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severity of the cancer. Some men have only the tip of their penis removed. For others with more advanced cancer, the entire penis must be removed. In rare instances, botched circumcisions have also resulted in full or partial penectomies, as with David Reimer. Fournier gangrene can also be a reason for penectomy and/or... | must be removed. In rare instances, botched circumcisions have also resulted in full or partial penectomies, as with David Reimer. Fournier gangrene can also be a reason for penectomy and/or orchiectomy. Follow-up support Because of the rarity of cancers which require the partial or total removal of the penis, support ... |
to note that proviruses are distinctly different from prophages and these terms should not be used interchangeably. Unlike prophages, proviruses do not excise themselves from the host genome when the host cell is stressed. This state can be a stage of virus replication, or a state that persists over longer periods of t... | reverse transcriptase, then inserted into the host genome by an integrase. A provirus does not directly make new DNA copies of itself while integrated into a host genome in this way. Instead, it is passively replicated along with the host genome and passed on to the original cell's offspring; all descendants of the inf... |
often associated with Royal occasions. Similarly, for ships, there may be a sail-past of, e.g., tall ships (as was seen during Trafalgar 200) or other sailing vessels as during the celebrations of the 60th anniversary of World War II. Longest parade The longest parade in the world is the Hanover Schützenfest that takes... | in Hanover every year during the Schützenfest. The parade is long with more than 12,000 participants from all over the world, among them more than 100 bands and around 70 floats and carriages. Types of parades Boat Parade (Winterfest) Carnival parade Cavalcade Circus Flypast Flower parade Halloween parade Military para... |
extracted. This restriction is met by several practical applications of priority queues. Summary of running times Equivalence of priority queues and sorting algorithms Using a priority queue to sort The semantics of priority queues naturally suggest a sorting method: insert all the elements to be sorted into a priority... | the item to the 'th, and updates , both in constant time. Extract-min deletes and returns one item from the list with index , then increments if needed until it again points to a non-empty list; this takes time in the worst case. These queues are useful for sorting the vertices of a graph by their degree. A van Emde Bo... |
patience, tolerance, forbearance, acceptance, endurance Sacca pāramī: truthfulness, honesty Adhiṭṭhāna pāramī : determination, resolution Mettā pāramī: goodwill, friendliness, loving-kindness Upekkhā pāramī: equanimity, serenity Two of the above virtues, mettā and upekkhā, also are brahmavihāras, and two - vīrya and up... | before the Theravada and Mahayana schools split. In the Ten Stages Sutra, four more pāramitās are listed: 7. Upāya pāramitā (उपाय पारमिता): skillful means (方便波羅蜜） 8. Praṇidhāna pāramitā (प्राणिधान पारमिता): vow, resolution, aspiration, determination (願波羅蜜） 9. Bala pāramitā (बल पारमिता): spiritual power (力波羅蜜） 10. Jñāna... |
mechanical waves in solids, liquids, and gases (such as vibration and sound) History of agrophysics – history of the study of physics applied to agroecosystems History of soil physics – history of the study of soil physical properties and processes. History of astrophysics – history of the study of the physical aspects... | stars and other celestial bodies. History of cosmology – history of the discipline that deals with the nature of the Universe as a whole. History of extragalactic astronomy – history of the branch of astronomy concerned with objects outside our own Milky Way Galaxy History of galactic astronomy – history of the study o... |
Mind: Toward a Psychology for the 21st Century Journal of Consciousness Studies Journal of Near-Death Studies Journal of Parapsychology Journal of Scientific Exploration Life After Life: The Investigation of a Phenomenon—Survival of Bodily Death Life Before Life: A Scientific Investigation of Children's Memories of Pre... | Rhine Kenneth Ring D. Scott Rogo William G. Roll Ramón Alberto Ruiz Henry Sidgwick Ian Stevenson Charles Tart Rudolf Tischner Jim B. Tucker René Warcollier Publications Extrasensory Perception Irreducible Mind: Toward a Psychology for the 21st Century Journal of Consciousness Studies Journal of Near-Death Studies Journ... |
Security Crime, Criminal justice Civil defense, Emergency preparedness, Community emergency response teams Military Regulation, Deregulation Industrial policy, Investment policy, Tax, tariff and trade Public health, Pollution, Emissions trading Budget Socialism Taxation Technocracy Management Public policy degrees Refe... | association for public relations firms The Global Alliance, an international peak organisation with a mission to enhance the public relations profession and its practitioners throughout the world. The Institute for Public Relations is focused on the science beneath the art of public relations International Association ... |
Color Color field Color realism Color theory (hue, tint, tone, value) Coloring book Colourist painting Combine painting Company style Composition Conservation and restoration of ancient Greek pottery Conservation and restoration of cultural heritage Conservation and restoration of frescos Conservation and restoration o... | Exposition des primitifs flamands à Bruges Expressionism F Fairy painting Fat over lean Fauvism Faux painting Fayum mummy portraits Feast of the Gods Fedoskino miniature Fête galante Figura serpentinata Figuration Libre Figurative art Figure drawing Figure painting Figure painting (hobby) Figure study Fijnschilder Fine... |
or Kouhala's Lilavai (c. 8th century), fictional romance Madhuka's Hara's Belt (10th century), a compendium covering a wide range of topics, such as casting love spells and treating snakebites Jineshvara's Treasury of Gatha-Jewels (1194), anthology of verses Addahamana's Sandesha-rasaka (13th century), a message poem; ... | used the term "Prakrit" to refer to two concepts: Prakrit languages: a group of closely related literary languages the Prakrit language: one of the Prakrit languages, which alone was used as the primary language of entire poems Some modern scholars include all Middle Indo-Aryan languages under the rubric of 'Prakrits',... |
by Hans Pfitzner Palestrina - Prince of Music, a 2009 Italian/German music film Palestrina, an opera by Johann Sachs Palestrina Glacier, | a minor planet Palestrina (opera), a 1917 opera by Hans Pfitzner Palestrina - Prince of Music, a 2009 Italian/German music film Palestrina, an opera by Johann Sachs Palestrina |
discontinuities between historical and contemporary styles and electronic media, sometimes referring simultaneously to vastly different musical genres, idioms, and cultural codes. In marketing, "progressive" is used to distinguish a product from "commercial" pop music. Jazz Progressive jazz is a form of big band that i... | me I played 'progressive' music. I said, 'You're full of shit!' 'Stan Kenton? There ain't nothing in my music that's cold, cold like his." Progressive big band is a style of big band or swing music that was made for listening, with denser, more modernist arrangements and more room to improvise. The online music guide A... |
On a technical level, it made modulating to a new key to introduce a contrasting second theme exceedingly difficult, as this was literally a foreign concept that did not exist in Russian music. The second way melody worked against Tchaikovsky was a challenge that he shared with the majority of Romantic-age composers. T... | of Tchaikovsky's personal life, especially his sexuality, has perhaps been the most extensive of any composer in the 19th century and certainly of any Russian composer of his time. It has also at times caused considerable confusion, from Soviet efforts to expunge all references to same-sex attraction and portray him as... |
group can be modified with simple organic molecules such as choline, ethanolamine or serine. Phospholipids are a key component of all cell membranes. They can form lipid bilayers because of their amphiphilic characteristic. In eukaryotes, cell membranes also contain another class of lipid, sterol, interspersed among th... | as a solvent for all the substances and proteins within it, so proteins and lipid molecules are then free to diffuse laterally through the lipid matrix and migrate over the membrane. Sterols contribute to membrane fluidity by hindering the packing together of phospholipids. However, this model has now been superseded, ... |
and Cuban leader Fidel Castro, putting him at odds with other capitalist Western nations. Trudeau is ranked highly among scholars in rankings of Canadian prime ministers. His eldest son, Justin Trudeau, became the 23rd and current prime minister, following the 2015 Canadian federal election; Justin Trudeau is the first... | The conference ended with the compromise agreement that Britain would complete its existing arms contracts to South Africa, but henceforward sell no more weapons to South Africa; ultimately the British only sold South Africa five attack helicopters. Lee Kuan Yew, the prime minister of Singapore and the host of the conf... |
used for writing before modern lead or chalk pencils. Though the archetypal pencil was an artist's brush, the stylus, a thin metal stick used for scratching in papyrus or wax tablets, was used extensively by the Romans and for palm-leaf manuscripts. Graphite deposit discoveries As a technique for drawing, the closest p... | of Pulai – another wood native to the region in pencil manufacturing. Eraser attachment On March 30, 1858, Hymen Lipman received the first patent for attaching an eraser to the end of a pencil. In 1862, Lipman sold his patent to Joseph Reckendorfer for $100,000, who went on to sue pencil manufacturer Faber-Castell for ... |
per second or 37 gigabecquerels) originally named in honor of Curie by the Radiology Congress in 1910, after his death. Subsequently, there has been some controversy over whether the naming was in honor of Pierre, Marie, or both. Spiritualism In the late nineteenth century, Pierre Curie was investigating the mysteries ... | Science. In 1895, he went on to receive his doctorate at the University of Paris. The submission material for his doctorate consisted of his research over magnetism. After obtaining his doctorate, he became professor of physics and in 1900, he became professor in the faculty of sciences. In 1880, Pierre and his older b... |
a finite state machine in two ways: It can use the top of the stack to decide which transition to take. It can manipulate the stack as part of performing a transition. A pushdown automaton reads a given input string from left to right. In each step, it chooses a transition by indexing a table by input symbol, current s... | that employs a stack. Pushdown automata are used in theories about what can be computed by machines. They are more capable than finite-state machines but less capable than Turing machines (see below). Deterministic pushdown automata can recognize all deterministic context-free languages while nondeterministic ones can ... |
in which lead to many connective-tissue diseases such as scurvy. methylation Several protein residues can be methylated, most notably the positive groups of lysine and arginine. Arginine residues interact with the nucleic acid phosphate backbone and commonly form hydrogen bonds with the base residues, particularly guan... | target for the powerful toxins of disparate bacteria, e.g., Vibrio cholerae, Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Bordetella pertussis. ubiquitination and SUMOylation Various full-length, folded proteins can be attached at their C-termini to the sidechain ammonium groups of lysines of other proteins. Ubiquitin is the most c... |
avoiding promotion to the final level are described in chapter 14. Attempting to refuse an offered promotion is ill-advised and is only practicable if the employee is not married and has no one else to answer to. Generally, it is better to avoid being considered for promotion in the first place, by pretending to be inc... | advances. Research and related works Other commenters made observations similar to the Peter principle long before Peter's research. Gotthold Ephraim Lessing's 1763 play Minna von Barnhelm features an army sergeant who shuns the opportunity to move up in the ranks, saying "I am a good sergeant; I might easily make a ba... |
objects in order to explain his concepts. More modern versions of the theory seek to avoid applying potentially misleading descriptions to universals. Instead, such versions maintain that it is meaningless (or a category mistake) to apply the categories of space and time to universals. Regardless of their description, ... | from people's bodies. Thus, people cannot see or otherwise come into sensory contact with universals, but in order to conceive of universals, one must be able to conceive of these abstract forms. Theories of universals Theories of universals, including Platonic realism, are challenged to satisfy certain constraints on ... |
Psychosis is rare in adolescents. Young people who have psychosis may have trouble connecting with the world around them and may experience hallucinations and/or delusions. Adolescents with psychosis may also have cognitive deficits that may make it harder for the youth to socialize and work. Potential impairments incl... | Wilson's disease, porphyria, and homocysteinemia. nutritional deficiency, such as vitamin B12 deficiency other acquired metabolic disorders, including electrolyte disturbances such as hypocalcemia, hypernatremia, hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypermagnesemia, hypercalcemia, and hypophosphatemia, but also h... |
but usually no blame. Making false accusations and the general distrust of other people also frequently accompany paranoia. For example, a paranoid person might believe an incident was intentional when most people would view it as an accident or coincidence. Paranoia is a central symptom of psychosis. Signs and symptom... | and warrants special privileges)," can be contributing backgrounds. Experiences likely to enhance or manifest the symptoms of paranoia include increased rates of disappointment, stress, and a hopeless state of mind. Discrimination has also been reported as a potential predictor of paranoid delusions. Such reports that ... |
recounting the Roman Republic, Polybius stated that "the Senate stands in awe of the multitude, and cannot neglect the feelings of the people". Other important themes running through The Histories are the role of Fortune in the affairs of nations, his insistence that history should be demonstratory, or apodeiktike, pro... | of the Roman Republic as a global power in the ancient Mediterranean world. The work includes eyewitness accounts of the Sack of Carthage and Corinth, and the Roman annexation of mainland Greece after the Achaean War. Polybius’ Histories cover the period from 264 BC to 146 BC. It focuses mainly on the years 220 BC – 16... |
only ancient sources of information on Spartan life. Pomeroy et al. conclude that Plutarch's works on Sparta, while they must be treated with skepticism, remain valuable for their "large quantities of information" and these historians concede that "Plutarch's writings on Sparta, more than those of any other ancient aut... | Stanley Burstein, Walter Donlan, and Jennifer Tolbert Roberts have written, "Plutarch was influenced by histories written after the decline of Sparta and marked by nostalgia for a happier past, real or imagined." Turning to Plutarch himself, they write, "the admiration writers like Plutarch and Xenophon felt for Sparta... |
Dilys Powell commented that Sellers gave "a firework performance, funny, malicious, only once for a few seconds overreaching itself, and in the murder scene which is both prologue and epilogue achieving the macabre in comedy". Towards the end of 1962, Sellers appeared in The Dock Brief, a legal satire directed by James... | Prime Minister and the innocent and clumsy farm boy selected to lead an invasion of the United States. The film received high praise from critics. After completing I'm All Right Jack, Sellers returned to record a new series of The Goon Show. Over the course of two weekends, he took his 16mm cine-camera to Totteridge La... |
university group Lysator (see below), with the aim of publishing free electronic versions of books significant to the culture and history of the Nordic countries. The Project began archiving its first Nordic-language literature pieces (parts of the Fänrik Ståls Sägner, of Nordic dictionaries and of a Bible from 1917) i... | sheet music and other texts of cultural interest. Nature and history Project Runeberg is a digital cultural archive initiative patterned after the English-language cultural initiative, Project Gutenberg; it was founded by Lars Aronsson and colleagues at Linköping University, especially within the university group Lysat... |
to left justify text. Text is flowed in each line of a paragraph up to a limit set with the -r option in the command line. If no limit is given in the command line, then a default value of 72 characters per line is used. This limit is used to wrap lines during composition, as well as to justify text. The command justif... | line. Moving inside the editor can be done using the keyboard by using the arrow keys. Keys such as , or , scroll the text up or down (towards the beginning or end of the file, respectively). The commands , and move the cursor to the beginning or end of the file respectively, while the commands and move the cursor to t... |
random sample. If the resultant scatterplot suggests that the plotted points tend to "stabilize" about a horizontal straight line, then a power-law distribution should be suspected. Since the mean residual life plot is very sensitive to outliers (it is not robust), it usually produces plots that are difficult to interp... | found in the human body compose a majority of published research The size of forest patches globally follows a power law Meteorology The size of rain-shower cells, energy dissipation in cyclones, and the diameters of dust devils on Earth and Mars General science Exponential growth and random observation (or killing) Pr... |
a ball in the American or Canadian varieties of football Punt (Australian football), a way of kicking a ball in the Australian variety of football A type of goal kick in association football Other uses Punt (surname), a surname The Punt or Punt Éireannach, also known as the Irish pound, which was the currency of Irelan... | a small sailing vessel hired by ships anchored in Falmouth harbour Norfolk Punt, a type of racing dinghy developed in Norfolk Cable ferry, known as a punt in Australian English Places Land of Punt, a trading partner of Ancient Egypt possibly based in the Horn of Africa region Puntland, a region in north-eastern Somalia... |
– being lower than 7 if the temperature increases above 25 °C. The pH value can be less than 0 for very concentrated strong acids, or greater than 14 for very concentrated strong bases. The pH scale is traceable to a set of standard solutions whose pH is established by international agreement. Primary pH standard value... | lie mostly in the range 0 to 14, though negative pH values and values above 14 are entirely possible. Since pH is a logarithmic scale, a difference of one pH unit is equivalent to a tenfold difference in hydrogen ion concentration. The pH of neutrality is not exactly 7 (25 °C), although this is a good approximation in ... |
"paste." The French word pastel first appeared in 1662. Most brands produce gradations of a color, the original pigment of which tends to be dark, from pure pigment to near-white by mixing in differing quantities of chalk. This mixing of pigments with chalks is the origin of the word "pastel" in reference to "pale colo... | the highest pigment concentration of all, reflect light without darkening refraction, allowing for very saturated colors. Pastel supports Pastel supports need to provide a "tooth" for the pastel to adhere and hold the pigment in place. Supports include: laid paper (e.g. Ingres, Canson Mi Teintes) abrasive supports (e.g... |
These sites allow prisoners to place pen pal ads online; however, inmates in the United States and most of the world are not permitted to access the Internet. Therefore, the pen pal relationships with inmates are still conducted via postal mail. Other pen pal organizations have survived by embracing the technology of t... | in conjunction with any other pen friend clubs. The computer system and database used for this service were not sold, taken over, or continued in any way. In the Peanuts comic strip from the 1960s and 1970s, Charlie Brown tries to write to a pen pal using a fountain pen, but after several literally "botched" attempts, ... |
in Paris with the eminent composition teacher Nadia Boulanger, from autumn of 1964 to summer of 1966, influenced his work throughout his life, as the composer admitted in 1979: "The composers I studied with Boulanger are the people I still think about most—Bach and Mozart." Glass later stated in his autobiography Music... | passagework to Romantically tinged moods". Some of the pieces also appeared in different versions such as in the theatre music to Robert Wilson's Persephone (1994, commissioned by the Relache Ensemble) or Echorus (a version of Etude No. 2 for two violins and string orchestra, written for Edna Mitchell and Yehudi Menuhi... |
"phenotype" has sometimes been incorrectly used as a shorthand for the phenotypic difference between a mutant and its wild type, which (if not significant) leads to the statement that a "mutation has no phenotype". Another extension adds behavior to the phenotype, since behaviors are observable characteristics. Behavio... | have a higher thermal stability (melting point) than adenine-thymine, a property that might convey, among organisms living in high-temperature environments, a selective advantage on variants enriched in GC content. The extended phenotype Richard Dawkins described a phenotype that included all effects that a gene has on... |
biochemical pump that collects carbon from the organ interior (or from the soil) and not from the atmosphere. In water Cyanobacteria possess carboxysomes, which increase the concentration of around RuBisCO to increase the rate of photosynthesis. An enzyme, carbonic anhydrase, located within the carboxysome releases CO2... | various degrees. Cyanobacteria and the evolution of photosynthesis The biochemical capacity to use water as the source for electrons in photosynthesis evolved once, in a common ancestor of extant cyanobacteria (formerly called blue-green algae), which are the only prokaryotes performing oxygenic photosynthesis. The geo... |
are not allowed to charge for lodging. Guests using the service are encouraged to speak only Esperanto with their hosts. Free lodging via Pasporta Servo is one of the benefits of learning Esperanto. History In 1966, psychologist Rubén Feldman González started the Programo Pasporto, a lodging service for Esperanto speak... | to speak only Esperanto with their hosts. Free lodging via Pasporta Servo is one of the benefits of learning Esperanto. History In 1966, psychologist Rubén Feldman González started the Programo Pasporto, a lodging service for Esperanto speakers, in Argentina. In 1974, the Pasporta Servo directory was first published, l... |
sought refuge in the galleries of the Louvre. The owner of the factory recognized his apprentice's talent and communicated this to Renoir's family. Following this, Renoir started taking lessons to prepare for entry into Ecole des Beaux Arts. When the porcelain factory adopted mechanical reproduction processes in 1858, ... | family. Following this, Renoir started taking lessons to prepare for entry into Ecole des Beaux Arts. When the porcelain factory adopted mechanical reproduction processes in 1858, Renoir was forced to find other means to support his learning. Before he enrolled in art school, he also painted hangings for overseas missi... |
Spanish Succession and in 1704 set on a permanent basis, remaining until the end of the Ancien regime. Like the English poll tax, the French capitation tax was assessed on rank – for taxation persons, French society was divided in twenty-two "classes", with the Dauphin (a class by himself) paying 2,000 livres, princes ... | as a temporary measure to finance the War of the League of Augsburg, and thus repealed in 1699. It was resumed during the War of Spanish Succession and in 1704 set on a permanent basis, remaining until the end of the Ancien regime. Like the English poll tax, the French capitation tax was assessed on rank – for taxation... |
criticism of patriotism itself. Philosophical issues Patriotism may be strengthened by adherence to a national religion (a civil religion or even a theocracy). This is the opposite of the separation of church and state demanded by the Enlightenment thinkers who saw patriotism and faith as similar and opposed forces. Mi... | the nation or other unit in which he has chosen to sink his own individuality. Opposition Voltaire stated that "It is lamentable, that to be a good patriot one must become the enemy of the rest of mankind." Arthur Schopenhauer wrote in his The World as Will and Representation that “The cheapest sort of pride is nationa... |
shortened protein has an altered polypeptide chain with different amino acids at the start and end of the chain. This post-translational modification often alters the proteins function, the protein can be inactivated or activated by the cleavage and can display new biological activities. Addition of chemical groups Fol... | of the start codon, this is the amino acid methionine. The next codon (adjacent to the start codon) is then bound by the correct tRNA with complementary anticodon, delivering the next amino acid to ribosome. The ribosome then uses its peptidyl transferase enzymatic activity to catalyze the formation of the covalent pep... |
is the most common of the six, present in every plant that performs photosynthesis. Each pigment absorbs light more efficiently in a different part of the electromagnetic spectrum. well in the ranges of 400–450 nm and at 650–700 nm; chlorophyll b at 450–500 nm and at 600–650 nm. Xanthophyll absorbs well at 400–530 nm. ... | well at 400–530 nm. However, none of the pigments absorbs well in the green-yellow region; the diffuse reflection of the unabsorbed green light is responsible for the abundant green we see in nature. Bacteria Like plants, the cyanobacteria use water as an electron donor for photosynthesis and therefore liberate oxygen;... |
Psychonaut is considered one of the defining works of the chaos magic movement. Carroll was a co-founder of the loosely organized group called the Illuminates of Thanateros. In 1995, Carroll announced his desire to step down from the "roles of magus and pontiff of chaos". This statement was originally delivered at the ... | image of whatever the magician strives for, and the other is quantum uncertainty, which ultimately determines the acts of the magician and is a spark of the only true creative force, the chaos of chaos magic. Bibliography Liber Null (1978) and Psychonaut (1982) (published in one volume in 1987) Liber Kaos (1992) Psyber... |
describes it as "a gruesome and inhumane procedure that is never medically necessary." According to a BBC report about the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Gonzales v. Carhart, "government lawyers and others who favour the ban, have said there are alternative and more widely used procedures that are still legal - which... | controversy about why this procedure is used. Although prominent defenders of the method asserted during 1995 and 1996 that it was used only or mostly in acute medical circumstances, lobbyist Ron Fitzsimmons, executive director of the National Coalition of Abortion Providers (a trade association of abortion providers),... |
plutocracy is generally used as a pejorative to describe or warn against an undesirable condition. Throughout history, political thinkers and philosophers have condemned plutocrats for ignoring their social responsibilities, using their power to serve their own purposes and thereby increasing poverty and nurturing clas... | was "feasible, easy and widespread", as were other forms of electoral fraud such as ballot-box stuffing and intimidation of the other party's voters. The U.S. instituted progressive taxation in 1913, but according to Shamus Khan, in the 1970s, elites used their increasing political power to lower their taxes, and today... |
Development Program Report, which showed that distribution of global income is very uneven, with the richest 20% of the world's population receiving 82.7% of the world's income. Among nations, the Gini index shows that wealth distributions vary substantially around this norm. The Pareto principle also could be seen as ... | help reduce the testing time and increase the efficiency of the system, but the application of the principle itself will require good analytical and logical skills. Health and social outcomes In health care in the United States, in one instance approximately 20% of patients have been found to use 80% of health care res... |
ò-mú || à-∅-gênda |- | ag-1-farmer || ag-1-fat || ag-1-old || ag. one || he-Pres-go |} Navajo Verbs in the Navajo language are formed from a word stem and multiple affixes. For example, each verb requires one of four non-syllabic prefixes (∅, ł, d, l) to create a verb theme. Sunwar In the Sunwar language of Eastern Nep... | between hyphenation or solid styling for prefixes in English is covered at Hyphen > Prefixes and suffixes. Japanese language Commonly used prefixes in Japanese include and . They are used as part of the honorific system of speech, and are used as markers for politeness, showing respect for the person or thing they are ... |
Rome. The site of his sepulchre was discovered by Giovanni Battista de Rossi in 1854, with some broken remnants of the Greek epitaph engraved on the narrow oblong slab that closed his tomb; only the Greek term for bishop was legible. His ashes had been removed to the Church of Saint Sylvester in the Campus Martius and ... | Fondi. Some scholars believe Anterus was martyred, because he ordered greater strictness in searching into the acts of the martyrs, exactly collected by the notaries appointed by Pope Clement I. Other scholars doubt this and believe it is more likely that he died in undramatic circumstances during the persecutions of E... |
Aramaic as a written language and, with slight modifications, it remained the official, commercial and literary language of the Near East until gradually, beginning with the fall of the Persian Empire (331 BC) and ending in the 4th century AD, it was replaced by Greek, Persian, the eastern and western dialects of Arama... | markedly inferior to those of the 11th and 12th centuries, are by no means without beauty. Accents, punctuation, and division of words In the book-hand of early papyri, neither accents nor breathings were employed. Their use was established by the beginning of the Roman period, but was sporadic in papyri, where they we... |
unless the emission rate exceeds the receiving environment's absorptive capacity (e.g. carbon dioxide, which is absorbed by plants and oceans). Fund pollutants are not destroyed, but rather converted into less harmful substances, or diluted/dispersed to non-harmful concentrations. Light pollutant Light pollution is the... | Pollutants can also be defined by their zones of influence, both horizontally and vertically. Horizontal zone The horizontal zone refers to the area that is damaged by a pollutant. Local pollutants cause damage near the emission source. Regional pollutants cause damage further from the emission source. Vertical zone Th... |
One example is Pepsi's 1954 "Pepsi Day at the Beach" event, where New Orleans children could ride rides at an amusement park in exchange for Pepsi bottle caps. By the end of the event, 125,000 bottle caps been collected. According to The Pepsi Cola World, the New Orleans campaign was a success; once people's supply of ... | Great Depression, Pepsi gained popularity following the introduction in 1934 of a 12-ounce bottle. Prior to that, Pepsi and Coca-Cola sold their drinks in 6.5-ounce servings for about $0.05 a bottle. With a radio advertising campaign featuring the popular jingle "Nickel, Nickel" – first recorded by the Tune Twisters in... |
1833) was a German legal scholar. His major achievement was a reform of the Bavarian penal code which led to the abolition of torture and became a model for several other countries. He is also well-known for his work on Kaspar Hauser. Biography He was born in Hainichen, near Jena. He received his early education at Fra... | enlightened views, was immense. It was at once made the basis for new codes in Württemberg and Saxe-Weimar; it was adopted in its entirety in the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg; and it was translated into Swedish by order of the king. Several of the Swiss cantons reformed their codes in conformity with it. Feuerbach had also... |
be an important aspect of their culture. In many places, especially in villages, pubs are the focal point of local communities. In his 17th-century diary, Samuel Pepys described the pub as "the heart of England". Although the drinks traditionally served include draught beer and cider, most also sell wine, spirits, coff... | Alarmed at the prospect of a return to the Gin Craze, the government attempted to counter the threat, and encourage the consumption of a more wholesome beverage, by introducing the Beerhouse Act of 1830. The Act introduced a new lower, and largely deregulated, tier of premises called "the beerhouse". Under the act any ... |
ovaries, and inside of the pelvis. Often, there may be no symptoms. Signs and symptoms, when present, may include lower abdominal pain, vaginal discharge, fever, burning with urination, pain with sex, bleeding after sex, or irregular menstruation. Untreated PID can result in long-term complications including infertilit... | usually the main cause of PID. Data suggest that PID is often polymicrobial. Isolated anaerobes and facultative microorganisms have been obtained from the upper genital tract. N. gonorrhoeae has been isolated from fallopian tubes, facultative and anaerobic organisms were recovered from endometrial tissues. The anatomic... |
an infection of the upper part of the female reproductive system Primary immune deficiency, disorders in which part of the body's immune system is missing or does not function properly Prolapsed intervertebral disc, commonly called a herniated disc Science, technology and engineering BBC Programme Identifier, a unique ... | OBD-II PIDs (on-board diagnostics parameter IDs), requests for data through an OBD connector in automotive repair Packet Identifier, a field in a MPEG transport stream packet Passive infrared detector, a passive infrared sensor Persistent identifier, a long-lasting reference to a document, file, web page, or other obje... |
"Gravimetric Field Displacement Manifold" (Commander Tucker's tour, "Cold Front"), and describes the device as being powered by a matter/anti-matter reaction which powers the two separate nacelles (one on each side of the ship) to create a displacement field. Enterprise, set in 2151 and onwards, follows the voyages of ... | the VNO "Normal Operation" maximum safe cruising speed for that vessel class. Only five stories in the original Star Trek series involved the Enterprise traveling beyond warp9. In each instance, it was a result of the influence of alien beings or foreign technology. The warp 14.1 incident in That Which Survives was the... |
travel interplanetary distances readily. Unlike the warp engines, impulse engines work on principles used in today's rocketry, throwing mass out the back as fast as possible to drive the ship forward. Practical challenges There are three practical challenges surrounding impulse drive design: acceleration, time dilation... | fusion reactors, impulse engines let ships travel interplanetary distances readily. Unlike the warp engines, impulse engines work on principles used in today's rocketry, throwing mass out the back as fast as possible to drive the ship forward. Practical challenges There are three practical challenges surrounding impuls... |
Directory Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia, a movement disorder Pi Kappa Delta, a forensics honor society Polycystic kidney disease PKD1 and PKD2, human genes | the International Civil Aviation Organization Public Key Directory Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia, a movement disorder Pi |
Kentucky, a city and county seat Princeton, Louisiana, an unincorporated community Princeton, Maine, a town Princeton, Massachusetts, a town Princeton, Minnesota, a city Princeton Township, Mille Lacs County, Minnesota Princeton, Missouri, a city and county seat Princeton, Montana, an unincorporated community Princeton... | Lawrence Township, Mercer County, New Jersey, United States Princeton Regional Schools, New Jersey, United States Princeton Secondary School, Princeton, British Columbia, Canada Places United States Princeton, Alabama, an unincorporated community Princeton, Arkansas, an unincorporated community in Dallas County Princet... |
taken seriously. The nature of punk allowed many to create a non-gender conforming style. Punks could be free to use femininity or masculinity to make what they were doing even more shocking to their audience. It became popular for some punks to accentuate societal norms. At one concert, Donita Sparks, lead singer of t... | electric bassist and a drummer. In some bands, the musicians contribute backup vocals, which typically consist of shouted slogans, choruses or football-style chants. While most punk rock uses the distorted guitars and noisy drumming sounds derived from 1960s garage rock and 1970s pub rock, some punk bands incorporate e... |
that her party is "open" to discussion on the idea of civil partnership or marriages between three people. Bennett's announcement aroused media controversy on the topic and led to major international news outlets covering her answer. A follow-up article written by Barrett was published by PinkNews on May 4, 2015, furth... | members of the group, a closed polyamorous relationship which is usually referred to as polyfidelity. Polyamory has come to be an umbrella term for various forms of non-monogamous, multi-partner relationships, or non-exclusive sexual or romantic relationships. Its usage reflects the choices and philosophies of the indi... |
840 – December 897) was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States for twenty days in December 897. His short reign occurred during a period of partisan strife in the Catholic Church, which was entangled with a period of violence and disorder in central Italy. His main act as pope was to annul the recent Cadaver ... | "beloved of the clergy, a friend of peace, temperate, chaste, affable and a great lover of the poor." He died in office, though the cause of his death is unknown. Because of this, some writers, such as Wendy Reardon, suggest the possibility of foul play. Horace Kinder Mann offers a different suggestion in his papal his... |
were primarily preoccupied by the controversial legacy of his pontificate. Early career Probably a native of Rome, Formosus was born around 816. He became cardinal bishop of Porto in 864. Two years later, Pope Nicholas I appointed him a legate to Bulgaria (866). He also undertook diplomatic missions to France (869 and ... | 878 the sentence of excommunication was withdrawn after he promised never to return to Rome or exercise his priestly functions. In 867, while Formosus was serving as legate to the Bulgarian court, Boris I requested that he be named archbishop of Bulgaria. Since the canons forbade a bishop to change sees, the request wa... |
The amino acids may then be reused for protein synthesis. Lysosome and proteasome The intracellular degradation of protein may be achieved in two ways - proteolysis in lysosome, or a ubiquitin-dependent process that targets unwanted proteins to proteasome. The autophagy-lysosomal pathway is normally a non-selective pro... | duodenum. The trypsin, once activated, can also cleave other trypsinogens as well as the precursors of other proteases such as chymotrypsin and carboxypeptidase to activate them. In bacteria, a similar strategy of employing an inactive zymogen or prezymogen is used. Subtilisin, which is produced by Bacillus subtilis, i... |
an increased intracellular concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP). Clinically, the insidious increase in the number and size of renal cysts translates as a progressive increment in kidney volume. Studies led by Mayo Clinic professionals established that the total kidney volume (TKV) in a large cohort of ADPKD patients was ... | partial reversal of renal cystic disease in a rat model. The metabolic state of ketosis may be beneficial in ADPKD because renal cyst cells in ADPKD have a metabolic defect similar to the Warburg effect in cancer that makes them highly dependent on glucose, and unable to metabolize fatty acids and ketones. Consistent w... |
as the hotel and actually ran through the hotel's basement, cutting it in half, thus making the construction of both into something of a technical challenge, but unlike the Wertheim department store (and contrary to several sources), the hotel did not enjoy a separate entrance directly from the station. The Weinhaus Hu... | in that vein: no further redevelopment in the immediate vicinity of Potsdamer Platz occurred prior to World War II, and so Columbushaus would always seem out of place in that location. Nevertheless, its exact position showed that the platz was starting to be opened out: the former hotel had mostly stood on a large flag... |
of the pointing device are echoed on the screen by movements of the pointer (or cursor) and other visual changes. Common gestures are point and click and drag and drop. While the most common pointing device by far is the mouse, many more devices have been developed. However, the term mouse is commonly used as a metapho... | the keyboard and have buttons with the same functionality as mouse buttons. There are also wireless trackballs which offer a wider range of ergonomic positions to the user. Joystick Isotonic joysticks are handle sticks where the user can freely change the position of the stick, with more or less constant force. Isometr... |
Victorian house for sale at 8 Hayman's Green in 1957 and told Mona about it. The Best family claim that Mona then pawned all her jewellery to place a bet on Never Say Die, a horse that was ridden by Lester Piggott in the 1954 Epsom Derby; it won at 33–1 and she used her winnings to buy the house in 1957. The house had ... | resign from the Beatles. Best strongly advised him to remain with the group. Aspinall's relationship with Mona Best (and their three-week-old baby, Roag) was ended. At the next concert Aspinall asked Lennon why they had fired Best, to which he replied "It's got nothing to do with you, you're only the driver." Starr had... |
Australian Football League (AFL), where they are nicknamed the Power, whilst its reserves team competes in the South Australian National Football League (SANFL), where they are nicknamed the Magpies. Since its founding, the club has won an unequalled 36 SANFL premierships and 4 Championship of Australia titles, in addi... | the transition to the AFL, with Stephen Williams, a son of Fos Williams, taking over the SANFL coaching position from midway through the 1996 season. Cahill then set about forming a group which would form the inaugural squad. Brownlow Medallist and 1990 Port Adelaide premiership player, Gavin Wanganeen, was signed from... |
19S regulatory particle has been elucidated to considerable extent. The 19S regulatory particle assembles as two distinct subcomponents, the base and the lid. Assembly of the base complex is facilitated by four assembly chaperones, Hsm3/S5b, Nas2/p27, Rpn14/PAAF1, and Nas6/gankyrin (names for yeast/mammals). These asse... | proteasomal degradation; this results in the release of partially degraded byproducts, possibly due to the decoupling of the ATP hydrolysis and unfolding steps. Such glycine-alanine repeats are also found in nature, for example in silk fibroin; in particular, certain Epstein–Barr virus gene products bearing this sequen... |
Kingdom in the first century BC, records (XV.3.15) that these "fire kindlers" possessed many "holy places of the Persian Gods", as well as fire temples. Strabo, who wrote during the time of Augustus (r. 63 BC-14 AD), almost three hundred years after the fall of the Achaemenid Persian Empire, records only traces of Pers... | former king of Iran Reza Shah of the Pahlavi dynasty issued a decree asking the international community to use the term Iran, the native name of the country, in formal correspondence. However, the term Persian is still historically used to designate the predominant population of the Iranian peoples living in the Irania... |
(1826–1911) Mieczysław Kościelniak (1912–1993) Wilhelm Kotarbiński (1848–1921) Apolinary Kotowicz (1859–1917) Aleksander Kotsis (1836–1877) Alfred Kowalski (1849–1915) Andrzej Kowalski (1930–2004) Felicjan Kowarski (1890–1948) Antoni Kozakiewicz (1841–1929) Andrzej Krajewski (born 1933) Nikifor Krynicki (1895–1968) Hil... | Gargulinska (born 1941) Maria Gażycz (1860–1935) Ignacy Gepner (1802–1867) Wojciech Gerson (1831–1901) Adam Gerżabek (1898–1965) Stefan Gierowski (born 1925) Aleksander Gierymski (1850–1901) Maksymilian Gierymski (1846–1874) Adrian Głębocki (1833–1905) Krzysztof Gliszczyński (born 1962) Izabella Godlewska (1931–2018) C... |
languages "Procedural law" in contrast to "substantive law" is a concept available in various legal systems and languages. Similar to the English expressions are the Spanish words derecho adjetivo and derecho material or derecho sustantivo, as well as the Portuguese terms for them, direito adjetivo and direito substant... | cases, because criminal defendants stand to lose their freedom, and should therefore be accorded the first opportunity to have their case heard. European history and concepts "Procedural law" and "substantive law" in various languages "Procedural law" in contrast to "substantive law" is a concept available in various l... |
is common (although more may be used), and in the final stanza, lines one and three from the first stanza can be repeated, or new lines can be written. The pantoum form is as follows: Stanza 1 A B C D Stanza 2 B E D F Stanza 3 E G F H Stanza 4 G I (or A or C) H J (or A or C) Verse forms The pantoum is derived from the ... | began to make their own attempts at composing original "pantoums". Leconte de Lisle published five pantoums in his Poèmes tragiques (1884). There is also the imperfect pantoum, in which the final stanza differs from the form stated above, and the second and fourth lines may be different from any preceding lines. Baudel... |
996. Early life Gerbert was born about 946 in the town of Belliac, near the present-day commune of Saint-Simon, Cantal, France. Around 963, he entered the Monastery of St. Gerald of Aurillac. In 967, Count Borrell II of Barcelona (947–992) visited the monastery, and the abbot asked the count to take Gerbert with him so... | his pupils, as well as their respective distances. Richer wrote about another of Gerbert's last armillary spheres, which had sighting tubes fixed on the axis of the hollow sphere that could observe the constellations, the forms of which he hung on iron and copper wires. This armillary sphere was also described by Gerbe... |
is also called the "paste" or the "fabric", which consists of 2 things, the "clay matrix" – composed of grains of less than 0.02 mm grains which can be seen using the high-powered microscopes or a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and the "clay inclusions" – which are larger grains of clay and could be seen with the ... | added in small quantities to short clay to increase the plasticity. Production of pottery Production of pottery includes following 3 stages: making clay body, i.e. paste or putty. shaping and moulding firing or baking decorating, such as glazing (slipping), painting, etc. Shaping methods Pottery can be shaped by a rang... |
telescopic legs and built-in paint box and palette made it easier to go into the forest and up the hillsides. Still made today, they remain a popular choice (even for home use) since they fold up to the size of a brief case and thus are easy to store. The Pochade Box is a compact box that allows the artist to keep all ... | artists' colonies across France such as the one at Étaples on the Côte d'Opal that included landscape impressionists Eugène Chigot and Henri Le Sidaner. The later artist specialised in translating nocturne light to canvas using oil and pastel. The Macchiaioli were a group of Italian painters active in Tuscany in the se... |
obligations instituted by treaties be honored and to rely on such obligations being honored. This basis of good faith for treaties implies that a party to a treaty cannot invoke provisions of its municipal (domestic) law as justification for negligence of its obligations pursuant to the treaty in question. The only lim... | principle of law. According to Hans Wehberg, a professor of international law, "few rules for the ordering of Society have such a deep moral and religious influence" as this principle. In its most common sense, the principle refers to private contracts and prescribes that the provisions, i.e. clauses, of a contract are... |
Paul Laurence Dunbar was born at 311 Howard Street in Dayton, Ohio, on June 27, 1872, to parents who were enslaved in Kentucky before the American Civil War. After being emancipated, his mother Matilda moved to Dayton with other family members, including her two sons Robert and William from her first marriage. Dunbar's... | that. The new literary fame enabled Dunbar to publish his first two books as a collected volume, titled Lyrics of Lowly Life, which included an introduction by Howells. Dunbar maintained a lifelong friendship with the Wright brothers. Through his poetry, he met and became associated with black leaders Frederick Douglas... |
would exist between "progressive" pop and "mass/chart" pop, a separation which was "also, broadly, one between boys and girls, middle-class and working-class." The latter half of the 20th-century included a large-scale trend in American culture in which the boundaries between art and pop music were increasingly blurred... | of the music that appears on record charts is seen as pop music, the genre is distinguished from chart music. Identifying factors usually include repeated choruses and hooks, short to medium-length songs written in a basic format (often the verse-chorus structure), and rhythms or tempos that can be easily danced to. Mu... |
and two upcoming releases, a CD entitled Dynamics In Meditation by The Gianmarco Scaglia & Paul Wertico Quartet, and a double-CD entitled Live Under Italian Skies by The Paul Wertico/John Helliwell Project, will be released in 2020. Critical reception Wertico's debut CD as a leader, The Yin and the Yout, received a fou... | Paul Wertico entitled Feast for the Senses; a CD by Paul Wertico & Frank Catalano entitled Topics of Conversation; a CD by Fabrizio Mocata, Gianmarco Scaglia & Paul Wertico entitled Free the Opera!; a DVD & CD by Wertico Cain & Gray entitled Sound Portraits (winner of Best Live Performance Album in the 13th Annual Inde... |
produced, known as Type 2 (or T2). Production of the Speedster peaked at 1,171 cars in 1957 and then started to decline. The four-cam "Carrera" engine, initially available only in the spyder race cars, became an available option starting with the 356 A. Within the last 25 years, replicas of the 356 A have become very p... | run (T5) was essentially a cabriolet body with the optional steel cabriolet hardtop welded in place. The 1962 line (T6 production) was a very different design in that the new T6 notchback coupé body did not start life as a cabriolet, but with its own production design. In essence, it had the cabriolet rear end design, ... |
C – cleaves before the phosphate, releasing diacylglycerol and a phosphate-containing head group. PLCs play a central role in signal transduction, releasing the second messenger inositol triphosphate. Phospholipase D – cleaves after the phosphate, releasing phosphatidic acid and an alcohol. Types C and D are considered... | Endothelial lipase is primarily a phospholipase. Phospholipase A2 acts on the intact lecithin molecule and hydrolyzes the fatty acid esterified to the second carbon atom. The resulting products are lysolecithin and a fatty acid. Phospholipase A2 is an enzyme present in the venom of bees, blennies and viper snakes. See ... |
time with 2.22, also led in WHIP for the fifth time at 1.04, and finished second to league leader Esteban Loaiza by a single strikeout. Martínez came in third for the 2003 Cy Young Award, which went to Toronto's Roy Halladay. Martínez went 16–9 in 2004, despite an uncharacteristic 3.90 ERA, as the Red Sox won the Ameri... | McDowell also reached 13 in a year). However, this 1997 total is by far the highest in Martínez's career, as he only completed more than 5 games in one other season (7, in 2000). Martínez was the first right-handed pitcher to reach 300 strikeouts with an ERA under 2.00 since Walter Johnson in 1912. Boston Red Sox 1998–... |
in the 760s, does not appear to have recovered its political independence from the Picts. A later Pictish king, Caustantín mac Fergusa (793–820), placed his son Domnall on the throne of Dál Riata (811–835). Pictish attempts to achieve a similar dominance over the Britons of Alt Clut (Dumbarton) were not successful. The... | and Ireland, no less in Scotland than elsewhere, with the Vikings conquering and settling the islands and various mainland areas, including Caithness, Sutherland and Galloway. In the middle of the 9th century Ketil Flatnose is said to have founded the Kingdom of the Isles, governing many of these territories, and by th... |
The order of a group (of any type) is the number of elements (cardinality) in the group. By Lagrange's theorem, the order of any finite permutation group of degree n must divide n! since n-factorial is the order of the symmetric group Sn. Notation Since permutations are bijections of a set, they can be represented by C... | of the set then, For instance, a particular permutation of the set {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} can be written as this means that σ satisfies σ(1) = 2, σ(2) = 5, σ(3) = 4, σ(4) = 3, and σ(5) = 1. The elements of M need not appear in any special order in the first row, so the same permutation could also be written as Permutations ar... |
on both serine and threonine, others act on tyrosine, and a number (dual-specificity kinases) act on all three. There are also protein kinases that phosphorylate other amino acids, including histidine kinases that phosphorylate histidine residues. Structure Eukaryotic protein kinases are enzymes that belong to a very e... | Protein kinase domain is responsible for the (highly conserved) kinase activity, as well as several regulatory functions. Regulation Ligand binding causes two reactions: Dimerization of two monomeric receptor kinases or stabilization of a loose dimer. Many ligands of receptor tyrosine kinases are multivalent. Some tyro... |
the capital city of the Province of Pisa. Although Pisa is known worldwide for its leaning tower (the bell tower of the city's cathedral), the city of over 91,104 residents (around 200,000 with the metropolitan area) contains more than 20 other historic churches, several medieval palaces, and various bridges across the... | from taxation, but had to contribute to the defence in case of attack. In the 12th century, the Pisan quarter in the eastern part of Constantinople had grown to 1,000 people. For some years of that century, Pisa was the most prominent commercial and military ally of the Byzantine Empire, overcoming Venice itself. 12th ... |
company. IBM paused the sale of PCs containing Intel CPUs, and Intel's stock price decreased significantly. The motive behind IBM's decision was questioned by some in the industry; IBM produced the PowerPC CPUs at the time, and potentially stood to benefit from any reputational damage to the Pentium or Intel as a compa... | on the Pentium chip over the 486DX, Intel opted to replace the shift-and-subtract division algorithm with the Sweeney, Robertson, and Tocher (SRT) algorithm. The SRT algorithm can generate two bits of the division result per clock cycle, whereas the 486's algorithm could only generate one. It is implemented using a pro... |
many instruments that have some claim to being percussion, but are classified otherwise: Keyboard instruments such as the celesta and piano. Stringed instruments played with beaters such as the hammered dulcimer. Unpitched whistles and similar instruments, such as the pea whistle and Acme siren. Percussion instruments ... | sirens, or a blown conch shell. Percussive techniques can even be applied to the human body itself, as in body percussion. On the other hand, keyboard instruments, such as the celesta, are not normally part of the percussion section, but keyboard percussion instruments such as the glockenspiel and xylophone (which do n... |
get warned at all. So sticking your head in a crocodile you were told about is not calculated to get my sympathy. James "Spike" Thomson (Dexter Fletcher) is an American delinquent, forced to work on the paper rather than being excluded from school. He is immediately attracted to Lynda, and he establishes himself as an ... | a children's television programme called The Norbridge Files. He showed it to a producer who visited his school, Thorn Primary School in Johnstone, Renfrewshire, when it was used as the location for an episode of Harry Secombe's Highway. Producer Sandra C. Hastie liked the idea and showed it to her future husband Bill ... |
Pars (Sasanian province) Greater Iran Persia, Iowa, a U.S. city Persia, New York, a U.S. town Persia, Tennessee, a U.S. unincorporated community Other uses Persia (name), a Greek and Latin name for Iran Persia gens, an ancient Roman family Persia (trilobite) Persia (EP), a 1984 EP by The Church RMS Persia, a steamship ... | The Safavid dynasty (1501–1736) The Qajar dynasty (1785–1925) The Pahlavi dynasty (1925-1979) Persia proper, a region located to the southwest of modern Iran (now Fars Province) Pars (Sasanian province) Greater Iran Persia, Iowa, a U.S. city Persia, New York, a U.S. town Persia, Tennessee, a U.S. unincorporated communi... |
a time at Perugia and Padua. His teacher Giovanni da Legnano sponsored him at Rome, where Pope Urban VI (1378–89) took him into the Curia, sent him for ten years as papal collector to England, made him Bishop of Bologna in 1386 at a time of strife in that city, and Archbishop of Ravenna in 1387. Pope Boniface IX made h... | and took the name of Innocent VII. There was a general riot by the Ghibelline party in Rome when news of his election got out, but peace was maintained by the aid of King Ladislaus of Naples, who hastened to Rome with a band of soldiers to assist the Pope in suppressing the insurrection. For his services the king extor... |
explicit authority to prosecute witchcraft in Germany, after he was refused assistance by the local ecclesiastical authorities, who disputed his authority to work in their dioceses. Some scholars view the bull as "clearly political", motivated by jurisdictional disputes between the local German Catholic priests and cle... | secure him more votes to become pope if he was promised a residence, though Barbo refused in fear it would make the conclave invalid due to simony. Cardinal della Rovere then met with Borgia, who disliked Barbo and wished to block his election, with an offer to turn their votes over to Cibò, promising them benefits for... |
of Domodossola in 1547. He travelled to Rome and he became the secretary to Cardinal Nicolò Ardinghelli before entering the service of Cardinal Alessandro Farnese, brother of the Duke of Parma and grandson of Pope Paul III (1534–1549), one of the great patrons of the time. The cardinal, who was the Archbishop of Avigno... | representative and subsequently recalled him to the management of his affairs at Parma, where he was acting governor of the city, from 1556 to 1558. He was also made the Referendary of the Apostolic Signatura in 1559 and held that post for a year. Episcopate and cardinalate In 1560, Facchinetti was named as the Bishop ... |
Pope Innocent IX, Pamphili was trained as a lawyer and graduated from the Collegio Romano. He followed a conventional cursus honorum, following his uncle Girolamo Pamphili as auditor of the Rota, and like him, attaining the position of cardinal-priest of Sant'Eusebio, in 1629. Before becoming pope, Pamphili served as a... | with Parma The death of Pope Urban VIII is said to have been hastened by his chagrin at the result of the First War of Castro, a war he had undertaken against Odoardo Farnese, the duke of Parma. Hostilities between the papacy and the Duchy of Parma resumed in 1649, and forces loyal to Pope Innocent X destroyed the city... |
bundle known as property rights, and which bundles are preferred to which others, is simply a matter of policy. Therefore, a government can prevent the building of a factory on a piece of land, through zoning law or criminal law, without damaging the concept of property. The "bundle of rights" view was prominent in aca... | to exclusion, use and transfer. An alternative view of property, favored by legal realists, is that property simply denotes a bundle of rights defined by law and social policy. Which rights are included in the bundle known as property rights, and which bundles are preferred to which others, is simply a matter of policy... |
States Supreme Court case, Johnson v. Zerbst, "knowingly, voluntarily and intelligently". The burden is on the prosecution to prove that all waivers of the defendant's rights complied with due process standards. Accordingly, in cases of all but the most minor offences, the court or the prosecution (depending upon local... | Until 1772, English law stated that if a defendant refused to plead guilty or not guilty, the trial was delayed from taking place. Some of these defendants were subjected to peine forte et dure (torture by pressing) until he or she entered a plea, although some died. The last recorded instance of this was in 1741. This... |
but the French government rejected him (using the now-abolished veto). After Pope Clement X (1670–76) died, Louis XIV of France (1643–1715) again intended to use his royal influence against Odescalchi's election. Instead, believing that the cardinals as well as the Roman people were of one mind in their desire to have ... | Novara in favor of his brother Giulio and moved to Rome. While there he took a prominent part in the consultations of the various congregations of which he was a member. He participated in the 1669–70 conclave. Papacy Election Odescalchi was a strong papal candidate after the death of Pope Clement IX (1667–69) in 1669,... |
If a line drawing is traced by the first point, an identical, enlarged, or miniaturized copy will be drawn by a pen fixed to the other. Using the same principle, different kinds of pantographs are used for other forms of duplication in areas such as sculpture, minting, engraving, and milling. Because of the shape of th... | described pantographs in his work Mechanics. In 1603, Christoph Scheiner used a pantograph to copy and scale diagrams, and wrote about the invention over 27 years later, in "Pantographice" (Rome 1631). One arm of the pantograph contained a small pointer, while the other held a drawing implement, and by moving the point... |
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