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Valens Ronnie Hudson 3AM Zapp Band vixen ent Nate Dogg Bizzy Bone Adolfo Bad Mouth Candy Man Daphee (singer) "I Like My Hair Like This" Deja Destinee DJ Flash DJ King Assassin Domino Don Cisco El Chicano Hispanic MC's Jodi V Joe Moses Jonny Z Jorge G J.V. Katalina Kid Frost Lawless Beer Run Bobby Pepe Marquez Lighter S... | Flash DJ King Assassin Domino Don Cisco El Chicano Hispanic MC's Jodi V Joe Moses Jonny Z Jorge G J.V. Katalina Kid Frost Lawless Beer Run Bobby Pepe Marquez Lighter Shade of Brown Lil' Cuete Lonzo MC Magic Mr. Capone-E Mr. Patron Namek Paperboy Rush Wun Rocky Padilla ShawnP Suave MC & Baby G Sugar Style The S.O.G. Cre... |
reconciling belief in an omnipotent, omnibenevolent, and omniscient God, with the existence of evil and suffering in the world. These arguments all begin with the assumption that a being such as a possible God would agree with human perspectives and want to eliminate evil as humans see and define it. This, in turn, ass... | is omnibenevolent, he acts according to what is best, but if there is no best available, God attempts, if possible, to bring about states of affairs that are creatable and are optimal within the limitations of physical reality. Defenses and Theodicies Responses to the problem of evil have occasionally been classified a... |
bad) if it is good (or bad) in its consequences". Hinduism defines evil in terms of its effect saying "the evils that afflict people (and indeed animals) in the present life are the effects of wrongs committed in a previous life." Some contemporary philosophers argue a focus on the effects of evil is inadequate as a de... | [Isaiah] places the question of theodicy at the forefront... [with] three major dimensions of the question...: Yahweh's identification with the conqueror, Yahweh's decree of judgment against Israel without possibility of repentance, and the failure of Yahweh's program to be realized by the end of the book." Christian t... |
independence In Soviet times, supporters of Tajikistan independence were harshly persecuted by the KGB, and most were either shot dead or jailed for many years. After the beginning of the Perestroika era, declared by Mikhail Gorbachev throughout the USSR, supporters of the independence of the republics began to speak o... | took place, especially in the southern region. Soviet collectivisation policy brought violence against peasants and forced resettlement occurred throughout Tajikistan. Consequently, some peasants fought collectivization and revived the Basmachi movement. Some small scale industrial development also occurred during this... |
range of the Hindu Kush and the Amu Darya (Oxus) River and some areas of current south Tajikistan. During different periods, Bactria was a center of various Kingdoms or Empires, and is probably where Zoroastrianism originated. The "Avesta"—the holy book of Zoroastrianism—was written in the old-Bactrian dialect; it is a... | of political expansion and economical prosperity was short-lived. Soon after the death of Abd Allah Khan the Shaibanid dynasty died out and was replaced by the Janid or Astrakhanid (Ashtarkhanid) dynasty, another branch of the descendants of Jöchi, whose founder Jani Khan was related to Abd Allah Khan Through his marri... |
Fergana Valley in the far north and in Khatlon Province in the southwest, are well above sea level. In the Turkestan range, highest of the western chains, the maximum elevation is . The highest elevations of this range are in the east, near the border with Kyrgyzstan. That region is dominated by the peaks of the Pamir-... | of glacial origin is Iskanderkul. It is smaller than the Kayrakum Reservoir and lies in the Fann Mountains in western Tajikistan. Climate Tajikistan's climate is continental, subtropical, and semiarid, with some desert areas. The climate changes drastically according to elevation, however. The Fergana Valley and other ... |
ancestry to the Lost Tribes of Israel taken captive by the Babylonians in the 7th century BC, but almost no Bukharian Jews are left in Tajikistan. CIA World Factbook demographic statistics The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated. Ethnic groups Tajik 84.3% Uzbek 1... | languages of Tajikistan (officially referred to as Tajik). Russian is the official interethnic language and is widely used in both government and business. The different ethnic minorities speak different languages, for instance Uzbek, Turkmen, Kyrgyz and Khowar. In the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province, Shughni as w... |
them, had far-reaching demands: the banning of the Communist party and the nationalization of its assets, the resignation of the entire government, the dissolution of the legislature and new elections. During this turmoil Tajikistan declared its independence from Soviet Union, on September 9, 1991 and promptly fell int... | November through end of June), and the 33-seat National Assembly (Majlisi milli), which meets at least twice per year. The bicameral legislature was introduced in the September 1999 Constitution and prior to that Tajikistan had a unicameral legislature. The members of the Assembly of Representatives are chosen by direc... |
Iran, Zerafshan by Chinese SinoHydro and Rogun power plant, which, at , is projected to supersede the Nurek Dam as tallest in the world if completed. The Rogun Dam was originally planned to be built by Russia's Inter RAO UES, but following disagreements, Russia pulled out. In 2010, production resumed with Iranian inves... | thousand tons of cucumber; 116 thousand tons of cabbage; 108 thousand tons of barley; 90 thousand tons of rice; In addition to smaller productions of other agricultural products, like apricot (31 thousand tons). Forestry 3% of Tajikistan is forested, mainly at elevations between 1,000 and 3,000 meters. No forest region... |
in the post-Soviet era. there were 340,000 telephone lines in use, a ratio of one per 21 people. Many towns are not connected to the national network. In the early 2000s, the state telecommunications agency, Tajiktelekom, received international aid to upgrade the telephone system. In 2007 there were 3.5 million mobile ... | in use, a ratio of one per 21 people. Many towns are not connected to the national network. In the early 2000s, the state telecommunications agency, Tajiktelekom, received international aid to upgrade the telephone system. In 2007 there were 3.5 million mobile telephones in use, compared with only 47,300 in 2003. This ... |
area of the country. Passenger transit through Tajikistan has been hindered by periodic failures of Tajik Railways to pay transit tariffs and by safety issues. Most international freight traffic is carried by train. It is hoped that a 2009 agreement between the heads of state of Pakistan, Tajikistan, and Afghanistan wi... | railroad system totals only of track, all of it broad gauge. The principle segments are in the southwestern region and connect the capital with the industrial areas of the Gissar and Vakhsh valleys and with Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan and Russia. In 2000 a new line, the Bokhtar – Kulyab railway, was completed ... |
conscription Tajik men aged 18–27 are eligible to be drafted in the armed forces, and are expected to serve up to two years. Public servants such as educators have been exempt from the conscription since the early 2000s. The Armed Forces annually has two training sessions. Regional areas The National Army has five Terr... | For a long period a CIS peacekeeping force, built around the 201st MRD, were in place in the country. Establishment and the Civil War On 18 December 1992, the Chairman of the Supreme Council of Tajikistan Emomali Rahmon signed the Resolution "On the Establishment of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Tajikistan" on th... |
January 1993 – 27 January 1993 – 4 February 1993 – 27 February 1993 – 1 April 1993 – 12 June 1993 – 14 June 1993 – 6 October 1993 – 15 October 1993 – 2 November 1993 – 22 December 1993 – 27 December 1993 – 11 May 1994 – 4 August 1994 – 27 August 1994 – 14 October 1994 / December 2004 – 13 December 1994 – 15 December 19... | desire to secure foreign investment and promote regional security while ensuring Tajikistan's independence. Sirodjidin Aslov is the current Foreign’s Minister of Tajikistan. Disputes Outstanding boundary negotiations include talks begun with Uzbekistan to demine and delimit border; however, disputes in Isfara Valley de... |
with plains and arable land. The eastern shore is hot and humid, with the Zanzibar Archipelago just offshore. Kalambo Falls in the southwestern region of Rukwa is the second highest uninterrupted waterfall in Africa, and is located near the southeastern shore of Lake Tanganyika on the border with Zambia. The Menai Bay ... | on the border with Zambia. The Menai Bay Conservation Area is Zanzibar's largest marine protected area. Climate Climate varies greatly within Tanzania. In the highlands, temperatures range between during cold and hot seasons respectively. The rest of the country has temperatures rarely falling lower than . The hottest ... |
an irrigation and cultivation system. Early coastal history Travellers and merchants from the Persian Gulf and Western India have visited the East African coast since early in the first millennium CE. Greek texts such as the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea and Ptolemy's Geography list a string of market places (emporia)... | for the entire country of Tanganyika amounted to only US$290,000, although it is unclear how much this represented at the time in terms of purchasing power parity. Tanganyika wheat scheme The British Government decided to develop wheat growing to help feed a war-ravaged and severely rationed Britain and eventually Euro... |
Mount Meru, an active volcano, Mount Kilimanjaro, a dormant volcano, and the Usambara and Pare mountain ranges. Kilimanjaro attracts thousands of tourists each year. West of those mountains is the Gregory Rift, which is the eastern arm of the Great Rift Valley. On the floor of the rift are a number of large salt lakes,... | Seasonal rainfall is driven mainly by the migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone. It migrates southwards through Tanzania in October to December, reaching the south of the country in January and February, and returning northwards in March, April, and May. This causes the north and east of Tanzania to experienc... |
complete. The Population Department of the United Nations prepared the following estimates. Births and deaths Life expectancy Population Source: Fertility and Births (Demographic and Health Surveys) Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR): Total fertility rate in Tanzania Fertility... | migration rate -0.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 127th Dependency ratios total dependency ratio: 93.4 (2015 est.) youth dependency ratio: 87.4 (2015 est.) elderly dependency ratio: 6 (2015 est.) potential support ratio: 16.6 (2015 est.) Urbanization urban population: 33.8% of... |
association and assembly. On 19 March 2021, Vice President Samia Suluhu Hassan became the new president after the sudden death of President John Magufuli. She is the first female President of Tanzania. Executive branch |President | Samia Suluhu | Chama Cha Mapinduzi | 19 March 2021 |- |Prime Minister |Majaliwa Kassim M... | acclaimed vision of education. From independence in 1961 until the mid-1980s, Tanzania was a one-party state, with a socialist model of economic development. Beginning in the mid-1980s, under the administration of President Ali Hassan Mwinyi, Tanzania undertook a number of political and economic reforms. In January and... |
An initial investment of around USD $38 million has been made since exploration began in 2006, and nickel should start being mined at the end of 2015. Chinese firms have been showing major interest in Tanzania's mineral deposits; an announcement was made in late 2011 of a plan by the Sichuan Hongda Group, to invest abo... | the last 5 years have seen the slowest growth since 2000. The medium-term outlook is so far positive, with growth projected at 6 percent in 2020/21, which is supported by large infrastructure spending. The World Bank (WB) expects the economic growth of Tanzania to slow to 2.5% in 2020 due to the Covid-19 pandemic which... |
communication. At the end of 2013 there were: 21 network facility operators: 8 international and national, 11 national, and 2 regional; 17 network service operators: 8 international and national, 6 national, and 3 regional; 91 application service operators: 1 international, 15 international and national, 62 national, 1... | facilitate the arrival of telephone services over cable television networks, television services over telecommunications networks, and Internet services over all types of networks. Under the Converged Licensing Framework four categories of license are available: Network facility, the provision of any element or combina... |
using numbers starting with "T" but so far the "A" designations are visible if at all. Regional roads Mtwara Region: Paved roads link Mtwara and Masasi and from there almost to Nangoma. An unpaved road then leads to Mtambaswala and the modern Unity Bridge on the Mozambique border. The African Development Bank in April ... | Rwanda at Rusomo Falls ( (entirely paved): From Nzega in the Tabora Region, the B-3 road leads to the Rwandan border (). Kigoma and the border with Burundi at Manyovu: The road is entirely paved. Mwanza and Musoma ( entirely paved): The B-6 road connects these cities and then proceeds north to the Kenyan border. Arusha... |
the United Republic of Tanzania, enjoys good relations with its neighbours in the region and in recent years has been an active participant in efforts to promote the peaceful resolution of disputes. Tanzania is helping to broker peace talks to end conflict in Burundi and supports the Lusaka agreement concerning the con... | partnership with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Bilateral relations Africa Americas Asia Europe Oceania International organisation participation AU, ACP, AfDB, C, EAC, EADB, ECA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IS... |
jailed for three to fifteen years. After the 2014 Thai coup d'état, Thailand had the highest number of lèse-majesté prisoners in the nation's history. In 2017, the military court in Thailand sentenced a man to 35 years in prison for violating the country's lèse-majesté law. Human rights in Thailand has been rated not f... | in the Malay peninsula, but failed to conquer the Malacca Sultanate which was supported by the Chinese Ming Dynasty. European contact and trade started in the early-16th century, with the envoy of Portuguese duke Afonso de Albuquerque in 1511, Portugal became an allied and ceded some soldiers to King Rama Thibodi II. T... |
king of Tambralinga invaded and took Lavo and installed a Malay prince on the Lavo throne. The Malay prince was married to a Khmer princess who had fled an Angkorian dynastic bloodbath. The son of the couple contested the Khmer throne and became Suryavarman I, thus bringing Lavo under Khmer domination through the marit... | the Lavo throne. The Malay prince was married to a Khmer princess who had fled an Angkorian dynastic bloodbath. The son of the couple contested the Khmer throne and became Suryavarman I, thus bringing Lavo under Khmer domination through the marital union. Suryavarman I also expanded into the Khorat Plateau (later style... |
steep river valleys and upland areas that border the central plain. Most rivers, including the Nan, Ping, Wang, and Yom, unite in the lowlands of the lower-north region and the upper-central region. The Ping River and the Nan River unite to form the Chao Phraya River. The northeastern part is drained by rivers flowing ... | known in Thailand as Thio Khao Banthat, extends into eastern Thailand. The geography of the region is characterised by short mountain ranges alternating with small basins of short rivers which drain into the Gulf of Thailand. Fruit is a major component of agriculture in the area, and tourism plays a strong part in the ... |
(also known as Suay) (0.7 percent), and i) 350,000 Karen (0.6 percent). Thailand's Ministry of Social Development and Human Security's 2015 Master Plan for the Development of Ethnic Groups in Thailand 2015-2017 omitted the larger, ethnoregional ethnic communities, including the Central Thai majority; it therefore cover... | areas. Thailand's successful government-sponsored family planning program has resulted in a decline in population growth from 3.1 percent in 1960 to around 0.4 percent in 2015. The World Bank forecasts a contraction of the working-age population of about 10 percent between 2010 and 2040. In 1970, an average of 5.7 peop... |
Yongyuth Tiyapairat, who pressured local officers to support his party in the previous election, would subject the party to dissolution. The Administrative Court also ruled that his government seriously violated the constitution and might have prejudiced national sovereignty in negotiating over the sovereignty of terri... | president of the government, consulted with his councillors, mainly his relatives. Though significant reforms had occurred in Rama V's reign, the kingdom still had no national assembly. Men of royal blood held positions in the government as ministers. The situation became tense after the World War I. An economic crisis... |
"...the government will have to allow the import of foreign specialists to help bring forward Thailand 4.0," said Somchai Jitsuchon, research director for inclusive development at the Thailand Development Research Institute (TDRI). "...that won't be easy as local professional associations will oppose the idea as they w... | China. The rise of Ayutthaya during the 14th century was connected to renewed Chinese commercial activity, and the kingdom became one of the most prosperous trade centers in Asia. When the capital of the kingdom moved to Bangkok during the 19th century, foreign trade (particularly with China) became the focus of the go... |
operate or offer services to public. Liberalisation took place in the 1990s and 2000s. State enterprises, the Telephone Organization of Thailand, Communications Authority of Thailand, and Mass Communication Organization of Thailand, were corporatised in 2003 and 2004. The Constitution of 1997 prompted the institutional... | NBTC Act to require return of auction proceeds to the treasury. On 22 May 2014 when the coup d'état took place, the military decided that it would scrutinize the regulatory practices of both sectors. The government, led by General Prayut Chan-o-cha, announced that his government would move Thailand into the "digital ec... |
this. By comparison, Thailand has 390,000 km (242,335 miles) of highways. The SRT has long been perceived by the public as inefficient and resistant to change. Trains are usually late, and most of its equipment is old and poorly maintained. The worst financially performing state enterprise, the SRT consistently operate... | unregistered. It also had one million "heavy trucks", 158,000 buses, and 624,000 "other" vehicles. By mid-2019 the number of registered vehicles in Thailand had risen to 40,190,328. The majority—21,051,977—are motorbikes. Private automobiles with up to seven seats numbered 9,713,980. Road safety According to the World ... |
19th centuries. It refers to the military forces of the Sukhothai Kingdom, the Ayutthaya Kingdom, the Thonburi Kingdom and the early Rattanakosin Kingdom in chronological order. The Siamese army was one of the dominant armed forces in Southeast Asia. As Thailand has never been colonized by a European power, the Royal T... | in the Royal Gazette on 22 November 2019, sees external geo-political threats to the country as insignificant in the years ahead. The plan, in effect from 19 November 2019 to 30 September 2022, views domestic issues, especially declining faith in the monarchy and political divisions, as greater concerns. In a report is... |
railroad and highway routes to the sea. The Mekong River, which both sides have an interest in making a "river of true peace and friendship" — as their respective prime ministers called for in 1976 – also provides a north–south artery during the rainy season. Malaysia Thailand has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur, and consul... | January 2004. Thailand is a key country in Bangladesh's "Look East" policy and relations have begun to increase and diversify into different areas. They seek not to intervene in each other's internal matters as shown by their response to the events occurring in their own respective countries in 2006 such as the 2006 Th... |
period from the 11th century to the 16th century, various tribes entered the region from all directions: the Ewé from the west, and the Mina and Gun from the east. Most of them settled in coastal areas. The Atlantic slave trade began in the 16th century, and for the next two hundred years the coastal region was a major... | Its borders were defined after the capture of hinterland by German forces and signing agreements with France and Britain. In 1905, this became the German colony of Togoland. The local population was forced to work, cultivate cotton, coffee, and cocoa and pay high taxes. A railway and the port of Lomé were built for exp... |
colony was drawn into the conflict. It was invaded and quickly overrun by British and French forces during the Togoland campaign and placed under military rule. In 1916 the territory was divided into separate British and French administrative zones, and this was formalized in 1922 with the creation of British Togoland ... | opponents of President Eyadéma, opened in July 1991 and immediately declared itself to be a sovereign "National Conference." Although subjected to severe harassment from the government, the conference drafted an interim constitution calling for a 1-year transitional regime tasked with organizing free elections for a ne... |
east, with of border; Burkina Faso to the north, with of border; and Ghana, with of border. To the south Togo has of coastline along the Bight of Benin of the Gulf of Guinea in the North Atlantic Ocean. Togo stretches north from the Gulf and is only wide at the broadest point. In total, Togo has an area of , of which i... | Land use Natural resources: phosphates, limestone, marble, arable land Land use: arable land: 44.2% permanent crops: 3.7% other: 52.1% (2011) Irrigated land: 73 km2 (2003) Total renewable water resources: 14.7 km2 Natural hazards: hot, dry Harmattan wind can reduce visibility in north during winter; periodic droughts. ... |
the country, in the strip between Atakpame and Tchamba, the Bassar in the Centre-West, the Tchamba in the Centre-East and the Konkombas in the upper region of Bassar, the Lambas in the Kandé region, the Hausa, the Tamberma, the Losso and the Ouachi. Indians have a presence in Togo. White African settlers descended from... | seek employment. Their historical means of social advancement has been through the military and law enforcement forces, and they continue to dominate these services. Other groups include the Akposso on the Central Plateau, the Ana people who are related to the Yoruba, and live in the center of the country, in the strip... |
garnering 60% of the vote according to official results. Disquiet has continued however with the opposition declaring the voting rigged, claiming the military stole ballot boxes from various polling stations in the South, as well as other election irregularities, such as telecommunication shutdown. The European Union h... | human rights abuses. In 2002, in what critics called a 'constitutional coup', the national assembly voted unanimously to change the constitution and allow Eyadéma to 'sacrifice himself again' and run for a third term during the 2003 presidential elections. The constitutional change eliminated presidential term limits. ... |
Togolese Government introduced a series of austerity measures and major restructuring goals for the state enterprise and rural development sectors. These reforms were aimed at eliminating most state monopolies, simplifying taxes and customs duties, curtailing public employment, and privatizing major state enterprises. ... | is the namesake of an illegal market for stolen oil off the Niger Delta, called the Togo Triangle. IMF relationship Togo turned to the IMF for assistance in 1979, while simultaneously implementing a stringent adjustment effort with the help of a series of IMF standby programs, World Bank loans, and Paris Club debt resc... |
2.5 million lines, 129th in the world (2010). Telephone system: fair system based on network of microwave radio relay routes supplemented by open-wire lines and cellular system; combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity roughly 50 telephones per 100 persons with mobile-cellular use predominating (2010). Satel... | west coast of Africa to each other and to Portugal, Spain, and the United Kingdom. Internet Top-level domain: .tg Internet users: 278,442 users, 144th in the world; 4.0% of the population, 191st in the world (2012); 356,300 users, 123rd in the world (2009). Fixed broadband: 5,560 subscriptions, 158th in the world; 0.1%... |
west. When construction in Liberia and Sierra Leone is finished, the highway will continue west to seven other Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) nations. A paved highway also connects Togo northwards to Burkina Faso and from there north-west to Mali and north-east to Niger. Waterways 50 km (seasonally ... | Waterways 50 km (seasonally navigable by small craft on the Mono River depending on rainfall. (2011)) Ports and harbours Kpémé Lomé - railhead Merchant marine total: 62 ships ships by type: bulk carrier 6, cargo 38, carrier 3, chemical tanker 5, container 3, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 3, refrigerated cargo 1, ... |
Colonel Tassounti Djato. The C-47 Skytrain was the first aircraft used; it was part of the force from 1960 to 1976. Replacing the C-47s were two DHC-5D Buffalo STOL transports in 1976. Also in the same year, Togo acquired five ex-German Air Force Fouga Magister armed jet trainers and seven EMB.326GBs from Brazil to for... | and Dapaong. The current Chief of the General Staff is Brigadier General Dadja Maganawe, who took office on December 6, 2020. Army The current chief of staff of the army is Colonel Blakimwé Wiyao Balli. The elite presidential bodyguards of the Republic of Togo Armed Forces are reportedly trained by Benjamin Yeaten, an ... |
West African regional affairs and in the African Union. Relations between Togo and neighboring states are generally good. Bilateral relations See also List of diplomatic | foreign policy and participates in many international organizations. It is particularly active in West African regional affairs and in the African Union. Relations between Togo and neighboring |
two-thirds majority required for the measure to pass. The referendum was profiled (somewhat light-heartedly) in the 1 May 2006 issue of The New Yorker magazine. A repeat referendum took place on 20–24 October 2007, again narrowly failing to approve self-government. This time the vote was short by just 16 votes or 3%. I... | London Missionary Society, Nukunonu was converted to Catholicism and Fakaofo was converted to both denominations. The Rev. Samuel James Whitmee, of the London Missionary Society, visited Tokelau in 1870. Helped by Swains Island-based Eli Jennings senior, Peruvian "blackbird" slave traders arrived in 1863 and kidnapped ... |
was first settled, but thorium dating confirms that settlers had arrived in the earliest known inhabited town, Nukuleka, by 888 BC, ± 8 years. Tonga's precontact history was shared via oral history, which was passed down from generation to generation. By the 12th century, Tongans and the Tongan monarch, the Tuʻi Tonga,... | the north of the island. The tropical cyclone season currently runs from 1 November to 30 April, though tropical cyclones can form and affect Tonga outside of the season. According to the WorldRiskReport 2021, Tonga ranks third among the countries with the highest disaster risk worldwide – mainly due to the country's e... |
success of the Empire was largely based upon the Imperial Navy. The most common vessels were long-distance double-canoes fitted with triangular sails. The largest canoes of the Tongan kalia type could carry up to 100 men. The most notable of these were the Tongafuesia, Ākiheuho, the Lomipeau, and the Takaipōmana. It sh... | European to visit the main island (Tongatapu) and Haapai after rounding Australia and New Zealand while looking for a faster route to Chile. He mapped several islands. Tasman named the island of Tongatapu t’ Eijlandt Amsterdam (Amsterdam Island), because of its abundance of supplies. This name is no longer used except ... |
annual rainfall is from as one moves from Tongatapu in the south to the more northerly islands closer to the Equator. The average wettest period is around March with on average . The average daily humidity is 80%. Cyclones can occur from October to April. Geology Though administratively divided into the three main isla... | reef development on these islands, except for Niuatoputapu. The eastern islands are not volcanic and sit above the mostly submerged Tonga ridge that runs parallel to the Tongan Volcanic Arc and the Tongan Trench. Of these islands, only 'Eua has risen high enough to expose its underlying Eocene volcanic bedrock, the res... |
make up 1.2% of New Zealand's population of approximately 5 million people. There is a Tongan Australian population of 32,691 people, which is over 0.1% of Australia's population. 60% of Tongan people live in New South Wales. United States In the U.S., Tongan Americans constitute a small 0.02% of the U.S. population, w... | 1.1%, none 0.03%, unspecified 1.7%. As the 1960s ended the population growth rate fell rapidly in the country. History The indigenous peoples of Tonga trace their roots to the Lapita culture, when the first settlers arrived in the island group in around 850-800 BCE. From the 10th century, the Tuʻi Tonga Empire became t... |
in a framework of a constitutional monarchy, whereby the King is the Head of State and the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces. Tonga's Prime Minister is currently appointed by the King from among the members of Parliament after having won the support of a majority of its members. Executive power is vested in the Ca... | vested in the supreme court. Tonga joined the Commonwealth of Nations in 1970, and the United Nations in 1999. While exposed to colonial forces, Tonga has never lost indigenous governance, a fact that makes Tonga unique in the Pacific and boosts confidence in the monarchical system. The British High Commission in Tonga... |
Tonga. Telephone Main lines in use: 14,697 (2018) Telephones - mobile cellular: 107,938 (2018) Telephone system: Fixed PSTN, GSM 900 domestic: NA international: satellite earth station - 2 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)) Radio Broadcast stations: AM 1 (2005), FM 5 (2005), shortwave 1 (1998) Radios: 61,000 (1997) Television B... | 2 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)) Radio Broadcast stations: AM 1 (2005), FM 5 (2005), shortwave 1 (1998) Radios: 61,000 (1997) Television Broadcast stations: 4 (2005) Televisions: 2,000 (1997) In April 2002 the Tongasat company started its own satellite telecommunication service when it obtained the Esiafi 1 (former private ... |
Of these, only Fuaamotu International Airport on Tongatapu has paved runways. Of the remaining airports, one has runways exceeding length 1,524 m, two have runways longer than 914 m, with the remaining two having runways shorter than 914 m. There was formerly a | and water-based infrastructure. There are 680 km of highways in Tonga, of which 184 km are paved, and there are a number of air and seaports. There are three harbours in Tonga: Neiafu, Nukualofa and Pangai, and in terms of merchant marine, the country possesses seven ships that exceed 1,000GT, whose masses combined |
to deal with the Nuku'alofa riots. In 2010, Tongan troops began training with the RAF Regiment, in preparation for operations in Afghanistan; the first troops deployed to Afghanistan during February 2011. Tonga's military size was approximately 450 troops, half of which were sent to fight in the War in Afghanistan, ser... | Tonga providing personnel for the Multinational force in Iraq. Support arrangements were finalised in May 2004. Forty-five Royal Tongan Marines, led by the Chief of Defence of the Tonga Defence Services, Colonel Tau'aika 'Uta'atu, departed Tonga on 13 June 2004. From July 2004, the Royal Tonga Marines were augmenting t... |
rule, new estates were created and the import of slaves did increase, but this was the period of abolitionism in England and the slave trade was under attack. Slavery was abolished in 1833, after which former slaves served an "apprenticeship" period which ended on 1 August 1838 with full emancipation. An overview of th... | Aripero. Efforts in 1867 to begin production by the Trinidad and Tobago Petroleum Company at La Brea and the Pariah Petroleum Company at Aripero were poorly financed and abandoned after Walter Darwent died of yellow fever. In 1893 Mr Randolph Rust, along with his neighbour, Mr Lee Lum, drilled a successful well near Da... |
width. The island is cigar-shaped in appearance, with a northeast–southwest alignment. Physical geography Trinidad is traversed by three distinct mountain ranges that are a continuation of the Venezuelan coastal cordillera. The Northern Range, an outlier of the Andes Mountains of Venezuela, consists of rugged hills tha... | is an archipelagic republic in the southern Caribbean between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Venezuela. They are southeasterly islands of the Lesser Antilles, Monos, Huevos, Gaspar Grande (or Gasparee), Little Tobago, and St. Giles Island. Trinidad is off the northeast coast of Venezuela a... |
century to escape the war and turmoil in the region. Indigenous (Caribs) Finally there are the mixed raced Caribs who are descended from the native, precolonial people of the islands. They are organized around the Santa Rosa Carib Community and live mostly in and around Arima. Religion In 2011, according to census, Rom... | nation today are over 100 Portuguese surname, some of which have become street nomenclature. As an independent nation, the country has recognised several members of the Portuguese community, through official awards. In Tobago, many white residents are retirees who have recently arrived there. Mixed ethnicity Given the ... |
| Keith Rowley |People's National Movement |9 September 2015 |} The President is elected by an electoral college, which consists of the members of the Senate and House of Representatives, for a five-year term. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President from among the members of Parliament; following legislative e... | 2015 general election resulted in a victory for the People's National Movement, which won 23 of the 41 seats led by Keith Rowley. Executive branch | President | Paula-Mae Weekes | Independent | 19 March 2018 |- |Prime Minister | Keith Rowley |People's National Movement |9 September 2015 |} The President is elected by a... |
infrastructure is adequate by regional standards. A major expansion of the Piarco International Airport in Trinidad, the country's main airport, was completed in 2001. There is an extensive network of paved roads, and utilities which are fairly reliable in the cities. Some areas, however, especially rural districts, st... | Communications and mobile Trinidad and Tobago has a relatively modern, robust and reliable Information and Communications Technology (ICT) infrastructure. Mobile phone service is widespread and has been the major area of growth for several years. Digicel and Laqtel were granted cellular licenses in 2005, breaking the m... |
prefix: National: 9Y and 9Z Amateur radio: 9Y4 and 9Z4 Broadcast: 9Y3 Commercial land mobile: 9Y7 Radio stations: 5 radio networks, one state-owned, broadcast over about 35 stations (2007); 1 medium wave AM, 35 VHF FM, and no shortwave stations (2006). Radios: 680,000 (1997). Amateur radio operators: ~400. Television s... | bmobile (TSTT). Cable & Wireless Communications has been shortlisted by TATT to receive an LTE License. Internet Top level domain: .tt Internet users: 846,000 users, 137th in the world; 69.2% of the population (July 2016 est.). 729,897 users, 123rd in the world; 59.5% of the population, 66th in the world (2012). 593,00... |
as South Quay is the historic site of the Trinidad Government Rail (TGR) building at #60 South Quay, Port of Spain. This former railway facility is now the current administrative and bus loading headquarters of the Public Transport Service Corporation (PTSC). The compound also houses the Maxi Taxi loading facility whic... | direction to either Chaguanas which is considered central Trinidad or to the region of San Fernando located along the south-western coast of Trinidad. The entire PTSC compound located on South Quay Port of Spain is officially referred to as The Port of Spain Transit Centre. The name "City Gate" to which the facility is... |
Daniel, who replaced Rear Admiral Hayden Pritchard upon his retirement on 25 March 2019. Regiment (Army) The Trinidad and Tobago Regiment (TTR) is the main ground force element of the Trinidad and Tobago Defence Force. It has approximately 3000 men and women, organized into four (4) battalions and a Regiment Headquarte... | Spain | CG 41 | Australia | Austal | 2021- | |- | TTS Scarborough | CG 42 | Australia | Austal | 2021- | Cape class |- ! colspan="6" style="background: lavender;"| Coastal patrol vessels |- | TTS Scarlet Ibis | CG 11 | Australia | Austal | | Scarlet Ibis class |- | TTS Hibiscus | CG 12 | Australia | Austal | | Scarlet ... |
first Commonwealth country to join the Organization of American States (OAS). In 1995, Trinidad played host to the inaugural meeting of the Association of Caribbean States and has become the seat of this 35-member grouping, which seeks to further economic progress and integration among its states. In international foru... | became an independent state in 1962 with Queen Elizabeth II as Queen of Trinidad and Tobago. She was represented by the Governor-General of Trinidad and Tobago. In 1976, Trinidad and Tobago became a republic in the Commonwealth of Nations with the last Governor-General, Sir Ellis Clarke becoming the first President of ... |
brush (low shrubs) present on the island. Veloutaries (Heliotropium foertherianum) and purslane (Portulaca oleracea), with growth shaped by a dominant east winds are present everywhere on the island. The fauna consists mainly of hermit crabs (Paguroidea), seabirds, and sea turtles for which the island is an important n... | winds are present everywhere on the island. The fauna consists mainly of hermit crabs (Paguroidea), seabirds, and sea turtles for which the island is an important nesting place. The green turtle (Chelonia mydas), also known as the freshwater turtle, is mainly encountered and, to a lesser extent, the tortoiseshell turtl... |
geographically lie very close to it. Tunisia also has an association agreement with the European Union, and has also attained the status of a major non-NATO ally of the United States. Etymology The word Tunisia is derived from Tunis; a central urban hub and the capital of modern-day Tunisia. The present form of the nam... | in extending their rule over the whole of Tunisia until they were crushed by Almohad troops in 1207. After this success, the Almohads installed Walid Abu Hafs as the governor of Tunisia. Tunisia remained part of the Almohad state, until 1230 when the son of Abu Hafs declared himself independent. During the reign of the... |
Europe and the United States. Bilateral relations Africa Americas Asia Tunisia has long been a voice for moderation and realism in the Middle East. Tunisia served as the headquarters of the Arab League from 1979 to 1990 and hosted the Palestine Liberation Organization's (PLO) headquarters from 1982 to 1993, when the PL... | Tunisia's long-time policy of seeking good relations with the West, while playing an active role in Arab and African regional bodies. President Habib Bourguiba took a nonaligned stance but emphasized close relations with Europe and the United States. Bilateral relations Africa Americas Asia Tunisia has long been a voic... |
to the area, and of which 12 are endangered and 19 vulnerable. Hazelnut is a native species for this region, which covers 70 and 82% of the world's production and exports respectively. The Kaçkar Range at altitudes of 3000 m and above is heavily glaciated (see map on the right) owing to the suitable geomorphological- c... | be the geographical center of Earth. External boundaries Turkey, surrounded by water on three sides, has well-defined natural borders with its eight neighbors. Turkey’s frontiers with Greece—206 kilometers—and Bulgaria—240 kilometers— were settled by the Treaty of Constantinople (1913) and later confirmed by the Treaty... |
Health Survey, is 17.8%. Other estimates include 15.7% of the population according to the newspaper Milliyet, and 23% by Kurdologist David McDowall. The Minority Rights Group report of 1985 (by Martin Short and Anthony McDermott) gave an estimate of 15% Kurds in the population of Turkey in 1980, i.e. 8,455,000 out of 4... | Armenian genocide between 1915 and 1923. Albanians Assyrians/Syriacs An estimated 40,000-50,000 Assyrians/Syriacs live in Turkey, with about 17,000 in Istanbul and the other 23–33,000 scattered in southeast Turkey primarily in Turabdin, Diyarbakir, Adiyaman, and Harput respectively. They belong to the Syriac Orthodox C... |
laws, decrees having the force of law (decret-loi), changes of parliamentary by-laws and several other acts of the parliament. Sayıştay (Court of Accounts) is the court which examines the incomes and expenses of the administrative bodies and which acts in the name of parliament. The Military Court of Cassation (Askeri ... | particular importance are: Neoliberalism Pan-Turkism Socialism Communism These principles are the continuum around which various – and often rapidly changing – political parties and groups have campaigned (and sometimes fought). On a superficial level, the importance which state officials attach to these principles and... |
investing in high-speed rail lines, which at 2,175 km (1,353 mi) ranked ninth longest in the world. As of 2010, the country had a roadway network of 426,951 km, including 2,080 km of expressways and 16,784 km of divided highways. As of 2010, the Turkish merchant marine included 1,199 ships (604 registered at home), ran... | the world's newly industrialized countries. With a population of 83.4 million as of 2021, Turkey has the world's 20th-largest nominal GDP, and 11th-largest GDP by PPP. The country is among the world's leading producers of agricultural products, textiles, motor vehicles, transportation equipment, construction materials,... |
to each other , the provincial center, the districts in the neighboring provinces, the state roads, railway stations, seaports, and airports Motorways: Motorway 2.225 km (2019) Dual carriageways: 17.550 km State Highways 31.021 km (2019) Provincial Roads 34.153 (2019) Motorway Projects‐Vision 5250 km (in 2023) As of 20... | of gauge, of which 2,336 km are electrified (2005). There are daily regular passenger trains all through the network. TCDD has started an investment program of building 5.000 km high-speed lines until 2023. As of October 2019, three high speed train routes are running: Ankara-Eskişehir-İstanbul, Ankara-Konya and İstanb... |
the 50th anniversary of the Turkish Republic. Invasion in Cyprus On 20 July 1974, the TAF launched an amphibious and airborne assault operation on Cyprus, in response to the 1974 Cypriot coup d'état which had been staged by EOKA-B and the Cypriot National Guard against president Makarios III with the intention of annex... | of NATO. The Air Force took part in the Operation Deliberate Force of 1995 and Operation Allied Force of 1999, and later participated in the United Nations peacekeeping mission in Bosnia-Herzegovina, employing two squadrons (one in the Ghedi fighter wing, and after 2000 one in the Aviano fighter wing.) They returned to... |
1550-1650. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1990. International Crisis Group, "Turkey and Europe: The Way Ahead," Europe Report No. 184 (17 August 2007). Kramer, Heinz, A Changing Turkey: A Challenge to Europe and the US (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2000). Kubicek, Paul, "Turkey's Inclusion in ... | C. "Turkey Joins the West." Foreign Affairs, July 1954, pp. 617–30. Oguzlu, Tarik, "Turkey and Europeanization of Foreign Policy?" Political Science Quarterly, 125.4 (Winter 2010/2011). Pierini, Marc, "Options for the EU–Turkey Relationship," Carnegie Europe, 3 May 2019. Pierini, Marc and Ulgen, Sinan, "A Moment of Opp... |
cultures which spanned the entire spectrum of language families including the Indo-Europeans and Turko-Mongol groups. Some of the known early Iranian tribes included the Massagatae, Scythians/Sakas, and early Soghdians (most likely precursors of the Khwarezmians). Turkmenistan was a passing point for numerous migration... | origin of the word Turkmen remains unclear. According to popular etymologies as old as the 11th century, the word derives from Turk plus the Iranian element manand, and means "resembling a Turk." Modern scholars, on the other hand, have proposed that the element man /men acts as an intensifier and have translated the w... |
the Tejen (1,124 km); the Murgab (852 km); and the Atrek (660 km). Environmental issues Background Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union, environmental regulation is largely unchanged in Turkmenistan. The new government created the Ministry of Natural Resources Use and Environmental Protection in July 1992, with de... | to estimates, as a result of desertification processes and pollution, biological productivity of the ecological systems in Turkmenistan has declined by 30% to 50% in recent decades. The Karakum and Kyzyl Kum deserts are expanding at a rate surpassed on a planetary scale only by the desertification process in the Sahara... |
history books. Today they have been rehabilitated. At the period of the collapse of the USSR, 36,000 Azerbaijanis lived in Turkmenistan, now their population has reached over 52,000. While living in Turkmenistan, Azerbaijanis have contributed to the culture and art of the country. Musical instruments such as Gaval, Nag... | from leaving the country in an apparent effort to stem emigration. Vital statistics UN estimates Registered births and deaths Fertility and Births Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR): Life expectancy Source: UN World Population Prospects Ethnic groups The table shows the ethnic... |
December 2006 – present) (acting until 14 February 2007) List of heads of government of Turkmenistan (1925–1991) Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (1924–1991) Chairmen of the Council of People's Commissars Kaikhaziz Atabayev (20 February 1925 – 8 July 1937) Aitbay Khudaybergenov (October 1937 – 17 October 1945) Sukhan ... | Saparmurat Niyazov, a former bureaucrat of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, ruled Turkmenistan from 1985, when he became head of the Communist Party of the Turkmen SSR, until his death in 2006. He ruled with totalitarian control over the country after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. On 28 December 1999 the... |
2.85 Turkmenistan manat. On January 1, 2015, the official exchange rate was changed to 1 United States dollar to 3.50 Turkmenistan manat. However, the black-market exchange rate as of February 2021 was fluctuating around 29 to 30 manat to the dollar. As of mid-April, the black-market manat-dollar exchange rate had slid... | Turkmenistan's glass exports as reported by trading partners was $9.5 million. A steel smelter, Türkmen Demir Önümleri Döwlet Kärhanasy () operating on scrap metal is located at kilometer 22 on the Ashgabat-Dashoguz Automobile Highway near Ovadandepe. It produces mainly rebar and channel iron. Chemicals As of 2019, Tur... |
will have transmission for TV, radio broadcasting and the internet. The satellite's operations will be controlled by the state-run Turkmenistan National Space Agency (TNSA). Mobile BCTI was the only GSM operator in the country with a 10-year exclusive license granted in 1994. Due to lack of competition, BCTI continued ... | the higher speed Internet with ADSL to the consumers in Turkmenistan. In 2008, MTS started offering Internet service to mobile subscribers via GPRS. Altyn Asyr was first to launch 3G and 2 Mbit/s mobile internet service in March 2010. The move surprised mobile customers as the provider was known for inferior but cheape... |
Turkmenistan commenced in Bereket in December 2007 and in Kazakhstan in July 2009, and was completed in late 2014. In late 2016, a railway line from Kerki south to Ymamnazar on the border with Afghanistan and beyond to Aqina in Andkhoy District was opened. It is expected to become part of a railway corridor through nor... | and waterways, as well as oil-, gas-, and water pipelines. Road-, rail-, and waterway transport fall under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Industry and Communications. During Soviet times Turkmenistan's transportation infrastructure was in general disrepair and neglected. Since 1991 Turkmenistan has completed a num... |
original employees were retired Soviet officials in the Communist Party of the Turkmen SSR. General Staff Structure Land Forces Command Department of the Missile Forces and Artillery Department of the Air Force and Air Defense Forces Command Department of Communication Troops Department of Engineering Troops Department... | of the original employees were retired Soviet officials in the Communist Party of the Turkmen SSR. General Staff Structure Land Forces Command Department of the Missile Forces and Artillery Department of the Air Force and Air Defense Forces Command Department of Communication Troops Department of Engineering Troops Dep... |
Uzbekistan have disputes over water-sharing. Turkmenistan shares a long border with Afghanistan, a principal producer of heroin and opium. As a result, a large volume of narcotics are trafficked through Turkmenistan on their way to lucrative markets in Europe and Russia. Natural resources Turkmenistan is rich in natura... | which buys the vast bulk of Turkmen natural gas via the Central Asia–China gas pipeline. Turkmenistan has significant commercial relationships with Russia and Iran and growing cross-border trade with Afghanistan. The Government of Turkmenistan often appears to use the conflicting interests of these regional powers as a... |
country, they at one time could not confer citizenship. Instead, people with close ties to Britain's Overseas Territories all held the same nationality: British Overseas Territories Citizen (BOTC) as defined by the British Nationality Act 1981 and subsequent amendments. BOTC, however, does not confer any right to live ... | of the 20 man crew and 192 captive Africans survived the sinking. Officials freed the Africans and arranged for 168 persons to be apprenticed to island proprietors on Grand Turk Island for one year. They increased the small population of the colony by seven per cent. The remaining 24 were resettled in Nassau, Bahamas. ... |
0 (1998) A partial list of AM/FM/SW stations in the Turks and Caicos Islands is provided below: AM Radio: 530 Radio Visión Cristiana VHT 1460 (formerly VSI) FM Radio: ZISP-FM 88.1 Smooth FM ZGCI-FM 88.3 GCI Broadcasting ZI??-FM 88.5 Connolly Productions Company ZIDG-FM 88.7 D & D Ewing Communications Ltd. 88.7 / 98.9 Z... | Radio ZWIV-2 89.9 Coral Radio 2 (WIV) ZIPH-FM 90.5 90.5 Praise Him FM ZISN-FM 91.1 91.1 Sun FM Sun Media ZIPW-FM 92.5 92.5 Power FM ZIIS-FM 93.9 93.9 Island FM ZIKB-FM 94.7 KIST 95 ZIKC-FM 95.1 KIST 95 ZVIC-FM 96.7 VIC - Victory in Christ Radio ZIAP-FM 98.3 Abundant Life Ministries ZIDP-FM 98.9 ROJ - Rock of Jesus ZIKS... |
whaler Independence II has been identified as the first whaler to hunt the waters around Tuvalu. He bartered coconuts from the people of Nukulaelae in November 1821, and also visited Niulakita. He established a shore camp on Sakalua islet of Nukufetau, where coal was used to melt down the whale blubber. For less than a... | on Fongafale, for septic tanks are leaking into the freshwater lens in the sub-surface of the atoll as well as the ocean and lagoon. Composting toilets reduce water use by up to 30%. Government Parliamentary democracy The Constitution of Tuvalu states that it is "the supreme law of Tuvalu" and that "all other laws shal... |
lagoon as the result of coral debris filling the lagoon. The Tuvalu islands have poor soil and a total land area of only about 26 km², less than . The land is very low-lying, with narrow coral atolls. The highest elevation is above sea level on Niulakita. Over 4 decades, there had been a net increase in land area of th... | conditions resulted in a state of emergency being declared as water reserves ran low. Typically the islands of Tuvalu receive between 200mm to 400mm of rainfall per month, however a weak La Niña effect causes a drought by cooling the surface of the sea around Tuvalu. Tropical cyclones Severe tropical cyclones are usual... |
There is evidence for a dual genetic origin of Pacific Islanders in Asia and Melanesia, which results from an analysis of Y chromosome (NRY) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) markers. There is also evidence of Fiji playing a pivotal role in west-to-east expansion within Polynesia. The vast majority of Tuvaluans belong to t... | (57%) than females (43%) absent. The high proportion in range of ages 15 to 29 years (37% of the total) is described as indicating the significance of overseas tertiary education and training. The 2013 Census of New Zealand reported 3,537 Tuvaluans, an increase of 80% from the 1,965 reported in the 2001 census. In the ... |
slowing down the speed of the entire system. TTC currently operates satellite internet services with less than 20 Mbit/s of capacity. In June 2014 TTC signed a five-year agreement with Kacific Broadband Satellites for the supply of provide high speed bandwidth to the islands of Tuvalu. From 2017 the service was provide... | Telephones Telephones - main lines in use: 900 (2005) Telephones - mobile cellular: 1300 (2005) Telephone system: domestic: radiotelephone communications between islands international: country code - 688; international calls can be made by satellite Radio and television Radio broadcast stations: AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0... |
current rulesets. Both rely on six-sided dice and both draw from the original Traveller rules. Traveller The original version was designed and published by GDW in 1977. The core rules originally came as a box set of three black digest-sized books, and were later compiled into a single volume rulebook. Supplemental book... | itself with six major races that developed faster-than-light travel independently. In addition to Humaniti, the standard list of major races includes the honor-bound catlike Aslan, the winged lizard-like Droyne, the sixfold-symmetric and manipulative Hivers, the centaur-like militant vegetarian K'kree, and the wolf-hyb... |
and the camera can be fixed to the vehicle or held by a person in the vehicle. Use in sporting events The "rail cam" made a public debut in the NHL on November 20, 2006 in the Colorado Avalanche/Dallas Stars hockey game. The Versus cable television network used the camera during the game to test it out for a live use o... | moves in relationship to the subject, is often confused with panning, in which the camera remains stationary but pivots right or left on its axis. Variant A variant of the tracking shot is the onride video, also known as a phantom ride, where the camera films during a ride on a train, an amusement ride (especially a ro... |
Gettier problem. The subject of justification has played a major role in the value of knowledge as "justified true belief". Some contemporary epistemologists, such as Jonathan Kvanvig assert that justification isn't necessary in getting to the truth and avoiding errors. Kvanvig attempts to show that knowledge is no mor... | sufficient evidence or reasons that entails that the belief is at least likely to be true. The truth-conductive conception of justification corresponds to epistemic externalism. Theories of justification There are several different views as to what entails justification, mostly focusing on the question "How sure do we ... |
say about economics or ethics, rest on more basic beliefs, say about the nature of human beings; and those rest on still more basic beliefs, say about the mind; and in the end the entire system rests on a set of basic beliefs which are not justified by other beliefs. Coherentism Alternatively, the chain of reasoning ma... | about what a bed, a canopy and so on, actually look like. Another objection is that the rule demanding "coherence" in a system of ideas seems to be an unjustified belief. Infinitism Infinitism argues that the chain can go on forever. Critics argue that this means there is never adequate justification for any statement ... |
the state. The constitutions of various countries codify views as to the purposes, powers, and forms of their governments, but they tend to do so in rather vague terms, which particular laws, courts, and actions of politicians subsequently flesh out. In general, various countries have translated vague talk about the pu... | are not produced adequately in a market system, such as infrastructure or social services. Market forces may not be sufficient to incentivize rational individuals to adequately produce these public goods; therefore, coercive institutions must intervene and guarantee the production of such public goods, whether by assum... |
and plains of Italy), when the same system was later extended to other parts of Europe and to America, it proved to be inapplicable. Therefore, the use of mollusks was abandoned from the definition and the epochs were renamed and redefined. For much of the time during which the term 'Tertiary' was in formal use, it ref... | 1833, Charles Lyell incorporated a Tertiary Period into his own, far more detailed system of classification, based on fossil mollusks he collected in Italy and Sicily in 1828-1829. He subdivided the Tertiary Period into four epochs according to the percentage of fossil mollusks resembling modern species found in those ... |
Shuttle program missions (three on Columbia and one each on Endeavour and Discovery) and logged over 1512 hours in space. In her last mission on Discovery in 1999, she performed an extra-vehicular activity for 7 hours and 55.5 minutes. Jernigan has served as Deputy Chief of the Astronaut Office, assisting with the mana... | physics and astronomy from Rice University. Her research focused on the modeling of high-velocity outflows in regions of star formation, gamma-ray bursters, and the study of radiation produced by interstellar shock waves. NASA career Jernigan began working for NASA in June 1981 at the Ames Research Center while earning... |
philosophical problem traditionally stated as the following epistemological question: Given that I can only observe the behavior of others, how can I know that others have minds? The problem is that knowledge of other minds is always indirect. The problem of other minds does not negatively impact social interactions of... | notion that for any person only one's own mind is known to exist. Solipsism maintains that no matter how sophisticated someone's behavior is, behavior on its own does not guarantee the presence of mentality. See also Animal consciousness Boltzmann brain Brain in a vat Chinese room Dream |
of Reagan-era Cold War values. They reflect both popular perceptions of Soviet behavior and the predominant national security values of the Reagan era. They also perpetuate myths about the U.S. past and reinforce the symbols, images, and historical lessons that have dominated Cold War discourse." Personal life Clancy's... | September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, on The O'Reilly Factor, Clancy suggested that left-wing politicians in the United States were partly responsible for the failure to prevent the attacks due to their "gutting" of the Central Intelligence Agency. On September 11, 2001, Clancy was interviewed by Judy Woodruff on CNN.... |
this did not cost him his life and was spared, perhaps because of his great authority and his age. Another reason would the fact that he was Bilge Qaghan's father-in-law. During Bilgä's reign In 716 he was appointed to be Master Strategist (Bagha Tarkhan) by his son-in-law Bilgä Qaγan. Chinese sources state, Bilgä Qaγa... | this did not cost him his life and was spared, perhaps because of his great authority and his age. Another reason would the fact that he was Bilge Qaghan's father-in-law. During Bilgä's reign In 716 he was appointed to be Master Strategist (Bagha Tarkhan) by his son-in-law Bilgä Qaγan. Chinese sources state, Bilgä Qaγa... |
eight carts. After executions, the bodies would be buried nearby or in later times removed for dissection by anatomists. The crowd would sometimes fight over a body with surgeons, for fear that dismemberment could prevent the resurrection of the body on Judgement Day (see Jack Sheppard, Dick Turpin or William Spiggot).... | probably because of wear, but in general, the entire structure stood all the time in Tyburn. After some acts of vandalism, in October 1759 it was decided to replace the permanent structure with new moving gallows until the last execution in Tyburn, probably carried out in November 1783. The executions were public spect... |
palette and also a colour naming scheme that is particular to TfL. Earlier maps were limited by the number of colours available that could be clearly distinguished in print. Improvements in colour printing technology have reduced that problem and the map has coped with the identification of new lines without great diff... | have been added to help passengers judge the cost of a journey. Nevertheless, the map remains true to Beck's original scheme, and many other transport systems use schematic maps to represent their services that are likely inspired by Beck. A facsimile of Beck's original design is on display on the southbound platform a... |
from neighbouring towns as well as from not even bordering ones, on which the complete new residential areas were built and are still being built. Geography The Hague is the largest Dutch city on the North Sea in the Netherlands and forms the centre of the Greater The Hague urban area. Westland and Wateringen lie to th... | quarter to be torn down by the Nazi occupants. On 3 March 1945, the Royal Air Force mistakenly bombed the Bezuidenhout quarter. The target was an installation of V-2 rockets in the nearby Haagse Bos park, but because of navigational errors, the bombs fell on a heavily populated and historic part of the city. The bombar... |
TV shows The Tom and Jerry Show (1975 TV series) The Tom and Jerry Show (2014 TV series) The Tom and Jerry Comedy Show, a 1980 television series Tom & Jerry Kids, a 1990 television series Tom and Jerry Tales, a 2006 television series Movies of Tom and Jerry Tom and Jerry: The Movie, a 1992 feature film Tom and Jerry: T... | Merry Mouse, 2012 American direct-to-video animated film Tom and Jerry's Giant Adventure, 2013 American direct-to-video animated film Tom and Jerry: The Lost Dragon, 2014 American direct-to-video animated film Tom and Jerry: Spy Quest, 2015 American animated film Tom and Jerry: Back to Oz, 2016 American direct-to-video... |
Typically, Powers strictly adheres to established historical facts. He reads extensively on a given subject, and the plot develops as he notes inconsistencies, gaps and curious data; regarding his 2001 novel Declare, he stated, "I made it an ironclad rule that I could not change or disregard any of the recorded facts, ... | drink. The Anubis Gates (1983) Philip K. Dick Award winner, 1983; Locus Fantasy Award nominee, 1984; BSFA nominee, 1985 A time travel story set mostly in 1810, featuring a brainwashed Lord Byron, magic, Egyptian gods and a werewolf. Dinner at Deviant's Palace (1985) Philip K. Dick Award winner, and Nebula Award nominee... |
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