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After the marriage of her two older half-sisters , Marie Louise and Anne Marie born of the first marriage of their father to Henrietta Anne of England , she was known as Madame Royale , according to her status as the highest-ranking unmarried princess in France .	After the marriage of her two older half-sisters , Marie Louise and Anne Marie born of the first marriage of their father to Henrietta of England , she was known as Madame Royale , according to her status as the highest-ranking unmarried princess in France .
Despite this , the House of Lorraine received a dowry of 900,000 Livres .	The House of Lorraine received a dowry of 900,000 Livres .
The marriage was the result of the Treaty of Ryswick , one of its conditions being that the Duchy of Lorraine , which had been for many years in the possession of France , be restored to Leopold Joseph , a son of Charles V , Duke of Lorraine .	The marriage was the result of the Treaty of Ryswick , one of its conditions being that the Duchy of Lorraine , which had been for many years in the possession of France , be restored to Leopold , a son of Charles V , Duke of Lorraine .
Élisabeth Charlotte was finally married on 13 October 1698 at the Palace of Fontainebleau to Leopold , Duke of Lorraine , son of Charles V , Duke of Lorraine , and of the Archduchess Eleonora Maria Josefa of Austria .	Élisabeth Charlotte was finally married on 13 October 1698 at the Palace of Fontainebleau to Leopold , Duke of Lorraine , son of Charles V , Duke of Lorraine , and of the Archduchess Eleonora of Austria .
Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans ( 13 September 1676 - 23 December 1744 ) was a French petite-fille de France and by marriage to Leopold , Duke of Lorraine , duchess and later regent of Lorraine and Bar .	Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans ( 13 September 1676 - 23 December 1744 ) was a niece of Louis XIV and wife of Leopold , Duke of Lorraine .
Even her widowed first cousin Monseigneur , the Dauphin of France , was considered , as were his son , Louis de France , and another cousin , the legitimised Louis-Auguste de Bourbon , Duke of Maine , eldest son of Louis XIV and Madame de Montespan .	Another was Louis Auguste de Bourbon , Duke of Maine , eldest son of Louis XIV and Madame de Montespan .
As a petite-fille de France , she was entitled to have the style of Her Royal Highness , as well as the right to an armchair in the presence of the King .	She was entitled to have the style of Her Royal Highness .
Élisabeth Charlotte was born at the Château de Saint-Cloud outside Paris .	Élisabeth Charlotte was born at the Château de Saint-Cloud the daughter of Philippe , Duke of Orléans and of his second wife , Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate .
Among her children was Francis I , Holy Roman Emperor , a co-founder of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine .	Among her children was Francis I , Holy Roman Emperor , father of Marie Antoinette .
At birth , she was given the honorary style Mademoiselle de Chartres , taken from the name of one of her father 's appanages .	At birth , she was given the honorary style Mademoiselle de Chartres .
There are two types of pages in desktop publishing , electronic pages and virtual paper pages to be printed on physical paper pages .	There are two types of pages in desktop publishing , electronic pages and virtual paper pages to be printed on paper .
The term `` desktop publishing '' is attributed to Aldus Corporation founder Paul Brainerd , who sought a marketing catch-phrase to describe the small size and relative affordability of this suite of products in contrast to the expensive commercial phototypesetting equipment of the day .	The term `` desktop publishing '' is attributed to Aldus Corporation founder Paul Brainerd , who sought a marketing catch-phrase to describe the small size and relative affordability of this software in contrast to the expensive commercial phototypesetting equipment of the day .
All computerized documents are technically electronic , which are limited in size only by computer memory or computer data storage space .	All computerized documents are technically electronic , and are limited in size only by computer memory or computer data storage space .
The key difference between electronic typesetting software and DTP software is that DTP software is generally interactive and WYSIWYG in design , while other electronic typesetting software , such as TeX , LaTeX and other variants , tends to operate in batch mode , requiring the user to enter the processing program 's ...	The key difference between electronic typesetting software and DTP software is that DTP software is generally interactive and WYSIWYG in design , while other electronic typesetting software requires the user to enter the processing program 's markup language without immediate visualization of the finished product .
While PageMaker 's pasteboard metaphor closely simulated the process of creating layouts manually , Ventura Publisher automated the layout process through its use of tags\/style sheets and automatically generated indices and other body matter .	While PageMaker 's pasteboard metaphor closely simulated the process of creating layouts manually , Ventura Publisher automated the layout process through its use of style sheets .
During its early years , desktop publishing acquired a bad reputation as a result of untrained users who created poorly organized ransom note effect layouts - similar criticism would be levied again against early Web publishers a decade later .	During its early years , desktop publishing acquired a bad reputation as a result of untrained users who created poorly-organized layouts - similar criticism would be levied again against early Web publishers a decade later .
Desktop publishing ( abbreviated DTP ) is the creation of documents using page layout skills on a personal computer .	Desktop publishing ( also known as DTP ) is the creation of documents using page layout software on a personal computer .
Iona ( Scottish Gaelic : Ì Chaluim Chille ) is a small island in the Inner Hebrides off the Ross of Mull on the western coast of Scotland .	Iona ( Scottish Gaelic : Ì Chaluim Chille ) is a small island in the Inner Hebrides off the western coast of Scotland .
As the Norse domination of the west coast of Scotland advanced , Iona became part of the Kingdom of the Isles .	As the Viking control of the west coast of Scotland advanced , Iona became part of the Kingdom of the Isles .
Iona 's prominence was further diminished over the next centuries as a result of Viking raids and the rise of other powerful monasteries in the system , such as the Abbey of Kells .	Iona 's prominence was reduced over the next centuries as a result of Viking raids and the rise of other powerful monasteries in the system , such as the Abbey of Kells .
Following the 1266 Treaty of Perth the Hebrides were restored to Scottish rule .	Following the 1266 Treaty of Perth the Isles ( Hebrides ) were restored to Scottish rule .
According to tradition the monastery was founded in 563 by the monk Columba , also known as Colm Cille , who had been exiled from his native Ireland as a result of his involvement in the Battle of Cul Dreimhne .	According to tradition the monastery was founded in 563 by the monk Columba , also known as Colm Cille , who had been exiled from his native Ireland .
The ruling dynasty of Alba traced its origin to Iona , and the island thus became an important spiritual center of the new kingdom , with many of its early kings buried there .	The ruling dynasty of Alba traced its origin to Iona , and the island thus became an important religious icon of the new kingdom .
In the early Historic Period Iona lay within the Gaelic kingdom of Dál Riata .	At the start Iona was a part of the Gaelic kingdom of Dál Riata .
Many satellite institutions were founded , and Iona became the center of one of the most important monastic systems in Great Britain and Ireland .	Many other monasteries were founded in Scotland and Iona became the center of a great monastic system .
In particular , Iona was a major supporter of the `` Celtic '' system for calculating the date of Easter at the time of the Easter controversy , which pitted supporters of the Celtic system against those favoring the `` Roman '' system used elsewhere in Western Christianity .	Iona was a major supporter of the `` Celtic '' system for calculating the date of Easter .
The island was the site of a highly important monastery ( see Iona Abbey ) during the Early Middle Ages .	The island was the site of a highly important monastery during the Early Middle Ages .
Nonetheless the island was sacked twice by his successors , on Christmas night 986 and again in 987 .	On Christmas night 986 and again in 987 .
The controversy weakened Iona 's ties to Northumbria , which adopted the Roman system at the Synod of Whitby in 664 , and to Pictland , which followed suit in the early 8th century .	This issue was settled when they adopted the Roman system at the Synod of Whitby in 664 .
The Norse Rex plurimarum insularum Amlaíb Cuarán died in 980 or 981 whilst in `` religious retirement '' on Iona .	Amlaíb Cuarán , King of Northumbria and Dublin , died in 981 while on Iona .
The offensive use of living organisms ( such as anthrax ) is considered biological warfare rather than chemical warfare ; however , the use of nonliving toxic products produced by living organisms ( e.g. toxins such as botulinum toxin , ricin , and saxitoxin ) is considered chemical warfare under the provisions of the ...	However , the use of nonliving toxic products produced by living organisms ( e.g. toxins such as botulinum toxin , ricin , and saxitoxin ) is considered chemical warfare under the provisions of the Chemical Weapons Convention ( CWC ) .
Under this Convention , any toxic chemical , regardless of its origin , is considered a chemical weapon unless it is used for purposes that are not prohibited ( an important legal definition known as the General Purpose Criterion ) .	Under this Convention , any toxic chemical , regardless of its origin , is considered a chemical weapon unless it is used for legal purposes ( the General Purpose Criterion ) .
Chemical warfare is different from the use of conventional weapons or nuclear weapons because the destructive effects of chemical weapons are not primarily due to any explosive force .	Chemical warfare differs from conventional weapons or nuclear weapons because their effect is not due to explosive force .
The entire class known as Lethal Unitary Chemical Agents and Munitions have been scheduled for elimination by the CWC .	The entire class has been scheduled for elimination by the CWC .
The most recent arms control agreement in International Law , the Convention of the Prohibition of the Development , Production , Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction , or the Chemical Weapons Convention , outlaws the production , stockpiling , and use of chemical weapons .	There are many rules that ban the production , import and use of chemical weapons .
Edgar McLean Stevenson , Jr. ( November 14 , 1927 - February 15 , 1996 ) , better known as McLean Stevenson , was an American actor most recognized for his role as Lt. Colonel Henry Blake on the TV series M \* A \* S \* H . He was also recognized for his role as Michael Nicholson on The Doris Day Show .	McLean Stevenson ( November 14 , 1929 - February 15 , 1996 ) was an American actor .
He was the great-grandson of William Stevenson , brother of US Vice President Adlai E. Stevenson , making him a second cousin once removed of two-time presidential candidate Adlai E. Stevenson II .	His grandfather Adlai E. Stevenson was Vice-president of the United States to Grover Cleveland , and his second cousin , once removed Adlai Stevenson II was Governor of Illinois and unsuccessfully ran for President twice in the 1950s losing to Dwight D. Eisenhower both times .
Dr. Erich Mende ( 28 October 1916 - 6 May 1998 ) was a German politician of the Free Democratic Party ( FDP ) and Christian Democratic Union ( CDU ) .	Erich Mende ( 28 October 1916 - 6 May 1998 in Bonn ) was a German jurist and politician for the Christian-Democratic Union of Germany and the Free Democratic Party of Germany .
The season started on 12 March 2010 and the last matches were played on 29 November 2010 .	The last match was played November 29 , 2010 .
On 14 November 2010 , Zenit Saint Petersburg clinched the title after a 5-0 win against FC Rostov .	On November 14 , 2010 , Zenit St. Petersburg claimed their titles after a 5-0 win against FC Rostov .
The 2010 Russian Premier League is the 19th season of the Russian football championship since the dissolution of the Soviet Union and 9th under the current Russian Premier League name .	The 2010 Russian Premier League was the 19th season of the Russian Premier League .
His best-known works include the novel The Monkey Wrench Gang , which has been cited as an inspiration by radical environmental groups , and the non-fiction work Desert Solitaire .	His next novel after that was The Monkey Wrench Gang .
Year 5 ( V ) was a common year starting on Thursday ( link will display the full calendar ) of the Julian calendar .	5 ( V ) is a common year of the Julian calendar which started on a Thursday .
At the time , it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Messalla and Cinna ( or , less frequently , year 758 Ab urbe condita ) .	It was known as the Year of the Consulship of Messalla and Cinna .
Flights were delayed at several airports , including John F. Kennedy International Airport , Newark Liberty International Airport , Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport , Dulles International Airport , and Philadelphia International Airport .	Flights were late at several airports , including John F. Kennedy International Airport , Newark Liberty International Airport , Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport , Dulles International Airport , and Philadelphia International Airport .
The West Virginia Office of Miners ' Health , Safety and Training stated that West Virginia coal mines were safe following the tremors .	The West Virginia Office of Miners ' Health Safety and Training stated that West Virginia coal mines were safe following the tremors .
The state Emergency Management office reported two gas leaks in Gloucester County .	In New Jersey , the state Emergency Management office reported two gas leaks in Gloucester County , with no reports of injuries from either leak .
In Charleston , the Kanawha County Courthouse , the West Virginia State Capitol campus , and several other downtown buildings were evacuated ; Kanawha County dispatchers received more than 350 telephone calls in 45 minutes , but there were not any reports of damage to buildings and infrastructure other than minor plast...	Kanawha County dispatchers received more than 350 calls in 45 minutes but there were no reports of damage to buildings and infrastructure other than minor plaster cracking in the old courthouse .
The earthquake damaged three of the four pinnacles ( corner spires ) on the central tower of the Washington National Cathedral , cracked some of its flying buttresses , and caused additional damage .	The quake damaged three of the Washington National Cathedral 's four pinnacles ( corner spires ) and cracked some of the Episcopal church 's flying buttresses .
In Philippi , part of a chimney collapsed at the Barbour County courthouse .	Part of a chimney collapsed at the county courthouse in Philippi in Barbour County .
At Ronald Reagan National Airport , ceiling tiles fell in one terminal , and flights were halted .	At the National Airport , ceiling tiles in the airport terminal fell to the ground , and flights stopped .
The U.S. District Court in South Boston was evacuated and the University of Massachusetts Boston closed early .	The U.S. District Court in South Boston was evacuated and the University of Massachusetts Boston cut summer classes short and sent all workers home early .
Soon after the earthquake , the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration ordered a ground stop along the East Coast , causing some flight delays .	Soon after the earthquake , the Federal Aviation Administration ( FAA ) ordered airplanes to stop flying along the East Coast .
The Delaware River Port Authority reported no damage to its four bridges across the Delaware River .	There was no damage to the bridges over the Delaware River owned by the Delaware River Port Authority .
In Boston , the Massachusetts Emergency Management Agency reported tremors and swaying buildings but no damage .	In Boston , the Massachusetts Emergency Management Agency reported no injuries or damage .
The 2011 Virginia Earthquake occurred on August 23 , 2011 , at 1:51 pm EDT ( 17:51 UTC ) in the Piedmont region of the US state of Virginia .	The 2011 Virginia earthquake was a magnitude 5.8 ( Mw ) earthquake in the U.S. state of Virginia on August 23 , 2011 , at 1:51 PM EDT ( 17:51 UTC ) .
In Philadelphia , SEPTA Regional Rail trains were restricted to a speed of 25 mph ( 40 km\/h ) while tracks were inspected for damage , and PATCO Speedline trains were briefly suspended , with no damage reported .	Also , SEPTA Regional Rail trains could only go 25 miles per hour ( 40 km\/h ) while tracks were checked for damage and PATCO Speedline trains were also stopped for a short time even though there was no damage .
Amtrak train service at Penn Station was also delayed .	Amtrak trains arriving and departing from Penn Station were also delayed .
The first four ( of magnitude 2.8 , 2.2 , 4.2 and 3.4 ) occurred within 12 hours of the main shock .	The aftershocks had magnitudes 2.8 , 2.2 , 4.2 and 3.4 .
Delaware Department of Transportation crews were dispatched statewide to inspect interstate highways , the under-construction replacement Indian River Inlet Bridge , the Delaware Memorial Bridge on I-295 , and other bridges and roads .	DelDOT crews were sent to all parts of the state to inspect many bridges and roadways including interstate highways and the Indian River Inlet Bridge .
In Arlington County , a burst pipe flooded two corridors at the Pentagon .	The pipe flooded two corridors .
Delaware : In Wilmington , blocks fell to the street from the steeple of St. Thomas the Apostle Church , and the New Castle County Courthouse was evacuated , as was the air traffic control tower of the New Castle County Airport in nearby Wilmington Manor .	The press said that blocks fell to the street from the steeple of St. Thomas the Apostle Church .
Tremors from the Virginia earthquake were felt as far south as Atlanta , Georgia ; as far north as Quebec City , Quebec ; as far west as Illinois and as far east as Fredericton , New Brunswick , with damage reported as far away as Brooklyn , New York .	Damage was reported as far away as Burlington , New Jersey .
The Pennsylvania Department of Transportation inspected bridges across the state for damage .	The Pennsylvania Department of Transportation checked bridges for damage .
A National Park Service spokesperson reported that surveys revealed cracks near the top of the Washington Monument , the world 's tallest stone structure , which was closed indefinitely .	The National Park Service found cracks near the top of the Washington Monument .
The White House , the Capitol , and various other buildings were evacuated .	In Washington , D.C. , the White House , the Capitol building and other buildings were evacuated .
This caused the two nuclear reactors to shut down automatically seconds before off-site power was lost .	The two nuclear reactors at the North Anna Nuclear Generating Station , 11 miles ( 18 km ) from the epicenter , shut down automatically .
In Burlington , Temple B'nai Israel 's synagogue building , built during 1801 , sustained some water damage when tremor-caused openings in the roof allowed standing water to leak in , and about 20 bricks fell , damaging a congregant 's car .	Buildings such a the Temple B'nai Israel in Burlington and a home in Camden were damaged .
In Kensington , the tops of four spires on the Washington D.C. Temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints fell to the ground along with several pieces of marble from the façade .	The pieces fell to the ground along with several pieces of marble from the temple 's outside wall .
The Bucks County Courthouse in Doylestown was evacuated after the earthquake .	People were also told to get out of the Bucks County Courthouse in Doylestown .
Other office buildings in Center City Philadelphia were also evacuated soon after the earthquake .	A few buildings in Toronto were evacuated .
New Jersey : Damage in New Jersey was minor .	Damage in the northeastern United States was minor .
This is especially common with hot noodles , as drawing up the noodles quickly into the mouth helps cool them .	This is especially common with hot noodles , as drawing up the noodles quickly into the mouth acts to cool them down .
Soba noodles are served either chilled with a dipping sauce , or in hot broth as a noodle soup .	It is served either chilled with a dipping sauce , or in hot broth as a noodle soup .
Some establishments , especially cheaper and more casual ones , may serve both soba and udon as they are often served in a similar manner .	Some establishments , especially cheaper and more casual ones , may serve both soba and udon ( thick wheat noodles ) as they are often served in a similar manner .
Soba is the traditional noodle of choice for Tokyoites .	However , soba is traditionally the noodle of choice for Tokyoites .
Soba is typically eaten with chopsticks , and in Japan , it is considered acceptable to slurp the noodles noisily .	Soba is almost always eaten with chopsticks , and in Japan , it is traditionally considered polite to slurp the noodles noisily .
In the Tokugawa era , every neighborhood had one or two soba establishments , many also serving sake , which functioned much like modern cafes where locals would stop for a casual meal .	Every neighborhood had one or two soba establishments , many also serving sake , which functioned much like modern cafes where locals would drop by casually .
The tsuyu is made of a strong mixture of dashi , sweetened soy sauce ( also called `` satōjōyu '' ) and mirin .	The tsuyu is made of a strong mixture of dashi , sweetened soy sauce and mirin .
Extra toppings can be added to both hot and cold soba .	Extra toppings can be added onto both hot and cold soba .
Wasabi and scallions are often mixed into the tsuyu .	Wasabi , scallions , and grated ginger are often mixed into the tsuyu .
In Japan , soba noodles are served in a variety of settings : they are a popular inexpensive fast food at railway stations throughout Japan , but are also served by expensive specialty restaurants .	In Japan , soba noodles are served in a variety of situations .
This tradition originates from the Tokugawa period , when the population of Edo ( Tokyo ) , being considerably wealthier than the rural poor , were more susceptible to beri beri due to their high consumption of white rice , which is low in thiamine .	At that time , the population of Edo ( Tokyo ) was much richer than the rural poor , were more susceptible to beri beri because of their high consumption of white rice which is low in thiamine .
It is synonymous with a type of thin noodle made from buckwheat flour , and in Japan can refer to any thin noodle ( unlike thick wheat noodles , known as udon ) .	is a type of thin Japanese noodle .
It was discovered that beri beri could be prevented by regularly eating thiamine-rich soba .	They are thought to have made up for this by regularly eating thiamine-rich soba .
They initially ruled their country Pandya Nadu from Korkai , a seaport on the southernmost tip of the Indian Peninsula , and in later times moved to Madurai .	They ruled initially from Korkai , a sea port on the southern most tip of the Indian peninsula , and in later times moved to Madurai .
She has influenced such writers as Neil Gaiman , Stephen King , Nigel Kneale , and Richard Matheson .	She has influenced such writers as Neil Gaiman , Stephen King , Nigel Kneale and Richard Matheson .
Jackson may even have taken pleasure in the subversive impact of her work , as evidenced by Hyman 's statement that she `` was always proud that the Union of South Africa banned The Lottery , and she felt that they at least understood the story '' .	Jackson may even have taken pleasure in the destructive impact of her work , as evidenced by Hyman 's statement that she `` was always proud that the Union of South Africa banned `` The Lottery '' , and she felt that they at least understood the story .
Born Shirley Hardie Jackson in San Francisco , California , to Leslie and Geraldine Jackson , Shirley and her family lived in the community of Burlingame , California , an affluent middle-class suburb that would feature in Shirley 's first novel , The Road Through the Wall ( 1948 ) .	Born Shirley Hardie Jackson in San Francisco in 1916 to Leslie and Geraldine Jackson , Shirley and her family lived in Burlingame , California , an wealthy middle-class suburb .
For college , she first attended the University of Rochester , before earning BA from Syracuse University in 1940 .	For college , she first attended the University of Rochester before graduating from Syracuse University in 1940 .
She was a popular writer in her time , and her work has received increasing attention from literary critics in recent years .	A popular writer in her time , her work has received even more attention from literary critics in recent years .
The Jackson family relocated to Rochester , New York , where Shirley attended Brighton High School and received her diploma in 1934 .	The Jackson family then moved to Rochester , New York , where Shirley attended Brighton High School and graduated in 1934 .
In 1965 , Jackson died of heart failure in her sleep , at her home in North Bennington , at the age of 48 .	In 1965 , Shirley Jackson died of heart failure in her sleep at the age of 48 .
These ailments , along with the various prescription drugs used to treat them , may have contributed to her declining health and early death .	These illnesses , along with the various prescription drugs used to treat them , overweight and heavy smoking , may have led to her declining health and early death .
In a series of short stories , later collected in the books Life Among the Savages and Raising Demons , she presented a fictionalized version of her marriage and the experience of bringing up four children .	Eventually her four children would come to their own brand of literary characters as fictionalized versions of themselves in their mother 's short stories ; In a series of the short stories , later collected in the books Life Among the Savages and Raising Demons , she presented a fictionalized version of her marriage a...
In addition to her adult literary novels , Jackson also wrote a children 's novel , Nine Magic Wishes , available in an edition illustrated by her grandson , Miles Hyman , as well as a children 's play based on Hansel and Gretel , entitled The Bad Children .	In addition to her adult literary novels , Shirley also wrote a children 's novel , Nine Magic Wishes as well as a children 's play based on Hansel and Gretel and entitled The Bad Children .
At the time of her death , she was overweight and a heavy smoker who had suffered throughout her life from various neuroses and psychosomatic illnesses .	Shirley suffered all through her life from various neuroses and psychosomatic illness .
Shirley Hardie Jackson ( December 14 , 1916 - August 8 , 1965 ) was an American author .	Shirley Jackson ( December 14 , 1916 , San Francisco , California - August 8 , 1965 , Bennington , Vermont ) was an important American author .
The Haunting of Hill House ( 1959 ) is regarded by many , including Stephen King , as one of the important horror novels of the twentieth century .	Her other novels include Hangsaman ( 1951 ) , The Bird 's Nest ( 1954 ) , The Sundial ( 1958 ) and The Haunting of Hill House ( 1959 ) , regarded by many as one of the important horror novels of the 20th Century .
For example , a single line clear in Tetris Zone is worth 100 points , clearing four lines at once ( known as a Tetris ) is worth 800 , while a back-to-back Tetris is worth 1,200 each .	Clearing four lines is called a `` tetris '' , three lines a `` triple '' and two lines a `` double '' .

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