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led by queen Dido. The city developed into a maritime power that dominated the Mediterranean Sea. 811 BC—Adad-nirari III succeeds his father Shamshi-Adad V as king of Assyria. Significant
trends 817 BC—Pedubastis I declares himself king of Egypt, founding the Twenty-third Dynasty. 814 BC—Carthage is founded by
Shoshenq III, sons of Takelot, battle for the throne. 825 BC/824 BC—Ariphron, King of Athens, dies after a reign of 20 years and is succeeded by his son Thespieus. 825 BC—Dido, founder of Carthage flees Tyre after the death of Acerbas 823 BC—Death of Shalmaneser III, king of Assyria. He is succeeded by his son Shamshi-...
Chu. 825 BC—Takelot II, king of Egypt, dies. Crown Prince Osorkon III and Shoshenq III, sons of Takelot, battle for the throne. 825 BC/824 BC—Ariphron, King of Athens, dies after a reign of 20 years and is succeeded by his son Thespieus. 825 BC—Dido, founder of Carthage flees Tyre after the death
IV, pharaoh of Egypt is born (approximate date). References kk:Б. з. д. 832 жыл
an expedition against the Tabareni. 836 BC—Civil war breaks out in Egypt. Significant people Adad-nirari
849 BC – 840 BC. Events and trends 845 BC—Pherecles, King of Athens, dies after a reign of 19 years and is succeeded
the period 849 BC – 840 BC. Events and trends 845 BC—Pherecles, King of Athens, dies after a reign of 19 years and is succeeded by his son Ariphron. 842 BC—Shalmaneser III devastates
composes the Iliad and Odyssey. c. 850 BC—Mesha erects the Mesha Stele, the Moabite Stone; the story is 34 lines, nearly complete and reveals the name 'Israel', a story of Mesha's revolt against the Kingdom of ancient Israel. Nazarites and Rechabites establish early temperance movement.
the Moabite Stone; the story is 34 lines, nearly complete and reveals the name 'Israel', a story of Mesha's revolt against the Kingdom of ancient Israel. Nazarites and Rechabites establish early temperance movement. Births Shamshi-Adad V, king of Assyria, is born (approximate date). Deaths Feizi, 1st Ruler of Qin Refer...
in current Syria on the banks of the Euphrates River, is conquered by the Assyrian king Ashurnasirpal II. 864 BC—Diognetus, King of Athens, dies after a
article concerns the period 869 BC – 860 BC. Events and trends 865 BC—Kar Kalmaneser (also known as Tell Ahmar and Til Barsib), an independent Neo-Hittite kingdom located in current Syria on the
began a diary documenting the development of her daughter Marianne: she explored parenthood, the values she placed on her role as a mother; her faith, and, later, relations between Marianne and her sister, Meta. In 1836 she co-authored with her husband a cycle of poems, Sketches among the Poor, which was published in B...
known novels are Cranford (1851–53), North and South (1854–55), and Wives and Daughters (1865), each having been adapted for television by the BBC. Early life Gaskell was born Elizabeth Cleghorn Stevenson on 29 September 1810 in Lindsey Row, Chelsea, London, at the house that is now 93 Cheyne Walk. The doctor who deliv...
that Assurnasirpal II gives a banquet for 69,574 persons to celebrate it. 878 BC—Zhou li wang becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China. 877 BC—Parshvanatha, the 23rd Tirthankara of Jainism was born in India. 874 BC—Osorkon II succeeds Takelot I as king
to celebrate it. 878 BC—Zhou li wang becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China. 877 BC—Parshvanatha, the 23rd Tirthankara of Jainism was born in India. 874 BC—Osorkon II succeeds Takelot I as king of
restored to the throne. 883 BC—Ashurnasirpal II succeeds his father Tukulti-Ninurta II as king of Assyria. 880 BC—Ashurnasirpal moves the Assyrian royal capital to Kalhu (modern Nimrud, Iraq). Human-headed winged
II succeeds Osorkon I as king of Egypt. 885 BC—Takelot I succeeds Soshenq II as king of Egypt. 885 BC—King Yi of Zhou, son of King Yih, is restored to the throne. 883 BC—Ashurnasirpal II succeeds his father Tukulti-Ninurta II as king of
BC—Megacles, King of Athens, dies after a reign of 30 years and is succeeded by his son Diognetus. 892 BC—King
period 899 BC – 890 BC. Events and trends 899 BC—The first year of King Yih of Zhou's reign is marked by a solar eclipse. 892 BC—Megacles, King of Athens, dies after a reign of 30 years
BC — San Lorenzo, the center of early Olmec culture, is destroyed, probably by migrating peoples from the north, and power passes to La Venta in Tabasco. c. 900 BC - La Venta starts to thrive. c. 900 BC - Colossal head (no. 4) from La Venta, Mexico, is made. Olmec culture. It is now kept at La Venta Park, Villahermosa,...
909 BC to 900 BC. Events and trends 909 BC — Jeroboam, the first king of the northern Hebrew kingdom of Israel, dies and is succeeded by his son Nadab. c. 900 BC — the Adichanallur relics, from Tamilnadu Culture, India are 2,900 years old: The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) c. 900 BC — the Villanovan culture emer...
ancient Kingdom of Judah. 911 BC – Adad-nirari II succeeds his father Ashur-Dan II as king of Assyria. 911 BC – Abijah, king of Judah, dies. Significant people Ashurnasirpal II, king of Assyria, is born (approximate date). Omri, king
919 BC to 910 BC. Events and trends 915 BC (by William F. Albright) – Death of Rehoboam, King of the
father Shoshenq I as king of Egypt. 922 BC—Phorbas, Archon of Athens, dies after a reign of 30 years and is succeeded by his son Megacles. 920 BC—A transit of Venus occurs.
is a decade which lasted from 929 BC to 920 BC. Events and trends 928 BC—On the death of King Solomon, his son Rehoboam is unable to hold the
delta and the Nuaraque group, whose constituent tribes inhabited several areas, including most of the upper Amazon (west of what is now Manaus) and also significant pockets in modern Amapá and Roraima states. The names by which the different Tupi tribes were recorded by Portuguese and French authors of the 16th century...
from Cananeia all the way down to Lagoa dos Patos (in Rio Grande do Sul state); victims of the Tupiniquim and early European slavers; they hosted the mysterious degredado known as the 'Bachelor of Cananeia') Charrúa (Tapuia (Jê) tribe in modern Uruguay coast, with an aggressive reputation against intruders; killed Juan...
Assyria. 934 BC—Zhou yi wang becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China. 931 BC—Solomon died in Jerusalem. The country split into two kingdoms: Israel (including the cities of Shechem and Samaria) in the north and Judah (containing Jerusalem) in the south. Significant people Baasha, king of Israel,
king of Assyria. 934 BC—Ashur-dan II succeeds his father as King of Assyria. 934 BC—Zhou yi wang becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China. 931 BC—Solomon died in Jerusalem. The country split into two kingdoms: Israel (including the cities of Shechem and Samaria) in the north and Judah (containing Jerusalem) in
BC—Zhou gong wang becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China. 945 BC—Egypt: Psusennes III dies, the last king of the Twenty-first Dynasty. Shoshenq I succeeds him, the founder of the Twenty-second Dynasty. 940 BC—The Temple of Solomon
BC—Death of Zhou mo wang, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China. 946 BC—Zhou gong wang becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China. 945 BC—Egypt: Psusennes III dies, the last king of the Twenty-first Dynasty. Shoshenq I succeeds
from 959 BC to 950 BC. Events and trends 959 BC—Psusennes II succeeds Siamun as king of Egypt. 957 BC–Solomon's Temple is completed. 959 BC is also a proposed date. 957 BC—The reign of Mu Wang of the Zhou Dynasty begins. 952 BC—Thersippus, King of Athens dies after a reign of 41 years and is succeeded by his son Phorba...
completed. 959 BC is also a proposed date. 957 BC—The reign of Mu Wang of the Zhou Dynasty begins. 952 BC—Thersippus, King of Athens dies after a reign of 41 years and is succeeded by his son Phorbas. 950 BC—Northern Egypt starts to be ruled by Libyan pharaohs. The Libyans build cities and for the first time a sturdy u...
and trends 967 BC—Tiglath-Pileser II becomes King of Assyria. 967 BC—Solomon becomes king of the Israelites. (962 BC—traditional date) 965 BC—David, king of the ancient Israelites, died. Significant people Solomon becomes king of the Kingdom of Israel
king of the Israelites. (962 BC—traditional date) 965 BC—David, king of the ancient Israelites, died. Significant people Solomon becomes king of the Kingdom of Israel Snake Spine, Ajaw of Palenque, semi legendary
David. Significant people King Zhao of Zhou (reign 977/75-957) fourth king of the Chinese Zhou dynasty ascended the
date of the death of King David. Significant people King Zhao of Zhou (reign 977/75-957) fourth king of the Chinese Zhou dynasty ascended the throne. Shoshenq I, pharaoh of Egypt. is
989 BC to 980 BC. Events and trends 984 BC—Osorkon the Elder succeeds Amenemope as king
Egypt. 982 BC—The end of first period (1197 BC–982 BC) by Sau Yung's concept of the I
by his son Thersippus. 993 BC—Amenemope succeeds Psusennes I as king of Egypt. Significant people Tiglath-Pileser II, king of Assyria, is born (approximate date). Solomon, king of
998 BC—King David establishes Jerusalem as the capital of the Kingdom of Israel. 994 BC—Archippus, Archon of Athens dies after a reign of 19 years and is succeeded by his son Thersippus. 993 BC—Amenemope succeeds Psusennes
released here" events to a client, which then has to figure out if the event is in the button, switch the state, and finally instruct the server to display the new state. If client and server are not on the same machine, these interactions must travel over the network, which results in a delay in responding. NeWS was a...
required for full interaction. The input handling system was designed to provide strong event synchronization guarantees that were not possible with asynchronous protocols like X. To support user interface widgets, NeWS expanded the original PostScript stack-based language into a complete object oriented (OO) programmi...
Nasser Tawfik (born 1967), Egyptian physicist Abdelnasser Ouadah (born 1975), Algerian footballer Abdulnaser Slil (born 1981), Libyan footballer Abdul Nasir (Guantanamo detainee 874) (born 1981), Afghan Abdoul Nassirou Omouroun (born 1987), Togolese footballer Abdinasir Said Ibrahim (born 1989), Somali athlete Abd Al-N...
It is built from the Arabic words Abd, al- and Nasser. The name means "servant of the Helper", An-Nasser being a Muslim theophoric name. The letter a of the al- is unstressed, and can be transliterated by almost any vowel, often by u. The short "u" is taken from the classical Arabic nominative case ending, whereby the ...
Flirt (Remix)", and the hip hopera "Trapped in the Closet". In 1998, Kelly won three Grammy Awards for "I Believe I Can Fly". Although Kelly is primarily a singer and songwriter, he has written, produced, and remixed songs, singles, and albums for other artists. In 1996, he was nominated for a Grammy Award for writing ...
entitled "PYD". Kelly was featured on the soundtrack album of the film The Best Man Holiday with his song "Christmas, I'll Be Steppin'". Kelly stated his intention to tour with R&B singer Mary J. Blige on "The King & Queen Tour" prior to the Black Panties Tour while continuing to create segments of the hip hopera Trapp...
the common weeks which do not belong to a proper season. In Latin, these seasons are called the weeks , or "through the year". In the current form of the Roman Rite adopted following the Second Vatican Council, Ordinary Time consists of 33 or 34 Sundays and is divided into two sections. The first portion extends from t...
it has a distinct theme. The season of Eliyah has a length of one to three Sundays. Season of Sliba starts on Sunday on or after the feast of the glorious cross and has a length of three to four weeks. The first Sunday of Sliba is always considered as the fourth Sunday of the combined season. The season of Moses always...
Jacks are often mated with mares to produce mules; the biological reciprocal of a mule, from a stallion and jenny, is a hinny. Nomenclature Traditionally, the scientific name for the donkey is Equus asinus asinus based on the principle of priority used for scientific names of animals. However, the International Commiss...
mining boom, many of them escaped or were abandoned, and a feral population established itself. Conservation status About 41 million donkeys were reported worldwide in 2006. China had the most with 11 million, followed by Pakistan, Ethiopia and Mexico. As of 2017, however, the Chinese population was reported to have dr...
be over 500 years old. All clams have two calcareous shells or valves joined near a hinge with a flexible ligament and all are filter feeders. Anatomy A clam's shell consists of two (usually equal) valves, which are connected by a hinge joint and a ligament that can be external or internal. The ligament provides tensio...
southwestern coast of India, also known as the Konkan region of Maharashtra, clams are used in curries and side dishes, like Tisaryachi Ekshipi, which is clams with one shell on. Beary Muslim households in the Mangalore region prepare a main dish with clams called Kowldo Pinde. In Udupi and Mangalore regions it is call...
in The Fort Wayne Sentinel in 1906. The dresses were "imported from Paris" and featured "original lines." Jumpers in the United States were part of the sportswear collections of Jean Patou, Coco Chanel and Paul Poiret. Suzanne Lenglen wore Patou's jumper design in the 1920s. The dresses, worn over blouses, became popul...
in the back, for example), the garment is typically described as an apron dress. History Jumpers for fall were described in The Fort Wayne Sentinel in 1906. The dresses were "imported from Paris" and featured "original lines." Jumpers in the United States were part of the sportswear collections of Jean Patou, Coco Chan...
masks and particulate respirators (like N95 masks) are examples of this type of respirator. A second type of respirator protects users by providing clean, respirable air from another source. This type includes airline respirators and self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). In work environments, respirators are relie...
the body protected, by the types of hazard, and by the type of garment or accessory. A single itemfor example, bootsmay provide multiple forms of protection: a steel toe cap and steel insoles for protection of the feet from crushing or puncture injuries, impervious rubber and lining for protection from water and chemic...
and typically involves sex which does not include elements of bondage, discipline, dominance and submission, sadomasochism (BDSM), kink, or fetishism. Description What is regarded as conventional sex depends on cultural and subcultural norms. Among heterosexual couples in the Western world, for example, conventional se...
discipline, dominance and submission, sadomasochism (BDSM), kink, or fetishism. Description What is regarded as conventional sex depends on cultural and subcultural norms. Among heterosexual couples in the Western world, for example, conventional sex often refers to sexual intercourse in the missionary position. It can...
formula for the longevity drug, which is known only to Devereaux and not written down, can be preserved and kept secret. Liz discovers to her horror and disgust that her father Frank is also in the Ice Box, but has been buried under the ice for ten years as part of an experiment, but the experiment fails when the Ice B...
the other side of the Iron Curtain, and Traynor is concerned that if the research work done at the base had fallen into his hands, it could be used against the West. While out playing near the ruins of the naval base, Liz and Simon encounter the Time Barrier for the first time. They are transported back to 1940, to the...
Hacibey (or Khadjibey). After a period of Lithuanian Grand Duchy control, Hacibey and surroundings became part of the domain of the Ottomans in 1529 and remained there until the empire's defeat in the Russo-Turkish War of 1792. In 1794, the city of Odessa was founded by a decree of the Russian empress Catherine the Gre...
acquired Ochakov Oblast was promised to the Cossacks by the Russian government for resettlement. On permission of the Archbishop of Yekaterinoslav Amvrosiy, the Black Sea Kosh Host, that was located around the area between Bender and Ochakiv, built second after Sucleia wooden church of Saint Nicholas. By the Highest re...
value of food imports were a little over half of the value of manufactured imports. As the global economy entered the first stages of the Great Depression in late 1929, the main goal of the US was to protect its jobs and farmers from foreign competition. Smoot championed another tariff increase within the United States...
life and property in the World War and for its failure to adjust purchasing power to productive capacity during the industrial revolution of the decade following the war. Smoot was a Republican from Utah and chairman of the Senate Finance Committee. Willis C. Hawley, a Republican from Oregon, was chairman of the House ...
on March 17, 1980, and became effective on April 1, 1980. This was the first comprehensive amendment of U.S. general immigration laws designed to face up to the realities of modern refugee situations by stating a clear-cut national policy and providing a flexible mechanism to meet the rapidly shifting developments of t...
1965 by defining a refugee as any person who is outside his or her country of residence or nationality, or without nationality, and is unable or unwilling to return to, and is unable or unwilling to avail himself or herself of the protection of, that country because of persecution or a well-founded fear of persecution ...
tariff will often lead to the foreign country increasing their tariffs as well, leading to a loss of welfare in both countries. When countries impose tariffs on each other, they will reach a position off the contract curve, meaning that both countries' welfare could be increased by reducing tariffs. Political analysis ...
measures, such as banning the import of woollen cloth in an attempt to develop local woollen cloth manufacturing. Beginning in 1489, Henry VII took actions such as increasing export duties on raw wool. The Tudor monarchs, especially Henry VIII and Elizabeth I, used protectionism, subsidies, distribution of monopoly rig...
Traffico e Ambiente, a transport association in Switzerland Atlantic Treaty Association Aberri Ta Askatasuna, the original name of the Basque organization ETA Artists' Television Access microcinema, San Francisco, US Places Antarctica's ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 country code Áta, a village in Hungary Ața, a river in Romania ʻ...
adapter, a device for connecting analog telephones to a Voice-over-IP system Education Ashcroft Technology Academy, Wandsworth, London, England Advanced Technologies Academy, a high school in Las Vegas, Nevada, USA Asia Theological Association Alberta Teachers' Association, Canada Automotive Technician Accreditation, s...
through the ATA hard disk interface, usually between the computer and an ATA device. UDMA succeeded Single/Multiword DMA as the interface of choice between ATA devices and the computer. There are
Access, UDMA) modes were the fastest method used to transfer data through the ATA hard disk interface, usually between the computer and an ATA device. UDMA succeeded Single/Multiword DMA as the interface of choice between
the Federal Reserve to connect the monetary policy with the Presidential economic policy. The Act set specific numerical goals for the President to attain. By 1983, unemployment rates should be not more than 3% for persons aged 20 or over and not more than 4% for persons aged 16 or over, and inflation rates should not ...
means to balance the budget. Instructs the government to establish a balance of trade, i.e., to avoid trade surpluses or deficits. Mandates the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve to establish a monetary policy that maintains long-run growth, minimizes inflation, and promotes price stability. Instructs the Board ...
can be over millions of years, whereas a timeline for the day of the September 11 attacks can take place over minutes, and that of an explosion over milliseconds. While many timelines use a linear timescale—especially where very large or small timespans are relevant -- logarithmic timelines entail a logarithmic scale o...
historical events and trends for a subject. To show time on a specific scale on an axis, a timeline can visualize time lapses between events, durations (such as lifetimes or wars), and the simultaneity or the overlap of spans and events. In historical studies Timelines are particularly useful for studying history, as t...
involved in the transforming the United States into a commercial, manufacturing, and maritime power." Tonnage duty legislation and US foreign relations In its final form, the tariff erected "an American navigation system," superseding the individual state sanctioned fees designed to protect domestic shipping during the...
foster cheap consumer imports. Ultimately, Madison navigated the tariff to passage, but he was unable to include a provision in the final bill that would have discriminated against British imports. After passing both houses of Congress, President Washington signed the act in law on July 6th 1789 when they used it to pa...
point where the city of Pittsburgh now stands. It received its name during the colonial-era French and Indian War of 1753–1763 (also known as the Seven Years' War in Europe), when it was constructed by British General Edward Braddock, who was accompanied by Colonel George Washington of the Virginia militia regiment in ...
still following Chief Nemacolin's trail across the ford, or taking a ferry to West Brownsville, moving through Washington County, Pennsylvania, and passing into Wheeling, Virginia (now West Virginia), away on the Ohio River. Subsequent efforts pushed the road across the states of Ohio and Indiana and into the Illinois ...
sentenced to 500 lashes. (American diplomatic pressure led to the return of the three Americans, without the dispensing of punishment.) The outraged nation demanded action, and President Jefferson ordered all British ships out of American waters. Initial legislation Passed on December 22, 1807, the Act did the followin...
it may... induce England to treat us better," wrote Gallatin to Jefferson shortly after the bill had become law, "I think is entirely groundless... government prohibitions do always more mischief than had been calculated; and it is not without much hesitation that a statesman should hazard to regulate the concerns of i...
the Mississippi Territory, Congress allowed slaves to be transferred from the rest of the United States to Mississippi Territory, and exempted the territory from the part of the 1787 Northwest Ordinance that abolished slavery in the Northwest Territory (modern-day Midwest) after 1800. However, the same act also abolish...
act also abolished the importation of slaves to the Mississippi Territory from "foreign parts" (foreign nations). The penalty for illegally importing slaves from abroad to the territory was a fine of $300. In the Slave Trade Act of 1800, Congress outlawed U.S. citizens' investment in the trade, and the employment of U....
or French ports. Its intent was to damage the economies of the United Kingdom and France. Like its predecessor, the Embargo Act, it was mostly ineffective, and contributed to the coming of the War of 1812. In addition, it seriously damaged the economy of the United States. The Non-Intercourse
economies of the United Kingdom and France. Like its predecessor, the Embargo Act, it was mostly ineffective, and contributed to the coming of the War of 1812. In addition, it seriously damaged the economy of the United States. The Non-Intercourse Act was followed by Macon's Bill Number 2. Despite hurting the economy a...
exploited the bill to further his Continental System, effectively a French embargo on Britain that France tried to enforce on continental Europe, and to damage British-American relations. A message was sent to the United States, purporting to agree to the law's demand. President James Madison, a staunch opponent of the...
that other country also agreed to cease disrupting American shipping. Napoleon successfully exploited the bill to further his Continental System, effectively a French embargo on Britain that France tried to enforce on continental Europe, and to damage British-American relations. A message was sent to the United States,...
Fayetteville, North Carolina (1817) Lexington, Kentucky (1817) Louisville, Kentucky (1817) Middletown, Connecticut (1817) New Orleans, Louisiana (1817) New York City, New York (1817) Norfolk, Virginia (1817) Portsmouth, New Hampshire (1817) Providence, Rhode Island (1817) Richmond, Virginia (1817) Savannah, Georgia (18...
6, 1823 Nicholas Biddle, January 6, 1823 – March 1839 Thomas Dunlap, March 1839 – February 1841 William Drayton, 1841 James Robertson, 1841 – March 22, 1852 Terms of charter The Second Bank was America's national bank, comparable to the Bank of England and the Bank of France, with one key distinction – the United State...
and Company of the Bank of the United States, commonly known as the First Bank of the United States, was a national bank, chartered for a term of twenty years, by the United States Congress on February 25, 1791. It followed the Bank of North America, the nation's first de facto national bank. However, neither served th...
necessary to stabilize and improve the nation's credit, and to improve handling of the financial business of the United States government under the newly enacted Constitution. The First Bank building, located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, within Independence National Historical Park, was completed in 1797, and is a Na...
the bank continued to operate with difficulty under its congressional charter and then under a Delaware charter. The following year the Assembly granted a new charter with several restrictions, including that it could not trade any merchandise other than bullion. The Bank of North America, along with the First Bank of ...
First Bank of the United States, a position he held from 1791 to 1807. Bank certificates By 1783, Congress and several states including Massachusetts enacted legislation, allowing Americans to pay taxes with Bank of North America certificates, giving them a crucial aspect of legal tender. Subsequent history In the econ...
vetoed by President Madison World War Adjusted Compensation
legislation vetoed by President Madison World War Adjusted
so unfavorable that it would be defeated in Congress, hurting Adams and Clay in the process. To the astonishment of the alliance, New England voted for the final bill, on the grounds that the principle of protection was of enormous value. The bill passed the house 105 to 94 on 23 April and passed the Senate 26 to 21 on...
from the Cotton Belt, particularly those from South Carolina, felt they were harmed directly by having to pay more for imports from Europe. Allegedly, the South was also harmed indirectly because reducing the exportation of British goods to the U.S. would make it difficult for the British to pay for the cotton they imp...
be in force until the end of the next session of Congress, and no longer." Background behind implementation South Carolina had been sorely disappointed by negotiations surrounding the Tariffs of 1828 and 1832. The state declared the two acts unconstitutional and refused to collect federal import tariffs. President Andr...
of U.S. federal law, or interfere with the process of any federal court. This section authorizes the president to use whatever force necessary to suppress such insurrections, "and to cause the said laws or process to be duly executed". Section 6 deals with states that refuse to jail persons imprisoned under federal law...
slavery in the states, and the second that it "ought not" to interfere with slavery in the District of Columbia. The third was known from the beginning as the "gag rule", and passed with a vote of 117 to 68: From the inception of the gag resolutions, Adams was a central figure in the opposition to them. He argued that ...
renewed, more than a month into the session. The pro-gag forces gradually succeeded in shortening the debate at the beginning of each session, and tightening the gag. Attempt in United States Senate (1836) Senator John C. Calhoun of South Carolina attempted to create a Senate gag rule in 1836. The Senate rejected this ...
the growing concerns about excessive speculations of land after the Indian removal, which was mostly done with soft currency. The sale of public lands increased five times between 1834 and 1836. Speculators paid for these purchases with depreciating paper money. While government law already demanded that land purchases...
used paper money from state banks not backed by hard money as a consequence of Jackson's veto of the rechartering of the Second Bank of the United States. Executive order On July 11, 1836, Jackson ordered Secretary of the Treasury Levi Woodbury to issue the Specie Circular under federal law whereby the government refus...
resolve the Mexican–American War (this was only three months into the two-year war). If successful, the Wilmot Proviso would have effectively cancelled out the 1820 Missouri Compromise, since it would have prohibited slavery in an area below the parallel 36°30′ north. It passed the House but failed in the Senate, where...
an attempt to make it part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo also failed. Sectional political disputes over slavery in the Southwest continued until the Compromise of 1850. Background After an earlier attempt to acquire Texas by treaty had failed to receive the necessary two-thirds approval of the Senate, the United S...
of labor at the current level of employment; alternatively, the level of employment would be below the point on that supply curve at the current real wage. Second, in chapter 3, Keynes saw full employment as a situation where "a further increase in the value of the effective demand will no longer be accompanied by any ...
to reduce unemployment. On the other hand, pointing to shortages of some skilled workers, some businesspeople and Classical economists suggest that the U.S. economy is already at full employment, so that any demand stimulus will lead to nothing but rising inflation rates. One example was Narayana Kocherlakota, Presiden...
System (MTS). Work on the new compiler started in 1965 as part of the ARPA sponsored CONCOMP project at the University of Michigan. As work progressed it gradually became clear that MAD/I was a new language independent of the original 7090 version of MAD. GOM (Good Old MAD), a reimplementation of the original 7090 MAD ...
DATA list PAUSE NO. octal-integer (stop execution, print an octal number on the operators console, allow manual restart) END OF PROGRAM (the last statement in all MAD programs) Input and output statements READ DATA (reads data using a self-defining format, var1=value1, var2=value2, ..., varN=valueN READ AND PRINT DATA ...
as levels increase. Other triggers believed to be important in acute episodes of arthritis include cool temperatures, rapid changes in uric acid levels, acidosis, articular hydration and extracellular matrix proteins. The increased precipitation at low temperatures partly explains why the joints in the feet are most co...
Other blood tests commonly performed are white blood cell count, electrolytes, kidney function and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). However, both the white blood cells and ESR may be elevated due to gout in the absence of infection. A white blood cell count as high as 40.0×109/l (40,000/mm3) has been documented. D...
The Walker Tariff was a set of tariff rates adopted by the United States in 1846. Enacted by the Democrats, it made substantial cuts in the high rates of the "Black Tariff" of 1842, enacted by the Whigs. It was based on a report by Secretary of the Treasury Robert J. Walker. The Walker Tariff reduced tariff rates from ...
who advocated a high tariff. President Polk declared that reduction of the "Black Tariff" would be the first of the "four great measures" that would define his administration. He directed Walker to work out the details. In 1846, Polk delivered Walker's tariff proposal to Congress. Walker urged its adoption to increase ...
Mott wrote to say she would bring her sister, Martha Wright, and that the two women would participate in both days of the convention. First day On July 19, 1848, the morning of the first day of convention, the organizing committee arrived at the Wesleyan Methodist Chapel shortly before ten o'clock on a hot, sunny day t...
the executive committee, and Mott spoke to the assemblage. Lucretia Mott raised questions about the validity of blindly following religious and social tradition. Political gains On April 7, 1848, in response to a citizen's petition, the New York State Assembly passed the Married Woman's Property Act, giving women the r...
standards, the average rate for 1857 to 1860 being around 17% overall (ad valorem), 21% on dutiable items only. The Morrill Tariff immediately raised those averages to about 26% overall, or 36% on dutiable items. Further increases by 1865 left the comparable rates at 38% and 48%. Although higher than in the immediate a...
to the tariffs on tea and coffee, which required a conference committee with the House, but they were resolved, and the final bill was approved by unanimous consent on March 2. Though a Democrat himself, President James Buchanan favored the bill because of the interests of his home state, Pennsylvania. He signed the bi...
Indigenous people in the Pacific Northwest, but the act also barred black citizens from owning land and real estate. The act guaranteed land for white settlers and "half-breed" Indian men to the Oregon territory. This act followed the passing of the 1848 territorial organic act which allowed any white settler to claim ...
in 1909. To enable dryland farming, it increased the number of acres for a homestead to given to farmers who accepted more marginal lands (especially in the Great Plains), which could not be easily irrigated. A massive influx of these new farmers, combined with inappropriate cultivation techniques and misunderstanding ...
society as it is, crime can be an anarchist method of social control, especially for people systematically neglected by the legal system. An article based on this presentation appeared in Anarchy magazine and in his 2013 book, Defacing the Currency: Selected Writings, 1992–2012. Black is a longtime critic of democracy,...
2000, Black has focused on topics reflecting his education and reading in the sociology and the ethnography of law, resulting in writings often published in Anarchy: A Journal of Desire Armed. His recent interests have included the anarchist implications of dispute resolution institutions in stateless primitive societi...
If the federal land within a state was insufficient to meet that state's land grant, the state was issued scrip which authorized the state to select federal lands in other states to fund its institution. For example, New York carefully selected valuable timber land in Wisconsin to fund Cornell University. The resulting...
by 1911 the United States was graduating 3,000 engineers a year, with a total of 38,000 in the work force. At the time, Germany was graduating 1,800 engineers per year. The US had become the leader in technical education just 50 years after passage of the Morrill Act. With a few exceptions (including Cornell University...
Charles Sumner (R), Benjamin Wade (R), Morton S. Wilkinson (R), and Henry Wilson (R). Against, were senators Charles R. Buckalew (D), John S. Carlile (U), Garrett Davis (UU), James Rood Doolittle (R), John B. Henderson (UU), Thomas A. Hendricks (D), Henry S. Lane (R), James A. McDougall (D), Lazarus W. Powell (D), Geor...
and Peter G. Van Winkle. Lincoln's veto One of Lincoln's objections was to the idea that seceded states needed to "re-join" the Union (an idea that permeated the whole bill). The philosophy of the war from Lincoln's point of view was that states were not constitutionally allowed to secede in the first place and therefo...
states began passing "free banking" laws in 1837, which meant that any applicant who filled out the correct paperwork and deposited an in-kind payment to the state would be granted a charter. By the 1860s, over half of states had such a law on the books. However, the National Banking Act of 1864 (ch. 106, ; June 3, 186...
$450 million. The largest amount of greenbacks outstanding at any one time was calculated as $447,300,203.10. The National Bank Act (ch. 58, ; February 25, 1863), originally known as the National Currency Act, was passed in the Senate by a 23–21 vote, and was supplemented a year later by the National Banking Act of 186...
Ichabod takes the victim's son, Young Masbath, under his wing. Ichabod and Masbath exhume the victims on a tip from Philipse, learning that the widow died pregnant. After Philipse tells this to Ichabod, the horseman comes and decapitates Philipse, before absconding with his head. Ichabod, Young Masbath, and Katrina, ve...
Horseman, but survives. Ichabod hypothesizes that the Horseman is attacking select targets linked by a conspiracy. He and Masbath visit Hardenbrook, who reveals that the first victim, Peter Van Garrett, had secretly married the widow, writing a new will that left his estate to her and her unborn child. Ichabod deduces ...
southeastern United States region which includes Alabama, Georgia, and Florida; the southwestern United States region which includes New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas; and the third region in the general eastern United States which includes Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. In Georgia, Naomi Chapman Woodroof ...
Dry peanuts can be roasted in the shell or shelled in a home oven if spread out one layer deep in a pan and baked at a temperature of for 15 to 20 min (shelled) and 20 to 25 min (in shell). Boiled peanuts are a popular snack in India, China, West Africa, and the southern United States. In the US South, boiled peanuts a...
to speed growth, see Monetary policy The input to an input/output system, especially in computers See also Stimulus bill (disambiguation), in economics Economic Stimulus Act of 2008, United States 2008 Chinese economic stimulus plan 2008 European Union stimulus plan American
a concept in behaviorism and perception Stimulus (economics) For government spending as stimulus, see Fiscal policy For an increase in money designed to speed growth, see Monetary policy The input to an input/output system, especially in computers See also Stimulus bill (disambiguation), in
city into Northern Israel's tourist center, from where travelers can embark on day trips into Acre, Nazareth, Tiberias, and the Galilee. A new life sciences industrial park containing five buildings with 85,000 square meters of space on a 31-duman (7.75 acre) site is being built adjacent to the Matam industrial park. T...
Haifa because the old port's harbour had become blocked with sand. A Greek-speaking population living along the coast at this time was engaged in commerce. Shikmona Haifa was located near the town of Shikmona, a center for making the traditional Tekhelet dye used in the garments of the high priests in the Temple. The a...
. The discriminant of a polynomial of degree is homogeneous of degree in the roots. This follows from the expression of the discriminant in terms of the roots, which is the product of a constant and squared differences of roots. The discriminant of a polynomial of degree is quasi-homogeneous of degree in the coefficien...
derivative is a polynomial in with integer coefficients, which is the determinant of the Sylvester matrix of and . The nonzero entries of the first column of the Sylvester matrix are and and the resultant is thus a multiple of Hence the discriminant—up to its sign—is defined as the quotient of the resultant of and by :...
for 1019 performances. Verdon won another Tony and went to Hollywood to repeat her role in the 1958 movie version Damn Yankees, famously singing "Whatever Lola Wants". (Fosse can be seen partnered with her in the original mambo duet "Who's Got the Pain".) Verdon won another Tony for her performance in the musical New G...
"Rhythm of Life", "If My Friends Could See Me Now", and "I'm a Brass Band". Verdon also traveled to Berlin to help Fosse with Cabaret, the musical film for which he won an Oscar for Best Director. Although estranged as a couple, Verdon and Fosse continued to collaborate on projects such as the musical Chicago (1975) (i...
the empty set and itself, then is the empty set. These examples show that the interior of a set depends upon the topology of the underlying space. The last two examples are special cases of the following. In any discrete space, since every set is open, every set is equal to its interior. In any indiscrete space , since...
. (This is illustrated in the introductory section to this article.) This definition generalizes to any subset of a metric space with metric : is an interior point of if there exists , such that is in whenever the distance . This definition generalises to topological spaces by replacing "open ball" with "open set". Let...
Alexandroff compactification. In particular, if is a compact Hausdorff space and is a limit point of (i.e. not an isolated point of ), is the Alexandroff compactification of . Let X be any noncompact Tychonoff space. Under the natural partial ordering on the set of equivalence classes of compactifications, any minimal ...
space. For such spaces the Alexandroff extension is called the one-point compactification or Alexandroff compactification. The advantages of the Alexandroff compactification lie in its simple, often geometrically meaningful structure and the fact that it is in a precise sense minimal among all compactifications; the di...
"national") was designed with the advent of the National Health Service (NHS) in 1948, and the Newcastle dress. From the 1960s open necks began to appear. In the 1970s, white disposable paper caps replaced cotton ones; in the 1980s, plastic aprons displaced the traditional ones and outerwear began to disappear. From th...
style of the nurse uniform, including the nurse's cap which exists in many variants. In Britain, the national uniform (or simply "national") was designed with the advent of the National Health Service (NHS) in 1948, and the Newcastle dress. From the 1960s open necks began to appear. In the 1970s, white disposable paper...
and thus did not infringe on religious freedom rights. Jacobs v. Clark County School District In 2003, Liberty High School, a school of the Clark County School District in Henderson, Nevada, implemented a uniform policy of khakis and red, white or blue polo shirts. A junior by the name of Kimberly Jacobs was suspended ...
does not want to identify with a gender that does not align with their sex. There are rarely guidelines that allow for students to dress according to their performed gender, but almost always according to their sex assigned at birth. Sexualization of girls Around middle or junior school, students begin going through pu...
for a meeting of the Senate in the Temple of Jupiter Stator, near the forum, which was used for that purpose only when great danger was imminent. Catiline attended as well. It was then that Cicero delivered one of his most famous orations. The First Oration – Oratio in Catilinam Prima in Senatu Habita As political orat...
delivered. He replied to it by asking people not to trust Cicero because he was a self-made man with no family tradition of public office, and to trust himself because of the long experience of his family. Initially, Cicero's words proved unpersuasive. Catiline then ran from the building, hurling threats at the Senate....
shell, rising above the ground, and perhaps becoming photosynthetic; or hypogeal, not expanding, remaining below ground and not becoming photosynthetic. The latter is typically the case where the cotyledons act as a storage organ, as in many nuts and acorns. Hypogeal plants have (on average) significantly larger seeds ...
at the top of the hypocotyl (the embryonic stem) surrounding the plumule. Within each species, there is often still some variation in cotyledon numbers, e.g. Monterey pine (Pinus radiata) seedlings have 5–9, and Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi) 7–13 (Mirov 1967), but other species are more fixed, with e.g. Mediterranean c...
shoots, leaf structure and floral configuration are more uniform than in the remaining angiosperms, yet within these constraints a wealth of diversity exists, indicating a high degree of evolutionary success. Monocot diversity includes perennial geophytes such as ornamental flowers including orchids (Asparagales); tuli...
two cotyledons are classified as dicotyledons, or dicots. Monocotyledons have almost always been recognized as a group, but with various taxonomic ranks and under several different names. The APG III system of 2009 recognises a clade called "monocots" but does not assign it to a taxonomic rank. The monocotyledons inclu...
below). However, the set S that the vectors are taken from (if one is mentioned) can still be infinite; each individual linear combination will only involve finitely many vectors. Also, there is no reason that n cannot be zero; in that case, we declare by convention that the result of the linear combination is the zero...
combination require a notion of "positive", and hence can only be defined over an ordered field (or ordered ring), generally the real numbers. If one allows only scalar multiplication, not addition, one obtains a (not necessarily convex) cone; one often restricts the definition to only allowing multiplication by positi...
of sub-regions such as the English West Country of Cornwall, Devon, Somerset, and Dorset. In describing historic regions of America, Meinig writes of "The Great Fishery" off the coast of Newfoundland and New England, an oceanic region that includes the Grand Banks. He rejects regions traditionally used in describing Am...
hydroelectric systems in the world has been developed. Religious regions Sometimes a region associated with a religion is given a name, like Christendom, a term with medieval and renaissance connotations of Christianity as a sort of social and political polity. The term Muslim world is sometimes used to refer to the re...
Government even though collectively they form the territory of the United Kingdom (a sovereign state). Some nation states which have historically had a strong centralized administration have transferred political power to the regions. Examples of this include the current negotiations in France concerning increased auto...
support Trans-European Networks Social and Economic Cohesion Structural Funds On certain issues it works in partnership with the Economic and Social Committee. Political influence The politics of regionalism has also had an impact at the pan-European level. The regions of Europe had lobbied for an increased say in EU a...
centre was in fact a real hat factory. The Hat Factory is a combined arts venue in the centre of Luton. It opened in 2003 and since then has been the area's main provider of contemporary theatre, dance and music. The venue provides live music, club nights, theatre, dance, films, children's activities, workshops, classe...
years ago) and deposits laid at the southernmost points of the ice sheet during the last ice age (the Warden Hill area can be seen from much of the town). Bedfordshire had a reputation for brick making but the industry is now significantly reduced. The brickworks at Stopsley took advantage of the clay deposits in the e...
grain to the Roman populace as invasion loomed, when the danger had passed Sabinian sold it to them. Because he was unable or unwilling to allow the people to have the grain for little or nothing, there grew up in later times a number of legends in which his predecessor was represented punishing him for avarice. Sabini...
or unwilling to allow the people to have the grain for little or nothing, there grew up in later times a number of legends in which his predecessor was represented punishing him for avarice. Sabinian died 22 February 606. His funeral procession through the city had to change course to avoid hostile Romans. Onofrio Panv...
BC to 1320 BC. Events 1324 BC-Death of Pharaoh Tutankhamun
decade which lasted from 1329 BC to 1320 BC. Events 1324 BC-Death of Pharaoh Tutankhamun of Egypt. 1324
and career The Records of the Three Kingdoms mentioned that Sun Jian was a descendant of Sun Wu (better known as Sun Tzu), a militarist in the Spring and Autumn Period and the author of The Art of War. Sun Quan was born in 182, while his father Sun Jian was still a low-ranking official of the Han dynasty. In 184, two y...
and he refused, in 222, he declared himself independent by changing his era name. It was not until the year 229 that he formally declared himself emperor. After the death of his original crown prince, Sun Deng, two opposing factions supporting different potential successors slowly emerged. When Sun He succeeded Sun Den...
January 13, 1868, it refused, however, to ratify the removal by a vote of 35–6. Notwithstanding the vote, President Johnson appointed General Ulysses S. Grant as Secretary of War because he wanted, by such action, to create a case through which to challenge the legitimacy of the Act before the Supreme Court. Proceeding...
served as Abraham Lincoln's second vice president, endorsed the quick re-admission of the Southern secessionist states. The two-thirds Republican majorities of both houses of Congress, however, passed laws over Johnson's vetoes, establishing a series of five military districts overseeing newly created state governments...
Fourteenth Amendment, adopted on July 9, 1868. Section 3 of the Fourteenth Amendment prohibited the election or appointment to any federal or state office of any person who had held any of certain offices and then engaged in insurrection, rebellion, or treason. However, the section provided that a two-thirds vote by ea...
limitation in the case of specific individuals or groups of people. The 1872 act was an instance of this use and was passed by the 42nd United States Congress. The original restrictive Act was passed by the United States Congress in May 1866. Specifically, the 1872 Act removed office-holding disqualifications against m...
the creditor class favored "hard money," that is, they favored resumption as a method for making up losses incurred due to dollar depreciation during the past decade. The resumption of specie payments was perceived as a method to curb the rise in the price level and eventually equate currency with gold. For creditors t...
import prices since many European currencies including the English sterling were fixed to the price of gold. Hence continued inflationary measures such as further issuance of greenbacks artificially supported domestic industries. Hard and soft money interests often did cross party lines, although a larger portion of De...
silver and gold as a standard. Coupled with Senator William B. Allison of Iowa, they agreed to a proposal that allowed silver to be purchased at market rates, metals to be minted into silver dollars, and required the US Treasury to purchase between $2 million to $4 million silver each month from western mines. Presiden...
act can be found in the Congressional Record under the further reading section of this article. Background The five-year depression following the Panic of 1873 caused cheap-money advocates (led by Representative Richard P. Bland, a Democrat of Missouri), to join with silver-producing interests in urging a return to bim...
(up to 1397) Personal union of Denmark and Norway (1380–1397) The Kalmar Union (1397–1536) Union of Denmark, Norway and Sweden (1397–1523) Union of Denmark and Norway (1523–1536/1537) The United Kingdoms of Denmark-Norway (1536/1537–1814) The Kingdom of Denmark (1814–present) Iceland (since the union between Denmark an...
house, patrilineally descended from King Christian III of Denmark. The kingdom had been elective (although the eldest son or brother of the previous king was usually elected) until 1660, when it became hereditary and absolutist. Until 1864 Denmark was also united in a personal union with the duchies of Holstein and Sax...
2002) was a Dutch politician of the Centre Party (CP) and later founder of the Centre Democrats (CD) party and businessman. Although he was widely known, he was never a major force in the Dutch political landscape, partly because of a cordon sanitaire imposed by the Third Lubbers cabinet. Biography Early life Johannes ...
Janmaat (3 November 1934 – 9 June 2002) was a Dutch politician of the Centre Party (CP) and later founder of the Centre Democrats (CD) party and businessman. Although he was widely known, he was never a major force in the Dutch political landscape, partly because of a cordon sanitaire imposed by the Third Lubbers cabin...
made up a majority of political contributions in the era following Reconstruction. Legislative history In 1880, Democratic Senator George H. Pendleton of Ohio introduced legislation to require the selection of civil servants based on merit as determined by an examination, but the measure failed to pass. Pendleton's bil...
of political support rather than on the basis of merit, in a practice known as the spoils system. In return for appointments, these appointees were charged with raising campaign funds and bolstering the popularity of the president and the party in their communities. The success of the spoils system helped ensure the do...
introduced Millicent Fawcett to many other women's rights activists, including Henry Fawcett, a Liberal Member of Parliament who had intended to marry her sister Elizabeth before she decided to focus on her medical career. Millicent and Henry married on 23 April 1867. Henry had been blinded in a shooting accident in 18...
constituency. As a speaker she was said to have a clear voice. In 1870 she published her short Political Economy for Beginners, which was "wildly successful", running through 10 editions in 41 years. In 1872 she and her husband published Essays and Lectures on Social and Political Subjects, containing eight essays by M...
a competition, election or military victory. Similar spoils systems are common in other nations that traditionally have been based on tribal organization or other kinship groups and localism in general. Origins In 1828, moderation was expected to prevail in the transfer of political power from one U.S. president to ano...
Party. The Jacksonian split after the 1824 Election restored the two-party system. Jackson's first inauguration, on March 4, 1829, marked the first time since 1801 where one party yielded the presidency to another. A group of office seekers attended the event, explaining it as democratic enthusiasm. Jackson supporters ...
Exclusion Act required the few non laborers who sought entry to obtain certification from the Chinese government that they were qualified to emigrate. However, this group found it increasingly difficult to prove that they were not laborers because the 1882 act defined excludables as "skilled and unskilled laborers and ...
The act excluded Chinese laborers, meaning "skilled and unskilled laborers and Chinese employed in mining," from entering the country for ten years under penalty of imprisonment and deportation. The Chinese Exclusion Act required the few non laborers who sought entry to obtain certification from the Chinese government ...
Foreign Affairs of Poland. After coming into force on 13 February 1933, it resolved some conflicts of law and jurisdiction. Between 1948 and 1951 it was further studied by a legal committee set up by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and in 1952 a new draft was prepared to replace the convention. How...
The Hague Conference adopted a Protocol (the Hague Protocol) for the amendment of the Warsaw Convention. Between the parties of the Protocol, it was agreed that the 1929 Warsaw Convention and the 1955 Hague Protocol were to be read and interpreted together as one single instrument to be known as the Warsaw Convention a...
implies about the things it is used to refer to. The connotation of dog is (something like) four-legged canine carnivore. So saying, "You are a dog" would connote that you were ugly or aggressive rather than literally denoting you as a canine. Related terms It is often useful to avoid words with strong connotations (es...
its denotation. A connotation is frequently described as either positive or negative, with regard to its pleasing or displeasing emotional connection. For example, a stubborn person may be described as being either strong-willed or pig-headed; although these have the same literal meaning (stubborn), strong-willed conno...
Railroad Canadian Pacific; Soo Line; Duluth, South Shore and Atlantic Railway; Mineral Range Railroad Terminal railroads proposed There were 100 terminal railroads that were also proposed. Below is a sample: Toledo Terminal Railroad; Detroit Terminal Railroad; Kankakee & Seneca Railroad Indianapolis Union Railway; Bost...
several railroads challenged the agency's ratemaking authority in litigation, and the courts severely limited the ICC's powers. Expansion of ICC authority Congress expanded the commission's powers through subsequent legislation. The 1893 Railroad Safety Appliance Act gave the ICC jurisdiction over railroad safety, remo...
the Roman Catholic priests attempted to force the Aleuts to deny their Orthodox faith and to convert to Roman Catholicism. When the Aleuts refused, the priest had a toe severed from each of Peter's feet. Peter still refused to renounce his faith and the Spanish priest ordered a group of Native Americans, indigenous to ...
was chief manager of the Russian colonies from 1818 to 1820. In the letter he was reporting on an incident that he had heard from a supposed eyewitness, and that had taken place fifty years earlier in 1815. The letter contains the description of Peter being tortured by "Jesuits" but this would have been virtually impos...
24 1312 BC (or April 13 1308 BC) – Mursili II launches a campaign against the Kingdom of Azzi-Hayasa. Significant people Ramesses I, pharaoh of Egypt, is born (approximate date). Seti I, pharaoh of Egypt, is
is a decade which lasted from 1319 BC to 1310 BC. Events The Bhagavad Gita is written, according to Hindu traditions. 1319 BC (or 1306 BC)—Horemheb assumes the throne of Ancient Egypt. 1317 BC—Enlil-nirari succeeds his father as king