(object):
def __repr__(self)... | 56 | 2009-02-05T21:22:43Z | [
"windows",
"console",
"clear",
"python"
] |
How to clear python interpreter console? | 517,970 | <p>Like most Python developers, I typically keep a console window open with the Python interpreter running to test commands, dir() stuff, help() stuff, etc.</p>
<p>Like any console, after a while the visible backlog of past commands and prints gets to be cluttered, and sometimes confusing when re-running the same comm... | 169 | 2009-02-05T21:19:20Z | 518,007 | <p>As you mentioned, you can do a system call:</p>
<pre><code>>>> import os
>>> clear = lambda: os.system('cls')
>>> clear()
</code></pre>
<p>I am not sure of any other way in Windows.</p>
| 218 | 2009-02-05T21:25:08Z | [
"windows",
"console",
"clear",
"python"
] |
How to clear python interpreter console? | 517,970 | <p>Like most Python developers, I typically keep a console window open with the Python interpreter running to test commands, dir() stuff, help() stuff, etc.</p>
<p>Like any console, after a while the visible backlog of past commands and prints gets to be cluttered, and sometimes confusing when re-running the same comm... | 169 | 2009-02-05T21:19:20Z | 518,401 | <p>Use idle. It has many handy features. <kbd>Ctrl+F6</kbd>, for example, resets the console. Closing and opening the console are good ways to clear it.</p>
| 5 | 2009-02-05T23:03:55Z | [
"windows",
"console",
"clear",
"python"
] |
How to clear python interpreter console? | 517,970 | <p>Like most Python developers, I typically keep a console window open with the Python interpreter running to test commands, dir() stuff, help() stuff, etc.</p>
<p>Like any console, after a while the visible backlog of past commands and prints gets to be cluttered, and sometimes confusing when re-running the same comm... | 169 | 2009-02-05T21:19:20Z | 518,540 | <p>EDIT: I've just read "windows", this is for linux users, sorry.</p>
<p><hr /></p>
<p>In bash:</p>
<pre><code>#!/bin/bash
while [ "0" == "0" ]; do
clear
$@
while [ "$input" == "" ]; do
read -p "Do you want to quit? (y/n): " -n 1 -e input
if [ "$input" == "y" ]; then
exit 1
... | 1 | 2009-02-05T23:51:51Z | [
"windows",
"console",
"clear",
"python"
] |
How to clear python interpreter console? | 517,970 | <p>Like most Python developers, I typically keep a console window open with the Python interpreter running to test commands, dir() stuff, help() stuff, etc.</p>
<p>Like any console, after a while the visible backlog of past commands and prints gets to be cluttered, and sometimes confusing when re-running the same comm... | 169 | 2009-02-05T21:19:20Z | 684,344 | <p>here something handy that is a little more cross-platform</p>
<pre><code>import os
def cls():
os.system('cls' if os.name=='nt' else 'clear')
# now, to clear the screen
cls()
</code></pre>
| 111 | 2009-03-26T02:42:42Z | [
"windows",
"console",
"clear",
"python"
] |
How to clear python interpreter console? | 517,970 | <p>Like most Python developers, I typically keep a console window open with the Python interpreter running to test commands, dir() stuff, help() stuff, etc.</p>
<p>Like any console, after a while the visible backlog of past commands and prints gets to be cluttered, and sometimes confusing when re-running the same comm... | 169 | 2009-02-05T21:19:20Z | 759,084 | <p>Wiper is cool, good thing about it is I don't have to type '()' around it.
Here is slight variation to it</p>
<pre><code># wiper.py
import os
class Cls(object):
def __repr__(self):
    os.system('cls')
return ''
</code></pre>
<p>The usage is quite simple:</p>
<pre><code>>>> cls = Cls(... | 6 | 2009-04-17T04:58:19Z | [
"windows",
"console",
"clear",
"python"
] |
How to clear python interpreter console? | 517,970 | <p>Like most Python developers, I typically keep a console window open with the Python interpreter running to test commands, dir() stuff, help() stuff, etc.</p>
<p>Like any console, after a while the visible backlog of past commands and prints gets to be cluttered, and sometimes confusing when re-running the same comm... | 169 | 2009-02-05T21:19:20Z | 3,917,856 | <p>Although this is an older question, I thought I'd contribute something summing up what I think were the best of the other answers and add a wrinkle of my own by suggesting that you put these command(s) into a file and set your PYTHONSTARTUP environment variable to point to it. Since I'm on Windows at the moment, it'... | 22 | 2010-10-12T18:36:11Z | [
"windows",
"console",
"clear",
"python"
] |
How to clear python interpreter console? | 517,970 | <p>Like most Python developers, I typically keep a console window open with the Python interpreter running to test commands, dir() stuff, help() stuff, etc.</p>
<p>Like any console, after a while the visible backlog of past commands and prints gets to be cluttered, and sometimes confusing when re-running the same comm... | 169 | 2009-02-05T21:19:20Z | 5,369,197 | <p>This should be cross platform, and also uses the preferred <code>subprocess.call</code> instead of <code>os.system</code> as per <a href="http://docs.python.org/library/os.html#os.system" rel="nofollow">the <code>os.system</code> docs</a>. Should work in Python >= 2.4.</p>
<pre><code>import subprocess
import os
if... | 1 | 2011-03-20T14:51:23Z | [
"windows",
"console",
"clear",
"python"
] |
How to clear python interpreter console? | 517,970 | <p>Like most Python developers, I typically keep a console window open with the Python interpreter running to test commands, dir() stuff, help() stuff, etc.</p>
<p>Like any console, after a while the visible backlog of past commands and prints gets to be cluttered, and sometimes confusing when re-running the same comm... | 169 | 2009-02-05T21:19:20Z | 7,265,491 | <p><strong>Here are two nice ways of doing that:</strong></p>
<p><strong>1.</strong> </p>
<pre><code>import os
# Clear Windows command prompt.
if (os.name in ('ce', 'nt', 'dos')):
os.system('cls')
# Clear the Linux terminal.
elif ('posix' in os.name):
os.system('clear')
</code></pre>
<p><strong>2.</strong>... | 1 | 2011-09-01T02:13:46Z | [
"windows",
"console",
"clear",
"python"
] |
How to clear python interpreter console? | 517,970 | <p>Like most Python developers, I typically keep a console window open with the Python interpreter running to test commands, dir() stuff, help() stuff, etc.</p>
<p>Like any console, after a while the visible backlog of past commands and prints gets to be cluttered, and sometimes confusing when re-running the same comm... | 169 | 2009-02-05T21:19:20Z | 7,987,728 | <p>How about this for a clear</p>
<pre><code>- os.system('cls')
</code></pre>
<p>That is about as short as could be!</p>
| 1 | 2011-11-02T21:48:09Z | [
"windows",
"console",
"clear",
"python"
] |
How to clear python interpreter console? | 517,970 | <p>Like most Python developers, I typically keep a console window open with the Python interpreter running to test commands, dir() stuff, help() stuff, etc.</p>
<p>Like any console, after a while the visible backlog of past commands and prints gets to be cluttered, and sometimes confusing when re-running the same comm... | 169 | 2009-02-05T21:19:20Z | 8,055,652 | <p>I'm using MINGW/BASH on Windows XP, SP3.</p>
<p>(stick this in .pythonstartup)<br>
# My ctrl-l already kind of worked, but this might help someone else<br>
# leaves prompt at bottom of the window though...<br>
import readline<br>
readline.parse_and_bind('\C-l: clear-screen') </p>
<p># This works in BASH because... | 3 | 2011-11-08T18:56:43Z | [
"windows",
"console",
"clear",
"python"
] |
How to clear python interpreter console? | 517,970 | <p>Like most Python developers, I typically keep a console window open with the Python interpreter running to test commands, dir() stuff, help() stuff, etc.</p>
<p>Like any console, after a while the visible backlog of past commands and prints gets to be cluttered, and sometimes confusing when re-running the same comm... | 169 | 2009-02-05T21:19:20Z | 8,463,527 | <p>The OS command <code>clear</code> in Linux and <code>cls</code> in Windows outputs a "magic string" which you can just print. To get the string, execute the command with popen and save it in a variable for later use:</p>
<pre><code>from os import popen
with popen('clear') as f:
clear = f.read()
print clear
</... | 1 | 2011-12-11T11:19:25Z | [
"windows",
"console",
"clear",
"python"
] |
How to clear python interpreter console? | 517,970 | <p>Like most Python developers, I typically keep a console window open with the Python interpreter running to test commands, dir() stuff, help() stuff, etc.</p>
<p>Like any console, after a while the visible backlog of past commands and prints gets to be cluttered, and sometimes confusing when re-running the same comm... | 169 | 2009-02-05T21:19:20Z | 9,751,966 | <pre><code>>>> ' '*80*25
</code></pre>
<p><strong>UPDATE</strong>: 80x25 is unlikely to be the size of console windows, so to get the real console dimensions, use functions from <a href="https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pager" rel="nofollow">pager</a> module. Python doesn't provide anything similar from core dist... | -1 | 2012-03-17T17:08:50Z | [
"windows",
"console",
"clear",
"python"
] |
How to clear python interpreter console? | 517,970 | <p>Like most Python developers, I typically keep a console window open with the Python interpreter running to test commands, dir() stuff, help() stuff, etc.</p>
<p>Like any console, after a while the visible backlog of past commands and prints gets to be cluttered, and sometimes confusing when re-running the same comm... | 169 | 2009-02-05T21:19:20Z | 11,526,998 | <p>Here's <a href="https://gist.github.com/3130325" rel="nofollow">the definitive solution</a> that merges <strong>all other answers</strong>. Features:</p>
<ol>
<li>You can <strong>copy-paste</strong> the code into your shell or script.</li>
<li><p>You can <strong>use</strong> it as you like:</p>
<pre><code>>>... | 5 | 2012-07-17T16:38:19Z | [
"windows",
"console",
"clear",
"python"
] |
How to clear python interpreter console? | 517,970 | <p>Like most Python developers, I typically keep a console window open with the Python interpreter running to test commands, dir() stuff, help() stuff, etc.</p>
<p>Like any console, after a while the visible backlog of past commands and prints gets to be cluttered, and sometimes confusing when re-running the same comm... | 169 | 2009-02-05T21:19:20Z | 15,623,297 | <p>I'm new to python (really really new) and in one of the books I'm reading to get acquainted with the language they teach how to create this little function to clear the console of the visible backlog and past commands and prints:</p>
<p>Open shell / Create new document / Create function as follows:</p>
<pre><code>... | 1 | 2013-03-25T19:41:24Z | [
"windows",
"console",
"clear",
"python"
] |
How to clear python interpreter console? | 517,970 | <p>Like most Python developers, I typically keep a console window open with the Python interpreter running to test commands, dir() stuff, help() stuff, etc.</p>
<p>Like any console, after a while the visible backlog of past commands and prints gets to be cluttered, and sometimes confusing when re-running the same comm... | 169 | 2009-02-05T21:19:20Z | 17,536,224 | <p>OK, so this is a much less technical answer, but I'm using the Python plugin for Notepad++ and it turns out you can just clear the console manually by right-clicking on it and clicking "clear". Hope this helps someone out there!</p>
| 0 | 2013-07-08T21:24:28Z | [
"windows",
"console",
"clear",
"python"
] |
How to clear python interpreter console? | 517,970 | <p>Like most Python developers, I typically keep a console window open with the Python interpreter running to test commands, dir() stuff, help() stuff, etc.</p>
<p>Like any console, after a while the visible backlog of past commands and prints gets to be cluttered, and sometimes confusing when re-running the same comm... | 169 | 2009-02-05T21:19:20Z | 17,711,382 | <p>In Spyder, when you want to clear all the variables in you Variable explorer, simply type <em>global().clear()</em> in the Console, and they will all be gone.</p>
| -2 | 2013-07-17T22:28:54Z | [
"windows",
"console",
"clear",
"python"
] |
How to clear python interpreter console? | 517,970 | <p>Like most Python developers, I typically keep a console window open with the Python interpreter running to test commands, dir() stuff, help() stuff, etc.</p>
<p>Like any console, after a while the visible backlog of past commands and prints gets to be cluttered, and sometimes confusing when re-running the same comm... | 169 | 2009-02-05T21:19:20Z | 18,846,817 | <p>I found the simplest way is just to close the window and run a module/script to reopen the shell.</p>
| 2 | 2013-09-17T10:00:57Z | [
"windows",
"console",
"clear",
"python"
] |
How to clear python interpreter console? | 517,970 | <p>Like most Python developers, I typically keep a console window open with the Python interpreter running to test commands, dir() stuff, help() stuff, etc.</p>
<p>Like any console, after a while the visible backlog of past commands and prints gets to be cluttered, and sometimes confusing when re-running the same comm... | 169 | 2009-02-05T21:19:20Z | 21,210,375 | <p>Magic strings are mentioned above - I believe they come from the terminfo database:</p>
<p><a href="http://www.google.com/?q=x#q=terminfo" rel="nofollow">http://www.google.com/?q=x#q=terminfo</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.google.com/?q=x#q=tput+command+in+unix" rel="nofollow">http://www.google.com/?q=x#q=tput+com... | 1 | 2014-01-18T21:54:03Z | [
"windows",
"console",
"clear",
"python"
] |
How to clear python interpreter console? | 517,970 | <p>Like most Python developers, I typically keep a console window open with the Python interpreter running to test commands, dir() stuff, help() stuff, etc.</p>
<p>Like any console, after a while the visible backlog of past commands and prints gets to be cluttered, and sometimes confusing when re-running the same comm... | 169 | 2009-02-05T21:19:20Z | 23,730,811 | <p>just use this..</p>
<p><code>print '\n'*1000</code></p>
| 2 | 2014-05-19T06:15:17Z | [
"windows",
"console",
"clear",
"python"
] |
How to clear python interpreter console? | 517,970 | <p>Like most Python developers, I typically keep a console window open with the Python interpreter running to test commands, dir() stuff, help() stuff, etc.</p>
<p>Like any console, after a while the visible backlog of past commands and prints gets to be cluttered, and sometimes confusing when re-running the same comm... | 169 | 2009-02-05T21:19:20Z | 29,520,444 | <p>I am using Spyder (Python 2.7) and to clean the interpreter console I use either </p>
<p>%clear </p>
<p>that forces the command line to go to the top and I will not see the previous old commands.</p>
<p>or I click "option" on the Console environment and select "Restart kernel" that removes everything.</p>
| 0 | 2015-04-08T16:35:45Z | [
"windows",
"console",
"clear",
"python"
] |
How to clear python interpreter console? | 517,970 | <p>Like most Python developers, I typically keep a console window open with the Python interpreter running to test commands, dir() stuff, help() stuff, etc.</p>
<p>Like any console, after a while the visible backlog of past commands and prints gets to be cluttered, and sometimes confusing when re-running the same comm... | 169 | 2009-02-05T21:19:20Z | 30,619,161 | <p>my way of doing this is to write a function like so:</p>
<pre><code>import os,subprocess
def clear():
if os.name = ('nt','dos'):
subprocess.call("cls")
elif os.name = ('linux','osx','posix'):
subprocess.call("clear")
else:
print "\n"*120
</code></pre>
<p>then call <code>clear()<... | 5 | 2015-06-03T11:44:59Z | [
"windows",
"console",
"clear",
"python"
] |
How to clear python interpreter console? | 517,970 | <p>Like most Python developers, I typically keep a console window open with the Python interpreter running to test commands, dir() stuff, help() stuff, etc.</p>
<p>Like any console, after a while the visible backlog of past commands and prints gets to be cluttered, and sometimes confusing when re-running the same comm... | 169 | 2009-02-05T21:19:20Z | 31,104,446 | <p>I'm not sure if Windows' "shell" supports this, but on Linux:</p>
<p><code>print "\033[2J"</code></p>
<p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_escape_code#CSI_codes" rel="nofollow">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_escape_code#CSI_codes</a></p>
<p>In my opinion calling <code>cls</code> with <code>os</code>... | 1 | 2015-06-28T20:31:32Z | [
"windows",
"console",
"clear",
"python"
] |
How to clear python interpreter console? | 517,970 | <p>Like most Python developers, I typically keep a console window open with the Python interpreter running to test commands, dir() stuff, help() stuff, etc.</p>
<p>Like any console, after a while the visible backlog of past commands and prints gets to be cluttered, and sometimes confusing when re-running the same comm... | 169 | 2009-02-05T21:19:20Z | 31,640,548 | <p>If its on mac a simple cmd + k does the trick</p>
| 0 | 2015-07-26T18:37:17Z | [
"windows",
"console",
"clear",
"python"
] |
How to clear python interpreter console? | 517,970 | <p>Like most Python developers, I typically keep a console window open with the Python interpreter running to test commands, dir() stuff, help() stuff, etc.</p>
<p>Like any console, after a while the visible backlog of past commands and prints gets to be cluttered, and sometimes confusing when re-running the same comm... | 169 | 2009-02-05T21:19:20Z | 32,280,047 | <p>Quickest and easiest way without a doubt is <kbd>Ctrl</kbd>+<kbd>L</kbd>.</p>
<p>This is the same for OS X on the terminal. </p>
| 5 | 2015-08-28T21:32:00Z | [
"windows",
"console",
"clear",
"python"
] |
How to clear python interpreter console? | 517,970 | <p>Like most Python developers, I typically keep a console window open with the Python interpreter running to test commands, dir() stuff, help() stuff, etc.</p>
<p>Like any console, after a while the visible backlog of past commands and prints gets to be cluttered, and sometimes confusing when re-running the same comm... | 169 | 2009-02-05T21:19:20Z | 37,106,601 | <p>I use <a href="https://www.iterm2.com/" rel="nofollow">iTerm</a> and the native terminal app for Mac OS.</p>
<p>I just press â + k</p>
| 3 | 2016-05-09T01:19:38Z | [
"windows",
"console",
"clear",
"python"
] |
How to clear python interpreter console? | 517,970 | <p>Like most Python developers, I typically keep a console window open with the Python interpreter running to test commands, dir() stuff, help() stuff, etc.</p>
<p>Like any console, after a while the visible backlog of past commands and prints gets to be cluttered, and sometimes confusing when re-running the same comm... | 169 | 2009-02-05T21:19:20Z | 37,925,455 | <p>You have number of ways doing it on Windows:</p>
<h1>1. Using Keyboard shortcut:</h1>
<pre><code>Press CTRL + L
</code></pre>
<h1>2. Using system invoke method:</h1>
<pre><code>import os
cls = lambda: os.system('cls')
cls()
</code></pre>
<h1>3. Using new line print 100 times:</h1>
<pre><code>cls = lambda: prin... | 4 | 2016-06-20T14:46:29Z | [
"windows",
"console",
"clear",
"python"
] |
How to clear python interpreter console? | 517,970 | <p>Like most Python developers, I typically keep a console window open with the Python interpreter running to test commands, dir() stuff, help() stuff, etc.</p>
<p>Like any console, after a while the visible backlog of past commands and prints gets to be cluttered, and sometimes confusing when re-running the same comm... | 169 | 2009-02-05T21:19:20Z | 38,758,248 | <p>At the prompt type in "cls" and hit enter. </p>
| -1 | 2016-08-04T03:57:18Z | [
"windows",
"console",
"clear",
"python"
] |
How to clear python interpreter console? | 517,970 | <p>Like most Python developers, I typically keep a console window open with the Python interpreter running to test commands, dir() stuff, help() stuff, etc.</p>
<p>Like any console, after a while the visible backlog of past commands and prints gets to be cluttered, and sometimes confusing when re-running the same comm... | 169 | 2009-02-05T21:19:20Z | 38,986,254 | <p>I might be late to the part but here is a very easy way to do it</p>
<p>Type:</p>
<pre><code>def cls():
os.system("cls")
</code></pre>
<p>So what ever you want to clear the screen just type in your code</p>
<pre><code>cls()
</code></pre>
<p>Best way possible! (Credit : <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch... | -1 | 2016-08-17T00:05:00Z | [
"windows",
"console",
"clear",
"python"
] |
How to clear python interpreter console? | 517,970 | <p>Like most Python developers, I typically keep a console window open with the Python interpreter running to test commands, dir() stuff, help() stuff, etc.</p>
<p>Like any console, after a while the visible backlog of past commands and prints gets to be cluttered, and sometimes confusing when re-running the same comm... | 169 | 2009-02-05T21:19:20Z | 39,801,391 | <p><a href="https://github.com/adoxa/ansicon/releases" rel="nofollow">https://github.com/adoxa/ansicon/releases</a></p>
<p>There is a tool you can install for Windows and then use the following print: print "\x1b[2J"</p>
<p>See link for tool below:</p>
| -1 | 2016-09-30T23:22:47Z | [
"windows",
"console",
"clear",
"python"
] |
How to clear python interpreter console? | 517,970 | <p>Like most Python developers, I typically keep a console window open with the Python interpreter running to test commands, dir() stuff, help() stuff, etc.</p>
<p>Like any console, after a while the visible backlog of past commands and prints gets to be cluttered, and sometimes confusing when re-running the same comm... | 169 | 2009-02-05T21:19:20Z | 40,116,016 | <p>Stumbled upon this: Just keep pressing <kbd>page down</kbd> till the screen is cleared!</p>
<p>Then press <kbd>enter</kbd> for the <code>>>></code> prompt.</p>
<p>Surprised nobody has mentioned this yet.</p>
| 0 | 2016-10-18T19:00:00Z | [
"windows",
"console",
"clear",
"python"
] |
Getting the length of an array in Python | 518,021 | <p>In <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_%28programming_language%29">Python</a>, is the following the only way to get the number of elements?</p>
<pre><code>arr.__len__()
</code></pre>
<p>If so, why the strange syntax?</p>
| 400 | 2009-02-05T21:26:47Z | 518,038 | <pre><code>my_list = [1,2,3,4,5]
len(my_list)
</code></pre>
<p>The same works for tuples:</p>
<pre><code>my_tuple = (1,2,3,4,5)
len(my_tuple)
</code></pre>
<p>And strings, which are really just arrays of characters:</p>
<pre><code>my_string = 'hello world'
len(my_string)
</code></pre>
<p>It was <a href="http://eff... | 718 | 2009-02-05T21:29:48Z | [
"python",
"arrays"
] |
Getting the length of an array in Python | 518,021 | <p>In <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_%28programming_language%29">Python</a>, is the following the only way to get the number of elements?</p>
<pre><code>arr.__len__()
</code></pre>
<p>If so, why the strange syntax?</p>
| 400 | 2009-02-05T21:26:47Z | 518,039 | <p>Just use len(arr):</p>
<pre><code>>>> import array
>>> arr = array.array('i')
>>> arr.append('2')
>>> arr.__len__()
1
>>> len(arr)
1
</code></pre>
| 13 | 2009-02-05T21:30:05Z | [
"python",
"arrays"
] |
Getting the length of an array in Python | 518,021 | <p>In <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_%28programming_language%29">Python</a>, is the following the only way to get the number of elements?</p>
<pre><code>arr.__len__()
</code></pre>
<p>If so, why the strange syntax?</p>
| 400 | 2009-02-05T21:26:47Z | 518,053 | <p>The preferred way to get the length of any python object is to pass it as an argument to the <code>len</code> function. Internally, python will then try to call the special <code>__len__</code> method of the object that was passed.</p>
| 19 | 2009-02-05T21:32:43Z | [
"python",
"arrays"
] |
Getting the length of an array in Python | 518,021 | <p>In <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_%28programming_language%29">Python</a>, is the following the only way to get the number of elements?</p>
<pre><code>arr.__len__()
</code></pre>
<p>If so, why the strange syntax?</p>
| 400 | 2009-02-05T21:26:47Z | 518,061 | <p>The way you take a length of anything for which that makes sense (a list, dictionary, tuple, string, ...) is to call <code>len</code> on it.</p>
<pre><code>l = [1,2,3,4]
s = 'abcde'
len(l) #returns 4
len(s) #returns 5
</code></pre>
<p>The reason for the "strange" syntax is that internally python translates <code>l... | 32 | 2009-02-05T21:34:00Z | [
"python",
"arrays"
] |
Getting the length of an array in Python | 518,021 | <p>In <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_%28programming_language%29">Python</a>, is the following the only way to get the number of elements?</p>
<pre><code>arr.__len__()
</code></pre>
<p>If so, why the strange syntax?</p>
| 400 | 2009-02-05T21:26:47Z | 519,644 | <p>Python uses <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duck_typing">duck typing</a>: it doesn't care about what an object <em>is</em>, as long as it has the appropriate interface for the situation at hand. When you call the built-in function len() on an object, you are actually calling its internal __len__ method. A cust... | 18 | 2009-02-06T09:15:37Z | [
"python",
"arrays"
] |
Getting the length of an array in Python | 518,021 | <p>In <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_%28programming_language%29">Python</a>, is the following the only way to get the number of elements?</p>
<pre><code>arr.__len__()
</code></pre>
<p>If so, why the strange syntax?</p>
| 400 | 2009-02-05T21:26:47Z | 33,226,444 | <p>you can use <code>len(arr)</code>
as suggested in previous answers to get the length of the array. In case you want the dimensions of a 2D array you could use <code>arr.shape</code> returns height and width</p>
| 3 | 2015-10-20T01:10:57Z | [
"python",
"arrays"
] |
Getting the length of an array in Python | 518,021 | <p>In <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_%28programming_language%29">Python</a>, is the following the only way to get the number of elements?</p>
<pre><code>arr.__len__()
</code></pre>
<p>If so, why the strange syntax?</p>
| 400 | 2009-02-05T21:26:47Z | 36,571,771 | <p><code>len(list_name)</code> function takes list as a parameter and it calls list's <code>__len__()</code> function.</p>
| 2 | 2016-04-12T11:20:13Z | [
"python",
"arrays"
] |
How to work with unsaved many-to-many relations in django? | 518,162 | <p>I have a couple of models in django which are connected many-to-many. I want to create instances of these models <em>in memory</em>, present them to the user (via custom method-calls inside the view-templates) and if the user is satisfied, save them to the database.</p>
<p>However, if I try to do anything on the mo... | 4 | 2009-02-05T22:01:17Z | 518,290 | <p>I would add a field which indicates whether the objects are "draft" or "live". That way they are persisted across requests, sessions, etc. and django stops complaining.</p>
<p>You can then filter your objects to only show "live" objects in public views and only show "draft" objects to the user that created them. T... | 6 | 2009-02-05T22:34:11Z | [
"python",
"django",
"django-models",
"many-to-many"
] |
How to work with unsaved many-to-many relations in django? | 518,162 | <p>I have a couple of models in django which are connected many-to-many. I want to create instances of these models <em>in memory</em>, present them to the user (via custom method-calls inside the view-templates) and if the user is satisfied, save them to the database.</p>
<p>However, if I try to do anything on the mo... | 4 | 2009-02-05T22:01:17Z | 519,483 | <p>I think that using django forms may be the answer, as outlined in <a href="http://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/forms/modelforms/" rel="nofollow">this</a> documentation (search for m2m...).</p>
<p>Edited to add some explanation for other people who might have the same problem:</p>
<p>say you have a model li... | 4 | 2009-02-06T07:52:11Z | [
"python",
"django",
"django-models",
"many-to-many"
] |
How can I manipulate lists? | 518,679 | <p>In the computer algebra system <a href="http://www.sagemath.org/" rel="nofollow">Sage</a>,
I need to multiply a list by 2.</p>
<p>I tried the code</p>
<pre><code>sage: list = [1, 2, 3];
sage: 2 * list
</code></pre>
<p>which returns</p>
<pre><code>[1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]
</code></pre>
<p>How can I just multiply eac... | 1 | 2009-02-06T00:48:23Z | 518,895 | <p>Do you want to multiply each element by 2? That would be:</p>
<pre><code>[2*i for i in List]
</code></pre>
| 3 | 2009-02-06T02:35:43Z | [
"python",
"list"
] |
How can I manipulate lists? | 518,679 | <p>In the computer algebra system <a href="http://www.sagemath.org/" rel="nofollow">Sage</a>,
I need to multiply a list by 2.</p>
<p>I tried the code</p>
<pre><code>sage: list = [1, 2, 3];
sage: 2 * list
</code></pre>
<p>which returns</p>
<pre><code>[1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]
</code></pre>
<p>How can I just multiply eac... | 1 | 2009-02-06T00:48:23Z | 1,262,098 | <p>Or:</p>
<pre><code>import numpy
numpy.multiply(List, 2)
</code></pre>
| 1 | 2009-08-11T18:19:49Z | [
"python",
"list"
] |
How can I manipulate lists? | 518,679 | <p>In the computer algebra system <a href="http://www.sagemath.org/" rel="nofollow">Sage</a>,
I need to multiply a list by 2.</p>
<p>I tried the code</p>
<pre><code>sage: list = [1, 2, 3];
sage: 2 * list
</code></pre>
<p>which returns</p>
<pre><code>[1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]
</code></pre>
<p>How can I just multiply eac... | 1 | 2009-02-06T00:48:23Z | 8,599,183 | <p>You manipulate lists in Sage just how you would manipulate them in Python because Sage is based on Python. So, read about Python lists and you will learn to do whatever you want with lists in Sage. Here:</p>
<p><a href="http://docs.python.org/tutorial/datastructures.html" rel="nofollow">http://docs.python.org/tut... | 0 | 2011-12-22T03:39:36Z | [
"python",
"list"
] |
How can I manipulate lists? | 518,679 | <p>In the computer algebra system <a href="http://www.sagemath.org/" rel="nofollow">Sage</a>,
I need to multiply a list by 2.</p>
<p>I tried the code</p>
<pre><code>sage: list = [1, 2, 3];
sage: 2 * list
</code></pre>
<p>which returns</p>
<pre><code>[1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]
</code></pre>
<p>How can I just multiply eac... | 1 | 2009-02-06T00:48:23Z | 11,052,812 | <p>Or convert the list to a vector first:</p>
<pre><code>a = vector([1,2,3])
2*a
</code></pre>
<p>which returns</p>
<pre><code>(2, 4, 6)
</code></pre>
<p>Vectors can be used in matrix-multiplication, and have methods which might be useful such as ".dot_product".</p>
<p>Btw, it is probably not a good idea in Sage o... | 1 | 2012-06-15T14:37:11Z | [
"python",
"list"
] |
List/Arrays - Check Dates | 518,782 | <p>I'm trying to make a program that checks an array to make sure there are four folders with partially same names.</p>
<p>So</p>
<p>For a date like 0103 (jan 3rd), there should be 0103-1, 0103-2, 0103-3, and 0103-4. Other folders are like 0107-1, 0107-2, 0107-3, 0107-4. How do I go about doing this? I thought about ... | 0 | 2009-02-06T01:35:00Z | 518,798 | <pre><code>import os
def myfunc(date, num):
for x in range(1, num+1):
filename = str(date) + "-" + str(x)
if os.path.exists(filename):
print(filename+" exists")
else:
print(filename+" does not exist")
myfunc('0102', 3);
</code></pre>
<p><em>0102-1 does not exist</e... | 3 | 2009-02-06T01:46:44Z | [
"python",
"sorting"
] |
List/Arrays - Check Dates | 518,782 | <p>I'm trying to make a program that checks an array to make sure there are four folders with partially same names.</p>
<p>So</p>
<p>For a date like 0103 (jan 3rd), there should be 0103-1, 0103-2, 0103-3, and 0103-4. Other folders are like 0107-1, 0107-2, 0107-3, 0107-4. How do I go about doing this? I thought about ... | 0 | 2009-02-06T01:35:00Z | 519,196 | <p>Here's a naive way to find the largest common leading substring given an array of strings:</p>
<pre><code>>>> arr = ['0102-1', '0102-2', '0102-3']
>>> for i in reversed(range(len(arr[0]))):
... for s in arr:
... if not s.startswith(arr[0][:i+1]):
... break
... else:
... ... | 0 | 2009-02-06T05:16:05Z | [
"python",
"sorting"
] |
Getting OperationalError: FATAL: sorry, too many clients already using psycopg2 | 519,296 | <p>I am getting the error OperationalError: FATAL: sorry, too many clients already when using psycopg2. I am calling the close method on my connection instance after I am done with it. I am not sure what could be causing this, it is my first experience with python and postgresql, but I have a few years experience with ... | 3 | 2009-02-06T06:15:50Z | 519,304 | <p>This error means what it says, there are too many clients connected to postgreSQL. Are you the only one connected to this database? Are you running a graphical IDE? What method are you using to connect? Are you testing queries at the same time that you running the code? any of these things could be the problem. If y... | 4 | 2009-02-06T06:24:20Z | [
"python",
"postgresql",
"psycopg2"
] |
Getting OperationalError: FATAL: sorry, too many clients already using psycopg2 | 519,296 | <p>I am getting the error OperationalError: FATAL: sorry, too many clients already when using psycopg2. I am calling the close method on my connection instance after I am done with it. I am not sure what could be causing this, it is my first experience with python and postgresql, but I have a few years experience with ... | 3 | 2009-02-06T06:15:50Z | 15,046,529 | <p>Make sure your db connection command isn't in any kind of loop. I was getting the same error from my script until I moved my db.database() out of my programs repeating execution loop.</p>
| 1 | 2013-02-23T22:34:39Z | [
"python",
"postgresql",
"psycopg2"
] |
Lazy Method for Reading Big File in Python? | 519,633 | <p>I have a very big file 4GB and when I try to read it my computer hangs.
So I want to read it piece by piece and after processing each piece store the processed piece into another file and read next piece.</p>
<p>Is there any method to <code>yield</code> these pieces ?</p>
<p>I would love to have a <strong>lazy met... | 156 | 2009-02-06T09:11:13Z | 519,653 | <p>To write a lazy function, just use <a href="http://docs.python.org/tutorial/classes.html#generators"><code>yield</code></a>:</p>
<pre><code>def read_in_chunks(file_object, chunk_size=1024):
"""Lazy function (generator) to read a file piece by piece.
Default chunk size: 1k."""
while True:
data = ... | 231 | 2009-02-06T09:20:08Z | [
"python",
"file-io",
"generator"
] |
Lazy Method for Reading Big File in Python? | 519,633 | <p>I have a very big file 4GB and when I try to read it my computer hangs.
So I want to read it piece by piece and after processing each piece store the processed piece into another file and read next piece.</p>
<p>Is there any method to <code>yield</code> these pieces ?</p>
<p>I would love to have a <strong>lazy met... | 156 | 2009-02-06T09:11:13Z | 519,667 | <p>Take a look at <a href="http://neopythonic.blogspot.com/2008/10/sorting-million-32-bit-integers-in-2mb.html">this post on Neopythonic</a>: "Sorting a million 32-bit integers in 2MB of RAM using Python"</p>
| 18 | 2009-02-06T09:28:12Z | [
"python",
"file-io",
"generator"
] |
Lazy Method for Reading Big File in Python? | 519,633 | <p>I have a very big file 4GB and when I try to read it my computer hangs.
So I want to read it piece by piece and after processing each piece store the processed piece into another file and read next piece.</p>
<p>Is there any method to <code>yield</code> these pieces ?</p>
<p>I would love to have a <strong>lazy met... | 156 | 2009-02-06T09:11:13Z | 519,693 | <p>You can use the <a href="http://docs.python.org/library/mmap.html">mmap module</a> to map the contents of the file into memory and access it with indices and slices. Here an example from the documentation:</p>
<pre><code>import mmap
with open("hello.txt", "r+") as f:
# memory-map the file, size 0 means whole fi... | 20 | 2009-02-06T09:41:29Z | [
"python",
"file-io",
"generator"
] |
Lazy Method for Reading Big File in Python? | 519,633 | <p>I have a very big file 4GB and when I try to read it my computer hangs.
So I want to read it piece by piece and after processing each piece store the processed piece into another file and read next piece.</p>
<p>Is there any method to <code>yield</code> these pieces ?</p>
<p>I would love to have a <strong>lazy met... | 156 | 2009-02-06T09:11:13Z | 519,770 | <p>I'm in a somewhat similar situation. It's not clear whether you know chunk size in bytes; I usually don't, but the number of records (lines) that is required is known:</p>
<pre><code>def get_line():
with open('4gb_file') as file:
for i in file:
yield i
lines_required = 100
gen = get_line... | 1 | 2009-02-06T10:12:47Z | [
"python",
"file-io",
"generator"
] |
Lazy Method for Reading Big File in Python? | 519,633 | <p>I have a very big file 4GB and when I try to read it my computer hangs.
So I want to read it piece by piece and after processing each piece store the processed piece into another file and read next piece.</p>
<p>Is there any method to <code>yield</code> these pieces ?</p>
<p>I would love to have a <strong>lazy met... | 156 | 2009-02-06T09:11:13Z | 519,818 | <p>i am not allowed to comment due to my low reputation, but SilentGhosts solution should be much easier with file.readlines([sizehint])</p>
<p><a href="http://docs.python.org/library/stdtypes.html#file-objects" rel="nofollow">python file methods</a></p>
<p>edit: SilentGhost is right, but this should be better than:<... | 1 | 2009-02-06T10:37:22Z | [
"python",
"file-io",
"generator"
] |
Lazy Method for Reading Big File in Python? | 519,633 | <p>I have a very big file 4GB and when I try to read it my computer hangs.
So I want to read it piece by piece and after processing each piece store the processed piece into another file and read next piece.</p>
<p>Is there any method to <code>yield</code> these pieces ?</p>
<p>I would love to have a <strong>lazy met... | 156 | 2009-02-06T09:11:13Z | 2,111,801 | <p>file.readlines() takes in an optional size argument which approximates the number of lines read in the lines returned.</p>
<pre><code>bigfile = open('bigfilename','r')
tmp_lines = bigfile.readlines(BUF_SIZE)
while tmp_lines:
process([line for line in tmp_lines])
tmp_lines = bigfile.readlines(BUF_SIZE)
</cod... | 18 | 2010-01-21T18:27:59Z | [
"python",
"file-io",
"generator"
] |
Lazy Method for Reading Big File in Python? | 519,633 | <p>I have a very big file 4GB and when I try to read it my computer hangs.
So I want to read it piece by piece and after processing each piece store the processed piece into another file and read next piece.</p>
<p>Is there any method to <code>yield</code> these pieces ?</p>
<p>I would love to have a <strong>lazy met... | 156 | 2009-02-06T09:11:13Z | 9,952,333 | <pre><code>f = ... # file-like object, i.e. supporting read(size) function and
# returning empty string '' when there is nothing to read
def chunked(file, chunk_size):
return iter(lambda: file.read(chunk_size), '')
for data in chunked(f, 65536):
# process the data
</code></pre>
<p>UPDATE: The approa... | 6 | 2012-03-31T01:50:18Z | [
"python",
"file-io",
"generator"
] |
Lazy Method for Reading Big File in Python? | 519,633 | <p>I have a very big file 4GB and when I try to read it my computer hangs.
So I want to read it piece by piece and after processing each piece store the processed piece into another file and read next piece.</p>
<p>Is there any method to <code>yield</code> these pieces ?</p>
<p>I would love to have a <strong>lazy met... | 156 | 2009-02-06T09:11:13Z | 10,405,648 | <p>To process line by line, this is an elegant solution:</p>
<pre><code> def stream_lines(file_name):
file = open(file_name)
while True:
line = file.readline()
if not line:
file.close()
break
yield line
</code></pre>
<p>As long as there're no blank lines.</p>
| 0 | 2012-05-01T23:12:15Z | [
"python",
"file-io",
"generator"
] |
Lazy Method for Reading Big File in Python? | 519,633 | <p>I have a very big file 4GB and when I try to read it my computer hangs.
So I want to read it piece by piece and after processing each piece store the processed piece into another file and read next piece.</p>
<p>Is there any method to <code>yield</code> these pieces ?</p>
<p>I would love to have a <strong>lazy met... | 156 | 2009-02-06T09:11:13Z | 19,802,839 | <p>I think we can write like this:</p>
<pre><code>def read_file(path, block_size=1024):
with open(path, 'rb') as f:
while True:
piece = f.read(block_size)
if piece:
yield piece
else:
return
for piece in read_file(path):
process... | 1 | 2013-11-06T02:15:10Z | [
"python",
"file-io",
"generator"
] |
Lazy Method for Reading Big File in Python? | 519,633 | <p>I have a very big file 4GB and when I try to read it my computer hangs.
So I want to read it piece by piece and after processing each piece store the processed piece into another file and read next piece.</p>
<p>Is there any method to <code>yield</code> these pieces ?</p>
<p>I would love to have a <strong>lazy met... | 156 | 2009-02-06T09:11:13Z | 30,775,393 | <p>There are already many good answers, but I ran into a similar issue recently and the solution I needed is not listed here, so I figured I could complement this thread.</p>
<p>80% of the time, I need to read files line by line. Then, as suggested in this <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/a/519653/628786">answer</a>,... | 3 | 2015-06-11T08:23:16Z | [
"python",
"file-io",
"generator"
] |
Lazy Method for Reading Big File in Python? | 519,633 | <p>I have a very big file 4GB and when I try to read it my computer hangs.
So I want to read it piece by piece and after processing each piece store the processed piece into another file and read next piece.</p>
<p>Is there any method to <code>yield</code> these pieces ?</p>
<p>I would love to have a <strong>lazy met... | 156 | 2009-02-06T09:11:13Z | 30,916,544 | <p>you can use following code.</p>
<pre><code>file_obj = open('big_file')
</code></pre>
<p>open() returns a file object</p>
<p>then use os.stat for getting size</p>
<pre><code>file_size = os.stat('big_file').st_size
for i in range( file_size/1024):
print file_obj.read(1024)
</code></pre>
| 0 | 2015-06-18T13:20:52Z | [
"python",
"file-io",
"generator"
] |
Is there a HAML implementation for use with Python and Django | 519,671 | <p>I happened to stumble across <a href="http://haml-lang.com/">HAML</a>, an interesting and beautiful way to mark up contents and write templates for HTML.</p>
<p>Since I use Python and Django for my web developing need, I would like to see if there is a Python implementation of HAML (or some similar concepts -- need... | 68 | 2009-02-06T09:30:01Z | 519,679 | <p>I'd check out <a href="https://github.com/derdon/ghrml">GHRML</a>, Haml for Genshi. The author admits that it's basically Haml for Python and that most of the syntax is the same (and that it works in Django). Here's some GHRML just to show you how close they are:</p>
<pre><code>%html
%head
%title Hello World
... | 21 | 2009-02-06T09:36:46Z | [
"python",
"django",
"django-templates",
"haml"
] |
Is there a HAML implementation for use with Python and Django | 519,671 | <p>I happened to stumble across <a href="http://haml-lang.com/">HAML</a>, an interesting and beautiful way to mark up contents and write templates for HTML.</p>
<p>Since I use Python and Django for my web developing need, I would like to see if there is a Python implementation of HAML (or some similar concepts -- need... | 68 | 2009-02-06T09:30:01Z | 1,582,702 | <p>This doesn't actually answer your question, but the CSS component of HAML, <a href="http://sass-lang.com/" rel="nofollow">SASS</a>, can be used freely with any framework. I'm using it right now with Django. </p>
| 4 | 2009-10-17T17:18:24Z | [
"python",
"django",
"django-templates",
"haml"
] |
Is there a HAML implementation for use with Python and Django | 519,671 | <p>I happened to stumble across <a href="http://haml-lang.com/">HAML</a>, an interesting and beautiful way to mark up contents and write templates for HTML.</p>
<p>Since I use Python and Django for my web developing need, I would like to see if there is a Python implementation of HAML (or some similar concepts -- need... | 68 | 2009-02-06T09:30:01Z | 1,934,207 | <p>You might be interested in SHPAML:</p>
<p><a href="http://shpaml.com/">http://shpaml.com/</a></p>
<p>I am actively maintaining it. It is a simple preprocessor, so it is not tied to any other tools like Genshi. I happen to use it with Django, so there is a little bit of Django support, but it should not interfere... | 35 | 2009-12-19T21:33:50Z | [
"python",
"django",
"django-templates",
"haml"
] |
Is there a HAML implementation for use with Python and Django | 519,671 | <p>I happened to stumble across <a href="http://haml-lang.com/">HAML</a>, an interesting and beautiful way to mark up contents and write templates for HTML.</p>
<p>Since I use Python and Django for my web developing need, I would like to see if there is a Python implementation of HAML (or some similar concepts -- need... | 68 | 2009-02-06T09:30:01Z | 2,765,628 | <p>I'm not sure what the status is of the GHRML bit as I only recently was looking into it. Can't find a repo for it, original developer doesn't have time for it anymore and maintenance was picked up by someone else with an interest in the project. Any extra info on this would be helpful.</p>
<p>Unfortunately, as thes... | 3 | 2010-05-04T13:22:42Z | [
"python",
"django",
"django-templates",
"haml"
] |
Is there a HAML implementation for use with Python and Django | 519,671 | <p>I happened to stumble across <a href="http://haml-lang.com/">HAML</a>, an interesting and beautiful way to mark up contents and write templates for HTML.</p>
<p>Since I use Python and Django for my web developing need, I would like to see if there is a Python implementation of HAML (or some similar concepts -- need... | 68 | 2009-02-06T09:30:01Z | 3,324,983 | <p>i'm looking for the same. I haven't tried it, but found this:</p>
<p><a href="http://github.com/jessemiller/HamlPy">http://github.com/jessemiller/HamlPy</a></p>
| 18 | 2010-07-24T11:56:45Z | [
"python",
"django",
"django-templates",
"haml"
] |
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