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The maximum reported weight is 162.2 kg ( 358 lbs ) .	The maximum weight of the Silvertip shark is 358 pounds ( 162.2 kg ) .
The silvertip shark was originally described as Carcharias albimarginatus by German naturalist Eduard Rüppell , in the 1837 Fische des Rothen Meeres ( Fishes of the Red Sea ) .	The Silvertip shark was originally described as Carcharias albimarginatus by Eduard Rüppell , in 1837 .
In the Southern Hemisphere , mating and parturition both occur in summer .	Mating occurs in the summer .
The name was later changed to the currently valid Carcharhinus albimarginatus .	This name was changed to the current Carcharhinus albimarginatus by Rüppell later that same year .
Silvertip sharks are found over continental and insular shelves at a depth of 30-800 m ( 100-2 ,600 ft ) , occupying all levels of the water column .	Silvertip sharks are found over continental and insular ( island ) shelves and offshore banks .
Silvertip sharks can grow up to 3 m ( 9.8 ft ) long , but typically measure 2.0-2 .5 m ( 6.6-8 .2 ft ) in length .	The Silvertip shark grows to a maximum length of 9.8 feet ( 3 m ) .
In this same year the National Institute of Mental Health was also created which provided support for the training hospital employees and research into the conditions which afflicted the patients .	The National Institute of Mental Health was created the same year .
Chapter five covers some 300 mental and behavioral disorders .	Chapter 5 of the ICD-10 covers over 300 mental and behavioral disorders which are divided into the following categories : The Online ICD-10 can be found in its entirety here Psychoanalysis is a form of therapy based on Psychoanalytic theory .
Psychopathology is a similar term to abnormal psychology but has more of an implication of an underlying pathology ( disease process ) , and as such is a term more commonly used in the medical specialty known as psychiatry .	Abnormal psychology is a part of psychology .
During this period the Hill-Burton Acts was also passed which was a program that funded mental health hospitals .	The Hill-Burton Act was passed to give money to the mental health hospitals and the Community Health Services Act of 1963 was passed which created out-patient buildings for patients to live at home rather than in asylums .
These early asylums were often in miserable conditions .	Although known as hospitals , there are many in-patient hospitals .
By 1939 there were over 400,000 patients in state mental hospitals in the USA .	By 1940 there were more than 400,000 patients living in mental asylums .
A warm water port is one where the water does not freeze in winter time .	A warm water port is a port where the water does not freeze in winter time .
A fishing port is a port or harbor for landing and distributing fish .	A fishing port is a port or harbor used by people who are fishing .
Currently , the Cruise Capital of the World is the Port of Miami , Florida , closely followed behind by Port Everglades , Florida and the Port of San Juan , Puerto Rico .	Port Everglades , Florida and the Port of San Juan , Puerto Rico also have big cruise ports .
It is also where the cruise ship 's supplies are loaded for the cruise , which includes everything from fresh water and fuel to fruits , vegetable , champagne , and any other supplies needed for the cruise .	It is also where the cruise ship gets its supplies , like fresh water , fuel , and food .
A cruise home port is the port where cruise-ship passengers board ( or embark ) to start their cruise and disembark the cruise ship at the end of their cruise .	A cruise home port is a port where people get on and off cruise-ships .
The GRU first predecessor in post-tsarist Russia was created on October 21 , 1918 under the sponsorship of Leon Trotsky , who was then the civilian overseer of the Red Army ; it was originally known as the Registration Directorate ( Registrupravlenie , or RU ) .	The GRU 's first predecessor in post-tsarist Russia was created on October 21 , 1918 under the sponsorship of Leon Trotsky , who was then the civilian overseer of the Red Army .
`` GRU '' is the English transliteration of the Russian acronym ГРУ , which stands for '' Главное Разведывательное Управление '' , meaning Main Intelligence Directorate .	`` GRU '' is the English version of the Russian acronym ГРУ , which means Main Intelligence Directorate .
It also commanded 25,000 Spetsnaz troops in 1997 .	The GRU commanded 25,000 Spetsnaz troops in 1997 .
According to Suvorov , even the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union could n't enter GRU headquarters without going through a security screening .	According to Suvorov , even the General Secretary of the CPSU could n't enter GRU headquarters without going through a security screening .
It became widely known in Russia , and the West outside the narrow confines of the intelligence community , during perestroika , in part thanks to the writings of `` Viktor Suvorov '' ( Vladimir Rezun ) , a GRU agent who defected to Great Britain in 1978 , and wrote about his experiences in the Soviet military and intelligence services .	`` Viktor Suvorov '' ( Vladimir Rezun ) , a GRU agent who defected to Great Britain in 1978 , wrote about his experiences in the Soviet military and intelligence services .
This planted the seed for a fierce rivalry between the two agencies , which were both engaged in espionage , and was even more intense than the rivalry between the Federal Bureau of Investigation and Central Intelligence Agency in America would be in a future time .	This planted the seed for a fierce rivalry between the two agencies , which were both engaged in espionage .
GRU or Glavnoye Razvedyvatel ` noye Upravleniye ( Russian : Главное разведывательное управление , English : Main Intelligence Directorate ) is the foreign military intelligence main directorate of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation ( formerly the Soviet Army General Staff of the Soviet Union ) .	GRU ( Glavnoye Razvedyvatel ` noye Upravleniye ) is the military intelligence service of the Russian Federation , ( formerly the Red Army of the Soviet Union ) .
In 1997 it deployed six times as many agents in foreign countries as the SVR , the successor of the KGB 's foreign operations directorate .	In 1997 it had six times as many agents in foreign countries as the SVR ( The SVR is the successor to the KGB 's foreign operations directorate ) .
The GRU operated residencies all over the world , along with the SIGINT ( signals intelligence ) station in Lourdes , Cuba , and throughout the former Soviet bloc countries , especially in Lithuania , Latvia , and Estonia .	They ran with the SIGINT ( signals intelligence ) in Cuba , and throughout the former Soviet bloc countries , especially in Lithuania , Latvia , and Estonia .
The existence of the GRU was not publicized during the Soviet era , although documents concerning it became available in the West in the late 1920s and it was mentioned in the 1931 memoirs of the first OGPU defector , Georges Agabekov , and described in detail in the 1939 autobiography ( I Was Stalin 's Agent ) of Walter Krivitsky , the most senior Red Army intelligence officer ever to defect .	Documents about it became available in the West in the late 1920s , and it was mentioned in the 1931 memoirs of the first OGPU defector , Georges Agabekov .
Additionally , Hawaii is the only U.S. state not to be located in the Americas .	Hawaii is a U.S. state of the United States .
In Article XV , Section 1 uses `` The State of Hawaii '' , Section 2 `` the island of Oahu '' , Section 3 `` The Hawaiian flag '' , and Section 5 specifies the state motto as `` Ua mau ke ea o ka aina i ka pono '' .	The state motto is Ua mau ke ea o ka aina i ka pono .
Cook named the islands the `` Sandwich Islands '' in honor of his sponsor John Montagu , 4th Earl of Sandwich .	Captain Cook named the islands the Sandwich Islands for the fourth Earl of Sandwich , John Montague .
In 1929 he moved on to the University of London , and in 1935 to a prestigious readership at Oxford University .	In 1929 he moved on to the University of London , and in 1935 to the University of Oxford .
Lascelles Abercrombie ( also known as the Georgian Laureate , linking him with the `` Georgian poets '' ) ( 9 January 1881 - 27 October 1938 ) was a British poet and literary critic , one of the `` Dymock poets '' .	Lascelles Abercrombie ( January 9 , 1881 - October 27 , 1938 ) was a British poet and critic of Literature , and he was a member of a group of famous poets called `` Dymock poets '' .
Before the First World War , he lived for a time at Dymock in Gloucestershire , part of a community that included Rupert Brooke and Robert Frost .	Before the First World War , he lived for a time at Dymock in Gloucestershire .
He was born in Ashton upon Mersey and educated at Malvern College , and at Owens College .	He was born in Ashton upon Mersey and studied at the University of Manchester .
In the same year he published separately his most ambitious poem , ` The Sale of Saint Thomas ' in six ` Acts ' .	In the same year he wrote his most important poem , The Sale of Saint Thomas in six Acts .
He was the brother of the architect Patrick Abercrombie and the father of the phonetician David Abercrombie and the cell biologist Michael Abercrombie .	He was the brother of the architect Patrick Abercrombie , and his son was the scientist Michael Abercrombie .
Common English names : Santa Catalina Rattlesnake , Santa Catalina Island rattlesnake Crotalus catalinensis is a species of venomous pit viper endemic to Isla Santa Catalina in the Gulf of California just off the east coast of the state of Baja California Sur , Mexico .	The Santa Catalina Rattlesnake ( Crotalus catalinensis ) , also known as the `` Santa Catalina Island Rattlesnake '' , is a species of venomous Pit viper found on Santa Catalina Island .
No subspecies is currently recognized .	There are currently no subspecies found .
The other variant has a much lighter , ash gray color , with darker gray blotching .	Some Santa Catalina Rattlesnakes are light cream in color with reddish-brown blotches down their back , while some are ash gray with dark gray blotches on them .
Elisabeth of Austria ( 24 December 1837 - 10 September 1898 ) was the wife of Emperor Franz Joseph I , and thus Empress of Austria and Queen of Hungary .	Duchess Elisabeth of Bavaria ( December 24 , 1837 - September 10 , 1898 ) was the wife of Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria .
Activision scaled back its 2010 Guitar Hero release schedule to just two games , reducing the number of SKUs from 25 in 2009 to 10 in 2010 .	Activision scaled back its 2010 Guitar Hero release schedule to just two full games , reducing the number of SKUs from 25 in 2009 to 10 in 2010 .
Gitaroo Man featured a guitar-playing protagonist four years before the release of Guitar Hero , though the game employed a conventional rather than guitar-shaped controller .	Gitaroo Man featured a guitar-playing protagonist , 4 years before the release of Guitar Hero , though the game employed a conventional rather than guitar-shaped controller .
The game was later released on consoles in the West as Taiko Drum Master , and the franchise continues to receive new installments in Japan .	The game was later released on consoles in the West ( as Taiko Drum Master ) and the franchise continues to receive new installments in Japan .
The success of PaRappa the Rapper sparked the popularity of the music game genre .	The success of PaRappa the Rapper sparked popularity of the music game genre .
Guitar Hero installments based on specific bands , such as Metallica and Aerosmith , were also published .	Guitar Hero installments based on specific bands , such as Metallica and Aerosmith , were later published .
In 2000 , Taiko no Tatsujin combined traditional Japanese drums with contemporary pop music , and became highly successful in Japanese arcades .	In 2001 , Taiko no Tatsujin combined traditional Japanese drums with contemporary pop music , and became highly successful in Japanese arcades .
In single-player modes , the player 's avatar competes against a computer-controlled opponent , while multiplayer modes allow two player-controlled avatars to compete head-to-head .	In single-player mode , the player 's avatar will compete against a computer-controlled opponent , while multiplayer mode will allow two player-controlled avatars to compete head-to-head .
Gitaroo Man 's creator , Keiichi Yano , later created Osu !	Gitaroo Man 's creator , Keiichi Yano , further created Osu !
While songs can be sight read , players usually practice to master more difficult songs and settings .	While songs can be sight read without having performed them before , players usually practice to master more difficult songs and settings .
The company 's music division , Bemani , released a series of music-based games over the next several years .	The company 's music division , Bemani , released many music games over the next several years .
Dance Dance Revolution , released in 1998 , is a rhythm game in which players dance on pressure-sensitive pads in an order dictated by on-screen instructions .	Dance Dance Revolution , released in 1998 , was a rhythm game in which players danced on pressure sensitive pads in time with on-screen commands .
In 2008 , it was reported that music games had become the second most popular video game genre ( behind action ) in the United States , with 53 % of players being female .	In 2008 , it was reported that the music game had become the second most popular video game genre in the U.S. ( behind action , having overtaken sports ) , with 53 % of players being female .
Certain rhythm games offer a challenge similar to that of Simon says , in that the player must watch , remember , and repeat complex sequences of button-presses .	Other rhythm games offer a challenge similar to that of Simon says , where the player must watch , remember , and repeat complex sequences of button-presses .
While it was praised for its unique style and artistry , Vib-Ribbon 's simple vector graphics proved difficult to market , and the game was never released in North America .	While it was praised for its unique style and timeless artistry , its simple vector graphics proved difficult to market and the game was never released in North America .
The success of the Guitar Hero and Rock Band franchises widened the console video game market and its demographics , and the popularity of the genre drove increased sales of consoles .	The success of the Guitar Hero and Rock Band franchises widened the console video game market and its demographics , with the popularity of the music game driving increased sales of consoles .
The company later released more socially driven , karaoke-themed music games in Karaoke Revolution and SingStar ( 2003 and 2004 , respectively ) .	Harmonix later released more socially driven , karaoke-themed music games in Karaoke Revolution and SingStar ( 2003 and 2004 respectively ) .
Beatmania was a surprise hit , inspiring Konami 's Games and Music Division to change its name to Bemani in honor of the game , and to begin experimenting with other rhythm game concepts .	The game was a surprise hit , inspiring Konami 's Games and Music Division to change its name to Bemani in honor of the game , and to then begin experimenting with other rhythm games over the next few years .
Rhythm game or rhythm action is a genre of music-themed action video game that challenges a player 's sense of rhythm .	Rhythm game , or rhythm action , is a type of music-themed action video game .
The game originated the `` call and response '' mechanic used by later rhythm video games , in which players take turns repeating increasingly complicated sequences of button presses .	Players take turns repeating increasingly complicated sequences of button presses and the game implemented the `` call and response '' mechanic used by later music video games .
Dance games such as Dance Central , Michael Jackson : The Game , and Child of Eden were based on the new motion sensing technology .	Games such as Dance Central , Michael Jackson : The Game , and Child of Eden are all games based on the new motion sensing technology aimed to encourage more engaging dance routines .
The game was highly successful both in and outside of Japan , unlike games such as GuitarFreaks , DrumMania and Beatmania , though the latter had some success in Europe .	The game was highly successful not only in Japan but globally , unlike games such as GuitarFreaks , DrumMania and Beatmania ( though Beatmania had some success in Europe ) .
Human Entertainment 's Dance Aerobics was released in 1987 , and allows players to create music by stepping on Nintendo 's Power Pad peripheral for the NES video game console .	Dance Aerobics was released in 1987 , and allowed players to create music by stepping on Nintendo 's Power Pad peripheral .
Viacom also sought to negotiate new deals with music publishers to reduce the costs of the Rock Band series ' licensed music .	Viacom is also seeking to further reduce costs by negotiating new deals with music publishers to reduce the costs associated with music licensing for the Rock Band series .
The most successful of these was the dance mat game Dance Dance Revolution , which was the only Bemani title to achieve large-scale success outside of Japan .	The most successful of these was dance mat game Dance Dance Revolution , which was also the only one to achieve large-scale success outside of Japan .
Guitar Hero : Warriors of Rock and DJ Hero 2 sold only 86,000 and 59,000 copies , respectively , in North America during their first week on the market .	Guitar Hero : Warriors of Rock and DJ Hero 2 sold only 86,000 and 59,000 copies in North America during their first week of sales , respectively , a sharp contrast to Guitar Hero III which had seen nearly 1.4 million units in its first week in 2008 .
The genre also includes games that measure rhythm and pitch , in order to test a player 's singing ability , and games that challenge the player to control their volume by measuring how hard they press each button .	The genre also includes games that measure both rhythm and pitch , in order to test a player 's singing ability .
It requires players to press buttons in the order that they appear on the screen , a basic mechanic that formed the core of future rhythm games .	The game required players to press buttons corresponding to the order they appeared on-screen ; this basic mechanic would form the core of future rhythm games .
The genre includes dance games such as Dance Dance Revolution and music-based games such as Donkey Konga and Guitar Hero .	Rhythm game , or rhythm action , is a subgenre of action game that challenges a player 's sense of rhythm , and includes dance games such as Dance Dance Revolution and other music-based games such as Donkey Konga and Guitar Hero .
Rock Band titles support multiple instrument controllers and cooperative multiplayer , allowing players to play as a full band .	Harmonix 's later Rock Band franchise , which also earned in excess of $ 1 billion , used multiple instrument controllers and cooperative multiplayer , allowing players to play as a full band .
The Guitar Hero franchise followed suit with the band-oriented , Neversoft-developed Guitar Hero World Tour .	The Guitar Hero franchise followed suit with Guitar Hero World Tour , developed by Neversoft rather than Harmonix .
Doing so causes the game 's protagonist or avatar to dance or to play their instrument correctly , which increases the player 's score .	Doing so will cause the game 's protagonist or avatar to dance or play their instrument correctly , thus achieving a greater score .
In some rhythm games , the screen displays an avatar who performs in reaction to the player 's controller inputs .	In some rhythm games , the screen will display an avatar who performs in response to the player 's button-presses .
However , Harmonix added rock music aimed at a Western audience .	The game was inspired by similar , earlier Japanese games , but Harmonix added rock music aimed at a Western audience .
In 1997 , Konami 's Beatmania sparked an emergent market for rhythm games in Japan .	In 1997 , Konami 's Beatmania started popularity for rhythm games in Japan .
However , these graphical responses are usually in the background , and the avatar is more important to spectators than it is to the player .	However , they are usually in the background , and the avatar is less important to the player than it is to spectators .
By the end of 2010 , the rhythm market was considered `` well past its prime '' , and developers shifted their focus to downloadable content and potential integration with motion control systems .	By the end of 2010 , the rhythm market , initially propped by game bundles with instrument controllers , was considered `` well past its prime '' and has shifted towards downloadable content and potential integration with motion control systems .
Harmonix was formed in 1995 from a computer music group at MIT .	Harmonix , a company formed from a computer music group at MIT in 1995 , released Frequency in 2001 .
It eschews instrument-shaped controllers ; instead , players maneuver the protagonist through an obstacle course by pressing buttons at correct times .	In this game , players had to maneuver the protagonist through an obstacle course by pressing buttons at the correct time .
Dance games such as Just Dance and Dance Central boosted the rhythm genre 's late-2010 sales ; the latter was the top-selling game for the Kinect in North America in November 2010 .	Dancing games such as Just Dance and Dance Central boosted late-year sales ; Dance Central was the top-selling game for the Kinect in North America in November 2010 , and both games led to an 38 % increase in sales compared to November 2009 , according to NPD .
Released the same year , Enix 's Bust a Groove features a similar focus on dancing but employs a more conventional input method .	Released the same year , Enix 's Bust a Groove revolved around similar dancing themes to Dance Dance Revolution but employed a more conventional input method .
Industry pundits believe that , because sales of peripheral-based music games are lagging and the popularity of pop music is surging , dance-based games will continue to thrive .	Industry pundits believe that as sales of music games requiring peripheral controllers lag , dance-based games , along with rising popularity of pop music , will continue to thrive for some time .
These include controllers that emulate musical instruments , such as guitars , drums , or maracas .	These include a variety of controllers which look like musical instruments , such as guitars , drums , or maracas .
In late 2010 , Viacom sold Harmonix to an investment-backed group and allowed it to continue developing Rock Band and Dance Central .	Viacom completed its sale of Harmonix in late 2010 to an investment-backed group to allow it to continue developing Rock Band and Dance Central on its own .
While analysts had expected that United States sales of Guitar Hero 5 and The Beatles : Rock Band would be high-close to or exceeding one million units each in the first month of their release-sales only reached roughly half of those projections .	However , though analysis had expected that United States sales of Guitar Hero 5 and The Beatles : Rock Band to be high , close to or exceeding one million units each in the first month of their release , the resulting sales numbers were lower by nearly half of the projections .
The company closed several in-house developers , including RedOctane , Neversoft 's Guitar Hero division , and Underground Development .	Activision has also closed some of its in-house developers , including RedOctane , Neversoft 's Guitar Hero division , and Underground Development , bringing the remaining employees and assets under their own control .
Sega 's Samba de Amigo , released in arcades in 1999 and on the Dreamcast in 2000 , features maraca-shaped , motion sensitive controllers .	Bemani 's Samba de Amigo , released in 1999 and on Dreamcast in 2000 , featured maraca-shaped , motion sensor controllers .
The rhythm game genre has roots in the electronic game Simon , invented in 1978 by Ralph Baer ( who created the Magnavox Odyssey ) and Howard Morrison .	The genre has been traced back to the electronic game Simon , invented by Howard Morrison and Ralph Baer ( the latter also invented the Magnavox Odyssey ) in 1978 .
The fallout of the weakening rhythm game market affected game developers , publishers and distributors .	The weakening market for rhythm video games has created fallout effects impacting both game developers and distributors .
Viacom , which had paid Harmonix $ 150 million following the success of Rock Band in 2007 , began seeking a `` substantial '' refund on that investment after weak sales in 2009 .	Viacom , which had previously paid Harmonix $ 150 million for their performance behind Rock Band in 2007 , are now seeking to get a `` substantial '' refund on that amount due to the weak sales in 2009 .
The popularity of rhythm games has created a market for speciality input devices .	The popularity of rhythm games has created a market for different controllers .
The 1999 Bemani title DrumMania featured a drum kit controller , and could be linked with GuitarFreaks for simulated jam sessions .	Similarly , DrumMania from 1999 used a drum kit controller and could be linked with GuitarFreaks for simulated jam sessions , several years before the concept appeared in Rock Band .
Analysts suggested that the market for peripheral-based rhythm games may remain stagnant for three to five years , after which sales could resurge because of digital distribution models or the release of new video game consoles .	Analysts suggest that the market for these types of peripheral rhythm games may be stagnant for three to five years after which they may resurge on new consoles or based on different distribution models such as a stronger focus on downloadable content .
The game allows for two-player gameplay , provides a spectacle for onlookers and allows players to socialise while gaming .	The game made use of `` social gaming '' , allowing two player gameplay and providing a spectacle for onlookers .
As a result , analysts lowered their expectations for future music games ; for example , projections of first quarter U.S. sales of DJ Hero , a Guitar Hero `` spin-off '' , were reduced from 1.6 million units to only 600,000 .	As a result , analysts have lowered expectations for future music games ; projections for sales of DJ Hero , a spinoff of Guitar Hero published by Activision , have been reduced from 1.6 million units in the first quarter of sales in the United Sates to only 600,000 .
Through October 2010 , music games achieved net sales of around $ 200 million , one-fifth of the genre 's revenue during the same period in 2008 .	Analysis of music game sales through October 2010 show net sales of around $ 200 million through October , one-fifth of the revenue for music games for the same period in 2008 , and that the market will likely not break $ 400 million by the end of the year .
Specialized titles that targeted specific genres and demographics , such as Band Hero for pop music and Lego Rock Band for younger players , were released .	Both the Guitar Hero and Rock Band franchises expanded in this year with new games on other gaming platforms including handheld gaming devices and mobile phones and with titles targeted towards specific genres or demographics , such as Band Hero for pop music and Lego Rock Band for younger players .
Its successes include GuitarFreaks , which features a guitar-shaped controller , and 1998 's Pop 'n Music , a game similar to Beatmania in which multiple colorful buttons must be pressed .	1998 's Pop 'n Music , a game similar to Beatmania , featuring multiple colorful buttons was also successful .
Video game industry analysts considered 2009 to be a critical year for rhythm games , and they believed that it would allow them to gauge the future success of the genre .	Analysts for the video game market considered 2009 to be critical to further success of the genre .
In 2010 , rhythm game developers included new features in their products .	Rhythm game developers tried to add new features to their games .
The 1996 title PaRappa the Rapper has been credited as the first true rhythm game , and as one of the first music-based games in general .	The later PaRappa the Rapper has also been credited as the first rhythm game , as well as one of the first music games in general .

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