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predication if some facts expressed by ordinary sentences hold. In his work On Interpretation, he maintained that the concept of "universal" is apt to be predicated of many and that singular is not. For instance, man is a universal while Callias is a singular. The philosopher distinguished highest genera like animal an... | believe universals are real. Conversely, if the mental abstractions were not a true understanding, then 'what is understood otherwise than the thing is false'. His solution to this problem was to state that the mind is able to separate in thought what is not necessarily separable in reality. He cites the human mind's a... |
crude oil across Alaska from the Prudhoe Bay oil fields In arts and entertainment Games Pipeline (game), a 1988 computer game for the BBC Micro and Acorn Electron Pipeline (board game), winner of Games Magazine's 1992 Game of the Year award Literature Pipeline (comics), a character from Marvel Comics with the ability t... | for optimizing digital circuit Telestream pipeline, a video capture and playout hardware device Physical infrastructure Pipeline transport, a conduit made from pipes connected end-to-end for long-distance fluid or gas transport Plastic pipework, for fluid handling Milking pipeline, used on a dairy farm to transport flu... |
judicial confidence. Many defendants in serious and complex fraud cases are represented by solicitors experienced in commercial litigation, including negotiation. This means that the defendant is usually protected from being put under improper pressure to plead. The main danger to be guarded against in these cases is t... | withdrawing the remaining or more serious charges. In New South Wales, a 10-25% discount on the sentence is customarily given in exchange for an early guilty plea, but this concession is expected to be granted by the judge as a way of recognizing the utilitarian value of an early guilty plea to the justice system - it ... |
constraints as the other idols of the consumer music industry – they last a little while and then disappear. Meanwhile, they are useful in neutralizing the innate spirit of rebellion of young people. The term 'protest song' is no longer valid because it is ambiguous and has been misused. I prefer the term 'revolutionar... | in a Lahore stadium wearing a black sari. The recording was smuggled out and distributed on bootleg cassette tapes across the country. Cries of "Inquilab Zindabad" ("Long Live Revolution") and thunderous applause from the audience can be heard on the . Faiz was in prison at the time. The song has since the fall of the ... |
currently residing in Atlanta. He was a member of the hip hop group Public Enemy, serving as the group's Minister of Information. During his time with Public Enemy, he was an adherent of the ideas espoused by Nation of Islam leader Louis Farrakhan, which informed both Griffin's and Public Enemy's ideological views. Hav... | Public Enemy's ideological views. Having served in the U.S. Army and cultivating an interest in martial arts, he trained the S1W security team that toured with Public Enemy dressed in military uniforms, doing choreographed military step drills on stage. Controversy and departure from Public Enemy Before the release of ... |
this response to the blockers problem on the basis that since the non-physical properties of w1 aren't instantiated at a world in which there is a blocker, they are not positive properties in Chalmers' (1996) sense, and so statement 3 will count w1 as a world at which physicalism is true after all. A further problem fo... | biological properties supervene on physical properties, it follows that two hypothetical worlds cannot be identical in their physical properties but differ in their mental, social or biological properties. Two common approaches to defining "physicalism" are the theory-based and object-based approaches. The theory-based... |
between the parties Parallel computing, the simultaneous execution on multiple processors of different parts of a program In the analysis of parallel algorithms, the maximum possible speedup of a computation Parallel evolution, the independent emergence of a similar trait | parts of a program In the analysis of parallel algorithms, the maximum possible speedup of a computation Parallel evolution, the independent emergence of a similar trait in different unrelated species Parallel (geometry), the property of parallel |
in adding colour. The resulting single image that subjects report as their experience is called a 'percept'. Studies involving rapidly changing scenes show the percept derives from numerous processes that involve time delays. Recent fMRI studies show that dreams, imaginings and perceptions of things such as faces are a... | a set of data transfers but also declared that there is still a direct connection between perception and the world. This idea, called direct realism, has again become popular in recent years with the rise of postmodernism. The succession of data transfers involved in perception suggests that sense data are somehow avai... |
Cicero is Roman, it is unclear what semantic content the proper name Cicero provides to the proposition. One may intuitively assume that the name refers to a person who may or may not be Roman, and that the truth value depends on whether or not that is the case. But from the point of view of a theory of meaning the que... | suggests that there is something more to the meaning of the proper name than simply pointing out its referent. Theories Many theories have been proposed about proper names, each attempting to solve the problems of reference and identity inherent in the concept. Millian theory John Stuart Mill distinguished between conn... |
called the query. Logically, the Prolog engine tries to find a resolution refutation of the negated query. The resolution method used by Prolog is called SLD resolution. If the negated query can be refuted, it follows that the query, with the appropriate variable bindings in place, is a logical consequence of the progr... | Goal. solve(Head, Certainty) :- clause_cf(Head, Body, Certainty1), solve(Body, Certainty2), Certainty is Certainty1 * Certainty2. This interpreter uses a table of built-in Prolog predicates of the form builtin(A is B). builtin(read(X)). % etc. and clauses represented as clause_cf(Head, Body, Certainty). Given those, it... |
of Zimmermann for violations of U.S. export restrictions as a result of the international spread of PGP's use. After the government dropped its case without indictment in early 1996, Zimmermann founded PGP Inc. and released an updated version of PGP and some additional related products. That company was acquired by Net... | Silent Circle, teamed up with Lavabit founder Ladar Levison to create the Dark Mail Alliance. The goal of the organization is to work on a new protocol to replace PGP that will encrypt email metadata, among other things that PGP is not capable of. Okuna Zimmermann is also involved in the social network Okuna, formerly ... |
political research Eysenck's political views related to his research: Eysenck was an outspoken opponent of what he perceived as the authoritarian abuses of the left and right and accordingly he believed that with this T axis he had found the link between nazism and communism. According to Eysenck, members of both ideol... | syncretic politics, although the label tends to mischaracterize positions that have a logical location on a two-axis spectrum because they seem randomly brought together on a one-axis left–right spectrum. Political scientists have frequently noted that a single left–right axis is too simplistic and insufficient for des... |
fetus, the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm, develop. The narrow line of cells begin to form the endoderm and mesoderm. The ectoderm begins to grow rapidly as a result of chemicals being produced by the mesoderm. These three layers give rise to all the various types of tissue in the body. The endoderm later forms the l... | skin, nails, hair, cornea, lining of the internal and external ear, nose, sinuses, mouth, anus, teeth, pituitary gland, mammary glands, eyes, and all parts of the nervous system. Approximately 18 days after fertilization, the embryo has divided to form much of the tissue it will need. It is shaped like a pear, where th... |
(PNH). It has also been noted as a symptom of gratification disorder in children. The word paroxysm means "sudden attack, outburst", and comes from the Greek παροξυσμός (paroxusmos), "irritation, exasperation". Paroxysmal attacks in various disorders have been reported extensively and ephaptic coupling of demyelinated ... | spinal cord neurons. Exercise, tactile stimuli, hot water, anxiety and neck flexion may provoke paroxysmal attacks. Most reported paroxysmal attacks are painful tonic spasms, dysarthria and ataxia, numbness and hemiparesis. They are typically different from other transient symptoms by their brevity (lasting no more tha... |
cut to include at least one or two eyes, or cuttings, a practice used in greenhouses for the production of healthy seed tubers. Plants propagated from tubers are clones of the parent, whereas those propagated from seed produce a range of different varieties. Genetics There are about 5,000 potato varieties worldwide. Th... | although this tendency has been minimized in commercial varieties. After flowering, potato plants produce small green fruits that resemble green cherry tomatoes, each containing about 300 seeds. Like all parts of the plant except the tubers, the fruit contain the toxic alkaloid solanine and are therefore unsuitable for... |
the league, a streak that has now reached 70+ matches. The Timbers season ticket waiting list has reached 10,000+, the longest waiting list in MLS. In 2015, they became the first team in the Northwest to win the MLS Cup. Player Diego Valeri marked a new record for fastest goal in MLS Cup history at 27 seconds into the ... | banned African American settlement in 1849. In the 19th century, certain laws allowed the immigration of Chinese laborers but prohibited them from owning property or bringing their families. The early 1920s saw the rapid growth of the Ku Klux Klan, which became very influential in Oregon politics, culminating in the el... |
known as fullscreen. However, it also has several drawbacks. Some visual information is necessarily cropped out. It can also change a shot in which the camera was originally stationary to one in which it is frequently panning, or change a single continuous shot into one with frequent cuts. In a shot which was originall... | or DVD are often known as fullscreen. However, it also has several drawbacks. Some visual information is necessarily cropped out. It can also change a shot in which the camera was originally stationary to one in which it is frequently panning, or change a single continuous shot into one with frequent cuts. In a shot wh... |
sustainability. It monitors the effects of ocean acidity on corals and shellfish and reports the results to the UK government. It also cultivates algae that could be used to make biofuels or in the treatment of wastewater by using technology such as photo-bioreactors. It works alongside the Boots Group to investigate t... | which calls for revivification of the city centre with mixed-use and residential. In suburban areas, post-War prefabs had already begun to appear by 1946, and over 1,000 permanent council houses were built each year from 1951 to 1957 according to the Modernist zoned low-density garden city model advocated by Abercrombi... |
such as a checksum to detect transmission errors. PPP on serial links is usually encapsulated in a framing similar to HDLC, described by IETF RFC 1662. The Flag field is present when PPP with HDLC-like framing is used. The Address and Control fields always have the value hex FF (for "all stations") and hex 03 (for "unn... | zero. Magic numbers are generated randomly at each end of the connection. Multilink - Provides load balancing several interfaces used by PPP through Multilink PPP (see below). PPP frame Structure PPP frames are variants of HDLC frames: If both peers agree to Address field and Control field compression during LCP, then ... |
suitable (old enough) for the expedition." Heironimus stated that Chico (a middle-aged gelding) "wouldn't jump or buck ..." Immediate aftermath At approximately 6:30p.m., Patterson and Gimlin met up with Al Hodgson at his variety store in Willow Creek, approximately south by road, about by Bluff Creek Road from their c... | least on Patterson's part. After shipping the film, they headed back toward their camp, where they had left their horses. On their way they "stopped at the Lower Trinity Ranger Station, as planned, arriving about 9:00p.m. Here they met with Syl McCoy [another friend] and Al Hodgson." At this point Patterson called the ... |
a news programme into a cohesive show Theatrical producer, oversees the staging of theatre productions Video game producer, in charge of overseeing development of a video game Online producer, oversees the making of content for websites Primary producer, an organism which produces energy to then be carried through the ... | budget and usually does not work on set Line producer, manager during daily operations Impresario, a producer or manager in the theatre and music industries Radio producer, oversees the making of a radio show Record producer, manages sound recording Television producer, oversees all aspects of video production on a tel... |
(born 1984) Jan Lechoń (1899–1956) Krystyna Lenkowska (born 1957) Bolesław Leśmian (1877–1937) Jerzy Liebert (1904–1931) Ewa Lipska (born 1945) Stanisław Herakliusz Lubomirski (1641–1702) Ł Henryka Łazowertówna (1909–1942) Józef Łobodowski (1909–1988) M Antoni Malczewski (1793–1826) Marcin Malek (born 1975) Jakobe Mans... | one of the best known and the most translated post-war Polish writers I Maria Ilnicka (1825 or 1827–1897) Wacław Iwaniuk (1912–2001) Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz (1894–1980) J Klemens Janicki (1516–1543) Bruno Jasieński (1901–1938) Mieczysław Jastrun (1903–1983) K Anna Kamieńska (1920–1986) Franciszek Karpiński (1741–1825) Ja... |
Morisot's daughter, Julie Manet, married the painter . Valéry and Gobillard had three children: Claude, Agathe and François. Valéry served as a juror with Florence Meyer Blumenthal in awarding the Prix Blumenthal, a grant given between 1919 and 1954 to young French painters, sculptors, decorators, engravers, writers, a... | affairs or as an attempt to comprehend the horrific violence in Europe at the time of the poem's composition. The poem is not about World War I, but it does try to address the relationships between destruction and beauty, and, in this sense, it resonates with ancient Greek meditations on these matters, especially in th... |
the organ. Pianists past and present Modern classical pianists dedicate their careers to performing, recording, teaching, researching, and learning new works to expand their repertoire. They generally do not write or transcribe music as pianists did in the 19th century. Some classical pianists might specialize in accom... | part of their work. Well known jazz pianists include Bill Evans, Art Tatum, Duke Ellington, Thelonious Monk, Oscar Peterson and Bud Powell. Pop and rock Popular pianists might work as live performers (concert, theatre, etc.), session musicians, arrangers most likely feel at home with synthesizers and other electronic k... |
day keeps the doctor away If the shoe fits, wear it! On the Internet, nobody knows you're a dog Slow and steady wins the race Don't count your chickens before they hatch Practice makes perfect. Don't put all your eggs in one basket Your mileage may vary All that glitters is not gold You can't have your cake and eat it ... | is clearly new, but still formed as a traditional style couplet with rhyme. Also, there is a proverb in the Kafa language of Ethiopia that refers to the forced military conscription of the 1980s, "...the one who hid himself lived to have children." A Mongolian proverb also shows evidence of recent origin, "A beggar who... |
International portability of social security benefits is therefore understood as the migrant's ability to preserve, maintain, and transfer acquired social security rights independent of nationality and country of residence. International portability of social security benefits is achieved through bilateral or multilate... | not experience any disadvantage such as the loss of contributions and benefits associated with these contributions when moving from one job to another, from one occupation to another, or from the public to the private sector or vice versa. International portability of social security rights allows international migrant... |
appear quite different externally. Order Percopsiformes Berg 1937 Genus †Lateopisciculus Murray & Wilson1996 Genus †Percopsiformorum [Otolith] Suborder Percopsoidei Berg 1937 Family †Libotoniidae Wilson & Williams 1992 Genus †Libotonius Wilson 1977 Family Percopsidae Regan 1911 [Percopsides Agassiz 1850; Erismatopterid... | North America. They are grouped together because of technical characteristics of their internal anatomy, and the different species may appear quite different externally. Order Percopsiformes Berg 1937 Genus †Lateopisciculus Murray & Wilson1996 Genus †Percopsiformorum [Otolith] Suborder Percopsoidei Berg 1937 Family †Li... |
a means for very-high-precision tests of Coulomb's law. A null result of such an experiment has set a limit of . Sharper upper limits on the mass of light have been obtained in experiments designed to detect effects caused by the galactic vector potential. Although the galactic vector potential is very large because th... | results. Even after Compton's experiment, Niels Bohr, Hendrik Kramers and John Slater made one last attempt to preserve the Maxwellian continuous electromagnetic field model of light, the so-called BKS theory. An important feature of the BKS theory is how it treated the conservation of energy and the conservation of mo... |
to the Empress in 1882. She died at court in 1903. Studies of Japanese fauna and flora His main interest, however, focused on the study of Japanese fauna and flora. He collected as much material as he could. Starting a small botanical garden behind his home (there was not much room on the small island) Siebold amassed ... | could describe only about 2,300 species. The whole collection was purchased for a handsome amount by the Dutch government. Siebold was also granted a substantial annual allowance by the Dutch King William II and was appointed Advisor to the King for Japanese Affairs. In 1842, the King even raised Siebold to the nobilit... |
and the uneasy interface between mathematical concepts and ordinary language as it is used by non-mathematicians. Probability theory is an established field of study in mathematics. It has its origins in correspondence discussing the mathematics of games of chance between Blaise Pascal and Pierre de Fermat in the seven... | On most accounts, evidential probabilities are considered to be degrees of belief, defined in terms of dispositions to gamble at certain odds. The four main evidential interpretations are the classical (e.g. Laplace's) interpretation, the subjective interpretation (de Finetti and Savage), the epistemic or inductive int... |
insightful procedure that illustrates the power of the third axiom, and its interaction with the remaining two axioms. Four of the immediate corollaries and their proofs are shown below: Monotonicity If A is a subset of, or equal to B, then the probability of A is less than, or equal to the probability of B. Proof of m... | of the proof of monotonicity that . The complement rule Proof of the complement rule Given and are mutually exclusive and that : ... (by axiom 3) and, ... (by axiom 2) The numeric bound It immediately follows from the monotonicity property that Proof of the numeric bound Given the complement rule and axiom 1 : Further ... |
theory is essential to many human activities that involve quantitative analysis of data. Methods of probability theory also apply to descriptions of complex systems given only partial knowledge of their state, as in statistical mechanics or sequential estimation. A great discovery of twentieth-century physics was the p... | then there is a unique probability measure on for any cdf, and vice versa. The measure corresponding to a cdf is said to be by the cdf. This measure coincides with the pmf for discrete variables and pdf for continuous variables, making the measure-theoretic approach free of fallacies. The probability of a set in the σ-... |
upper and lower limits is always equal to zero. If the interval is replaced by any measurable set , the according equality still holds: . A continuous random variable is a random variable whose probability distribution is continuous. There are many examples of continuous probability distributions: normal, uniform, chi-... | all subsets whose probability can be measured, and is the probability function, or probability measure, that assigns a probability to each of these measurable subsets . Probability distributions usually belong to one of two classes. A discrete probability distribution is applicable to the scenarios where the set of pos... |
Kendal's concordance coefficient, etc. are useful statistical tools. (B) Test-Retest Reliability: Test-Retest Procedure is estimation of temporal consistency of the test. A test is administered twice to the same sample with a time interval. Correlation between two sets of scores is used as an estimate of reliability. T... | called b. the two important assumptions are local independence and unidimensionality. The Item Response Theory has three models. They are one parameter logistic model, two parameter logistic model and three parameter logistic model. In addition, Polychromous IRT Model are also useful. The R Software has ‘ltm’, packages... |
Ball. Consequences album Cook played multiple roles on the 1977 concept album Consequences, written and produced by former 10cc members Kevin Godley and Lol Creme. A mixture of spoken comedy and progressive rock with an environmental subtext, Consequences started as a single that Godley and Creme planned to make to dem... | on Greta Garbo. When Cook learned a few years later that the videotapes of the series were to be wiped, a common practice at the time, he offered to buy the recordings from the BBC but was refused because of copyright issues. He suggested he could purchase new tapes so that the BBC would have no need to erase the origi... |
start to make music, but certainly to become as visible as say Jefferson Airplane or somebody like that." DeRogatis views Revolver as another of "the first psychedelic rock masterpieces", along with Pet Sounds. The Beatles' May 1966 B-side "Rain", recorded during the Revolver sessions, was the first pop recording to co... | denied it at the time. "Eight Miles High" peaked at number 14 in the US and reached the top 30 in the UK. Contributing to psychedelia's emergence into the pop mainstream was the release of the Beach Boys' Pet Sounds (May 1966) and the Beatles' Revolver (August 1966). Often considered one of the earliest albums in the c... |
group for $3.3 billion. In February 2015, Philips acquired Volcano Corporation to strengthen its position in non-invasive surgery and imaging. In June 2016, Philips spun off its lighting division to focus on the healthcare division. In June 2017, Philips announced it would acquire US-based Spectranetics Corp, a manufac... | Inc., a leading U.S.-based provider of remote cardiac diagnostics and monitoring, announced that they had entered into a definitive merger agreement. On 19 January 2021, Philips announced the acquisition of Capsule Technologies, Inc., a provider of medical device integration and data technologies for hospitals and heal... |
or completely separated. The pelvic fins usually have one spine and up to five soft rays, positioned unusually far forward under the chin or under the belly. Scales are usually ctenoid (rough to the touch), although sometimes they are cycloid (smooth to the touch) or otherwise modified. Taxonomy Classification of this ... | Cretaceous. Among the well-known members of this group are perch and darters (Percidae), sea bass and groupers (Serranidae). Characteristics The dorsal and anal fins are divided into anterior spiny and posterior soft-rayed portions, which may be partially or completely separated. The pelvic fins usually have one spine ... |
brown. It has a flavor somewhat similar to both banana and mango, varying significantly by cultivar, and has more protein than most fruits. Species and their distributions Accepted species Asimina angustifolia Raf. 1840 not A. Gray 1886; Florida, Georgia, Alabama, South Carolina Not a valid species Asimina incana (W. B... | - Dwarf pawpaw. Florida and Georgia. Asimina reticulata Shuttlw. ex Chapman - Netted pawpaw. Florida and Georgia. Asimina spatulata (Kral) D.B.Ward - Slim leaf pawpaw. Florida and Alabama Not a valid species Asimina tetramera Small - Fourpetal pawpaw. Florida (endangered) Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal - Common pawpaw. Ext... |
their experience a private matter or joined a Pentecostal church afterward. The 1960s saw a new pattern develop where large numbers of Spirit baptized Christians from mainline churches in the US, Europe, and other parts of the world chose to remain and work for spiritual renewal within their traditional churches. This ... | T. B. Barratt was influenced by Seymour during a tour of the United States. By December 1906, he had returned to Europe and is credited with beginning the Pentecostal movement in Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Germany, France and England. A notable convert of Barratt was Alexander Boddy, the Anglican vicar of All Saints' in ... |
to ideas put forth by Hippocrates, Democritus and other pre-Darwinian scientists in proposing that the whole of parental organisms participate in heredity (thus the prefix pan). Darwin wrote that Hippocrates' pangenesis was "almost identical with mine—merely a change of terms—and an application of them to classes of fa... | Plants Under Domestication, intending it to fill what he perceived as a major gap in evolutionary theory at the time. The etymology of the word comes from the Greek words pan (a prefix meaning "whole", "encompassing") and genesis ("birth") or genos ("origin"). Pangenesis mirrored ideas originally formulated by Hippocra... |
shoulder and may have weighed up to , almost double the weight of some sauropods like Diplodocus carnegii. The largest extant proboscidean is the African bush elephant, with a record of size of at the shoulder and . In addition to their enormous size, later proboscideans are distinguished by tusks and long, muscular tr... | the Greek and the Latin proboscis) are a taxonomic order of afrotherian mammals containing one living family (Elephantidae) and several extinct families. First described by J. Illiger in 1811, it encompasses the elephants and their close relatives. From the mid-Miocene onwards, most proboscideans were very large. The l... |
likely preferred soft food over tough and hard food. Paranthropus species were generalist feeders, but P. robustus was likely an omnivore, whereas P. boisei was likely herbivorous and mainly ate bulbotubers. They were bipeds. Despite their robust heads, they had comparatively small bodies. Average weight and height are... | more similarities to Homo than P. boisei. Paranthropus were bipeds, and their hips, legs and feet resemble A. afarensis and modern humans. The pelvis is similar to A. afarensis, but the hip joints are smaller in P. robustus. The physical similarity implies a similar walking gait. Their modern-humanlike big toe indicate... |
of the teeth vary according to diet. The incisors and canines can be very small or completely absent, as in the two African species of rhinoceros. In the horses, usually only the males possess canines. The surface shape and height of the molars is heavily dependent on whether soft leaves or hard grass make up the main ... | horse, Equus ferus przewalskii Domestic horse, Equus ferus caballus African wild ass, Equus africanus Nubian wild ass, Equus africanus africanus Somali wild ass, Equus africanus somaliensis Domesticated ass (donkey), Equus africanus asinus Atlas wild ass, †Equus africanus atlanticus Onager or Asiatic wild ass, Equus he... |
tens digit (if any). Examples: 1–3 with 2-3: value 9 (nine pips altogether) 2–3 with 5-6: value 6 (16 pips; drop the 10) 5–5 with 4-6: value 0 (20 pips; ones digit is zero) Gongs and Wongs There are special ways in which a hand can score more than nine points. The double-one tiles and double-six tiles are known as the ... | tiles are considered distinguishable. However, there are 3,620 distinct sets of 4 tiles when the tiles of a pair are considered indistinguishable. There are 496 ways to select 2 of the 32 tiles when the 32 tiles are considered distinguishable. There are 136 distinct hands (pairs of tiles) when the tiles of a pair are c... |
On the real numbers the usual less than relation < is a strict partial order and the same is also true of the usual greater than relation > on By definition, every strict weak order is a strict partial order. The set of subsets of a given set (its power set) ordered by inclusion (see Fig.1). Similarly, the set of seque... | , and assume that the other relations are defined appropriately. Defining via a non-strict partial order is most common. Some authors use different symbols than such as or to distinguish partial orders from total orders. When referring to partial orders, should not be taken as the complement of . The relation is the co... |
Psyche (psychology), the totality of the human mind, conscious and unconscious Psyche, an 1846 book about the unconscious by Carl Gustav Carus Psyche, an 1890-94 book about the ancient Greek concept of soul by Erwin Rohde Psyche (consciousness journal), a periodical on the study of consciousness Psyche, a digital magaz... | journal), a periodical on the study of consciousness Psyche, a digital magazine on psychology published by Aeon Religion and mythology Psyche (mythology), a mortal woman in Greek mythology who became the wife of Eros and the goddess of the soul Soul in the Bible, spirit or soul in Judaic and Christian philosophy and th... |
accompanying narrative. Parmenides attempted to distinguish between the unity of nature and its variety, insisting in the Way of Truth upon the reality of its unity, which is therefore the object of knowledge, and upon the unreality of its variety, which is therefore the object, not of knowledge, but of opinion. In the... | narrator travels "beyond the beaten paths of mortal men" to receive a revelation from an unnamed goddess (generally thought to be Persephone or Dikē) on the nature of reality. Aletheia, an estimated 90% of which has survived, and doxa, most of which no longer exists, are then presented as the spoken revelation of the g... |
full marine salinities, but actual wild breeding has never been observed. Xenopterus naritus has been reported to be first breed artificially in Sarawak, Northwestern Borneo, in June 2016, which the main purpose is for development in aquaculture of the species. In 2012, males of the species Torquigener albomaculosus we... | Distribution They are most diverse in the tropics, relatively uncommon in the temperate zone, and completely absent from cold waters. Ecology and life history Most pufferfish species live in marine or brackish waters, but some can enter fresh water. About 35 species spend their entire lifecycles in fresh water. These f... |
set. A partial function is often used when its exact domain of definition is not known or difficult to specify. This is the case in calculus, where, for example, the quotient of two functions is a partial function whose domain of definition cannot contain the zeros of the denominator. For this reason, in calculus, and ... | and exceptions are suppressed, e.g. when the square root of a negative number is requested. In a programming language where function parameters are statically typed, a function may be defined as a partial function because the language's type system cannot express the exact domain of the function, so the programmer inst... |
electrode (E) exposed to the light, and a collector (C) whose voltage VC can be externally controlled. A positive external voltage is used to direct the photoemitted electrons onto the collector. If the frequency and the intensity of the incident radiation are fixed, the photoelectric current I increases with an increa... | is highly dependent on polarization (the direction of the electric field) of the incident light, as well as the emitting material's quantum properties such as atomic and molecular orbital symmetries and the electronic band structure of crystalline solids. In materials without macroscopic order, the distribution of elec... |
global climate during the Paleogene departed from the hot and humid conditions of the late Mesozoic Era and began a cooling and drying trend. Though periodically disrupted by warm periods, such as the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum, this trend persisted until the end of the most recent glacial period of the current i... | ; also spelled Palaeogene or Palæogene; informally Lower Tertiary or Early Tertiary) is a geologic period and system that spans 43 million years from the end of the Cretaceous Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the Neogene Period Mya. It is the beginning of the Cenozoic Era of the present Phanerozoic Eo... |
relation is a strict preorder if and only if it is a strict partial order. By definition, a strict partial order is an asymmetric strict preorder, where is called if for all Conversely, every strict preorder is a strict partial order because every transitive irreflexive relation is necessarily asymmetric. Although they... | which are special cases of a preorder: an antisymmetric preorder is a partial order, and a symmetric preorder is an equivalence relation. The name comes from the idea that preorders (that are not partial orders) are 'almost' (partial) orders, but not quite; they are neither necessarily antisymmetric nor asymmetric. Bec... |
unconscious adaptation to reality. Langs' recent work in some measure returns to the earlier Freud, in that Langs prefers a modified version of the topographic model of the mind (conscious, preconscious, and unconscious) over the structural model (id, ego, and super-ego), including the former's emphasis on trauma (thou... | defensive operations—essentially shut-off brain mechanisms that make people unaware of that element of conflict. Repression is the term given to the mechanism that shuts thoughts out of consciousness. Isolation of affect is the term used for the mechanism that shuts sensations out of consciousness. Neurotic symptoms ma... |
of Peking, an 1874 American iron steamship built Peking Plan, a 1939 operation in which three Polish Navy destroyers evacuated to the United Kingdom Peking Man, formally Homo erectus pekinensis, an ancient hominin Local nickname | SS City of Peking, an 1874 American iron steamship built Peking Plan, a 1939 operation in which three Polish Navy destroyers evacuated to the United Kingdom Peking Man, formally Homo erectus pekinensis, an ancient hominin Local |
as "Xī'ān".) Eh alone is written as ê; elsewhere as e. Schwa is always written as e. Zh, ch, and sh can be abbreviated as ẑ, ĉ, and ŝ (z, c, s with a circumflex). However, the shorthands are rarely used because of the difficulty of entering them on computers and are confined mainly to Esperanto keyboard layouts. Early ... | by voicing), but not to that of French. Letters z and c also have that distinction, pronounced as and (which is reminiscent of these letters being used to represent the phoneme in the German language and Latin-script-using Slavic languages, respectively). From s, z, c come the digraphs sh, zh, ch by analogy with Englis... |
preaching not only offers manifold gain as a treasure, but is precious as a pearl; wherefore after the parable concerning the treasure, He gives that concerning the pearl. And in preaching, two things are required, namely, to be detached from the business of this life, and to be watchful, which are denoted by this merc... | Latter Day Saint denominations. Commentary from the Church Fathers Chrysostom: "The Gospel preaching not only offers manifold gain as a treasure, but is precious as a pearl; wherefore after the parable concerning the treasure, He gives that concerning the pearl. And in preaching, two things are required, namely, to be ... |
the history of the human mind, while Spinoza is one of its most potent forces. Bruno was a rhapsodist and a poet, who was overwhelmed with artistic emotions; Spinoza, however, was spiritus purus and in his method the prototype of the philosopher." 18th century The first known use of the term "pantheism" was in Latin ("... | it attained supremacy among us as a philosophic theory." Johann Wolfgang von Goethe rejected Jacobi’s personal belief in God as the "hollow sentiment of a child’s brain" (Goethe 15/1: 446) and, in the "Studie nach Spinoza" (1785/86), proclaimed the identity of existence and wholeness. When Jacobi speaks of Spinoza’s "f... |
description of the spiritual unity of the cosmos. It presents the nature of Purusha or the cosmic being as both immanent in the manifested world and yet transcendent to it. From this being the sukta holds, the original creative will proceeds, by which this vast universe is projected in space and time. The most influent... | of the supreme being, even if to some this event is held to be more accidental than intentional. To other gnostics, these emanations were akin to the Sephirot of the Kabbalists and deliberate manifestations of a transcendent God through a complex system of intermediaries. Judaism While mainstream Rabbinic Judaism is cl... |
or harm to others. DSM-5 The DSM-5 adds a distinction between paraphilias and paraphilic disorders, stating that paraphilias do not require or justify psychiatric treatment in themselves, and defining paraphilic disorder as "a paraphilia that is currently causing distress or impairment to the individual or a paraphilia... | masochism, and "other sexual deviation". No definition or examples were provided for "other sexual deviation", but the general category of sexual deviation was meant to describe the sexual preference of individuals that was "directed primarily toward objects other than people of opposite sex, toward sexual acts not usu... |
basic environment for drugs that are taken by mouth. Acid is essential to degrading certain oral drugs before systemic absorption. Therefore, the absorption of these drugs in children is greater than in adults due to decreased breakdown and increased preservation in a less acidic gastric space. Children also have an ex... | It was in 1472, in Padua, that Paolo Bagellardo, an Italian physician, authored the first medical book entirely about childhood illnesses - "De infantium aegritudinibus ac remediis." Some of the oldest traces of pediatrics can be discovered in Ancient India where children's doctors were called kumara bhrtya. Sushruta S... |
Bernard's (1813–1878) further discoveries ultimately led to his concept of milieu interieur (internal environment), which would later be taken up and championed as "homeostasis" by American physiologist Walter B. Cannon in 1929. By homeostasis, Cannon meant "the maintenance of steady states in the body and the physiolo... | considers the diversity of functional characteristics across organisms. History The classical era The study of human physiology as a medical field originates in classical Greece, at the time of Hippocrates (late 5th century BC). Outside of Western tradition, early forms of physiology or anatomy can be reconstructed as ... |
to circles, and is a consequence of the central limit theorem, discussed below. These Monte Carlo methods for approximating are very slow compared to other methods, and do not provide any information on the exact number of digits that are obtained. Thus they are never used to approximate when speed or accuracy is desir... | with a 3,072-sided polygon to obtain a value of of 3.1416. Liu later invented a faster method of calculating and obtained a value of 3.14 with a 96-sided polygon, by taking advantage of the fact that the differences in area of successive polygons form a geometric series with a factor of 4. The Chinese mathematician Zu ... |
such as discursive regime, or re-invoked those of older philosophers like episteme and genealogy in order to explain the relationship between meaning, power, and social behavior within social orders (see The Order of Things, The Archaeology of Knowledge, Discipline and Punish, and The History of Sexuality). Jean-Franço... | it to religion as well as theology, to Catholic feeling as well as to Catholic tradition." In 1942 H. R. Hays described postmodernism as a new literary form. In 1926, Bernard Iddings Bell, president of St. Stephen's College (now Bard College), published Postmodernism and Other Essays, marking the first use of the term ... |
glass negative in late 1839. In the March 1851 issue of The Chemist, Frederick Scott Archer published his wet plate collodion process. It became the most widely used photographic medium until the gelatin dry plate, introduced in the 1870s, eventually replaced it. There are three subsets to the collodion process; the Am... | and professional photographers. The distinctive "look" of film based photographs compared to digital images is likely due to a combination of factors, including: (1) differences in spectral and tonal sensitivity (S-shaped density-to-exposure (H&D curve) with film vs. linear response curve for digital CCD sensors) (2) r... |
version of the Hebrew Pentateuch, written in the Samaritan alphabet and used by the Samaritans, for whom it is the entire biblical canon Targum Yerushalmi, a western targum (translation) of the | to: Ashburnham Pentateuch, late 6th- or early 7th-century Latin illuminated manuscript of the Pentateuch Chumash, printed Torah, as opposed to a Torah scroll Samaritan Pentateuch, a version of the Hebrew Pentateuch, |
postmodern era is positioned to synthesize at a higher level—the level of experience, where the being of things and the activity of the finite knower compenetrate one another and provide the materials whence can be derived knowledge of nature and knowledge of culture in their full symbiosis—the achievements of the anci... | in their full symbiosis—the achievements of the ancients and the moderns in a way that gives full credit to the preoccupations of the two. The postmodern era has for its distinctive task in philosophy the exploration of a new path, no longer the ancient way of things nor the modern way of ideas, but the way of signs, w... |
away from the perceptibly damaging hegemony of binaries such as aestheticism/formalism, subject/object, unity/disunity, part/whole, that were seen to dominate former aesthetic discourse, and that when left unchallenged (as postmodernists claim of modernist discourse) are thought to de-humanise music analysis". Fredric ... | on some level and in some way, ironic does not respect boundaries between sonorities and procedures of the past and of the present challenges barriers between 'high' and 'low' styles shows disdain for the often unquestioned value of structural unity questions the mutual exclusivity of elitist and populist values avoids... |
conducting experiments Medical protocol (disambiguation) Computing Protocol (object-oriented programming), a common means for unrelated objects to communicate with each other (sometimes also called interfaces) Communication protocol, a defined set of rules and regulations that determine how data is transmitted in telec... | communicate with each other (sometimes also called interfaces) Communication protocol, a defined set of rules and regulations that determine how data is transmitted in telecommunications and computer networking Cryptographic protocol, a protocol for encrypting messages Decentralized network protocol, a protocol for ope... |
low volumes. Roots-type pumps Named after the Roots brothers who invented it, this lobe pump displaces the liquid trapped between two long helical rotors, each fitted into the other when perpendicular at 90°, rotating inside a triangular shaped sealing line configuration, both at the point of suction and at the point o... | pump was used extensively in the 19th century—in the early days of steam propulsion—as boiler feed water pumps. Now reciprocating pumps typically pump highly viscous fluids like concrete and heavy oils, and serve in special applications that demand low flow rates against high resistance. Reciprocating hand pumps were w... |
a chess variant Progressive talk radio, a talk radio format devoted to expressing liberal or progressive viewpoints of issues The Progressive, an American left-wing magazine Brands and enterprises Progressive Corporation, a U.S. insurance company Progressive Enterprises, a New Zealand retail cooperative Healthcare Prog... | towards civilization Progressivism in the United States, the political philosophy in the American context Other uses in politics Progressive Era, a period of reform in the United States (ca. 1890–1930) Progressive tax, a type of tax rate structure Arts, entertainment, and media Music Progressive music, a type of music ... |
for all points of a system filled with a constant-density fluid is where: p, pressure of the fluid, = ρg, density × acceleration of gravity is the (volume-) specific weight of the fluid, v, velocity of the fluid, g, acceleration of gravity, z, elevation, , pressure head, , velocity head. Applications Hydraulic brakes A... | not as an absolute pressure, but relative to atmospheric pressure; such measurements are called gauge pressure. An example of this is the air pressure in an automobile tire, which might be said to be "", but is actually 220 kPa (32 psi) above atmospheric pressure. Since atmospheric pressure at sea level is about 100 kP... |
This corresponds to the area of the plane covered by the polygon or to the area of one or more simple polygons having the same outline as the self-intersecting one. In the case of the cross-quadrilateral, it is treated as two simple triangles. Centroid Using the same convention for vertex coordinates as in the previous... | it has sides. Each corner has several angles. The two most important ones are: Interior angle – The sum of the interior angles of a simple n-gon is radians or degrees. This is because any simple n-gon ( having n sides ) can be considered to be made up of triangles, each of which has an angle sum of π radians or 180 deg... |
to the 1990s, which involve player characters defeating large groups of weaker enemies along a side-scrolling playfield. Examples include beat 'em ups like Kung-Fu Master and Double Dragon, ninja action games like The Legend of Kage and Shinobi, scrolling platformers like Super Mario Bros. and Sonic the Hedgehog, and r... | for Dune, and Command & Conquer series. In such games, the only real indication that the player has a character (instead of an omnipresent status), is from the cutscenes during which the character is being given a mission briefing or debriefing; the player is usually addressed as "general", "commander", or another mili... |
a number of neighbouring parishes to be placed under one benefice in the charge of a priest who conducts services by rotation, with additional services being provided by lay readers or other non-ordained members of the church community. A chapelry was a subdivision of an ecclesiastical parish in England, and parts of L... | of civil government in Scotland in 1929, Scottish parishes have purely ecclesiastical significance and the boundaries may be adjusted by the local Presbytery. Church in Wales The church in Wales was disestablished in 1920 and is made up of six dioceses. Parishes were also civil administration areas until communities we... |
of Palaestina Prima. He would have received a conventional upper class education in the Greek classics and rhetoric, perhaps at the famous school at Gaza. He may have attended law school, possibly at Berytus (present-day Beirut) or Constantinople (now Istanbul), and became a lawyer (rhetor). He evidently knew Latin, as... | who has also provided a new commentary and notes. Prokopios, The Secret History, translated by Anthony Kaldellis. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing, 2010. This edition includes related texts, an introductory essay, notes, maps, a timeline, a guide to the main sources from the period and a guide to scholarship in English... |
such as communications channels and pairs of electromagnetic spectrum band and signal transmission power can only be used by a single party at a time, or a single party in a divisible context, if owned or used at all. Thus far or usually those are not considered property, or at least not private property, even though t... | are but children, whether obedient or unruly, and that property rights are akin to the household goods that a father may dole out among his children—his to take back and dispose of according to his pleasure. John Locke (17th century) In the following generation, John Locke sought to answer Filmer, creating a rationale ... |
beneath them were Samurai serving as , who were responsible for patrolling the streets, keeping the peace, and making arrests when necessary. The were responsible for managing the . and were typically drawn from low-ranking samurai families. This system typically did not apply to the Samurai themselves. Samurai clans w... | to as police officers, troopers, sheriffs, constables, rangers, peace officers or civic/civil guards. Ireland differs from other English-speaking countries by using the Irish language terms Garda (singular) and Gardaí (plural), for both the national police force and its members. The word police is the most universal an... |
the introduction shows six of these cabinets). The processors used in the DECSYSTEM-20 (2040, 2050, 2060, 2065), commonly but incorrectly called "KL20", use internal memory, mounted in the same cabinet as the CPU. The 10xx models also have different packaging; they come in the original tall PDP-10 cabinets, rather than... | registers. The right half of these registers (other than register 0) may be used for indexing. A few instructions operate on pairs of registers. The "PC Word" consists of a 13-bit condition register (plus 5 always zero bits) in the left half and an 18-bit Program Counter in the right half. The condition register, which... |
the earlier KL10 Model A processors, used in the earlier DECsystem-10s running on KL10 processors, and the later KL10 Model Bs, used for the DECSYSTEM-20s. Model As used the original PDP-10 memory bus, with external memory modules. The later Model B processors used in the DECSYSTEM-20 used internal memory, mounted in t... | DECSYSTEM-20 was sometimes called PDP-20, although this designation was never used by DEC. Models The following models were produced: DECSYSTEM-2020: KS10 bit-slice processor with up to 512 kilowords of solid state RAM (The ADP OnSite version of the DECSYSTEM-2020 supported 1 MW of RAM) DECSYSTEM-2040: KL10 ECL process... |
more powerful, but based on the same concepts as the 12-bit PDP-5/PDP-8 series. One customer of these early PDP machines was Atomic Energy of Canada. The installation at Chalk River, Ontario included an early PDP-4 with a display system and a new PDP-5 as interface to the research reactor instrumentation and control. P... | DIGITAL's own small magnetic tape units (DECtape). The PDP-9 established minicomputers as the leading edge of the computer industry. PDP-10 Also marketed as the DECsystem-10, this 36-bit timesharing machine (1966) was quite successful over several different implementations (KA, KI, KL, KS) and models. The instruction s... |
primary mirrors, with the resolving power equivalent to a optical aperture. Superlative primary mirrors The largest optical telescope in the world as of 2009 to use a non-segmented single-mirror as its primary mirror is the 8.2 m (26.9 ft) Subaru telescope of the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, located in M... | seven 8.4 meter primary mirrors, with the resolving power equivalent to a optical aperture. Superlative primary mirrors The largest optical telescope in the world as of 2009 to use a non-segmented single-mirror as its primary mirror is the 8.2 m (26.9 ft) Subaru telescope of the National Astronomical Observatory of Jap... |
(1900–1965) Yakov Lvovich Alpert – Russia, United States (1911–2010) Ralph Asher Alpher – United States (1921–2007) Semen Altshuler – Vitebsk (1911–1983) Luis Walter Alvarez – United States (1911–1988) Nobel laureate Viktor Ambartsumian – Soviet Union, Armenia (1908–1996) André-Marie Ampère – France (1775–1836) Anja Ce... | (1904–1968) Sylvester James Gates – United States (born 1950) Carl Friedrich Gauss – Germany (1777–1855) Pamela L. Gay – United States (born 1973) Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac – France (1778–1850) Hans Geiger – Germany (1882–1945) Andre Geim – Russian/British (born 1958) Nobel laureate Murray Gell-Mann – United States (1929... |
formation of a hydrophobic core, but also through salt bridges, hydrogen bonds, disulfide bonds, and even posttranslational modifications. The term "tertiary structure" is often used as synonymous with the term fold. The tertiary structure is what controls the basic function of the protein. Quaternary structure: the st... | proteins may not readily assume their native tertiary structure. Most chemical synthesis methods proceed from C-terminus to N-terminus, opposite the biological reaction. Structure Most proteins fold into unique 3D structures. The shape into which a protein naturally folds is known as its native conformation. Although m... |
a mixture of very large numbers (perhaps of the order of the Avogadro constant, 6 x 1023) of particles can often be described by just a few variables like pressure, temperature, and concentration. The precise reasons for this are described in statistical mechanics, a specialty within physical chemistry which is also sh... | degree of freedom (or variance) can be correlated with one another with help of phase rule. Reactions of electrochemical cells. Behaviour of microscopic systems using quantum mechanics and macroscopic systems using statistical thermodynamics. Key concepts The key concepts of physical chemistry are the ways in which pur... |
a spool is related to the spool's perimeter; if the length of the string was exact, it would equal the perimeter. Formulas The perimeter is the distance around a shape. Perimeters for more general shapes can be calculated, as any path, with , where is the length of the path and is an infinitesimal line element. Both of... | first mathematician known to have used this kind of reasoning is Archimedes, who approximated the perimeter of a circle by surrounding it with regular polygons. The perimeter of a polygon equals the sum of the lengths of its sides (edges). In particular, the perimeter of a rectangle of width and length equals An equila... |
into more than two liquid phases and the concept of phase separation extends to solids, i.e., solids can form solid solutions or crystallize into distinct crystal phases. Metal pairs that are mutually soluble can form alloys, whereas metal pairs that are mutually insoluble cannot. As many as eight immiscible liquid pha... | in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition g... |
History of neurophysics – history of the branch of biophysics dealing with the nervous system. History of chemical physics – history of the branch of physics that studies chemical processes from the point of view of physics. History of computational physics – history of the study and implementation of numerical algorit... | galactic astronomy – history of the study of our own Milky Way galaxy and all its contents. History of physical cosmology – history of the study of the largest-scale structures and dynamics of the universe and is concerned with fundamental questions about its formation and evolution. History of planetary science – hist... |
2–4 grams per gallon were needed). The "low percentage" solution ultimately led to the discovery of tetraethyllead (TEL) in December 1921, a product of the research of Midgley and Boyd and the defining component of leaded gasoline. This innovation started a cycle of improvements in fuel efficiency that coincided with t... | had considered 100-octane tests using pure octane but at $25 a gallon, the price prevented this from happening. In 1929 Stanavo Specification Board, Inc. was organized by the Standard Oil companies of California, Indiana, and New Jersey to improve aviation fuels and oils and by 1935 had placed their first 100 octane fu... |
and four 2-ketopentoses, stereoisomers that differ in the spatial position of the hydroxyl groups. These forms occur in pairs of optical isomers, generally labelled "" or "" by conventional rules (independently of their optical activity). Aldopentoses The aldopentoses have three chiral centers; therefore, eight (23) di... | carbon atoms. The chemical formula of all pentoses is , and their molecular weight is 150.13 g/mol. Pentoses are very important in biochemistry. Ribose is a constituent of RNA, and the related molecule, deoxyribose, is a constituent of DNA. Phosphorylated pentoses are important products of the pentose phosphate pathway... |
from the raw gas, to prevent condensation of these volatiles in natural gas pipelines. Additionally, oil refineries produce some propane as a by-product of cracking petroleum into gasoline or heating oil. The supply of propane cannot easily be adjusted to meet increased demand, because of the by-product nature of propa... | Portable stoves Propane is a popular choice for barbecues and portable stoves because the low boiling point of makes it vaporize as soon as it is released from its pressurized container. Therefore, no carburetor or other vaporizing device is required; a simple metering nozzle suffices. Refrigerant Blends of pure, dry "... |
this age were first studied. The Precambrian accounts for 88% of the Earth's geologic time. The Precambrian is an informal unit of geologic time, subdivided into three eons (Hadean, Archean, Proterozoic) of the geologic time scale. It spans from the formation of Earth about 4.6 billion years ago (Ga) to the beginning o... | the Phanerozoic Eon. By the middle of the following Cambrian Period, a very diverse fauna is recorded in the Burgess Shale, including some which may represent stem groups of modern taxa. The increase in diversity of lifeforms during the early Cambrian is called the Cambrian explosion of life. While land seems to have b... |
animals and humans and has led to the deaths of many young children. The pertussis toxin is a protein exotoxin that binds to cell receptors by two dimers and reacts with different cell types such as T lymphocytes which play a role in cell immunity. PCR is an important testing tool that can detect sequences within the g... | below). Many modern thermal cyclers make use of the Peltier effect, which permits both heating and cooling of the block holding the PCR tubes simply by reversing the electric current. Thin-walled reaction tubes permit favorable thermal conductivity to allow for rapid thermal equilibrium. Most thermal cyclers have heate... |
polymerase III holoenzyme Family X: Pol β, λ, μ Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TDT), which lends diversity to antibody heavy chains. Family Y: DNA polymerase IV (DinB) and DNA polymerase V (UmuD'2C) - SOS repair polymerases; Pol η, ι, κ Reverse transcriptase (RT; RNA-directed DNA polymerase; RdDP) Telomerase DN... | polymerase, POLRMT Primase, PrimPol RNA replicase (RNA-directed RNA polymerase, RdRP) Viral (single-subunit) Eukaryotic cellular (cRdRP; dual-subunit) Template-less RNA elongation Polyadenylation: PAP, PNPase By structure Polymerases are generally split into two superfamilies, the "right hand" fold () and the "double p... |
Canada Pacific Railway Company, sought the potentially lucrative charter for the project. The problem lay in that Allan and Macdonald highly, and secretly, were in cahoots with American financiers such as George W. McMullen and Jay Cooke, men who were deeply interested in the rival American undertaking, the Northern Pa... | the potentially lucrative charter for the project. The problem lay in that Allan and Macdonald highly, and secretly, were in cahoots with American financiers such as George W. McMullen and Jay Cooke, men who were deeply interested in the rival American undertaking, the Northern Pacific Railroad. Scandal Two groups comp... |
in the DNA backbone between Okazaki fragments which is sealed by DNA ligase. In eukaryotic primer removal, DNA polymerase δ extends the Okazaki fragment in 5′→3′ direction, and upon encountering the RNA primer from the previous Okazaki fragment, it displaces the 5′ end of the primer into a single-stranded RNA flap, whi... | strand, the template DNA runs in the 5′→3′ direction. Since DNA polymerase cannot add bases in the 3′→5′ direction complementary to the template strand, DNA is synthesized ‘backward’ in short fragments moving away from the replication fork, known as Okazaki fragments. Unlike in the leading strand, this method results i... |
is water-soluble. Purine also gives its name to the wider class of molecules, purines, which include substituted purines and their tautomers. They are the most widely occurring nitrogen-containing heterocycles in nature. Dietary sources Purines are found in high concentration in meat and meat products, especially inter... | and RNA. To be viable, organisms possess a number of deoxypurine phosphohydrolases, which hydrolyze these purine derivatives removing them from the active NTP and dNTP pools. Deamination of purine bases can result in accumulation of such nucleotides as ITP, dITP, XTP and dXTP. Defects in enzymes that control purine pro... |
1 and 4 positions) and pyridazine (nitrogen atoms at the 1 and 2 positions). In nucleic acids, three types of nucleobases are pyrimidine derivatives: cytosine (C), thymine (T), and uracil (U). Occurrence and history The pyrimidine ring system has wide occurrence in nature as substituted and ring fused compounds and der... | heterocyclic ring systems, the synthesis of pyrimidine is not that common and is usually performed by removing functional groups from derivatives. Primary syntheses in quantity involving formamide have been reported. As a class, pyrimidines are typically synthesized by the principal synthesis involving cyclization of β... |
The PBM genre's two preeminent magazines of the period were Flagship and Paper Mayhem. Also in the mid-1980s, general gaming magazines began carrying articles on PBM and ran PBM advertisements, while the Origins Awards began a "Best PBM Game" category. PBM games up to the 1980s came from multiple sources: some were ada... | PBM games designed and published in this decade were written specifically for the genre versus adapted from other existing games. Thus they tended to be more complicated and gravitated toward requiring computer assistance. The 1990s brought changes to the PBM world. In the early 1990s, email became an option to transmi... |
(since 2005) the Philip K. Dick Trust. Named after science fiction writer Philip K. Dick, it has been awarded since 1983, the year after his death. It is awarded to the best original paperback published each year in the US. The award was founded by Thomas Disch with assistance from David G. Hartwell, Paul S. Williams, ... | David G. Hartwell, and David Alexander Smith. Winners and nominees Winners are listed in bold. Authors of special citation entries are listed in italics. The year in the table below indicates the year the book was published; winners are announced the following year. References External links List of all winning and nom... |
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